Zodariidae

Zodarion germanicum, from Pavouci.

Belongs within: Amaurobioidea.

The Zodariidae are a primarily tropical and subtropical group of free-living spiders, many of which are specialised predators of ants. They are characterised by reduction of the median and posterior spinnerets, with the anterior spinnerets often being on a common base in the subfamily Zodariinae. Members of the subfamily Storenomorphinae are found in trees whereas other zodariids are ground-dwellers (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007).

Characters (from Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007): Small to large; six or eight eyes present, eye arrangement variable; cheliceral fangs very short; serrula absent; legs with three tarsal claws with teeth on paired tarsal claws implanted on lateral side facing opposing claw; ecribellate; anterior lateral spinnerets long, posterior spinnerets reduced; entelegyne.

<==Zodariidae [Zodarioidae]
    |--Lachesana PO08 [Lachesaninae JD-S07]
    |    `--L. rufiventris (Simon 1873) PO08
    |--Storenomorpha [Storenomorphinae] JD-S07
    |    |--S. arboccoae R14
    |    `--S. paguma R14
    |--Cryptothele Koch 1872 non Fr. 1866 (ICBN) T94 [Cryptothelidae, Cryptothelinae, Cydrelinae JD-S07]
    |    |--C. alluaudi R14
    |    `--C. sundaica Thorell 1890 T94
    |--Cyrioctea [Cyriocteinae] JD-S07
    |    |--C. aschaensis R14
    |    |--C. calderoni R14
    |    `--C. spinifera R14
    |--Zodarion Walckenaer 1826 [Zodariinae] JD-S07
    |    |--Z. atlanticum Pekar & Cardoso 2005 F05
    |    |--Z. bosmansi Pekar & Cardoso 2005 F05
    |    |--Z. elegans (Simon 1873) K55
    |    |--Z. germanicum (Koch 1837) C08
    |    |--Z. italicum R14
    |    |--Z. lutipes (Pickard-Cambridge 1872) PO08
    |    |--Z. nitidum (Audouin 1826) PO08
    |    `--Z. rubidium Simon 1914 C08
    `--Storeninae PVD10
         |--Forsterella Jocqué 1991 PVD10
         |    `--*F. faceta Jocqué 1991 PVD10
         `--Storena Walckenaer 1805 T94
              |--*S. annulipes [=Enyo annulipes, Habronestes annulipes] T94
              |--S. aspinosa Jacqué & Baehr 1992 JB95
              |--S. charlotte JB95
              |--S. cochleare JB95
              |--S. colossea Rainbow 1920 JB95
              |--S. cyanea JB95
              |--S. deserticola JB95
              |--S. formosa JB95
              |--S. fungina JB95
              |--S. harveyi Jocqué & Baehr 1995 JB95
              |--S. ignava JB95
              |--S. mainae Jocqué & Baehr 1995 JB95
              |--S. melanognatha van Hass 1882 T94
              |--S. metallica JB95
              |--S. nuga JB95
              |--S. procedens JB95
              |--S. recta JB95
              |--S. scita JB95
              `--S. sinuosa JB95

Zodariidae incertae sedis:
  Lutica Marx 1891 J01
  Diores Simon 1893 J01
  Habronestes bradleyi (Pickard-Cambridge 1869) MC13, C08
  Ranops expers (Pickard-Cambridge 1876) PO08
  Cybaeodamus R14
    |--C. meridionalis Lise, Ott & Rodrigues 2010 FM11
    `--C. taim R14
  Leprolochus birabeni Mello-Leitão 1942 FM11
  Amphiledorus ungoliantae Pekar & Cardoso 2005 F05
  Hermippus JD-S07
  Mallinella JD-S07
  Psammorygma JD-S07
  Caesetius JD-S07
  Trygetus Simon 1882 MG03
    |--*T. sexoculatus (Pickard-Cambridge 1872) MG03
    `--T. jacksoni Marusik & Guseinov 2003 MG03
  Minasteron minusculum Baehr & Jocqué 2000 T13
  Australutica MC13
  Neostorena MC13
  Cavasteron DH10
  Chilumena reprobans Jocqué 1995 DH10
  Euasteron carnarvon Baehr 2003 DH10
  Leptasteron platyconductor Baehr & Jocqué 2001 DH10
  Masasteron DH10
    |--M. gracilis Baehr 2004 DH10
    |--M. sampeyae Baehr 2004 DH10
    `--M. tealei Baehr 2004 DH10
  Nostera DH10
  Notasteron carnarvon Baehr 2005 DH10
  Pentasteron DH10
  Pseudasteron DH10
  Spinasteron DH10
    |--S. arenarium Baehr 2003 DH10
    |--S. barlee Baehr 2003 DH10
    |--S. longbottom Baehr 2003 DH10
    `--S. woodstock Baehr 2003 DH10
  Anniculus balticus Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
  Eocydrele mortua Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
  Dielecata P92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C08] Ceccarelli, F. S. 2008. Behavioral mimicry in Myrmarachne species (Araneae, Salticidae) from north Queensland, Australia. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 344–351.

[DH10] Durrant, B. J., M. S. Harvey, V. W. Framenau, R. Ott & J. M. Waldock. 2010. Patterns in the composition of ground-dwelling spider communities in the Pilbara bioregion, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1): 185–204.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[FM11] Freire-Jr, G. de B., & P. C. Motta. 2011. Effects of experimental fire regimes on the abundance and diversity of cursorial arachnids of Brazilian savannah (cerrado biome). Journal of Arachnology 39 (2): 263–272.

[J01] Jocqué, R. 2001. Chummidae, a new spider family (Arachnida, Araneae) from South Africa. Journal of Zoology 254: 481–493.

[JB95] Jocqué, R., & B. Baehr. 1995. A supplement to the revision of the Australian spider genus Storena (Araneae: Zodariidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 135–144.

[JD-S07] Jocqué, R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2007. Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa: Tervuren (Belgium).

[K55] Kraus, O. 1955. Spinnen von Korsika, Sardinien und Elba (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 371–394.

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[MG03] Marusik, Yu. M., & E. F. Guseinov. 2003. Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 1. New family and genus records. Arthropoda Selecta 12 (1): 29–46.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

[PO08] Pluess, T., I. Opatovsky, E. Gavish-Regev, Y. Lubin & M. H. Schmidt. 2008. Spiders in wheat fields and semi-desert in the Negev (Israel). Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 368–373.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[R14] Ramírez, M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1–374.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

[T94] Thorell, T. 1894. Förteckning öfver Arachnider från Java och närgränsande öar, insamlade af docenten D:r Carl Aurivillius; jemte beskrifingar å några sydasiatiska och sydamerikanska Spindlar. Bihang till K. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 20 pt 4 (4): 1–63.

Last updated: 23 January 2022.