Coccinelloidea

Ascetoderes sp., photographed by S. E. Thorpe.

Belongs within: Coleoptera.
Contains: Coccinellidae, Endomychidae, Corylophidae, Latridiidae, Cerylonidae.

The Coccinelloidea are a diverse clade of beetles supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses (McKenna et al. 2015).

<==Coccinelloidea [Tridigitati] MW15
    |--+--+--Coccinellidae MW15
    |  |  `--+--Endomychidae MW15
    |  |     `--Akalyptoischion [Akalyptoischiidae] MW15
    |  |          `--A. atrichos Andrews 1976 B14
    |  `--+--Sphaerosoma [Alexiidae] MW15
    |     |    `--S. carpathicum (Reitter 1883) B14
    |     `--+--Corylophidae MW15
    |        `--+--Merophysiidae [Holoparamecinae, Merophysiinae] RD77
    |           |    |--Holoparamecus depressus MW15, LB91
    |           |    `--Merophysia RD77
    |           `--Anamorphinae MW15
    |                |--Bystus MW15
    |                `--Micropsephodes lundgreni Leschen & Carlton 2000 B14
    `--+--Latridiidae MW15
       `--+--Murmidius [Murmidiinae] MW15
          |    `--M. ovalis LB91
          `--+--+--Cerylonidae MW15
             |  `--Discolomatidae [Notiophygidae] MW15
             |       |--Parmaschema basilewskyi John 1955 B14
             |       |--Aphanocephalus bimaculatus LB91
             |       `--Fallia MW15
             `--Bothrideridae MW15
                  |--Anommatus [Anommatinae] LB91
                  |    `--A. duodecimstriatus LB91
                  `--Bothriderinae B14
                       |--Bothrideres taeniatus B70
                       |--Pseudobothrideres conradsi Pope 1959 B14
                       |--Ascetoderes aequinus LB91
                       |--Deretaphrus LB91
                       `--Dastarcus confinis LB91, M86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[M86] Macleay, W. 1886. The insects of the Fly River, New Guinea, "Coleoptera". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 136–157.

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

Cerylonidae

Cerylon histeroides, copyright Dick Belgers.

Belongs within: Coccinelloidea.

The Cerylonidae are a group of small beetles found under bark of rotten logs and in decaying leaf litter where they probably feed on fungal hyphae and spores (Lawrence & Britton 1991).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Broadly ovate to narrowly elongate, slightly to strongly flattened, red to brown to black in colour (occasionally bicoloured), subglabrous or sparsely clothed with erect hairs. Antenna eight- to eleven-segmented, club almost always one- or two-segmented and compact (exceptionally three-segmented); fore coxae globose, trochantins concealed, fore coxal cavities open or closed internally and externally; mid coxae moderately to widely separated, cavities closed; hind coxae almost always widely separated; tarsi tri- or tetramerous; abdomen with five visible ventrites, all free, femoral lines often present on metasternum and/or ventrite 1. Larva elongate to broadly ovate and disc-like with lateral tergal processes on all thoracic and most abdominal segments and usually with granulate or tuberculate dorsal surface clothed with variously modified setae.

<==Cerylonidae B14
    |  i. s.: Pakalukia napo Ślipiński 1991 B14
    |         Glyptolopus B14
    |         Micruloma [Metaceryloninae] LB91
    |           `--M. minuta LB91
    |--+--Euxestinae LB91
    |  |    |--Protoxestus australicus LB91
    |  |    |--Euxestus LB91
    |  |    `--Hypodacnella LB91
    |  `--+--Xylariophilus [Xylariophilinae] MW15
    |     `--Teredinae LB19
    |          |--Sosylus spectabilis Grouvelle 1914 B14
    |          `--Teredolaemus leae MW15, LB91
    `--+--Ostomopsis MW15
       `--Ceryloninae LB91
            |--Cerylonopsis alienigenus LB91
            |--Cautomus mirabilis LB91
            |--Australiorylon longipilis LB91
            |--Mychocerus LB91
            |--Philothermus MW15
            |--Aculagnathus [Aculagnathidae] B74
            |    `--A. mirabilis B70
            `--Cerylon Latreille 1802 L02
                 |--*C. terebrans [=Lyctus terebrans] L02
                 |--C. alienigerum B70
                 `--C. histeroides [=Cis (Cerylon) histeroides] G20

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[B74] Britton, E. B. 1974. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 62–89. Melbourne University Press.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.

Sukunahikonini

Scymnomorphus fulvus, from CSIRO.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Sukunahikonini are a circumtropical group of minute ladybird beetles with long, geniculate maxillary palps (Ślipiński 2007).

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Body minute (1–3 mm), moderately to strongly convex with head in repose deflexed and fitting closely under prosternum; dorsum usually with apparent dorsal vestiture. Head transverse, ventrally flattened, often with clypeal and frontal regions prominent anteriorly; clypeus emarginate around exposed antennal insertions, ventral side with short antennal groove accomodating scape and pedicel along inner margin of eye. Mandible small, triangular with single apical tooth and no mola; maxillary palp long, geniculate; terminal palpomere elongate and conical; labial palps slender, narrowly separated at base, inserted on distal end of prementum. Antenna 8- to 10-segmented with 1–3-segmented club. Pronotum almost always with line or ridge separating anterior corners from pronotal disc, often extending along lateral edge. Prosternum strongly reduced and narrow; prosternal process reduced to short triangular piece or narrow carina. Winged or wingless; wing with reduced venation, never with anal lobe. Elytral punctures sometimes in apparent rows; epipleuron narrow, usually incomplete apically, without cavities; lateral part of elytron often with carina parallel to lateral margin. Abdomen with five or six ventrites; ventrite 1 distinctly longer than 2. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, usually with associated oblique dividing line, pits and pores. Tegmen asymmetrical, parameres short to reduced with one or more setae apically. Ovipositor triangular, elongate, lightly sclerotised bearing short styli; spermatheca small and well sclerotised, multi-cameral.

<==Sukunahikonini S07
    |--Hikonasukuna Sasaji 1967 S07
    |--Orculus S07
    |--Pharellus Sicard 1928 S07
    |    |--*P. minutissimus Sicard 1928 S07
    |    |--P. glabratus Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
    |    `--P. popei Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
    |--Paraphellus Chazeau 1981 S07
    |    |--*P. pacificus Chazeau 1981 S07
    |    |--P. magnopunctatus Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
    |    `--P. rostratus (Lea 1929) [=Scymnus rostratus] S07
    `--Scymnomorphus Weise 1897 [=Scotoscymnus Weise 1901; incl. Sukunahikona Kamiya 1960] S07
         |--*S. rotundatus Weise 1897 [=*Scotoscymnus rotundatus] S07
         |--S. fulvus Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
         |--S. hirtus Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
         |--S. japonicus (Kamiya 1960) [=*Sukunahikona japonica] S07
         |--S. ker Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
         |--S. luteus Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
         |--S. storeyi Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2005 S07
         `--S. subevanidus (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus subevanidus] S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Serangiini

Citrus whitefly ladybird Serangium maculigerum, copyright Tim Holmes.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Serangiini are a pantropical group of minute ladybird beetles that are predatory on whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) (Ślipiński 2007).

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Body minute, 0.8–3.5 mm, hemispherical with head in repose withdrawn into prothorax and deflexed, ventrally fitting closely against the prominent prosternal lobe. Clypeus deeply emarginate around exposed antennal insertions; ventral side with antennal groove accomodating scape and pedicel along inner margin of eye. Maxillary palps geniculate with terminal palpomere always longer than wide, conical or barrel-shaped; labial palps slender, narrowly separated at base, inserted on distal end of prementum. Antenna eight- or nine-segmented with large, flattened, one-segmented club. Pronotum without distinct line separating anterior corners from pronotal disc. Prosternum strongly prominent, medially forming broad lobe concealing mouthparts from below, deeply notched laterally to accomodate antennal club; prosternal process rounded apically, triangular, broadly and completely separating procoxae. Elytral epipleuron with clearly delimited cavities receiving apices of mid and hind femora. Abdomen with five ventrites; ventrite 1 and 5 much longer than 2–4; hind margin of terminal ventrite sometimes finely crenulate. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete but reaching lateral margin of ventrite, without associated pits or pores. Tarsus three- or four-segmented. Male genitalia with tegmen strongly asymmetrical, parameres distinctly reduced, fused with penis guide bearing sparse setae apically. Female genitalia with ovipositor triangular elongate, lightly sclerotised usually bearing short styli; spermatheca small and well sclerotised. Larva: Length 2–4 mm; body fusiform; cuticle of thorax and abdomen finely and densely granulate and pubescent. Head weakly transverse with frontal arms joined at base, lyriform, strongly divergent anteriorly; epicranial stem absent; median endocarina absent. Antenna composed of three sclerotised segments; segment 3 as long as 2. Mandible simple, triangular with single apex and blunt non-projected molar area. Maxillary mala slender, distinctly narrowing apically (almost falcate). Maxillary palps three-segmented, much longer than mala; labial palps two-segmented. Thoracic tergites with transverse warts. Legs short and slender; apex of tibiotarsus with pair of flattened and frayed setae; claw with distinct basal tooth. Abdomen without defence gland openings, with single setae only. Pupa without urogomphi.

<==Serangiini S07
    |--Delphastus pusillus S07, LS96
    `--Serangium Blackburn 1889 [incl. Catana Chapin 1940, Semichnoodes Weise 1892] S07
         |--*S. mysticum Blackburn 1889 [incl. S. hirtuosum Blackburn 1892, S. maestum Lea 1902, S. nigrum Lea 1902] S07
         |--S. bellum Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07
         |--‘*Catana’ clauseni Chapin 1940 S07
         |--S. coxale Weise 1923 S07
         |--S. glorious Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07
         |--S. howdenorum Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07
         |--‘*Semichnoodes’ kunowi Weise 1892 S07
         |--S. maculigerum Blackburn 1892 [incl. S. bicolor Blackburn 1895] S07
         |--S. magnum Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07
         |--S. microscopicum Lea 1902 S07
         |--S. monteithi Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07
         |--S. nitidum Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07
         |--S. sculptum Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07
         `--S. yam Ślipiński & Burckhardt 2006 S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LS96] Liu, T.-X., & P. A. Stansly. 1996. Morphology of Nephaspis oculatus and Delphastus pusillus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), predators of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 292–300.

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Coccidulini

Rhyzobius litura, copyright Mark Gurney.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Coccidulini are a diverse, poorly characterised group of hairy ladybird beetles.

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Dorsum distinctly pubescent; tegmen symmetrical; penis guide symmetrical; ovipositor bearing rather elongate, triangular coxites.

<==Coccidulini [Exoplectrini, Rhyzobiini, Scymninae, Scymnini, Stethorini] S07
    |--Planorbata S07
    |--Exoplectra Dejean 1836 S07
    |--Zenoria S07
    |--Midus quadristrilatus S07
    |--Oryssomus S07
    |--Neoryssomus S07
    |--Rhizoryssomus S07
    |--Coccidula Kugelann 1798 S07
    |    `--C. rondensis Eizaguirre 2004 F05
    |--Guillermo Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*G. minutus Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Iracilda Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*I. limae Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Lucialla Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*L. almeidae Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Nat Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*N. vandenbergae Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Poorani Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*P. serrata Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Robert Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*R. popei Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Roger Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*R. boothi Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Rhynchortalia Crotch 1874 S07
    |    `--*R. insueta Crotch 1874 S07
    |--Hypoceras Chapuis 1876 S07
    |    `--*H. mulsanti Chapuis 1876 S07
    |--Erithionyx Blackburn 1892 S07
    |    |--*E. lanosus (Blackburn 1892) [=Rhizobius lanosus] S07
    |    `--E. albatus Lea 1902 S07
    |--Wioletta Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    |--*W. elongatula (Crotch 1874) [=Rhizobius elongatulus] S07
    |    `--W. subfusca (Blackburn 1889) [=Rhizobius subfuscus] S07
    |--Parastethorus Pang & Mao 1975 S07
    |    |--*P. yunnanensis (Pang & Mao 1975) [=Stethorus (*Parastethorus) yunnanensis] S07
    |    |--P. histrio (Chazeau in Chazeau, Étienne & Fürsch 1974) (see below for synonymy) S07
    |    |--P. nigripes (Kapur 1948) [=Stethorus nigripes; incl. S. loxtoni Britton & Lee 1972] S07
    |    `--P. obscuripennis (Lea 1929) [=Scymnus obscuripennis, Stethorus (Parastethorus) obscuripennis] S07
    |--Cryptolaemus Mulsant 1853 S07
    |    |--*C. montrouzieri Mulsant 1853 S07
    |    |    |--C. m. montrouzieri S07
    |    |    `--C. m. simplex Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    |--C. affinis Crotch 1874 S07
    |    `--C. violaceus S07
    |--Apolinus Pope & Lawrence 1990 [=Platyomus Mulsant 1853 (preoc.)] S07
    |    |--*A. lividigaster (Mulsant 1853) [=*Platyomus lividigaster, Scymnodes (*Apolinus) lividigaster] S07
    |    |--A. chappuisi (Weise 1923) [=Scymnodes chappuisi] S07
    |    |--A. cribratus (Blackburn 1895) [=Platyomus cribratus] S07
    |    |--A. rotundus (Blackburn 1889) [=Eupalea rotunda] S07
    |    |--A. spilotus (Weise 1923) [=Scymnodes spilotus] S07
    |    `--A. terminalis (Blackburn 1895) [=Platyomus terminalis] S07
    |--Bucolus Mulsant 1850 [incl. Bucolinus Blackburn 1892] S07
    |    |--*B. fourneti Mulsant 1850 S07
    |    |--B. convexus Blackburn 1892 S07
    |    |--B. frater Blackburn 1895 S07
    |    |--B. nigripes Lea 1902 S07
    |    |--B. nuytsiae Lea 1902 S07
    |    |--B. obscurus Lea 1902 S07
    |    |--B. posticalis Blackburn 1895 S07
    |    `--B. stragulatus (Erichson 1842) (see below for synonymy) S07
    |--Scymnodes Blackburn 1889 [incl. Dolinus Weise 1923] S07
    |    |--*S. difficilis Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    |--S. baccaeformis (Blackburn 1895) [=Platyomus baccaeformis] S07
    |    |--S. bellus Pope & Lawrence 1990 S07
    |    |--S. consimilis (Blackburn 1895) [=Platyomus consimilis] S07
    |    |--S. fulvipes Weise 1923 [=S. (*Dolinus) fulvipes] S07
    |    |--S. koebelei Blackburn 1892 (see below for synonymy) S07
    |    |--S. maculiger Weise 1923 [=S. (Dolinus) maculiger] S07
    |    |--S. obscuricollis (Blackburn 1895) [=Platyomus obscuricollis] S07
    |    |--S. styx (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus styx] S07
    |    `--S. tristis Weise 1923 [=Scymnodes (Dolinus) tristis] S07
    |--Rodatus Mulsant 1850 S07
    |    |--*R. bajulus (Mulsant 1850) [=Rhizobius (*Rodatus) bajulus] S07
    |    |--R. australis (Blackburn 1889) [=Rhizobius australis] S07
    |    |--R. bakewelli Crotch 1874 S07
    |    |--R. boucardi Crotch 1874 S07
    |    |--R. carinifex (Mulsant 1850) (see below for synonymy) S07
    |    |--R. crotchi (Blackburn 1895) [=Rhizobius crotchi] S07
    |    |--R. depressus Weise 1895 S07
    |    |--R. major (Blackburn 1889) [=Rhizobius major] S07
    |    |--R. nigronotatus (Blackburn 1892) [=Rhizobius nigronotatus] S07
    |    |--R. ornatipennis (Blackburn 1892) [=Rhizobius ornatipennis] S07
    |    `--R. proprius (Blackburn 1889) [=Rhizobius discolor var. proprius] S07
    |--Stethorus Weise 1885 [incl. Allostethorus Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1972] S07
    |    |--S. punctillum Weise 1891 [incl. Coccinella minima Rossi 1794, *S. minimus] S07
    |    |--S. aethiops P01
    |    |--S. amurensis Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1972 [=S. (*Allostethorus) amurensis] S07
    |    |--S. bifidus BC01
    |    |--S. fenestralis Houston 1980 S07
    |    |--S. gilvifrons Gu01
    |    |--S. keralicus Gu01
    |    |--S. madecassus S07
    |    |--S. nanus VC07
    |    |--S. parcempunctatus Gu01
    |    |--S. pauperculus Gu01
    |    |--S. punctum VC07
    |    |    |--S. p. punctum JPW07
    |    |    `--S. p. picipes JPW07
    |    |--S. tetranychi Gu01
    |    |--S. utilis VC07
    |    `--S. vagans (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus vagans] S07
    |--Scymnus Kugelann 1794 (see below for synonymy) S07
    |    |--*S. nigrinus Kugelann 1794 S07
    |    |--S. ambulans Blackburn 1895 S07
    |    |--S. angusticollis Fauvel 1903 [=S. (*Caledonus) angusticollis] S07
    |    |--S. arugineus Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    |--S. asperses Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    |--S. australis Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    |--S. binaevatus Go01
    |    |--‘Nephus’ bisignatus S07
    |    |--S. castroemi Go01
    |    |--S. compositus Lea 1902 S07
    |    |--S. duplopunctulatus (Blackburn 1892) [=*Scymnomorpha duplopunctulata] S07
    |    |--S. ferrugatus C01
    |    |--S. flavohirtus Broun 1880 [incl. *Adoxellus concinnus Weise 1895] S07
    |    |--S. gracilis Gu01
    |    |--S. hoffmanni Weise 1879 [=S. (*Neopullus) hoffmanni] S07
    |    |--S. impexus [=S. (Pullus) impexus] S07
    |    |--S. loewi WFS04
    |    |--‘*Didion’ longulum Casey 1899 S07
    |    |--S. mareebensis Blackburn 1895 S07
    |    |--S. marinus Mulsant 1850 (see below for synonymy) S07
    |    |--S. mitior Blackburn 1895 S07
    |    |--S. mjoebergi (Weise 1923) [=Pullus mjoebergi] S07
    |    |--S. morelleti Go01
    |    |--S. oscillans Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    |--S. parallelus Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    |--S. pectoralis Lea 1902 S07
    |    |--S. pirikamenoko Kamiya 1961 [=S. (*Nipponopullus) pirikamenoko] S07
    |    |--S. pretiosus Blackburn 1892 S07
    |    |--S. punctillum C01
    |    |--S. pygmaeus (Blackburn 1892) [=Midus pygmaeus, Rhizobius pygmaeus] S07
    |    |--S. quadrimaculatus (Herbst 1783) [=Sphaeridium quadrimaculatum, Sc. (*Nephus) quadrimaculatus] S07
    |    |--S. queenslandicus Blackburn 1892 S07
    |    |--S. rosenhaueri Go01
    |    |--S. rufomarginatus K09
    |    |--S. sublatus Blackburn 1892 S07
    |    |--S. subvillosus (Goeze 1777) [=Coccinella subvillosa, S. (*Pullus) subvillosus] S07
    |    |--S. terraereginae Blackburn 1895 S07
    |    |--S. varipes Blackburn 1895 S07
    |    |--S. victoriensis Blackburn 1892 S07
    |    |--S. vittipennis Lea 1902 S07
    |    `--S. yarrensis Blackburn 1895 S07
    |--Nephaspis oculatus [incl. N. amnicola] LS96
    `--Rhyzobius Stephens 1829 [=Rhizobiellus Oke 1951, Rhizobius Agassiz 1846; incl. Lindorus Casey 1899] S07
         |--*R. litura (Fabricius 1781) [=Nitidula litura, *Rhizobiellus litura] S07
         |--R. alphabeticus Lea 1902 [=Rhizobius alphabeticus] S07
         |--R. apicalis Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius apicalis] S07
         |--R. approximatus Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius approximatus] S07
         |--R. aurantii Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius aurantii] S07
         |--R. bilineatus Weise 1923 [=Rhizobius bilineatus] S07
         |--R. breweri Crotch 1874 [=Rhizobius breweri] S07
         |--R. caecus Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius caecus] S07
         |--R. coerulens Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius coerulens] S07
         |--R. confinis Lea 1902 [=Rhizobius confinis] S07
         |--R. corticalis Lea 1902 [=Rhizobius corticalis] S07
         |--R. cyaneus Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius cyaneus] S07
         |--R. debilis Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius debilis, Scymnus minusculus Korschefsky 1931] S07
         |--R. discipennis Blackburn 1895 [=Rhizobius discipennis] S07
         |--R. discoidalis Weise 1923 [=Rhizobius discoidalis] S07
         |--R. discolor (Erichson 1842) [=Scymnus discolor, Rhizobius discolor] S07
         |--R. dorsalis Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius dorsalis] S07
         |--R. eminens Blackburn 1895 [=Rhizobius eminens] S07
         |--R. ephippatus Weise 1923 [=Rhizobius ephippatus] S07
         |--R. erythrogaster Lea 1929 [=Rhizobius erythrogaster] S07
         |--R. evansii Mulsant 1850 [=Rhizobius evansii] S07
         |--R. fagus WFS04
         |--R. fasciculatus Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius fasciculatus] S07
         |--R. filicis Lea 1929 [=Rhizobius filicis] S07
         |--R. forestieri (Mulsant 1853) [=Platyomus forestieri] S07
         |--R. fugax Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius fugax] S07
         |--R. gosfordensis Blackburn 1895 [=Rhizobius gosfordensis] S07
         |--R. hirtellus Crotch 1874 [=Rhizobius hirtellus; incl. Rhizobius ruficollis Blackburn 1889] S07
         |--R. insipidus Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius insipidus] S07
         |--R. kingensis Lea 1908 [=Rhizobius kingensis] S07
         |--R. laeticulus Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius laeticulus] S07
         |--R. lindi Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius lindi] S07
         |--R. lorophanthae (Blaisdell 1892) (see below for synonymy) S07
         |--R. nigrovarius Lea 1908 [=Rhizobius nigrovarius] S07
         |--R. nitidus Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius nitidus] S07
         |--R. noctuabundus Lea 1914 [=Rhizobius noctuabundus] S07
         |--R. occidentalis Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius occidentalis] S07
         |--R. plebejus Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius plebejus] S07
         |--R. pulcher Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius pulcher] S07
         |--R. satelles Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius satelles] S07
         |--R. secessus Blackburn 1896 [=Rhizobius secessus] S07
         |--R. speculifer Blackburn 1892 [=Rhizobius speculifer] S07
         |--R. speratus Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius speratus] S07
         |--R. subaustralis Blackburn 1895 [=Rhizobius subaustralis] S07
         |--R. subhirtellus Lea 1926 [=Rhizobius subhirtellus] S07
         |--R. submetallicus Crotch 1874 [=Rhizobius submetallica] S07
         |--R. umbratus Blackburn 1889 [=Rhizobius umbratus] S07
         |--R. ventralis (Erichson 1842) [=Scymnus ventralis, Rhizobius ventralis; incl. S. restitutor Sharp 1889] S07
         |--R. virgatus Lea 1902 [=Rhizobius virgatus] S07
         |--R. viridipennis Lea 1929 [=Rhizobius viridipennis] S07
         |--R. vulgaris Weise 1923 [=Rhizobius vulgaris] S07
         |--R. waterhousei (Mulsant 1850) [=Scymnus waterhousii] S07
         `--R. xanthurus Mulsant 1850 [=Rhizobius xanthurus; incl. Rhizobius tricolor Lea 1902] S07

Bucolus stragulatus (Erichson 1842) [=Scymnus stragulatus, Midus stragulatus; incl. Rhizobius blackburni Lea 1908, *Bucolinus longicornis Blackburn 1892] S07

Parastethorus histrio (Chazeau in Chazeau, Étienne & Fürsch 1974) [=Stethorus histrio; incl. S. incompletus Whitehead in Chazeau 1979 (n. n.)] S07

Rhyzobius carinifex (Mulsant 1850) [=Rhizobius (Rodatus) carinifex; incl. Rh. calomeloides Lea 1902, Eupalea foveiventris Mulsant 1853] S07

Rhyzobius lorophanthae (Blaisdell 1892) [=Scymnus lorophanthae, *Lindorus lorophanthae; incl. Rhizobius toowoombae Blackburn 1892] S07

Scymnodes koebelei Blackburn 1892 [=Platyomus (Scymnodes) koebelei; incl. S. koebelei var. eugeniae Blackburn 1892, P. (S.) eugeniae, S. koebelei var. fulvohirtus Blackburn 1892, P. (S.) fulvohirtus, S. koebelei var. immaculatus Blackburn 1892, P. (S.) immaculatus, S. koebelei var. varipes Blackburn 1892] S07

Scymnus Kugelann 1794 [incl. Adoxellus Weise 1895, Caledonus Bielawski 1973, Didion Casey 1899, Mimopullus Fürsch 1987, Neopullus Sasaji 1971, Nephus Mulsant 1846, Nipponopullus Kamiya 1961, Pullus Mulsant 1846, Scymnomorpha Blackburn 1892] S07

Scymnus marinus Mulsant 1850 [incl. S. (Pullus) mediterraneus Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1972, S. (*Mimopullus) mediterraneus] S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC01] Briese, D. T., & J. M. Cullen. 2001. The use and usefulness of mites in biological control of weeds. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 453–463. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[Go01] Gorham, H. S. 1901. Descriptions of genera and species of Coleoptera from South Africa (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 401–415.

[Gu01] Gupta, S. K. 2001. A conspectus of natural enemies of phytophagous mites and mites as potential biocontrol agents of agricultural pests in India. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 484–497. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[JPW07] James, D. G., T. S. Price & L. C. Wright. 2007. Biological control of mites on hops: the assemblage approach. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 357–364. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[K09] Köhler, G. 2009. Heuschrecken (Saltatoria) und Ohrwürmner (Dermaptera) im Immissionsgebiet des Düngemittelwerkes Steudnitz/Thüringen—eine Langzeitstudie (1978–2001). Mauritiana 20 (3): 601–646.

[LS96] Liu, T.-X., & P. A. Stansly. 1996. Morphology of Nephaspis oculatus and Delphastus pusillus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), predators of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 292–300.

[P01] Pringle, K. L. 2001. Biological control of tetranychid mites in South African apple orchards. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 429–435. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

[VC07] Villanueva, R. T., & C. C. Childers. 2007. Insect predators of eriophyids on Florida citrus including a new predacious Lepidoptera and two cecidomyiids. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 391–395. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[WFS04] Winks, C. J., S. V. Fowler & L. A. Smith. 2004. Invertebrate fauna of boneseed, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (L.) T. Norl. (Asteraceae: Calenduleae), an invasive weed in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 27: 61–72.

Epilachna

Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis, copyright Judy Gallagher.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

Epilachna is a cosmopolitan genus of larger, hairy ladybird beetles, all species of which are herbivorous.

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Length 5–10 mm. Head exposed; body oval and distinctly convex; winged; dorsum uniformly hairy. Elytra yellow to black, usually with distinct colour pattern. Eyes broadly separated, not emarginate. Antenna ten- or eleven-segmented; slightly shorter than head capsule; antennal club three-segmented, asymmetrical; antennal insertions distinct on frons. Mandible multidentate apically; terminal maxillary palpomere strongly securiform; mentum trapezoidal, narrowing anteriorly. Pronotal disc evenly convex to narrowly upturned external borders. Prothoracic hypomeron without fovea near anterior angles; prosternum long in front of coxae, arcuate; prosternal process narrow without distinct carinae. Anterior margin of mesoventrite weakly emarginate medially. Elytral epipleuron complete, not foveate. Protibia not angulate externally. Tibial spur formula 1-2-2; claws slit with additional basal tooth. Abdominal procoxal line recurved and almost complete.

<==Epilachna Chevrolat in Dejean 1836 (see below for synonymy) S07
    |--*E. borealis (Fabricius 1775) [=Coccinella borealis] S07
    |--E. boisduvali Mulsant 1850 (see below for synonymy) S07
    |--E. canina [incl. E. dregei] G01
    |--E. chrysomelina [=Coccinella chrysomelina; incl. C. bifasciata] G01
    |--E. corrupta WZ10
    |--E. cupicola G01
    |--E. dawkinsi Li 1993 S07
    |--‘Coccinella’ flavicollis Thunberg 1781 [=*Afissa flavicollis] S07
    |--E. galerucinoides Korschefsky 1934 [=E. (Solanophila) galerucinoides] S07
    |--E. godarti G01
    |--E. guttatopustulata (Fabricius 1775) (see below for synonymy) S07
    |--E. hirta [incl. E. insidiosa] G01
    |--E. infirma G01
    |--E. mexicana (Guérin-Méneville 1844) B14
    |--E. mjoebergi Weise 1923 [=Henosepilachna mjoebergi] S07
    |--E. paykulli G01
    |--E. punctipennis G01
    |--E. pustulosa TS01
    |--‘Henosepilachna’ signatipennis B88
    |--E. suffusa Crotch 1874 [=Henosepilachna suffusa; incl. E. terraereginae Blackburn 1895] S07
    |--E. sumbana Bielawski 1959 [incl. E. cucurbitae Richards 1983, Henosepilachna cucurbitae] S07
    |--E. urvillei Mountrouzier 1861 (see below for synonymy) S07
    |--E. varivestis B14
    |--E. vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius 1775) S07 (see below for synonymy)
    `--E. vigintisexpunctata (Boisduval 1835) (see below for synonymy) S07

Epilachna Chevrolat in Dejean 1836 [incl. Afissa Dieke 1947, Henosepilachna Li in Li & Cook 1961; Epilachninae, Epilachnini] S07

Epilachna boisduvali Mulsant 1850 [=Henosepilachna boisduvali; incl. E. montrouzieri var. fijiensis Crotch 1874, E. montrouzieri Fauvel 1862, E. boisduvali samoana Dieke 1947] S07

Epilachna guttatopustulata (Fabricius 1775) [=Coccinella guttatopustulata, Henosepilachna guttatopustulata; incl. Epilachna pandora Mulsant 1853, E. guttatopustulata var. tasmanica Crotch 1874, Coccinella tricincta Montrouzier 1855] S07

Epilachna urvillei Mountrouzier 1861 [=Henosepilachna urvillei; incl. E. moultoni manusensis Korschefsky 1933, E. moultoni Crotch 1874] S07

Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius 1775) S07 [=Coccinella vigintioctopunctata S07, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata S07; incl. Epilachna gradaria Mulsant 1850 S07, Coccinella pardalis Boisduval 1835 S07, E. vigintioctopunctata pardalis B88, C. sparsa Herbst 1786 S07, *Henosepilachna sparsa S07, Epilachna territa Mulsant 1850 S07, Coccinella undecimvariolata Boisduval 1835 S07, E. undecimvariolata S07]

Epilachna vigintisexpunctata (Boisduval 1835) [=Coccinella vigintisexpunctata, E. sparsa vigintisexpunctata, Henosepilachna vigintisexpunctata; incl. E. philippinensis australica Dieke 1947, Coccinella doryca Boisduval 1835, E. philippinensis Dieke 1947] S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[G01] Gorham, H. S. 1901. Descriptions of genera and species of Coleoptera from South Africa (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 401–415.

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

[TS01] Tsurusaki, N., Y. Shirai, S. Nakano, N. Fujiyama, S. Kahono & H. Katakura. 2001. B-chromosomes in the Indonesian populations of a phytophagous ladybird beetle “Epilachna vigintioctopunctata”. Special Publication of the Japan Coleopterological Society 1: 65–71.

[WZ10] Wood, D. M., & M. A. Zumbado. 2010. Tachinidae (tachinid flies, parasitic flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 1343–1417. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

Diomini

Diomus notescens, copyright Geoff Walker.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Diomini are a cosmopolitan group of smaller, hairy ladybird beetles characterised by postcoxal lines on the first abdominal ventrite merging with the rear margin of the ventrite (Ślipiński 2007).

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Small to medium-sized (2–4 mm). Body convex, brown or black, sometimes with colour pattern; winged or wingless; dorsum shortly setose; antennal insertions exposed; antennal groove on underside weak. Eye large, finely facetted, without ocular canthus, interfacetal setae absent. Mandible bidentate apically; prostheca and mola present. Maxillary palp short and stout, terminal palpomere expanded to securiform. Antenna slightly shorter than head, ten- or eleven-segmented, with three-segmented club, scape slim. Pronotum transverse, hypomeron without foveae; prosternum long in front of coxae; prosternal process moderately broad, usually carinate. Meso-metaventrite broadly articulated, usually arcuate anteriorly with metaventrite extending well forward and making mesoventrite very short. Tarsi three- or four-segmented. Abdomen with six ventrites; abdominal postcoxal line at abdominal ventrite merging with hind margin. Ovipositor with coxites transverse, stylus absent; spermatheca complex, worm-like; infundibulum and bursal plate present. Penis with distinct capsule, often complex; penis guide asymmetrical.

<==Diomini S07
    |--Decadiomus Chapin 1933 S07
    |--Andrzej Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |    `--*A. antennatus Ślipiński 2007 S07
    |--Dichaina Weise 1850 S07
    |    `--*D. inornata Weise 1923 S07
    `--Diomus Mulsant 1850 [incl. Amidellus Weise 1923, Heterodiomus Brèthes 1924] S07
         |--*D. thoracicus (Fabricius 1801) [=Coccinella thoracica] S07
         |--D. australasiae (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus australasiae] S07
         |--D. brisbanensis (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus brisbanensis] S07
         |--D. casuarinae (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus casuarinae] S07
         |--D. corticalis (Lea 1908) [=Scymnus corticalis] S07
         |--D. cowleyi (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus cowleyi] S07
         |--D. cucullifer (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus cucullifer] S07
         |--D. denhamensis Weise 1929 [=D. labiatus Weise 1908 (preoc.)] S07
         |--D. elutus (Lea 1902) [=Scymnus elutus] S07
         |--D. ementitor (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus ementitor, *Amidellus ementitor] S07
         |--D. ferrugineus Weise 1895 S07
         |--D. flavolaterus (Lea 1926) [=Scymnus flavolaterus] S07
         |--D. frater (Lea 1902) [=Scymnus frater] S07
         |--D. hamatus Weise 1895 S07
         |--D. hypocritus Weise 1923 S07
         |--D. impictus (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus impictus] S07
         |--D. inaffectatus (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus inaffectatus] S07
         |--D. indistinctus (Lea 1902) [=Scymnus indistinctus] S07
         |--D. insidiosus (Blackburn 1889) (see below for synonymy) S07
         |--D. inusitatus (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus inusitatus] S07
         |--D. jocosus (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus jocosus] S07
         |--D. kamerungensis (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus kamerungensis] S07
         |--D. lubricus (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus lubricus] S07
         |--D. macrops (Lea 1929) [=Scymnus macrops] S07
         |--D. maestus (Lea 1926) [=Scymnus maestus] S07
         |--D. mimicus (Lea 1902) [=Scymnus mimicus] S07
         |--D. notescens (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus notescens; incl. D. rusticus Weise 1895] S07
         |--D. obumbratus (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus obumbratus] S07
         |--D. operosus (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus operosus] S07
         |--D. planulatus (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus planulatus] S07
         |--D. poonindiensis (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus poonindiensis] S07
         |--D. pumilio (Weise 1885) (see below for synonymy) S07
         |--D. robustus Weise 1895 [=D. major Weise 1895 non Scymnus insidiosus var. major Blackburn 1889] S07
         |--D. scapularis (Weise 1885) [=Scymnus (Diomus) scapularis; incl. S. aurugineus Blackburn 1889] S07
         |--D. sedani (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus sedani] S07
         |--D. simplex (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus simplex] S07
         |--D. sphragitis (Weise 1885) (see below for synonymy) S07
         |--D. striatus (Lea 1902) [=Scymnus striatus] S07
         |--D. subclarus (Blackburn 1895) [=Scymnus subclarus] S07
         |--D. subelongatulus (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus subelongatulus] S07
         |--D. sydneyensis (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus sydneyensis] S07
         |--D. tenebricosus (Boheman 1859) [=Scymnus tenebricosus] S07
         |--D. triangularis (Lea 1902) [=Scymnus triangularis] S07
         |--D. trilobus (Lea 1902) [=Scymnus trilobus] S07
         |--D. variiceps (Lea 1929) [=Scymnus variiceps] S07
         `--D. whittonensis (Blackburn 1892) [=Scymnus whittonensis] S07

Diomus insidiosus (Blackburn 1889) [=Scymnus insidiosus, S. blackburni Weise 1929; incl. S. insidiosus var. major Blackburn 1889, S. insidiosus var pallipes Blackburn 1889] S07

Diomus pumilio (Weise 1885) [=Scymnus (Diomus) pumilio; incl. S. flavifrons Blackburn 1889, Diomus flavifrons, S. flavifrons var. norfolcensis Lea 1929, S. flavifrons var. occidentalis Blackburn 1889, S. flavifrons var. victoriae Blackburn 1889] S07

Diomus sphragitis (Weise 1885) [=Scymnus (Diomus) sphragitis; incl. S. meyricki Blackburn 1889, S. meyricki var. obscuripes Blackburn 1889] S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Noviini

Cardinal ladybird Rodolia cardinalis, copyright Katja Schulz.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Noviini are a cosmopolitan group of densely hairy ladybird beetles, most diverse in the Old World tropics (Ślipiński 2007).

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Body oval or elongate-oval, dorsum densely hairy. Head broad; eyes large, setose, broadly separated on vertex. Antenna seven- or eight-segmented, distinctly shorter than head capsule, scape enlarged, antennal club indistinct and serrate. Terminal maxillary palpomere large and strongly securiform; labial palps two-segmented. Prothoracic hypomeron without fovea near anterior angles; prosternum very short in front of coxae; prosternal process very narrow and setose without distinct carinae. Elytral epipleuron complete, not foveate. Protibia angulate externally. Tibia spurs absent; tarsi three-segmented. Abdominal postcoxal line recurved and complete. Larva covered by waxy secretion. Dorsal and lateral surfaces with small sclerites and nipple-shaped setose strumae. Head without epicranial stem, frontal arms variable. Antenna one- or two-segmented. Mandible unidentate apically. Ventral mouth parts fused at base into solid plate with lateral extensions encompassing labial palps. Maxillary palp two-segmented. Abdominal segments 1–8 with gland openings on intersegmental membranes. Pupa almost entirely enclosed in last larval skin.

<==Noviini S07
    |--Novius Mulsant 1850 S07
    `--Rodolia Mulsant 1850 [incl. Eurodolia Weise 1895] S07
         |--*R. ruficollis Mulsant 1850 S07
         |--R. bella (Blackburn 1889) [=Novius bellus] S07
         |--R. cardinalis (Mulsant 1850) [=Vedalia cardinalis, Eurodolia cardinalis] S07
         |--R. discoidalis (Blackburn 1895) [=Novius discoidalis] S07
         |--R. immaculata (Lea 1902) [=Novius immaculatus] S07
         |--R. koebelei (Coquillet 1893) [=Novius koebelei] S07
         |--R. limbata (Blackburn 1895) [=Novius limbatus] S07
         |--R. lindi (Blackburn 1889) [=Novius lindi] S07
         |--R. rubra (Blackburn 1889) [=Novius ruber] S07
         |--R. sanguinolenta (Mulsant 1850) [=Novius sanguinolentus] S07
         |--R. severini (Weise 1895) [=*Eurodolia severini] S07
         |--R. simplicipennis (Blackburn 1895) [=Novius simplicipennis] S07
         |--R. tridens (Lea 1902) [=Novius tridens] S07
         `--R. tripustulata (Blackburn 1895) [=Novius tripustulatus] S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Telsimiini

Telsimia leucoceps, from CSIRO.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Telsimiini are a group of small ladybird beetles bearing very short antennae with the insertions covered by a clypeal shelf (Ślipiński 2007).

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Small (1.0–2.5 mm long). Body convex; short, oval; almost always with apparent dorsal vestiture. Head strongly transverse; clypeus short, extending laterally to form a projection covering antennal insertion from above. Eyes large, finely facetted, entirely or almost entirely divided by a shelf. Mandible with a subapical tooth set at some distance from apex, mola and molar teeth well developed and sclerotised. Labrum entirely hidden under clypeus. Maxillary cardo strongly expanded laterally, forming narrow process; lacinia reduced and much shorter than galea; apical palpomere slightly narrowed to obliquely truncate at apex. Labium with prementum heavily sclerotised, bearing central pit and forked projection anteriorly. Antenna very short, six- or seven-segmented located in shallow cavity under shelf adjacent to eye and hardly visible from above. Prosternum with intercoxal process about as broad as transverse coxal diameter; pronotal hypomeron not distinctly foveate. Mesoventrite broad. Abdomen with five visible ventrites in both sexes. Tarsi three-segmented, claws bifid, appendiculate or simple. Female genitalia with elongate coxites; spermatheca not sclerotised. Larva: Body fusiform with wax covering of varying extent; dorsum and particularly lateral projections distinctly setose, setae simple; dorsal plates present but weak and often indistinct. Head subquadrate; frontal arms lyriform but weakly marked; epicranial stem present or absent. Antenna relatively long, three-segmented. Mandible unidentate apically; molar part reduced with narrow and curved lobe. Maxillary palp three-segmented; mala narrowly rounded apically; stylus absent. Labial palps two-segmented. Legs moderately long; tibiotarsus with two clavate setae apically; claw with weak basal tooth. Abdominal segments without gland openings.

<==Telsimiini S07
    |--Hypocyrema Blackburn 1889 S07
    |    `--*H. pauxillum Blackburn 1892 S07
    `--Telsimia Casey 1899 [incl. Lipernes Blackburn 1889 (preoc.), Notolipernes Blackburn 1900] S07
         |--*T. tetrasticta Casey 1899 S07
         |--T. abdita Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. acaciae Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. angulata (Blackburn 1889) [=*Lipernes angulatus, *Notolipernes angulatus] S07
         |--T. cassicula Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. crebra (Blackburn 1895) [=Lipernes creber, Notolipernes creber] S07
         |--T. elainae Chazeau 1984 S07
         |--T. gibbosa (Blackburn 1895) [=Lipernes gibbosus, Notolipernes gibbosus] S07
         |--T. glorious Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. leucoceps Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. longanimis Chazeau 1984 S07
         |--T. obscuripes (Lea 1902) [=Serangium obscuripes] S07
         |--T. occidua Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. palitans Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. rossi Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         |--T. rotunda Ślipiński, Pang & Pope 2005 S07
         `--T. subviridis (Blakcburn 1892) [=Lipernes subviridis, Notolipernes subviridis] S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Sticholotidini

Sticholotis culleni, from CSIRO.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Sticholotidini are a heterogeneous, circumtropical group of ladybird beetles that generally have apically geniculate maxillary palps with a narrowed, pointed terminal segment, a relatively broad prosternum between the coxae, and a five-segmented abdomen (Ślipiński 2007).

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Body moderately convex, usually glabrous. Head with antennal insertions usually exposed, very rarely with antennal grooves ventrally along inner margins of eyes. Antenna ten- or eleven-segmented with one- to four-segmented club. Pronotum without line or ridge separating anterior corners from pronotal disc. Prosternum broad between coxae, usually with marginal lines or carinae. Tarsi four-segmented with claws usually simple or thickened at base. Tibial spurs absent. Abdomen with five ventrites; ventrites 1 and 5 longer than 2 and 3 combined. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete. Male genitalia with tegmen symmetrical, parameres long with one or more setae apically; penis sclerotised, simple with T-shaped capsule. Larva (where known): Length 2–4 mm; body broadly fusiform, sometimes broader with lateral setose processes; cuticle of thorax and abdomen finely granulate and densely pubescent. Head weakly transverse with frontal arms joined at base, lyriform, strongly divergent anteriorly; epicranial stem absent; median endocarina absent. Antenna comprising three distinct, sclerotised segments; segment 3 long. Mandible triangular with double apex and weakly projected molar area. Maxillary mala slender and distinctly narrowing apically with well developed stylus. Maxillary palps three-segmented, much longer than mala; labial palps two-segmented. Thoracic tergites with sclerotised plates on thorax bearing simple setae. Legs short and slender; apex of tibiotarsus with multiple clubbed setae; claw with or without distinct basal tooth. Abdomen with defence gland openings on segments 1–8, with single setae only. Pupa with urogomphi.

<==Sticholotidini S07
    |--Pharoscymnus S07
    |--Jauravia S07
    |--Sulcolotis S07
    |--Neotina S07
    |--Nesina S07
    |--Chaetolotis Ślipiński 2004 S07
    |    `--*C. amy Ślipiński 2004 S07
    `--Sticholotis Crotch 1874 [incl. Gymnoscymnus Blackburn 1892] S07
         |--*S. substriata Crotch 1874 S07
         |--S. cooloola Ślipiński 2004 S07
         |--S. culleni Ślipiński 2004 S07
         |--S. quadrimaculatus (Blackburn 1892) [=*Gymnoscymnus quadrimaculatus; incl. G. explanatus Blackburn 1895] S07
         |--S. redimita Weise 1923 S07
         `--S. tozer Ślipiński 2004 S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Coccinella

Seven-spotted ladybird Coccinella septempunctata, copyright S. Rae.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

Coccinella is a cosmopolitan genus, most diverse in the Holarctic region, that includes many of the most familiar ladybird species.

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Length 4–8.5 mm. Body moderately large, elytra weakly convex, glabrous. Elytral colour pattern constant, uniformly orange with black spots or transverse markings. Anterior clypeal border straight between lateral projections. Antenna eleven-segmented; slightly shorter than head capsule, with compact three-segmented club. Terminal maxillary palpomere strongly securiform. Pronotal disc evenly convex transversely; lateral margins narrowly margined within uptorned external borders. Prothoracic hypomeron without fovea near anterior angles; prosternal process with distinct carinae extending forward. Anterior margin of mesoventrite straight and entirely bordered. Elytral margin with complete thickened beads; epipleuron not foveate. Tibia spur formula 0-2-2. Abdominal postcoxal line not recurved, incomplete laterally, with oblique additional line. Penis consisting of single sclerite. Ovipositor with coxites club-handle type; infundibulum present; spermatheca with large nodulus.

<==Coccinella Linnaeus 1758 S07
    |--*C. septempunctata Linnaeus 1758 S07
    |--C. bipustulata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. cincta B35
    |--C. conglobata Linnaeus 1758 L58 [incl. C. conglobata var. gemella C01, C. conglobata var. pineti C01]
    |--C. decempunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. decempustulata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. detrita B35
    |--C. duodevigintiguttata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. distincta [incl. C. distincta var. magnifica] C01
    |--C. duodecimnotata B35
    |--C. endomycina Dupont in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. fasciatopunctata C01
    |--C. gigantea Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. guttatopunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. haematomelas Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. haemorrhoa Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. hebraea Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. hieroglyphica Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. japonica C01
    |--C. lapeyrousei Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. leonina [incl. C. tasmanii] M83
    |--C. lunata B35
    |--C. macularis [incl. C. rivularis] B35
    |--C. m-nigrum L02
    |--C. novemmaculata B35
    |--C. obliterata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. oblongoguttata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. ocellata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. octonotata B35
    |--C. pantherina Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. patruelis Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. pteromelas Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. quatuordecimguttata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. quatuordecimpunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. quatuordecimpustulata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. quinquepunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. reticulata B35
    |--C. septemmaculata L02
    |--C. sexdecimpustulata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. sexpustulata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. signatipennis d’Urville in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. strigula Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. tigrina Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. tongataboae Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--C. transversalis Fabricius 1781 [incl. C. contempta Boisduval 1835, C. repanda Thunberg 1781] S07
    |--C. transversoguttata C01
    |--C. tricolor B35
    |--C. tridecimpunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. trifasciata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. tripunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. undecimnotata C01
    |--C. undecimpunctata Linnaeus 1758 S07
    |--C. undevigintipunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. unipunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. vigintiduopunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. vigintiguttata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. vigintiquattuorpunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    `--C. vigintiquinquepunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58

Coccinella quatuordecimpunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58 [incl. C. quatuordecimpunctata var. conglomerata Linnaeus 1758 C01, L58, C. quatuordecimpunctata var. duodecimpunctata C01, C. quatuordecimpunctata var. fimbriata C01, C. quatuordecimpunctata var. leopardina C01]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Chilocorini

Orange-spotted ladybird Orcus australasiae, from Brisbane Insects.

Belongs within: Coccinellidae.

The Chilocorini are a cosmopolitan group of ladybird beetles in which the antennal insertions are hidden between an expanded clypeus, and the tarsi are four-segmented (Ślipiński 2007).

Characters (from Ślipiński 2007): Body small to moderately large (2–8 mm) with head in repose somewhat inserted into prothorax and usually directed downwards; dorsum usually without apparent vestiture. Head transverse, ventrally flattened; clypeus variously expanded laterally forming a shelf entirely covering antennal insertions. Mandible strong, triangular with single apical tooth and heavily developed molar denticle; maxillary palp moderately long, terminal palpomere parallel-sided, weakly expanded to securiform; labial palp distinctly separated at base and inserted on ventral side of prementum. Antenna very short, 7–10-segmented with fusiform three-segmented club. Prosternum simple, moderately elongate in front of coxae; prosternal process narrow, parallel-sided. Wings with large anal lobe. Elytral punctures irregular, never in apparent rows; epipleuron broad and complete to apex, often with foveae that receive apex of femora. Abdomen with five or six ventrites; postcoxal line at abdominal ventrite 1 variable, without associated pits and pores. Male genitalia with tegmen symmetrical, penis guide sometimes asymmetrical, parameres well developed and setose apically; penis a simple, single sclerite with large basal capsule. Coxites triangular, lightly sclerotised, usually bearing short styli; bursa copulatrix with infundibulum or fleshy lobe with sperm duct composed of two parts of different diameters; spermatheca sclerotised, bean-shaped without ramus, with large accessory gland.

<==Chilocorini S07
    |--Trichorcus Blackburn 1892 S07
    |    `--*T. cinctus Blackburn 1892 S07
    |--Exochomus Redtenbacher 1844 S07
    |    |--*E. quadripustulatus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Coccinella quadripustulata, E. quatuorpustulatus] S07
    |    |--E. flavipes C01
    |    |--E. justitiae Gorham 1901 G01
    |    |--E. nigromaculatus [=Coccinella nigromaculata; incl. E. auritus] G01
    |    `--E. uropygialis [=Brumus uropygialis] G01
    |--Brumoides Chapin 1965 S07
    |    |--*B. suturalis (Fabricius 1798) [=Coccinella suturalis, Brumus suturalis] S07
    |    |--B. maculatus (Pope 1954) [=Brumus maculatus] S07
    |    `--B. piae Ślipiński & Giorgi 2006 S07
    |--Halmus Mulsant 1850 S07
    |    |--*H. chalybeus (Boisduval 1835) S07 [=Coccinella chalybea S07; incl. Chilocorus cyaneus B35]
    |    |--H. coelestris (Blackburn 1891) (see below for synonymy) S07
    |    |--H. cupripennis Weise 1923 S07
    |    |--H. evelynensis (Weise 1923) [=Orcus evelynensis] S07
    |    |--H. hilli Ślipiński & Giorgi 2006 S07
    |    `--H. viridis Ślipiński & Giorgi 2006 S07
    |--Chilocorus Leach 1815 S07
    |    |--*C. cacti (Linnaeus 1767) [=Coccinella cacti] S07
    |    |--C. circumdatus (Gyllenhal in Schönherr 1808) [=Coccinella circumdatus] S07
    |    |--C. cruentus Gorham 1901 G01
    |    |--C. marshalli Gorham 1901 G01
    |    |--C. distigma [=Coccinella distigma] G89
    |    |--C. maculatus Ślipiński & Giorgi 2006 S07
    |    |--C. malasiae Crotch 1874 (see below for synonymy) S07
    |    |--C. micrus Ślipiński & Giorgi 2006 S07
    |    |--C. nigrita S07
    |    `--C. schioedtei S07
    `--Orcus Mulsant 1850 [incl. Parapriasus Chapin 1965, Priasus Mulsant 1850] S07
         |--*O. janthinus Mulsant 1850 S07
         |--O. australasiae (Boisduval 1835) (see below for synonymy) S07
         |--O. bilunulatus (Boisduval 1835) [=Coccinella bilunulata, O. (*Priasus) bilunulatus] S07
         |--O. chalybeus O81
         |--O. citri Lea 1902 [incl. O. coxalis Weise 1918] S07
         |--O. cyanocephalus Mulsant 1850 [incl. O. lecanii Blackburn 1895, O. purpureotinctus Lea 1902] S07
         |--O. lafertei Mulsant 1853 S07
         |--O. nummularis (Boisduval 1835) [=Coccinella nummularis] S07
         |--O. obscurus Blackburn 1892 [=O. australasiae var. obscurus] S07
         |--O. pustulatus Blackburn 1892 S07
         `--O. quadrimaculatus Gadeau de Kerville 1884 S07

Chilocorus malasiae Crotch 1874 [incl. C. australasiae Gadeau de Kerville 1884, C. baileyi Blackburn 1890, C. diadema Weise 1898, C. flavidus Blackburn 1892, C. nasicornis Korschefsky 1944] S07

Halmus coelestris (Blackburn 1891) [=Orcus coelestris; incl. O. clypeatus Weise 1923, O. ovalis Blackburn 1892, O. splendens Blackburn 1892] S07

Orcus australasiae (Boisduval 1835) [=Coccinella australasiae, *Parapriasus australasiae; incl. Orcus australasiae var. quadrinotatus Lea 1902] S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[G01] Gorham, H. S. 1901. Descriptions of genera and species of Coleoptera from South Africa (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 401–415.

[O81] O’Brien, C. O. 1981. A. A. Book of New Zealand Wildlife: A guide to the native and introduced animals of New Zealand. Lansdowne Press: Auckland.

[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.