Lomandraceae

Twining fringe-lily Thysanotus patersonii, copyright Tony Rodd.

Belongs within: Asparagales.

The Lomandraceae are a group of xeromorphic monocotyledons found in Australasia.

Characters (from PlantNET): Perennial herbs, rhizomatous; stem usually short. Leaves distichous, xeromorphic and tough, sheathing at base, more or less linear, dorsi-ventral, parallel-veined. Inflorescences generally on separate branches; branches elongate and more or less branched or consist of partial inflorescences or reduced to more or less globose heads. Flowers small and inconspicuous, actinomorphic, 3-merous and either bisexual or unisexual and then plants dioecious. Perianth in 2 whorls; tepals 6, free or basally fused, often dry and more or less scarious. Stamens 6, the inner 3 sometimes fused basally to inner tepals; filaments filiform; anthers basifixed or slightly dorsifixed, 2-locular, introrse and dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-locular; ovule 1 per loculus; style simple and short or 3-branched at apex. Fruit a loculicidal capsule.

Lomandraceae
    |--Sowerbaea DS04
    |    |--S. alliacea LK14
    |    |--S. juncea DS04
    |    `--S. laxiflora DS04
    `--+--Eustrephus latifolius DS04 [=Luzuriaga latifolia B78; incl. E. brownei B78, E. watsonianus B78]
       |    |--E. l. var. latifolius B78
       |    `--E. l. var. angustifolia [=E. angustifolius, Luzuriaga angustifolia] B78
       `--+--Arthropodium Br. 1810 DS04, ME70
          |    |--A. candidum Raoul 1844 (see below for synonymy) ME70
          |    |--A. capillipes GK00
          |    |--A. cirratum (Forst. f.) Br. 1822 [=Anthericum cirratum Forst. f. 1786] ME70
          |    |--A. dianellaceum B78
          |    |--A. minus B78
          |    |--A. paniculatum (see below for synonymy) B78
          |    `--A. preissii GK00
          `--Thysanotus DS04 [incl. Chlamyspermum B78]
               |  i. s.: T. arenarius GK00
               |         T. cymosus OS04
               |         T. sparteus GK00
               |         T. speckii G04
               |         T. spiniger DS04
               |--T. ser. Hexandrae B78
               |    |--T. anceps B78
               |    |--T. arbuscula B78
               |    |--T. asper B78
               |    |--T. baueri [incl. T. humilis] B78
               |    |--T. chrysantherus [incl. T. chinensis] B78
               |    |--T. dichotomus (see below for synonymy) B78
               |    |--T. exasperatus B78
               |    |--T. isantherus B78
               |    |--T. junceus [incl. Chlamysporum juncifolium] B78
               |    |--T. patersoni [incl. T. manglesianus, T. menziesii] B78
               |    |--T. scaber B78
               |    |--T. tenellus B78
               |    |--T. thyrsoideus B78
               |    `--T. tuberosus [incl. T. banksii, T. elatior, T. paniculatus, T. tuberosus var. parviflora] B78
               `--T. ser. Triandrae B78
                    |--T. drummondii B78
                    |--T. glaucus B78
                    |--T. multiflorus [incl. T. brevipes] B78
                    |    |--T. m. var. multiflorus B78
                    |    `--T. m. var. prolifer B78
                    |--T. pauciflorus B78
                    `--T. triandrus [=Ornithogalum triandrum; incl. T. hispidulus, T. nanus] B78

Lomandraceae incertae sedis:
  Lomandra LB91
    |--L. acicularis LK14
    |--L. banksii LB91
    |--L. caespitosa RL05
    |--L. collina GK00
    |--L. confertifolia B00
    |--L. densiflora B00
    |--L. effusa RL05
    |--L. fibrata B00
    |--L. filiformis B00
    |--L. glauca B00
    |--L. hermaphrodita RL05
    |--L. hystrix B00
    |--L. maritima SM06
    |--L. micrantha OS04
    |--L. multiflora B00
    |--L. nana B00
    |--L. nigricans GK00
    |--L. obliqua B00
    |--L. preissii RL05
    |--L. purpurea GK00
    |--L. sericea RL05
    |--L. sonderii RL05
    |--L. sororia B00
    |--L. spicata B00
    |--L. suaveolens OS04
    `--L. tropica LK14

Arthropodium candidum Raoul 1844 [incl. A. bulbosum Simpson 1952, A. ramulosum Colenso 1893, A. reflexum Colenso 1886] ME70

Arthropodium paniculatum [=Anthericum paniculatum, Phalangium paniculatum; incl. Arthropodium lindleyi, Anthericum milleflorum, An. pendulum, Arthropodium pendulum, Phalangium pendulum] B78

Thysanotus dichotomus [=Ornithogalum dichotomum; incl. T. deformis, T. divaricatus, T. elongatus, T. flexuosus, T. gracilis, T. intricatus, T. lindleyanus, T. sparteus, T. tenuis Lindl. 1838] B78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B78] Bentham, G. 1878. Flora Australiensis: A description of the plants of the Australian Territory vol. 7. Roxburghiaceae to Filices. L. Reeve & Co.: London.

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 1. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467–510.

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 6. Mt Manning Range. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 35–47.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[ME70] Moore, L. B., & E. Edgar. 1970. Flora of New Zealand vol. 2. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Monocotyledones except Gramineae. A. R. Shearer, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19–28.

[RL05] Rafferty, C., & B. B. Lamont. 2005. Selective feeding by macropods on vegetation regenerating following fire. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 155–165.

[SM06] Semeniuk, C. A., L. A. Milne, P. Ladd & V. Semeniuk. 2006. Pollen in the surface sediments of wetlands in the Becher Point area, southwestern Australia: a baseline for use in interpreting Holocene sequences. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (1): 27–43.

Ixieae

Ixia amethystina, from Lambley Nursery.

Belongs within: Iridaceae.

The Ixieae are a group of iridaceous plants in which the rootstock forms a corm; flowers are sessile, subtended basally by paired bracts, and usually arranged in distichous spikes.

<==Ixieae [Ixioideae]
    |--Gladiolus Linné 1753 M99, G77
    |    |--G. byzantinus HE80
    |    |--G. × cardinalis HE80
    |    |--G. caryophyllaceus RL05
    |    |--G. italicus [incl. G. seqetum] H93
    |    |--G. natalensis (Ecklon) Hooker 1831 [incl. G. psittacinus] HE80
    |    |--G. tristis H93
    |    `--G. undulatus Linnaeus 1767 [incl. G. cuspidatus] HE80
    `--Ixia MG06
         |  i. s.: I. maculata Linnaeus 1763 HE80
         |         I. paniculata HE80
         |         I. polystachya Linnaeus 1762 HE80
         `--I. sect. Dichone MG06
              |--I. amethystina Manning & Goldblatt 2006 MG06
              |--I. brevituba MG06
              |--I. curvata MG06
              `--I. trifolia MG06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G77] Geerinck, D. J. L. 1977. Iridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Series I—Spermatophyta, Flowering Plants 8 (2): 77–84.

[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. 3. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[MG06] Manning, J. C., & P. Goldblatt. 2006. New species of Iridaceae from the Hantam-Roggeveld Centre of Endemism, and the Bokkeveld, Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 36 (2): 139–145.

[M99] Matthews, M. 1999. Heliothine Moths of Australia: A guide to bollworms and related noctuid groups. CSIRO Publishing.

[RL05] Rafferty, C., & B. B. Lamont. 2005. Selective feeding by macropods on vegetation regenerating following fire. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 155–165.

Aloe

Plantings of Aloe vera, photographed by Wouter Hagens.

Belongs within: Alooideae.

Aloe is a genus of more or less succulent, spiny-leaved plants native to sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia.

Characters (from Healy & Edgar 1980): Acaulescent or caulescent, more or less succulent perennials, with or without offsets, stems if present simple or branched. Leaves usually sharp-pointed, margins sinuate-dentate, in rosettes. Racemes terminal or lateral, capitate to long-cylindrical, or inflorescence corymbose. Flowers showy, yellowish or reddish, more or less zygomorphic, pedicellate, bracts scarious; segments free or connate below into curved or straight tube, lobes spreading. Stamens 6, hypogynous, included or exserted. Ovary many-seeded. Capsule oblong to sub-globose. Seeds many, often winged.

Aloe Linnaeus 1753 [=Aloe sect. Grandiflorae Haworth 1804] TS03
    |--+--A. glauca TS03
    |  `--A. lineata TS03
    `--+--+--Chortolirion angolense TS03
       |  `--+--A. boylei TS03
       |     `--A. verecunda TS03
       `--+--+--A. striata TS03
          |  |    |--A. s. ssp. striata TS03
          |  |    `--A. s. ssp. karasbergensis TS03
          |  `--+--+--A. sinkatana TS03
          |     |  `--A. vera TS03
          |     |       |--A. v. var. vera K10
          |     |       `--A. v. var. officinalis K10
          |     `--+--A. forbesii TS03
          |        `--+--A. inermis TS03
          |           `--A. scobinifolia TS03
          `--+--Lomatophyllum TS03
             |    |--L. macrum TS03
             |    `--L. occidentale TS03
             `--+--A. conifera TS03
                `--+--A. bulbillifera TS03
                   `--+--A. deltoideodonta TS03
                      `--A. viguieri TS03

Aloe incertae sedis:
  A. africana TS03
  A. arborescens TS03
  A. argenticauda CV06
  A. asperifolia CV06
  A. corallina CV06
  A. dewinteri CV06
  A. dinteri CV06
  A. erinacea CV06
  A. ferox TS03
  A. greenii SC06
  A. hereroensis CV06
  A. littoralis B14
  A. merlotii TS03
  A. namibensis CV06
  A. omavandae CV06
  A. pachygaster CV06
  A. saponaria (Aiton) Haworth 1804 [incl. A. latifolia] HE80
  A. sladeniana CV06
  A. vanrooyenii SC06
  A. variegata TS03
  A. viridiflora CV06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. 3. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[K10] Keighery, G. 2010. The naturalised vascular plants of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1): 299–311.

[SC06] Smith, G. F., & N. R. Crouch. 2006. Asphodelaceae. Corrections to the eponymy and geographical distribution of Aloe vanrooyenii. Bothalia 36 (2): 174.

[TS03] Treutlein, J., G. F. Smith, B.-E. van Wyk & M. Wink. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships in Asphodelaceae (subfamily Aloooideae) inferred from chloroplast DNA sequences (rbcL, matK) and from genomic fingerprinting (ISSR). Taxon 52: 193–207.

Ophrys

Bee orchid Ophrys apifera, copyright Hans Hillewaert.

Belongs within: Orchidaceae.

Ophrys, the bee orchids, is a group of orchids in which the flower's labellum is modified to resemble a particular species of pollinating insect, thus attracting males of that species to act as pollinators when they attempt to copulate with the 'female'.

<==Ophrys
    |--O. apifera PT98
    |--O. aranifera H91
    |--O. ferrum-equinum PT98
    |--O. holoserica PT98
    |    |--O. h. ssp. holoserica PT98
    |    `--O. h. ssp. heterochila PT98
    |--O. insectifera BM76
    |--O. lutea PT98
    |    |--O. l. ssp. lutea PT98
    |    |--O. l. ssp. galilaea PT98
    |    `--O. l. ssp. minor PT98
    |--O. regis-ferdinandii PT98
    |--O. sphegodes PT98
    `--O. umbilicata PT98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M. & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255-260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: Flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95-116.

Orchidaceae

Slipper orchid Cryptostylis ovata, from here.

Belongs within: Liliidae.
Contains: Ophrys, Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae, Epidendroideae.

The Orchidaceae, orchids, are a diverse and distinctive group of plants in which the flowers commonly have the lower petal differentiated into a distinctive lip. Pollination often involves complex specialisations, attracting pollinators using visual and/or odour cues rather than by offering a nectar reward.

Characters (from Moore & Edgar 1970): Perennial, terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic herbs with rhizomes, tubers or thickened rootstocks. Aerial stem often swollen at base into pseudobulb, and often with adventitious or aerial roots. Leaves usually entire, often distichous, sheathing at base, sometimes reduced to scales. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, in spikes, racemes or panicles, or solitary. Perianth mostly petaloid, of six segments in two whorls, free or variously connate, occasionally joined to form a tube; the middle segment in each whorl usually different from the two lateral ones, the middle petal or labellum often differing greatly in size, shape or outgrowths (calli) from the others and usually directed downwards; nectary sometimes contained within a spur or sac from one or more of the perianth segments. Anthers and stigmas borne on a more or less erect, usually fleshy structure, the column. Anthers 1 or 2, bilocular, introrse, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen grains rarely free, usually aggregated in tetrads or larger groups (pollinia) that are mealy, waxy or quite hard and sometimes terminate in a sterile caudicle. Ovary inferior, unilocular with three parietal placentae (rarely trilocular); stigma borne on part of column facing labellum, of three or two lobes, the medium lobe sometimes represented by a small process, the rostellum, between the stigma and the anther; viscid areas (viscidia) sometimes associated with rostellum and to these pollinia become attached either directly or by a connecting strip of non-viscid rostellar or columnar tissue known as the stipe. Fruit usually a capsule dehiscing by three or six longitudinal slites. Seeds very numerous, minute, often elongated, without endosperm or differentiated embryo.

<==Orchidaceae [Diandrae, Orchidineae]
    |--Apostasioideae FR99
    |    |--Apostasia FR99
    |    `--Neuwiedia [Neuwiedioideae] FR99
    |         `--N. veratrifolia DS04
    `--+--Cypripedioideae FR99
       `--Monandrae [Neottieae] FR99
            |--+--Orchidoideae FR99
            |  `--+--Epidendroideae FR99
            |     `--Cryptostylis FR99
            |          |--C. leptochila G84
            |          |--C. ovata GK00
            |          `--C. subulata HE80
            `--Vanilloideae RG07
                 |  i. s.: Isotria verticillata DS04
                 |--+--Pogoniinae FR99
                 |  `--Cleistes RG07
                 `--Vanilleae FR99
                      |--Vanilla FR99
                      `--+--Epistephium FR99
                         `--Lecanorchis FR99

Orchidaceae incertae sedis:
  Cycnoches YY22
  Oecoclades maculata [=Angraecum maculatum; incl. A. monophyllum] C55
  Grammatophyllum speciosum Par03
  Spathoglottis Par03
    |--S. ixioides O88
    `--S. plicata Par03
  Arundina graminifolia Par03
  Phaius tankervilleae Par03
  Galeola Par03
    |--G. kuhlii Par03
    `--G. nudifolia Par03
  Pholidota Par03
    |--P. articulata Par03
    `--P. imbricata Par03
  Thrixspermum merguense Par03
  Acanthephippium parviflorum Par03
  Geodorum Par03
    |--G. citrinum P88
    `--G. densiflorum Par03
  Macodes petola Par03
  Oberonia Par03
    |--O. helferi Hooker 1888 BP03
    `--O. monstruosa Par03
  Peristylus Par03
    |--P. goodyeroides Par03
    |--P. gracilis Par03
    `--P. grandis Par03
  Taeniophyllum obtusum Par03, P88
  Trichotosia annulata Par03
  Vrydagzynea albida Par03
  Corymbis veratrifolia Par03
  Tainia P88
  Diphylax urceolata O88
  Galearis O88
    |--G. spathulata O88
    `--G. stracheyi O88
  Herminium O88
    |--H. duthiei O88
    |--H. josephii O88
    |--‘Ophrys’ lancea [=Spiranthes lancea] ME70
    |--H. macrophyllum O88
    |--H. monorchis O88
    `--H. pugioniforme O88
  Neottianthe calcicola O88
  Ponerorchis chusua O88
  Dactylorchis maculata HE80
  Ophrys PT98
  Anacamptis pyramidalis PT98
  Serapias vomeracea PT98
    |--S. v. ssp. vomeracea PT98
    `--S. v. ssp. laxiflora PT98
  Isabelia Barbosa-Rodrigues 1877 FT93
  Oligochaetochilus OS04
    |--O. muticus G04b
    |--O. pictus G04a
    |--O. sanguineus OS04
    |--O. sargentii G04b
    `--O. vittatus OS04
  Cyanicula OS04
    |--C. amplexans G04b
    |--C. deformis OS04
    `--C. sericea OS04
  Elythranthera OS04
    |--E. brunonis OS04
    `--E. emarginata GK00
  Leporella fimbriata OS04
  Cyrtostylis GK00
    |--C. huegelii GK00
    `--C. robusta GK00
  Gastrochilus flabelliformis [=Saccolabium flabelliformis Blatt. & McCann 1932] SBY02
  Pachystoma senile (Lindley) Reichenbach 1958 [=Apathuria senilis Lindley 1831] SBY02
  Leptoceras menziesii GK00
  Pyrorchis nigricans GK00
  Drakaea GK00
    |--D. glyptodon GK00
    `--D. livida GK00
  Paracaleana nigrita GK00
  Doritis FR99
  Pteroceras FR99
  Rimacola Rupp 1942 H49
    `--*R. ellipticus [=Lyperanthus ellipticus Brown 1810] H49
  Rhynchostylis retusa BB07
  Cleisostoma SR07
    |--C. duplicilobium (Smith) Garay 1972 (see below for synonymy) PO06
    `--C. tenuifolium SR07
  Cheirostylis chinensis BP05
    |--C. c. var. chinensis BP05
    `--C. c. var. glabra Bhaumik & Pathak 2005 BP05
  Limodorum abortivum H91
  Himantoglossum hircinum H91
  Luisia teratifolia Pau03
  Micropera Lindley 1832 [incl. Camarotis Lindley 1833] P06
    |--*M. pallida (Roxburgh) Lindley 1832 (see below for synonymy) P06
    |--M. mannii (Hooker) Tang & Wang 1951 (see below for synonymy) P06
    |--M. obtusa (Lindley) Tang & Wang 1951 (see below for synonymy) P06
    `--M. rostratum (Roxb.) Balakr. 1970 (see below for synonymy) P06
  Smithsonia P06
    |--*S. straminea P06
    `--‘Micropera’ maculata P06
  Odontoglossum H04
    |--O. naevium H04
    |--O. ramosissimum H04
    |--O. schroederianum H04
    `--O. wattianum H04
  Paphinia rugosa H04

Nomen nudum: Cyanicula gemmata Gibson & Keighery 2000 GK00

Cleisostoma duplicilobium (Smith) Garay 1972 [=Sarcanthus duplicilobium Smith 1907; incl. S. carinatus Rolfe ex Downnie 1925, Cleisostoma carinatum (Rolfe) Garay 1972] PO06

Micropera mannii (Hooker) Tang & Wang 1951 [=Sarochilus mannii Hooker 1890, Camarotis mannii (Hooker) King & Pantling 1898] P06

Micropera obtusa (Lindley) Tang & Wang 1951 [=Camarotis obtusa Lindley 1844, Sarcochilus obtusus (Lindley) Benth. ex Hooker 1890] P06

*Micropera pallida (Roxburgh) Lindley 1832 [=Aerides pallida Roxburgh 1814 (n. n.); incl. Camarotis apiculata Rchb.f. 1857, Micropera apiculata (Rchb.f.) Garay 1972, Sarcanthus apiculatus (Rchb.f.) Smith 1905, C. cochinchinensis Rchb.f. 1876, Micropera cochinchinensis (Rchb.f.) Tang & Wang 1951, Sarcochilus cochinchinensis (Rchb.f.) Nicols 1886, Saccolabium flaveolens Ridl. 1896, Sarcanthus roxburghii Hooker 1890, Saccolabium saxicolum Ridl. 1893] P06

Micropera rostratum (Roxb.) Balakr. 1970 [=Aerides rostratum Roxb. 1814 (n. n.), Camarotis rostratum (Roxb.) Rchb.f. 1864; incl. C. pallida (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859, C. purpurea Lindl. 1833, Micropera purpurea (Lindl.) Pradhan 1979, Sarcochilus purpureus (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hooker 1890] P06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB07] Baishya, A. K. & P. J. Bora. 2007. Cross community ethno-medico botany of Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve, Assam. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49 (1-4): 121-154.

[BP03] Bhaumik, M. & M. K. Pathak. 2003. Oberonia helferi Hook. f. (Orchidaceae)—a new record for India from Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45 (1-4): 217-220.

[BP05] Bhaumik, M. & M. K. Pathak. 2005. A new variety of Cheirostylis chinensis Rolfe var. glabra (Orchidaceae) from Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1-4): 183-184.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467-510.

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i-viii, 1-351.

[FR99] Freudenstein, J. V., & F. N. Rasmussen. 1999. What does morphology tell us about orchid relationships? – a cladistic analysis. American Journal of Botany 86: 225-248.

[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).

[G04a] Gibson, N. 2004a. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 6. Mt Manning Range. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 35-47.

[G04b] Gibson, N. 2004b. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 7. Middle and South Ironcap, Digger Rock and Hatter Hill. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 49-62.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323-402.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899-1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H49] Hatch, E. D. 1949. Lyperanthus antarcticus Hook. f. and the New Zealand forms of Gastrodia R. Br. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (2): 230-233.

[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. III. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255-260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[ME70] Moore, L. B. & E. Edgar. 1970. Flora of New Zealand vol. 2. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Monocotyledones except Gramineae. A. R. Shearer, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19-28.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: An introductory note. In The Himalayan Plants vol. 1 (H. Ohba & S. B. Malla, eds) The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19-46.

[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: Flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95-116.

[Par03] Partomihardjo, T. 2003. Colonisation of orchids on the Krakatau Islands. Telopea 10 (1): 299-310.

[Pau03] Paul, T. K. 2003. Botanical observations on the Purulia pumped storage hydropower project area, Bagmundi Hills, Purulia district, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45 (1-4): 121-142.

[P06] Phukan, S. 2006. The genus Micropera Lindl. (Orchidaceae) in India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48 (1-4): 165-174.

[PO06] Phukan, S. & N. Odyuo. 2006. Addition to Indian orchid flora—Cleistostoma duplicilobum (J. J. Sm.) Garay from Nagaland. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48 (1-4): 219-222.

[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.

[RG07] Ramírez, S. R., B. Gravendeel, R. B. Singer, C. R. Marshall & N. E. Pierce. 2007. Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator. Nature 448: 1042-1045.

[SR07] Sankar, R. V., K. Ravikumar, N. M. Ganesh Babu & D. K. Ved. 2007. Botany of Anapady MPCA, Palghat district, Kerala with special emphasis on species of conservation concern. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49 (1-4): 165-172.

[SBY02] Sardesai, M. M., M. P. Bachulkar & S. R. Yadav. 2002. Additions to the orchid flora of Maharashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 564-566.

[YY22] Yampolsky, C., & H. Yampolsky. 1922. Distribution of sex forms in the phanerogamic flora. Bibliotheca Genetica 3: 1-62.

Orchidinae

Three-toothed orchid Orchis tridentata, copyright Marco Klüber.

Belongs within: Orchidoideae.

The Orchidinae are a group of terrestrial orchids found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly around the Mediterranean and eastern Asia.

Characters (from Dressler 1993): Terrestrial, rarely saprophytic, generally with root-stem tuberoids, roots without velamen; stem slender. Leaves spiral, scattered or basal and clustered, convolute, soft herbaceous, nonarticulate. Inflorescence terminal, simple, of few to many spiral flowers. Flowers small to medium-large, resupinate; lip usually with a basal spur; column short or moderately long; anther erect, basally firmly united with column; two or four pollinia, sectile, with two basal, interlocular caudicles attached to two or one basal viscidia; exine of pollen grains variable; stigma entire, concave.

Orchidinae [Orchideae]
    |--Gymnadenia DO05
    |    |--G. conopsea DO05
    |    `--G. orchidis O88
    |--Platanthera RG07
    |    |--P. clavigera O88
    |    |--P. exelliana O88
    |    |--P. latilabris O88
    |    |--P. leptocaulon O88
    |    `--P. replicata RG07
    |--Dactylorhiza DO05
    |    |--D. aristata DO05
    |    |--D. incarnata DO05
    |    |--D. praetermissa DO05
    |    `--+--+--D. foliosa DO05
    |       |  `--D. maculata DO05
    |       `--+--D. fuchsii DO05
    |          `--D. saccifera DO05
    `--Orchis PT98
         |--O. anatolica PT98
         |--O. globosa C55
         |--O. militaris C55
         |--O. morio PT98
         |    |--O. m. ssp. morio PT98
         |    `--O. m. ssp. picta PT98
         |--O. sancta PT98
         `--O. tridentata H91

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[DO05] Devos, N., S.-H. Oh, O. Raspé, A.-L. Jacquemart & P. S. Manos. 2005. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence variation and evolution of spotted marsh-orchids (Dactylorhiza maculata group). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 568-580.

Dressler, R. L. 1993. Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Cambridge University Press.

[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255-260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: An introductory note. In The Himalayan Plants vol. 1 (H. Ohba & S. B. Malla, eds) The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19-46.

[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: Flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95-116.

[RG07] Ramírez, S. R., B. Gravendeel, R. B. Singer, C. R. Marshall & N. E. Pierce. 2007. Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator. Nature 448: 1042-1045.

Ornithogalum

Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum, from here.

Belongs within: Hyacinthaceae.

Ornithogalum is a genus of about 200 species of bulbous plant found in Africa and southern Asia. Species of Ornithogalum have previously been divided between a number of genera whose reciprocal monophyly has not been supported by molecular analysis, with characters previously separating genera representing floral specialisations to different pollinators (Manning et al. 2004).

Characters (from Manning et al. 2004): Deciduous or rarely evergreen; bulb subterranean or epigeal, subglobose or rarely poorly developed and rootstock rhizomatous, tunics sometimes scale-like or loosely overlapping, rarely fragmenting into wedge-shaped segments, usually white but rarely pinkish; outer bulb tunics membranous, papery or leathery. Leaves 1 to several, green or dry at flowering, erect or spreading, linear to oblong or filiform, sometimes very succulent, usually glabrous but sometimes pubescent or glandular-pubescent, margins smooth, ciliate, fringed, or hyaline, sheaths sometimes persistent and forming a papery or weakly to strongly fibrous, sometimes horizontally barred sheath around base of stem. Inflorescence a several- to many-flowered raceme, sometimes subcorymbose with shortened axis, or secund, usually solitary but sometimes more than one; peduncle rarely papillate; bracts membranous or leafy, small or large, not spurred; bracteoles usually lacking but sometimes thread-like and borne on alternate sides of pedicels at base; pedicels short or long. Flowers white, yellow, orange, or yellowish green, with or without darker keels, scented or unscented, sometimes closing at night or more rarely nocturnal, suberect, patent or nodding, rotate, campanulate or more or less tubular, rarely weakly zygomorphic; tepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate, persistent, more or less shortly united at base or less commonly united into a distinct tube, spreading to erect, sometimes with tips reflexed, sometimes weakly to markedly dimorphic, the inner sometimes erect and more or less connivent around stamens and style and cupped or hooded and papillate at tips or developing a fleshy apical knob or flap that can be conspicuously hinged, the outer sometimes with a caudate apical appendage; stamens suberect or lightly spreading, filaments free or rarely united below, fused to base of tepals or inserted at top of tube, filiform to lanceolate, all similar or inner usually broader, both whorls or more usually inner variously expanded or toothed below, rarely membranous and closely appressed to perianth when anthers apparently sessile; anthers of outer stamens sometimes smaller or vestigial or absent; ovary ovoid to globose or turbinate, sometimes shortly stipitate, rarely with 3 apical knobs, smooth or with distinct paraseptal crests; ovules few to many per locule; style vestigial to long, cylindrical and sometimes slightly deflexed or subcylindrical or more or less trigonous or prismatic and then strongly papillate; stigma small and 3-lobed or -angled or pyramidal to large and capitate and then distinctly papillate and sometimes fringed with longer papillae. Capsule fusiform, ovoid to globose, more or less 3-angled or -lobed, membranous or leathery, enclosed in dry perianth or exposed, dehiscing loculicidally; seeds few to many per locule, flattened or angled to discoid, sometimes stacked tightly one on top of another, black, testa tightly adhering. x = 9, other base numbers 12, 11, 8, 7, 6, 4.

<==Ornithogalum Linnaeus 1753 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--‘Eliokarmos’ flexuosum MGF04
    |--O. longibracteatum (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--‘Cathissa’ reverchonii MGF04
    |--O. sordidum MGF04
    |--O. tenuifolium Delaroche 1811 [=Stellarioides tenuifolium; incl. O. acuminatum Baker 1870] MGF04
    |--O. umbellatum Linnaeus 1753 MGF04, HE80 [incl. O. corymbosum Gaterau 1789 MGF04]
    |--+--O. etesiogaripense (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |  `--‘Stellarioides’ unifolium MGF04
    |--+--O. graminifolium [=Eliokarmos graminifolium; incl. O. brevifolium] MGF04
    |  `--‘Eliokarmos’ sardienii MGF04
    |--+--‘Stellarioides’ seinerii MGF04
    |  `--O. stapfii (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--+--O. filicaule Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |  |--O. rotatum [=Stellarioides rotatum] MGF04
    |  `--O. uitenhagense (Schönland) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--+--O. xanthochlorum [=Zahariadia xanthochlorum] MGF04
    |  `--+--O. candicans (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |     `--+--O. saundersiae [=Zahariadia saundersiae] MGF04
    |        `--O. viridiflorum (Verd.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--+--O. clavatum (Mast.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |  `--+--O. serotinum (Linnaeus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |     `--+--O. magnum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |        `--+--O. dipcadioides [incl. Dipcadi gracillimum non O. gracillimum Fries 1927] MGF04
    |           `--O. viride (Linnaeus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--+--‘Eliokarmos’ bicornutum MGF04
    |  |--‘Eliokarmos’ conicum MGF04
    |  |--‘Eliokarmos’ constrictum MGF04
    |  |--‘Eliokarmos’ fimbrimarginatum MGF04
    |  |--‘Eliokarmos’ hispidum MGF04
    |  `--‘Eliokarmos’ pruinosum MGF04
    `--+--+--O. abyssinicum (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
       |  `--O. amboense [=Albuca amboensis] MGF04
       `--+--O. subg. Osmyne [=Coilonox] MGF04
          |    |--‘Coilonox’ inapertum MGF04
          |    |--O. polyphyllum Jacq. 1795 [=Coilonox polyphyllum] MGF04
          |    `--O. suaveolens [=Coilonox suaveolens; incl. Anthericum albucoides, *C. albucoides] MGF04
          `--+--O. setosum (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
             `--+-- O. tortile Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
                `--+--O. clanwilliamae-gloria (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
                   `--O. shawii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04

Ornithogalum incertae sedis:
  *O. arabicum [=*Melomphis arabica] MGF04
  O. acutum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. albanense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. angolense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. aristatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. auratum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. bakerianum (Bolus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. battenianum (Hilliard & Burtt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. baurii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca baurii Baker 1897] MGF04
  O. bifoliatum (Dyer) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. boucheanum GR98
  O. bulbilliferum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. candidum CV06
  O. circinatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. collinum Guss. 1825 MGF04
  O. comosum H91
  O. concanense (Dalzell) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. concinnum [=*Cathissa concinna] MGF04
  O. convallarioides [=*Avonsera convallarioides] MGF04
  O. cooperi (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. cowanii (Perrier) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. cremnophilum (Van Jaarsv. & van Wyk) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. crinifolium (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. crispum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. crudenii (Archibald) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. dalyae (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca dalyae Baker 1903] MGF04
  O. decipiens (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. desertorum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. diphyllum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. divergens [incl. O. proliferum Jord. & Fourr. 1866] MGF04
  O. dividens Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. drakensbergense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. dubium [incl. O. aureum Curtis 1792] MGF04
  O. durandianum (Schinz) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. echinospermum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. englerianum (Krause & Dinter) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. erythraeum (Webb & Berthel.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. exuviatum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. falcatum (Lewis) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. fastigiatum (Dryand.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. fimbriatum [incl. O. ciliare Fischer ex Graham 1831] MGF04
  O. fimbrifolium Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. flaccidum (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. fleckii (Schinz) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. foetidum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. fragrans (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. glanduliferum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. glandulosum Oberm. 1978 MGF04
  O. glaucescens Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. goswinii (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. gracillimum Fries 1927 MGF04
  O. hallii (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. hereroense (Schinz) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. hesquaspoortense (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. heterocuspe (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. humile (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca humilis Baker 1895] MGF04
  O. hyacinthiflorum Bergius ex Schltdl. 1826 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. hyacinthoides (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. imbricatum (Leight.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. juncifolium Jacq. 1797 [=Eliokarmos juncifolium; incl. O. tortuosum Baker 1897] MGF04
  O. karasmontanum Monng & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. kirkii [=Albuca kirkii] MGF04
  O. lanatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. leucanthum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. longifolium (Lindley) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. longipes (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. macowanii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. maharashtrense (Deb & Dasgupta) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. marlothii Leight. 1945 MGF04
  O. maximum (Burm.f.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. minor (Hooker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi minor Hooker 1892] MGF04
  O. monophyllum Baker 1897 MGF04
  O. montanum Ten. 1810 [incl. O. platyphyllum Boiss. 1844] MGF04
  O. monticola Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. moylei Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. namaquense (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. namibiense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. narbonense PT98
  O. nelsonii (Br.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca nelsonii Br. 1880] MGF04
  O. nematophyllum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. nutans [=*Honorius nutans] MGF04
  O. oligophyllum [incl. O. bifolium Koch 1847] MGF04
  O. papillatum (Oberm.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. papyraceum (Manning & Goldblatt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. parvum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. patersoniae (Schönland) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. pendulum (Mathew) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. pilosum [incl. O. affine Schult.f. 1830] MGF04
  O. planifolium Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. princeps (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. pyramidale H91
  O. pyrenaicum [=*Loncomelos pyrenaicus] MGF04
  O. rautanenii CV06
  O. readii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. regale (Hilliard & Burtt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. reidii (Deb & Dasgupta) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. rigidifolium (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. robertsonianum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. rogersii Baker 1897 MGF04
  O. rupestre Linnaeus 1782 MGF04
  O. saxatilis Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. saxorum (Blatt.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. schlechteri (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. schoenlandii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. simile Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. sphaerocarpum PT98
  O. tenuis (Knudtzon) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. teretifolium Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. thermarum (Van Jaarsv.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. thyrsoides [=*Eliokarmos thyrsoides] MGF04
  O. trachyphyllum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. transvaalense (Mogg) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. tubiforme CV06
  O. turbinatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--O. t. var. turbinatum MGF04
    `--O. t. var. madrasicum (Barnes & Fischer) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. ursulae (Blatt.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--O. u. var. ursulae MGF04
    `--O. u. var. longiracemosum (Deb & Dasgupta) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. vaginatum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. viscosum (Linnaeus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. weberlingiorum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. wilsonii Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  O. xanthocodon (Hilliard & Burtt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04

Ornithogalum Linnaeus 1753 [incl. Albuca Linnaeus 1762, Avonsera Speta 1998, Cathissa Salisb. 1866, Coilonox Raf. 1837, Dipcadi Medik. 1790, Eliokarmos Raf. 1837, Galtonia Decaisne 1880, Honorius Gray 1821, Lindneria Durand & Lubbers 1899, Loncomelos Raf. 1837, Melomphis Raf. 1837 (nom. illeg.), Neopatersonia Schönland 1912, Pseudogaltonia (Kuntze) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl 1888, Stellarioides Medik. 1790, Zahariadia Speta in Kubitzki 1998 (nom. inv.); Dipcadieae, Ornithogaleae, Ornithogaloideae] MGF04

Ornithogalum abyssinicum (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca abyssinica Jacq. 1783] MGF04

Ornithogalum acutum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca acuminata Baker 1903 non O. acuminatum Baker 1870] MGF04

Ornithogalum albanense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca longifolia Baker 1903 non O. longifolium (Lindley) Manning & Goldblatt 2004] MGF04

Ornithogalum angolense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca monophylla Baker 1878 non O. monophyllum Baker 1897] MGF04

Ornithogalum aristatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca caudata Jacq. 1791 non O. caudatum Aiton 1789] MGF04

Ornithogalum auratum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca aurea Jacq. 1791 non O. aureum Curtis 1792] MGF04

Ornithogalum bakerianum (Bolus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi bakerianum Bolus 1881] MGF04

Ornithogalum battenianum (Hilliard & Burtt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca batteniana Hilliard & Burtt 1985] MGF04

Ornithogalum bifoliatum (Dyer) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca bifoliata Dyer 1931] MGF04

Ornithogalum bulbilliferum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca prolifera Wilson 1898 non O. proliferum Jord. & Fourr. 1866] MGF04

Ornithogalum candicans (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Hyacinthus candicans Baker in Saunders 1870, Galtonia candicans (Baker) Decaisne 1880] MGF04

Ornithogalum circinatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca spiralis Linnaeus 1782 non O. spirale Schinz 1896] MGF04

Ornithogalum clanwilliamae-gloria (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca clanwilliamae-gloria Müll.-Doblies 1995] MGF04

Ornithogalum clavatum (Mast.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Galtonia clavata Mast. 1884, Lindneria clavata (Mast.) Speta 1985, Pseudogaltonia clavata (Mast.) Phillips 1935; incl. *Lindneria fibrillosa, Hyacinthus pechuelii, *P. pechuelii] MGF04

Ornithogalum concanense (Dalzell) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Uropetalon concanense Dalzell 1850, Dipcadi concanense (Dalzell) Baker 1871] MGF04

Ornithogalum cooperi (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca cooperi Baker 1874] MGF04

Ornithogalum cowanii (Perrier) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi cowanii Perrier 1935] MGF04

Ornithogalum cremnophilum (Van Jaarsv. & van Wyk) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca cremnophila Van Jaarsv. & van Wyk 1999] MGF04

Ornithogalum crinifolium (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca crinifolia Bakder 1897] MGF04

Ornithogalum crispum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi crispum Baker 1871] MGF04

Ornithogalum crudenii (Archibald) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca crudenii Archibald 1956] MGF04

Ornithogalum decipiens (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca decipiens Müll.-Doblies 1995] MGF04

Ornithogalum desertorum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca reflexa Dinter & Krause 1914 non O. reflexum Freyn & Sint. 1894] MGF04

Ornithogalum diphyllum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca bifolia Baker 1903 non O. bifolium Koch 1847] MGF04

Ornithogalum dividens Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca paradoxa Dinter 1923 non O. paradoxum Jacq. 1796] MGF04

Ornithogalum drakensbergense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca rupestris Hilliard & Burtt 1985 non O. rupestre Linnaeus 1782] MGF04

Ornithogalum durandianum (Schinz) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi durandianum Schinz in Durand & Schinz 1895; incl. D. marlothii Engl. 1889 non O. marlothii Leight. 1945] MGF04

Ornithogalum echinospermum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca echinosperma Müll.-Doblies 1994] MGF04

Ornithogalum englerianum (Krause & Dinter) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca engleriana Krause & Dinter 1910] MGF04

Ornithogalum erythraeum (Webb & Berthel.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berthel. 1848] MGF04

Ornithogalum etesiogaripense (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca etesiogaripensis Müll.-Doblies 1995, Stellarioides etesiogaripensis] MGF04

Ornithogalum exuviatum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca exuviata Baker 1897] MGF04

Ornithogalum falcatum (Lewis) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Neopatersonia falcata Lewis 1952] MGF04

Ornithogalum fastigiatum (Dryand.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca fastigiata Dryand. 1784] MGF04

Ornithogalum filicaule Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Neopatersonia namaquensis Lewis 1952 non O. namaquense (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt 2004] MGF04

Ornithogalum fimbrifolium Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca ciliaris Müll.-Doblies 1994 non O. ciliare Fischer ex Graham 1831; incl. A. navicula Müll.-Doblies 1994] MGF04

Ornithogalum flaccidum (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca flaccida Jacq. 1791] MGF04

Ornithogalum fleckii (Schinz) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca fleckii Schinz 1896] MGF04

Ornithogalum foetidum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca foetida Müll.-Doblies 1995] MGF04

Ornithogalum fragrans (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca fragrans Jacq. 1797] MGF04

Ornithogalum glanduliferum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca glandulosa Baker 1875 non O. glandulosum Oberm. 1978] MGF04

Ornithogalum glaucescens Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca glauca Baker 1904 non O. glaucum Dethard. ex Schult.f. 1702] MGF04

Ornithogalum goswinii (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca goswinii Müll.-Doblies 1995] MGF04

Ornithogalum hallii (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca hallii Müll.-Doblies 1994] MGF04

Ornithogalum hereroense (Schinz) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca hereroensis Schinz 1896] MGF04

Ornithogalum hesquaspoortense (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca hesquaspoortensis Müll.-Doblies 1995] MGF04

Ornithogalum heterocuspe (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi heterocuspe Baker 1883] MGF04

Ornithogalum hyacinthiflorum Bergius ex Schltdl. 1826 [incl. Hyacinthus brevifolius Thunberg 1794 non O. brevifolium, Dipcadi brevifolium (Thunberg) Fourc. 1932] MGF04

Ornithogalum hyacinthoides (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi hyacinthoides Baker 1871] MGF04

Ornithogalum imbricatum (Leight.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca imbricata Leight. 1947; incl. A. juncifolia Baker 1876 non Ornithogalum juncifolium Jacq. 1797] MGF04

Ornithogalum karasmontanum Monng & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca karasbergensis Glover 1915 non O. karasbergense Glover 1915] MGF04

Ornithogalum lanatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca villosa Müll.-Doblies 1994 non O. villosum Kitton 1863] MGF04

Ornithogalum leucanthum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca leucantha Müll.-Doblies 1994] MGF04

Ornithogalum longibracteatum [=Stellarioides longibracteatum; incl. *S. canaliculata, Ornithogalum caudatum Aiton 1789, O. massonii Gmel. 1791] MGF04

Ornithogalum longifolium (Lindley) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Uropetalon longifolium Lindley 1826, Dipcadi longifolium (Lindley) Baker 1870] MGF04

Ornithogalum longipes (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca longipes Baker 1903] MGF04

Ornithogalum macowanii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca macowanii Baker 1897] MGF04

Ornithogalum magnum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi magnum Baker 1898; incl. Uropetalon glaucum Burch. ex Ker Gawl. 1816 non Ornithogalum glaucum Dethard. ex Schult.f. 1702, D. glaucum (Burch.) Baker 1871] MGF04

Ornithogalum maharashtrense (Deb & Dasgupta) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi maharashtrensis Deb & Dasgupta 1975, D. maharashtrense] MGF04

Ornithogalum maximum (Burm.f.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca maxima Burm.f. 1768; incl. *A. major] MGF04

Ornithogalum monticola Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca collina Baker 1897 non O. collinum Guss. 1825] MGF04

Ornithogalum moylei Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca rogersii Schönland 1914 non O. rogersii Baker 1897] MGF04

Ornithogalum namaquense (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca namaquensis Baker 1897] MGF04

Ornithogalum namibiense Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca dinteri Müll.-Doblies 1995 non O. dinteri Baker 1901] MGF04

Ornithogalum nematophyllum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca tenuifolia Baker in Saunders 1872 non O. tenuifolium Delaroche 1811] MGF04

Ornithogalum papillatum (Oberm.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi papillatum Oberm. 1964] MGF04

Ornithogalum papyraceum (Manning & Goldblatt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca papyracea Manning & Goldblatt 2000] MGF04

Ornithogalum parvum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca nana Schönland 1912 non O. nanum (Burm.f.) Thunberg 1794] MGF04

Ornithogalum patersoniae (Schönland) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca patersoniae Schönland 1910] MGF04

Ornithogalum pendulum (Mathew) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca pendula Mathew 1994] MGF04

Ornithogalum planifolium Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi platyphyllum Baker 1898 non O. platyphyllum Boiss. 1844] MGF04

Ornithogalum princeps (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Hyacinthus princeps Baker in Saunders 1870, *Galtonia princeps (Baker) Decaisne 1880] MGF04

Ornithogalum readii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi setosum var. readii Baker 1871, D. readii (Baker) Baker 1897; incl. D. ciliare (Zeyh. ex Harv.) Baker 1871 non Ornithogalum ciliare Fischer ex Graham 1831] MGF04

Ornithogalum regale (Hilliard & Burtt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Galtonia regalis Hilliard & Burtt 1986] MGF04

Ornithogalum reidii (Deb & Dasgupta) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi reidii Deb & Dasgupta 1978] MGF04

Ornithogalum rigidifolium (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi rigidifolium Baker 1871] MGF04

Ornithogalum robertsonianum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca robertsoniana Müll.-Doblies 1995] MGF04

Ornithogalum saxatilis Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca massonii Baker 1886 non O. massonii Gmel. 1791] MGF04

Ornithogalum saxorum (Blatt.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi saxorum Blatt. 1928] MGF04

Ornithogalum schlechteri (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca schlechteri Baker 1903] MGF04

Ornithogalum schoenlandii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca schoenlandii Baker 1903] MGF04

Ornithogalum serotinum (Linnaeus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Hyacinthus serotinus Linnaeus 1753, Dipcadi serotinum (Linnaeus) Medik. 1790] MGF04

Ornithogalum setosum (Jacq.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca setosa Jacq. 1797] MGF04

Ornithogalum shawii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca shawii Baker 1874] MGF04

Ornithogalum simile Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca affinis Baker 1903 non O. affine Schult.f. 1830] MGF04

Ornithogalum stapfii [=Stellarioides stapfii; incl. O. dinteri Baker 1901, O. karasbergense Glover 1915, O. spirale Schinz 1896] MGF04

Ornithogalum tenuis (Knudtzon) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca tenuis Knudtzon 1986] MGF04

Ornithogalum teretifolium Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca polyphylla Baker 1874 non O. polyphyllum Jacq. 1795] MGF04

Ornithogalum thermarum (Van Jaarsv.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca thermarum Van Jaarsv. 2003] MGF04

Ornithogalum tortile Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca tortuosa Baker 1897 non O. tortuosum Baker 1897] MGF04

Ornithogalum trachyphyllum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca trachyphylla Müll.-Doblies 1994] MGF04

Ornithogalum transvaalense (Mogg) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca transvaalensis Mogg 1947] MGF04

Ornithogalum turbinatum Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Uropetalon montanum Dalzell 1850 non O. montanum Ten. 1810, Dipcadi montanum (Dalzell) Baker 1871] MGF04

Ornithogalum turbinatum var. madrasicum (Barnes & Fischer) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi madrasicum Barnes & Fischer 1941, D. montanum var. madrasicum (Barnes & Fischer) Deb & Dasgupta 1978] MGF04

Ornithogalum uitenhagense (Schönland) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Neopatersonia uitenhagensis Schönland 1912] MGF04

Ornithogalum ursulae (Blatt.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi ursulae Blatt. 1928] MGF04

Ornithogalum ursulae var. longiracemosum (Deb & Dasgupta) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi ursulae var. longiracemosae Deb & Dasgupta 1975, D. ursulae var. longiracemosum] MGF04

Ornithogalum vaginatum (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Dipcadi vaginatum Baker 1898] MGF04

Ornithogalum viride (Linnaeus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Hyacinthus viridis Linnaeus 1762, Dipcadi viride (Linnaeus) Moench 1802] MGF04

Ornithogalum viridiflorum (Verd.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Galtonia viridiflora Verd. 1955] MGF04

Ornithogalum viscosum (Linnaeus) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca viscosa Linnaeus 1782] MGF04

Ornithogalum weberlingiorum (Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca weberlingiorum Müll.-Doblies 1995] MGF04

Ornithogalum wilsonii Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca corymbosa Baker 1886 non O. corymbosum Gaterau 1789] MGF04

Ornithogalum xanthocodon (Hilliard & Burtt) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Albuca xanthocodon Hilliard & Burtt 1985] MGF04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175-189.

[GR98] Greuter, W., & T. Raus (eds.) 1998. Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. Willdenowia 28: 163-174.

[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. III. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255-260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[MGF04] Manning, J. C., P. Goldblatt & M. F. Fay. 2004. A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60 (3): 533-568.

[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: Flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95-116.