Metatheria

Lower jaw of Pediomys, from here.

Belongs within: Boreosphenida.
Contains: Marsupialia.

The Metatheria are a clade of mammals including the total group of modern marsupials and all fossil taxa more closely related to marsupials than to other mammals. The earliest metatherians are known from the early Late Cretaceous of Eurasia and North America though they only survived into the Cenozoic in South America and Australia.

Synapomorphies (from Bi et al. 2014, for Sulestes + Marsupialia): Posterior vertical shelf of masseteric fossa connected to dentary condyle as thin crest along angular margin of mandible; dentary condyle continuous with semicircular posterior margin of dentary, condyle facing up due to up-turning of posterior-most part of dentary; molar with cristid obliqua present, contact closest to lowest point of protocristid; mesiolingual vertical crest of paraconid on lower molars forming a keel; entoconid near height of hypoconid; paraconid, metaconid, and entoconid on lower molars aligned; functional talonid basin of lower molars as long as wide; hypoconid/protoconid height ratio between 40% and 60%; stylar cuspule "C" (near ectoflexus) present on penultimate upper molar; wear facets 5 and 6 differentiated on labial face of entoconid; five upper incisors present; upper anterior-most incisor anteriorly projecting, separated from following teeth by diastema; body of calcaneus mediolaterally compressed at level of posterior calcaneoastragalar facet; calcaneal tubercle ventrally curved; lacrimal foramen on facial side of lacrimal; optic foramen not separated from sphenorbital fissure; incisive foramina intermediate in size.

<==Metatheria [Boreometatheria, Marsupialiformes, Marsupicarnivora] VG09
    |--Sulestes BW14
    `--+--Marsasia LJ03
       `--+--+--Kokopellia VG09
          |  `--Asiatherium KH14
          `--+--Albertatherium BW14
             `--+--Anchistodelphys LJ03
                `--+--Peradectia [Alphadelphia] CGW04
                   |    |  i. s.: Caroloameghiniidae CGW04
                   |    |--Peradectidae GH99
                   |    |    |--Kasserinotherium tunisiense Crochet 1986 GH99
                   |    |    |--Peradectes Matthew & Granger 1921 S35
                   |    |    |    |--*P. elegans Matthew & Granger 1921 S35
                   |    |    |    `--P. minor OB13
                   |    |    `--Alphadon [Alphadontidae] CGW04
                   |    |         |--A. halleyi G03
                   |    |         |--A. marshi Simpson 1927 FN03
                   |    |         `--A. perexiguus G03
                   |    |--+--Pariadens VG09
                   |    |  `--Didelphodon [Stagodontidae] LJ03
                   |    |       `--D. vorax Marsh 1889 FN03
                   |    `--Pediomys [Pediomyidae] LJ03
                   |         |--P. clemensi G03
                   |         |--P. elegans G03
                   |         |--P. hatcheri SBL05
                   |         |--P. krejcii G03
                   |         `--P. prokrejcii G03
                   `--Notometatheria [Ameridelphia, Sparassodonta] RWN98
                        |--+--Mayulestes [Mayulestidae] WR07
                        |  |    `--M. ferox WR07
                        |  `--+--Marsupialia VG09
                        |     `--+--Pucadelphidae CGW04
                        |        |    |--Pucadelphys andinus WR07
                        |        |    |--Incadelphys CGW04
                        |        |    `--Mizquedelphys CGW04
                        |        `--Andinodelphys LJ03
                        `--Borhyaenoidea M77
                             |  i. s.: Hondadelphys M77 [Hondadelphidae CGW04]
                             |--Thylacosmilus Riggs 1933 D07 [Thylacosmilidae M77]
                             |    |--T. ferox D07
                             |    `--T. lentis D07
                             `--+--Proborhyaenidae [Proborhyaeninae] CGW04
                                |    |--Arminiheringia auceta M77, S32
                                |    `--Proborhyaena M77
                                `--+--Hathliacynidae [Hathliacyninae] M77
                                   |    |--Sipalocyon M77
                                   |    |--Patene M77
                                   |    |--Cladosictis Amighino 1887 M77, D07
                                   |    |    |--C. bardus D07
                                   |    |    |--C. centralis D07
                                   |    |    `--C. patagonica D07
                                   |    `--Allqokirus CGW05
                                   `--Borhyaenidae RWN98
                                        |  i. s.: Pharsophorus lacerans S32
                                        |         Procladosictis M77
                                        |--Prothylacynus [Prothylacyninae] M77
                                        `--Borhyaeninae M77
                                             |--Nemolestes M77
                                             |--Angelocabrerus M77
                                             `--Borhyaena Ameghino 1894 D07
                                                  |--B. excavata D07
                                                  |--B. macrodonta D07
                                                  `--B. tuberata S32

Metatheria incertae sedis:
  Kiruwamaq Goin & Candela 2004 AH07
  Arcantiodelphys Vullo, Gheerbrant et al. 2009 VG09
    `--*A. marchandi Vullo, Gheerbrant et al. 2009 VG09
  Dakotadens VG09
  Iqualadelphis RWN98
  Turgidodon LJ03
    |--T. praesagus G03
    |--T. rhaister G03
    `--T. russelli G03
  Iugomortiferum VG09
  Adelodelphys VG09
  Sinbadelphys VG09

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AH07] Asher, R. J., I. Horovitz, T. Martin & M. R. Sánchez-Villagra. 2007. Neither a rodent nor a platypus: a reexamination of Necrolestes patagoniensis Ameghino. American Museum Novitates 3546: 1–40.

[BW14] Bi, S., Y. Wang, J. Guan, X. Sheng & J. Meng. 2014. Three new Jurassic euharamiyidan species reinforce early divergence of mammals. Nature 514: 579–584.

[CGW04] Case, J. A., F. J. Goin & M. O. Woodbourne. 2004. “South American” marsupials from the Late Cretaceous of North America and the origin of marsupial cohorts. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 11 (3–4): 223–255.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[FN03] Fox, R. C., & B. G. Naylor. 2003. A Late Cretaceous taeniodont (Eutheria, Mammalia) from Alberta, Canada. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie—Abhandlungen 229 (3): 393–420.

[GH99] Gheerbrant, E., & J.-L. Hartenberger. 1999. Nouveau mammifère insectivore (?Lipotyphla, ?Erinaceomorpha) de l’Eocène inférieur de Chambi (Tunisie). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 73 (1–2): 143–156.

[G03] Gordon, C. L. 2003. A first look of estimating body size in dentally conservative marsupials. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 10 (1–2): 1–21.

[LJ03] Luo, Z.-X., Q. Ji, J. R. Wible & C.-X. Yuan. 2003. An Early Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution. Science 302: 1934–1940.

[M77] Marshall, L. G. 1977. Cladistic analysis of borhyaenoid, dasyuroid, didelphoid, and thylacinid (Marsupialia: Mammalia) affinity. Systematic Zoology 26 (4): 410–425.

[OB13] O'Leary, M. A., J. I. Bloch, J. J. Flynn, T. J. Gaudin, A. Giallombardo, N. P. Giannini, S. L. Goldberg, B. P. Kraatz, Z.-X. Luo, J. Meng, X. Ni, M. J. Novacek, F. A. Perini, Z. S. Randall, G. W. Rougier, E. J. Sargis, M. T. Silcox, N. B. Simmons, M. Spaulding, P. M. Velazco, M. Weksler, J. R. Wible & A. L. Cirranello. 2013. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K–Pg radiation of placentals. Science 339: 662–667.

[RWN98] Rougier, G. W., J. R. Wible & M. J. Novacek. 1998. Implications of Deltatheridium specimens for early marsupial history. Nature 396: 459–463.

[S32] Simpson, G. G. 1932. Skulls and brains of some mammals from the Notostylops beds of Patagonia. American Museum Novitates 578: 1–11.

[S35] Simpson, G. G. 1935. The Tiffany fauna, Upper Paleocene. I.—Multituberculata, Marsupialia, Insectivora, and ?Chiroptera. American Museum Novitates 795: 1–19.

[SBL05] Sullivan, R. M., A. C. Boere & S. G Lucas. 2005. Redescription of the ceratopsid dinosaur Torosaurus utahensis (Gilmore, 1946) and a revision of the genus. Journal of Paleontology 79 (3): 564–582.

[VG09] Vullo, R., E. Gheerbrant, C. De Muizon & D. Néraudeau. 2009. The oldest modern therian mammal from Europe and its bearing on stem marsupial paleobiogeography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (47): 19910–19915.

[WR07] Wible, J. R., G. W. Rougier, M. J. Novacek & R. J. Asher. 2007. Cretaceous eutherians and Laurasian origin for placental mammals near the K/T boundary. Nature 447: 1003–1006.

Ptilodontoidea

Skull of Ptilodus mediaevus, copyright Nobu Tamura.

Belongs within: Cimolodonta.

The Ptilodontoidea are a group of multituberculate mammals known from the Upper Cretaceous to the Eocene of Eurasia and North America, characterised by a very large, arcuate lower rear premolar protruding dorsally above the level of the molars (Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum 2001).

Characters (from Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum 2001): Dental formula 2.0.4.2/1.0.2.2; enamel usually microprismatic (gigantoprismatic in Cimolodon); I2 probably single-cusped, I3 placed on margin of premaxilla; lower incisor usually gracile, completely covered with enamel (robust with limited enamel band in Neoliotomus); P4 elongated, shaped as isosceles triangle in lateral view, protruding ventrally over level of anterior premolars and molars; p4 very large, arcuate, strongly protruding dorsally over level of molars; molars with ornamentation of grooves and ridges, cusps tending to coalesce. Snout wide, gently incurved in front of zygomatic arches. Frontals small, pointed posteriorly.

<==Ptilodontoidea
    |--Cimolodontidae K-JH01
    |    |--Anconodon Jepsen 1940 K-JH01
    |    |--Liotomus Cope 1884 K-JH01
    |    `--Cimolodon Marsh 1889 K-JH01
    |         `--C. electus K-JH01
    `--+--Neoliotomus Jepsen 1930 K-JH01
       `--+--Ptilodontidae [Chirogidae] K-JH01
          |    |--Kimbetohia Simpson 1936 K-JH01
          |    |--Prochetodon Jepsen 1940 K-JH01
          |    |--Baiotomeus Krause 1987 SFY02
          |    |    |--B. douglassi (Simpson 1935) SFY02
          |    |    |--B. lamberti Krause 1987 SFY02
          |    |    `--B. russelli Scott, Fox & Youzwyshyn 2002 SFY02
          |    `--Ptilodus Cope 1881 SFY02
          |         |--P. douglassi Simpson 1935 S35b
          |         |--P. fractus Dorr 1952 SFY02
          |         |--P. gidleyi Simpson 1935 S35b
          |         |--P. gnomus Scott, Fox & Youzwyshyn 2002 SFY02
          |         |--P. kummae Krause 1977 SFY02
          |         |--P. mediaevus Cope 1881 SFY02
          |         |--P. montanus Douglass 1908 [incl. P. admirabilis Hay 1930, P. gracilis Gidley 1909 (preoc.)] S35b
          |         |--P. sinclairi Simpson 1935 S35b
          |         |--P. trovessartianus S35b
          |         |--P. tsosiensis Sloan 1981 SFY02
          |         `--P. wyomingensis D07
          `--Neoplagiaulacidae K-JH01
               |--Xyronomys Rigby 1980 K-JH01
               |--Cernaysia Vianey-Liaud 1986 K-JH01
               |--Krauseia Vianey-Liaud 1986 K-JH01
               |--Mesodma Jepsen 1940 K-JH01
               |--Mimetodon Jepsen 1940 K-JH01
               |--Mesodmops Tong & Wang 1994 K-JH01
               |--Xanclomys Rigby 1980 K-JH01
               |--Neoplagiaulax Lemoine 1882 K-JH01
               |    `--N. hazeni K-JH01
               |--Parectypodus Jepsen 1930 K-JH01
               |    |--P. jepseni Simpson 1935 S35b
               |    |--P. laytoni K-JH01
               |    |--P. simpsoni S35b
               |    `--P. tardus S35b
               `--Ectypodus Matthew & Granger 1921 K-JH01
                    |--*E. musculus Matthew & Granger 1921 S35a
                    |--E. cochranensis S35b
                    |--E. grangeri Simpson 1935 S35b
                    |--E. russelli Simpson 1935 S35b
                    |--E. silberlingi Simpson 1935 S35b
                    `--E. tardus K-JH01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[K-JH01] Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., & J. H. Hurum. 2001. Phylogeny and systematics of multituberculate mammals. Palaeontology 44 (3): 389–429.

[SFY02] Scott, C. S., R. C. Fox & G. P. Youzwyshyn. 2002. New earliest Tiffanian (late Paleocene) mammals from Cochrane 2, southwestern Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 691–704.

[S35a] Simpson, G. G. 1935a. The Tiffany fauna, Upper Paleocene. I.—Multituberculata, Marsupialia, Insectivora, and ?Chiroptera. American Museum Novitates 795: 1–19.

[S35b] Simpson, G. G. 1935b. New Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union of Montana. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83 (2981): 221–244.

Cimolodonta

Lower jaw of Cimexomys, from Palaeos.

Belongs within: Multituberculata.
Contains: Ptilodontoidea.

The Cimolodonta are a group of multituberculate mammals known from the Early Cretaceous to the Eocene, including all multituberculates to survive the end of the Cretaceous (Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum 2001).

Characters (from Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum 2001): Enamel prismatic; dental formula 2.0.1–4.2/1.0.1–2.2; I1 absent, I2 single- or two-cusped, I3 small, single-cusped; p1 and p2 absent, p3, if present, peg-like, non-functional; p4 primitively arcuate with oblique ridges, single or no posterobuccal cusp present.

Cimolodonta [Boffiini]
    |--Barbatodon Râdulescu & Samson 1986 K-JH01
    |--Dakotamys Eaton 1995 K-JH01
    |    `--D. malcolmi K-JH01
    |--Bryceomys Eaton 1995 K-JH01
    |    `--B. fumosus K-JH01
    |--Paracimexomys Archibald 1982 K-JH01
    |    |--P. crossi K-JH01
    |    `--P. robinsoni K-JH01
    |--Cimexomys Sloan & van Valen 1965 K-JH0
    |    |--C. antiquus D07
    |    |--C. gratus D07
    |    |--C. gregoryi D07
    |    |--C. hausoi D07
    |    |--C. judithae K-JH01
    |    |--C. magnus D07
    |    `--C. minor D07
    `--+--Boffius Vianey-Liaud 1979 [Boffiidae] K-JH01
       |--Ptilodontoidea K-JH01
       `--Taeniolabidoidea K-JH97
            |--Cimolomyidae K-JH01
            |    |--Meniscoessus Cope 1882 K-JH01
            |    |--Cimolomys Marsh 1889 K-JH01
            |    |--Essonodon Simpson 1927 K-JH01
            |    `--Buginbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska & Sochava 1969 [Buginbaatarinae] K-JH01
            |         `--B. transaltaiensis Kielan-Jaworowska & Sochava 1969 K-JH97
            `--+--Djadochtatherioidea K-JH01
               |--Kogaionidae K-JH01
               |    |--Hainina Vianey-Liaud 1979 K-JH01
               |    `--Kogaionon Râdulescu & Samson 1996 K-JH01
               |--Eucosmodontidae K-JH01
               |    |--Eucosmodon Matthew & Granger 1921 K-JH01
               |    |--Stygimys Sloan & van Valen 1965 K-JH01
               |    `--Clemensodon Krause 1992 K-JH01
               |--Microcosmodontidae K-JH01
               |    |--Microcosmodon Jepsen 1930 K-JH01
               |    |--Pentacosmodon Jepsen 1940 K-JH01
               |    `--Acheronodon Archibald 1982 K-JH01
               `--Taeniolabididae K-JH01
                    |--Prionessus Matthew & Granger 1925 K-JH01
                    |--Sphenopsalis Matthew, Granger & Simpson 1928 K-JH01
                    |--Lambdopsalis Chow & Qi 1978 K-JH01
                    |    `--L. bulla K-JH97
                    |--Catopsalis Cope 1882 K-JH01
                    |    `--C. joyneri K-JH01
                    `--Taeniolabis Cope 1882 K-JH01
                         |--T. lamberti D07
                         |--T. sulcatus D07
                         `--T. taoensis K-JH97

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[K-JH97] Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., & J. H. Hurum. 1997. Djadochtatheria - a new suborder of multituberculate mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42 (2): 201–242.

[K-JH01] Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., & J. H. Hurum. 2001. Phylogeny and systematics of multituberculate mammals. Palaeontology 44 (3): 389–429.

Eutriconodonta

Reconstruction of Repenomamus giganticus, copyright Nobu Tamura.

Belongs within: Mammalia.

The Eutriconodonta are a group of mammals known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous, characterised by triconodont molars with three laterally compressed cusps in a straight alignment (Luo et al. 2007).

Synapomorphies (from Krause et al. 2014): Dens not fused to axis; lumbar ribs not fused to vertebrae; tarsal spur absent; premaxilla with ventral internarial process present but not connected to nasal; single infraorbital foramen present; ventral opening of minor palatine foramen encircled by palatine and maxilla; postpalatine torus present; internal acoustic meatus cribriform plate absent; ear region with lateral flange narrowly separated from anterior paroccipital process (crista parotica); pterygoparoccipital foramen a laterally open notch; mallear manubrium robust; suture separating basioccipital and exoccipital absent; two lower and upper incisors in each quadrant; I3 with single cusp; seven lower postcanine teeth in each quadrant; four lower premolars in each quadrant; ultimate upper premolar (P5) with metacone present; penultimate lower premolar (p4) with paraconid (cusp b) absent or indistinct; ultimate lower premolar tooth (p5) with hypoconid absent; m1–2 with paracristid longitudinally oriented relative to longitudinal axis of molars; m1–2 with buccal curvature of protoconid (cusp a) at base level equivalent to curvature of paraconid (cusp b) and metaconid (cusp c); m1–2 with metacristid (protocristid), crest between protoconid (cusp a) and metaconid (cusp c) parallel to long axis of lower molars and lower jaw axis; m1 with main cusps of trigonid in single longitudinal row; m1–2 with labiolingual compression of primary functional cusps (at level of cusp base but above cingulid); M1–2 with stylar shelf absent; M1–2 with lingual cingulum discontinuous; dentary movement during power stroke of chewing cycle essentially dorsal (orthal); molar with prevallum/postvallid shearing absent.

<==Eutriconodonta
    |  i. s.: Phascolotherium Owen 1838 CM99
    |         ‘Kotatherium’ yadagirii Prasad & Manhas 1997 A02
    |--+--Amphilestes [Amphilestinae] KH14
    |  `--Gobiconodontidae LK-JC02
    |       |--Gobiconodon Trofimov 1978 KH14, CM99
    |       |    `--G. zofiae HM05
    |       `--Repenomamus Li, Wang et al. 2000 LC07, HM05 [Repenomamidae]
    |            |--R. giganticus Hu, Meng et al. 2005 HM05
    |            `--R. robustus HM05
    `--+--+--Jeholodens jenkinsi KH14, LC07
       |  `--Yanoconodon Luo, Chen et al. 2007 LC07
       |       `--*Y. allini Luo, Chen et al. 2007 LC07
       `--Triconodontidae [Triconodontinae] LK-JC02
            |--Priacodon KH14
            |--Trioracodon LK-JC02
            `--Astroconodon LK-JC02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A02] Averianov, A. O. 2002. Early Cretaceous “symmetrodont” mammal Gobiotheriodon from Mongolia and the classification of “Symmetrodonta”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (4): 705–716.

[CM99] Cifelli, R. L., & S. K. Madsen. 1999. Spalacotheriid symmetrodonts (Mammalia) from the medial Cretaceous (upper Albian or lower Cenomanian) Mussentuchit local fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA. Geodiversitas 21 (2): 167–214.

[HM05] Hu, Y., J. Meng, Y. Wang & C. Li. 2005. Large Mesozoic mammals fed on young dinosaurs. Nature 433: 149–152.

[KH14] Krause, D. W., S. Hoffmann, J. R. Wible, E. C. Kirk, J. A. Schultz, W. von Koenigswald, J. R. Groenke, J. B. Rossie, P. M. O'Connor, E. R. Seiffert, E. R. Dumont, W. L. Holloway, R. R. Rogers, L. J. Rahantarisoa, A. D. Kemp & H. Andriamialison. 2014. First cranial remains of a gondwanatherian mammal reveal remarkable mosaicism. Nature 515: 512–517.

[LC07] Luo, Z.-X., P. Chen, G. Li & M. Chen. 2007. A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals. Nature 446: 288–293.

[LK-JC02] Luo, Z.-X., Z. Kielan-Jaworowska & R. L. Cifelli. 2002. In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 1–78.

Dasyurinae

Tiger quolls Dasyurus maculatus, copyright J.-L. Klein & M.-L. Hubert.

Belongs within: Dasyuridae.

The Dasyurinae is a group of carnivorous marsupials including the quolls (marsupial cats), mulgaras and related taxa. Members of this group include the largest living carnivorous marsupials.

Dasyurinae
    |--+--Dasykaluta rosamondae CB-E04
    |  `--Parantechinus Tate 1947 CB-E04, R64
    |       `--*P. apicalis [=Phascogale apicalis] R64
    |--+--‘Pseudantechinus’ ningbing CB-E04
    |  `--Myoictis Gray 1858 CB-E04, LA02
    |       `--*M. melas (Müller 1840) LA02
    `--+--Pseudantechinus Tate 1947 CB-E04, R64
       |    |--*P. macdonnellensis [=Phascogale macdonnellensis] R64
       |    |--P. roryi CWS05
       |    `--P. woolleyae CB-E04
       |--Dasycercus Peters 1875 CB-E04, LA02
       |    |--*D. cristicauda (Krefft 1867) LA02
       |    |--D. blythi TL70
       |    |--D. byrnei CB-E04
       |    |--D. hillieri LA02
       |    `--D. worboysi Dawson, Muirhead & Wroe 1999 LA02
       `--+--‘Antechinus’ bilarni Johnson 1954 R64 [=Parantechinus bilarni CB-E04]
          `--+--+--Neophascogale lorentzi CB-E04
             |  `--Phascolosorex CB-E04
             |       |--P. doriae CB-E04
             |       `--P. dorsalis CB-E04
             `--+--Sarcophilus Cuvier 1837 CB-E04, LA02 [Sarcophilini]
                |    |--*S. laniarius (Owen 1838) LA02
                |    |--S. harrisii (Boitard 1841) K92 [incl. S. ursinus S61]
                |    `--S. moornaensis Crabb 1982 LA02
                `--Dasyurus Geoffroy 1796 CB-E04, LA02
                     |  i. s.: D. bowlingi A14
                     |--D. hallucatus CB-E04 [=Satanellus hallucatus TL70]
                     `--+--+--*D. maculatus (Kerr 1792) LA02, CB-E04, LA02 [=Viverra maculata G91]
                        |  `--D. dunmalli Bartholomai 1971 LA02
                        `--+--D. viverrinus (Shaw 1800) CB-E04, R64 (see below for synonymy)
                           `--+--D. albopunctatus CB-E04
                              `--+--D. geoffroii Gould 1841 CB-E04, BD-D09
                                 `--D. spartacus CB-E04

Dasyurinae incertae sedis:
  Dasyurops D02
  Dasyurinus D02
  Archerium Wroe & Mackness 2000 LA02
    `--*A. chinchillaensis Wroe & Mackness 2000 LA02
  Dasyuroides Spencer 1896 LA02
    |--*D. byrnei Spencer 1896 LA02
    `--D. achilpatna Archer 1982 LA02
  Ganbulanyi Wroe 1998 LA02
    `--*G. djadjinguli Wroe 1998 LA02
  Glaucodon Stirton 1957 LA02
    `--*G. ballaratensis Stirton 1957 LA02

Dasyurus viverrinus (Shaw 1800) CB-E04, R64 [=Didelphis viverrina R64; incl. Mustela quoll Zimmermann 1777 (nom. inv.) R64, Dasyurus quoll R64]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A14] Anderson, W. 1914. Notes on the occurrence of the sand-rock containing bones of extinct species of marsupials (emu, kangaroo, wombat, etc.) on King Island, Bass Strait, Tasmania. Records of the Australian Museum 10 (9): 275-283.

[BD-D09] Beveridge, I. & M.-C. Durette-Desset. 2009. A new species of the nematode genus Copemania (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida), parasitic in the western quoll, Dasyurus geoffroii and short-nosed bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus from south-western Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 345-349.

[CB-E04] Cardillo, M., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, E. Boakes & A. Purvis. 2004. A species-level phylogenetic supertree of marsupials. Journal of Zoology 264: 11-31.

[CWS05] Cooper, N. K., P. C. Withers & T. Stewart. 2005. Description of sternal glands in Western Australian Sminthopsis and Ningaui (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (2): 45-49.

[D02] Dyck, S. van. 2002. Morphology-based revision of Murexia and Antechinus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48: 239-330.

[G91] Groves, C. P. 1991. A Theory of Human and Primate Evolution, revised ed. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[K92] Klompen, J. S. H. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships in the mite family Sarcoptidae (Acari: Astigmata). Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 180: i-vi, 1-154.

[LA02] Long, J., M. Archer, T. Flannery & S. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.

[R64] Ride, W. D. L. 1964. A list of mammals described from Australia between the years 1933 and 1963 (comprising newly proposed names and additions to the Australian faunal list). Australian Mammal Society Bulletin 7 (Suppl.): 1-15.

[S61] Sharman, G. B. 1961. The mitotic chromosomes of marsupials and their bearing on taxonomy and phylogeny. Australian Journal of Zoology 9 (1): 38-60.

[TL70] Turnbull, W. D. & E. L. Lundelius, Jr. 1970. The Hamilton fauna: a Late Pliocene mammalian fauna from the Grange Burn, Victoria, Australia. Fieldiana Geology 19: 1-163.

Macropodini

Yellow-footed rock wallaby Petrogale xanthopus, copyright Talexbikes.

Belongs within: Macropodinae.
Contains: Macropus.

The Macropodini is a clade including the 'true' wallabies and kangaroos. Members of this clade have high-crowned molars, reflecting a change in habit to grazing.

<==Macropodini
    |  i. s.: Baringa Flannery & Hann 1984 LA02
    |           `--*B. nelsonensis Flannery & Hann 1984 LA02
    |--+--Lagorchestes CB-E04
    |  |    |--L. asomatus Finlayson 1943 R64
    |  |    |--L. conspicillatus CB-E04
    |  |    |--L. hirsutus CB-E04
    |  |    `--L. leporides CB-E04
    |  `--+--Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard 1830) CB-E04, BD-D09
    |     `--+--Onychogalea CB-E04
    |        |    |--O. unguifera CB-E04
    |        |    `--+--O. fraenata CB-E04
    |        |       `--O. lunata CB-E04
    |        `--+--Macropus CB-E04
    |           |--Kurrabi Flannery & Archer 1984 LA02
    |           |    |--*K. mahoneyi Flannery & Archer 1984 LA02
    |           |    |--K. merriwaensis Flannery & Archer 1984 LA02
    |           |    `--K. pelchenorum Flannery, Rich et al. 1992 LA02
    |           `--Wallabia Trouessart 1905 CB-E04, LA02
    |                |--*W. bicolor (Desmarest 1804) LA02 [=Protemnodon bicolor S61; incl. Macropus ualabatus S61]
    |                |--W. eugenii TL70
    |                |--W. indra (De Vis 1895) LA02
    |                `--W. kitcheneri Flannery 1989 LA02
    `--+--Thylogale Gray 1837 LA02
       |    |  i. s.: T. eugenii R64 [=Protemnodon eugenii S61]
       |    |           |--T. e. eugenii R64
       |    |           `--T. e. decres Troughton 1941 R64
       |    |--*T. billardieri (Desmarest 1822) LA02, CB-E04 [=Protemnodon billardierii S61]
       |    |--T. ignis Flannery, Rich et al. 1992 LA02
       |    |--T. christenseni Hope 1981 LA02
       |    `--+--T. brunii CB-E04
       |       `--+--T. stigmatica CB-E04
       |          `--T. thetis CB-E04
       `--Petrogale CB-E04
            |  i. s.: P. herberti Thomas 1926 CO03
            |         P. sharmani COA02
            |--+--P. brachyotis CB-E04
            |  `--+--P. burbidgei CB-E04
            |     `--P. concinna CB-E04 [=Peradorcas concinna BP87]
            `--+--P. lateralis Gould 1842 CB-E04, S11
               |--P. persephone CB-E04
               |--P. rothschildi CB-E04
               |--P. xanthopus CB-E04
               `--+--P. inornata CB-E04
                  |--P. penicillata CB-E04
                  |    |--P. p. penicillata S61
                  |    `--P. p. pearsoni S61
                  `--+--P. assimilis CB-E04
                     `--P. godmani CB-E04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD-D09] Beveridge, I. & M.-C. Durette-Desset. 2009. A new species of the nematode genus Copemania (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida), parasitic in the western quoll, Dasyurus geoffroii and short-nosed bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus from south-western Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 345-349.

[BP87] Burton, J. A., & B. Pearson. 1987. Collins Guide to the Rare Mammals of the World. Collins: London.

[CO03] Cameron, S. L., & P. J. O’Donoghue. 2003. Trichostome ciliates from Australian marsupials. II. Polycosta gen. nov. (Litostomatea: Polycostidae fam. nov.) European Journal of Protistology 39: 83-99.

[COA02] Cameron, S. L., P. J. O’Donoghue & R. D. Adlard. 2002. Species diversity within Macropodinium (Litostomatea: Trichostomatia): endosymbiotic ciliates from Australian macropodid marsupials. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48 (1): 49-69.

[CB-E04] Cardillo, M., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, E. Boakes & A. Purvis. 2004. A species-level phylogenetic supertree of marsupials. Journal of Zoology 264: 11-31.

[LA02] Long, J., M. Archer, T. Flannery & S. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.

[R64] Ride, W. D. L. 1964. A list of mammals described from Australia between the years 1933 and 1963 (comprising newly proposed names and additions to the Australian faunal list). Australian Mammal Society Bulletin 7 (Suppl.): 1-15.

[S61] Sharman, G. B. 1961. The mitotic chromosomes of marsupials and their bearing on taxonomy and phylogeny. Australian Journal of Zoology 9 (1): 38-60.

[S11] Smales, L. R. 2011. New species and new locality records of the nematode genus Labiosimplex (Strongylida: Chabertiidae) from macropodid marsupials in Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 26 (2): 183-190.

[TL70] Turnbull, W. D. & E. L. Lundelius, Jr. 1970. The Hamilton fauna: a Late Pliocene mammalian fauna from the Grange Burn, Victoria, Australia. Fieldiana Geology 19: 1-163.

Peramelemorphia

New Guinea spiny bandicoot Echymipera kalubu, photographed by Michael Pennay.

Belongs within: Marsupialia.

The Peramelemorphia includes the bandicoots, a group of long-snouted Australian marsupials. Most species are insectivorous or carnivorous, though the now-extinct pig-footed bandicoot Chaeropus ecaudatus may have been a grazer (Long et al. 2002.

Characters (from Long et al. 2002): Lower molars with very large, un-notched anterior cingulid; upper molars with large adjacent stylar cusps C and D, and buccally shifted centrocrista. Hind feet syndactylous (at least in Perameloidea), with second and third toes reduced and joined by a web of skin).

<==Peramelemorphia
    |--Yarala Muirhead & Filan 1995 [Yaralidae, Yaraloidea] LA02
    |    |--*Y. burchfieldi Muirhead & Filan 1995 LA02
    |    `--Y. kida MJ11
    `--Perameloidea [Peramelidae] LA02
         |--Chaeropus ecaudatus CB-E04
         `--+--Thylacomyidae LA02
            |    |--Ischnodon Stirton 1955 LA02
            |    |    `--*I. australis Stirton 1955 LA02
            |    |--Macrotis CB-E04
            |    |    |--M. lagotis CB-E04
            |    |    `--M. leucura CB-E04
            |    `--Thylacomys nigripes WJ26
            `--+--+--Isoodon CB-E04
               |  |    |--I. macrourus (Gould 1842) CB-E04, K92
               |  |    `--+--I. auratus CB-E04
               |  |       `--I. obesulus (Shaw 1797) CB-E04, BD-D09
               |  `--Perameles Geoffroy 1803 CB-E04, LA02
               |       |  i. s.: P. allinghamensis Archer 1976 LA02
               |       |         P. bowensis Muirhead, Dawson & Archer 1997 LA02
               |       |         P. eremiana CB-E04
               |       |         P. wombeyensis Broom 1896 F71
               |       |--P. bougainville CB-E04
               |       `--+--*P. nasuta Geoffroy 1804 LA02, CB-E04, LA02
               |          `--P. gunnii CB-E04
               `--Peroryctidae LA02
                    |--Rhynchomeles prattorum LA02, BP87
                    |--Peroryctes CB-E04
                    |    |--P. broadbenti CB-E04
                    |    |--P. longicaudata TL70
                    |    `--P. raffrayana CB-E04
                    |--Microperoryctes LA02
                    |    |--M. longicauda CB-E04
                    |    |--M. murina CB-E04
                    |    `--M. papuensis CB-E04
                    `--Echymipera Lesson 1842 LA02
                         |--*E. kalubu (Lesson 1828) [=Perameles kalubu] R64
                         |--E. clara CB-E04
                         |--E. davidi CB-E04
                         |--E. doreyana TL70
                         |--E. echinista CB-E04
                         `--E. rufescens CB-E04
                              |--E. r. rufescens R64
                              `--E. r. australis Tate 1948 R64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD-D09] Beveridge, I. & M.-C. Durette-Desset. 2009. A new species of the nematode genus Copemania (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida), parasitic in the western quoll, Dasyurus geoffroii and short-nosed bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus from south-western Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 345-349.

[BP87] Burton, J. A., & B. Pearson. 1987. Collins Guide to the Rare Mammals of the World. Collins: London.

[CB-E04] Cardillo, M., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, E. Boakes & A. Purvis. 2004. A species-level phylogenetic supertree of marsupials. Journal of Zoology 264: 11-31.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

[K92] Klompen, J. S. H. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships in the mite family Sarcoptidae (Acari: Astigmata). Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 180: i-vi, 1-154.

[LA02] Long, J., M. Archer, T. Flannery & S. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.

[MJ11] Meredith, R. W., J. E. Janečka, J. Gatesy, O. A. Ryder, C. A. Fisher, E. C. Teeling, A. Goodbla, E. Eizirik, T. L. L. Simão, T. Stadler, D. L. Rabosky, R. L. Honeycutt, J. J. Flynn, C. M. Ingram, C. Steiner, T. L. Williams, T. J. Robinson, A. Burk-Herrick, M. Westerman, N. A. Ayoub, M. S. Springer & W. J. Murphy. 2011. Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science 334: 521-524.

[R64] Ride, W. D. L. 1964. A list of mammals described from Australia between the years 1933 and 1963 (comprising newly proposed names and additions to the Australian faunal list). Australian Mammal Society Bulletin 7 (Suppl.): 1-15.

[TL70] Turnbull, W. D. & E. L. Lundelius, Jr. 1970. The Hamilton fauna: a Late Pliocene mammalian fauna from the Grange Burn, Victoria, Australia. Fieldiana Geology 19: 1-163.

[WJ26] Wood Jones, F. 1926. The R. M. Johnston Memorial Lecture, 1925. The mammalian toilet and some considerations arising from it. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1925: 14-62.

Didelphidae

Central American woolly opossum Caluromys derbianus, photographed by Adam von Haden.

Belongs within: Marsupialia.
Contains: Didelphinae.

The Didelphidae includes the opossums of North and South America (some sources divide them between the Didelphidae sensu stricto and Caluromyidae, but the 'Caluromyidae' are probably paraphyletic to the other didelphids). Morphological synapomorphies for the Didelphidae remain uncertain, but the monophyly of this clade is supported by molecular analysis, and side-by-side epididymal sperm-pairing has been found in all species investigated for this trait (Jansa & Voss 2005).

<==Didelphidae [Caluromyidae, Caluromyinae, Pedimana]
    |--Glironia Thomas 1912 JV05, C57
    |    |--*G. venusta Thomas 1912 [incl. G. aequatorialis Anthony 1926] C57
    |    `--G. criniger Anthony 1926 C57
    `--+--+--Didelphinae JV05
       |  `--Hyladelphys Voss et al. 2001 JV05
       |       `--*H. kalinowskii (Hershkovitz 1992) [=Gracilinanus kalinowskii] JV05
       `--+--Caluromysiops Sanborn 1951 JV05, C57
          |    `--*C. irrupta Sanborn 1951 C57
          `--Caluromys Allen 1900 JV05, C57 [incl. Mallodelphis Thomas 1920 C57]
               |--*C. philander (Linnaeus 1758) [=Didelphis philander, Philander philander] C57
               |    |--C. p. philander (see below for synonymy) C57
               |    |--C. p. affinis (Wagner 1842) [=Didelphis affinis, Philander philander affinis] C57
               |    `--C. p. dichrurus (Wagner 1842) [=Didelphis dichrura, Philander philander dichrura] C57
               |--C. derbianus (Waterhouse 1841) (see below for synonymy) C57
               |    |--C. d. derbianus G69
               |    `--C. d. aztecus G69
               `--C. lanatus (Illiger 1815) (see below for synonymy) C57
                    |--C. l. lanatus (see below for synonymy) C57
                    |--C. l. cicur (Bangs 1898) (see below for synonymy) C57
                    |--C. l. ochropus (Wagner 1842) (see below for synonymy) C57
                    `--C. l. ornatus (Tschudi 1845) (see below for synonymy) C57

Didelphidae incertae sedis:
  Thylophorops chapalmensis V91
  Oligobiotherium divisum S32
  Sparassocynus Mercerat 1898 [Sparassocyninae] S74
    |--S. bahiai S74
    `--S. derivatus S74
  ‘Diaphorodon’ Simpson 1927 non Archer 1869 V66
    `--*D. curtus (Marsh 1889) [=Cimolestes curtus] V66
  Hondadelphys M77
  Zygolestes paranensis M77
  Peratherium [incl. Herpetotherium Cope 1873] M60
    |--‘*Herpetotherium’ fugax Cope 1873 [=H. fuzax] M60
    |--‘Herpetotherium’ huntii Cope 1873 M60
    |--‘Herpetotherium’ stevensonii Cope 1873 M60
    `--‘Herpetotherium’ tricuspis Cope 1873 M60
  Thylacodon Matthew & Granger 1921 SFY02

Caluromys derbianus (Waterhouse 1841) [=Didelphys derbiana, C. (Mallodelphis) derbianus, Philander laniger derbianus; incl. Micoureus antioquiae Matschie 1917, Didelphys guayanus Thomas 1899, Philander laniger guayanus, P. laniger pictus Thomas 1913, Caluromys laniger pyrrhus Thomas 1901, P. laniger senex Thomas 1913] C57

Caluromys lanatus (Illiger 1815) [=Didelphis lanata, Philander lanata; incl. Mallodelphis lanigera hemiura Miranda Ribeiro 1936, Micoureus pulcher Matschie 1917] C57

Caluromys lanatus cicur (Bangs 1898) [=Philander cicur, P. laniger cicur, P. laniger cicus; incl. Micoureus meridensis Matschie 1917] C57

Caluromys lanatus lanatus (Illiger 1815) [incl. Micoureus cahyensis Matschie 1917, Didelphis lanigera Desmarest 1820, Caluromys (Mallodelphis) laniger, Micoureus laniger, Philander laniger, Mallodelphis lanigera modesta Miranda Ribeiro 1936, Ma. lanigera nattereri Miranda Ribeiro 1936] C57

Caluromys lanatus ochropus (Wagner 1842) [=Didelphys ochropus, C. laniger ochropus, Mallodelphis lanigera ochropus; incl. M. lanigera vitalina Miranda Ribeiro 1936] C57

Caluromys lanatus ornatus (Tschudi 1845) [=Didelphys ornata, C. derbianus ornatus, C. laniger ornatus, Philander laniger ornatus; incl. Micoureus bartletti Matschie 1917, P. laniger jivaro Thomas 1913, M. juninensis Matschie 1917] C57

*Caluromys philander philander (Linnaeus 1758) [incl. Philanser cayopollin Burmeister 1856 non Didelphys cayopollin Schreber 1776, Didelphis longicaudata Pelzeln 1883, Caluromys trinitatis leucurus Thomas 1904, D. macrura Pelzeln 1883, C. trinitatis venezuelae Thomas 1903] C57

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C57] Cabrera, A. 1957. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. I (Metatheria—Unguiculata—Carnivora). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de Las Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Zoológicas 4 (1): 1–307.

[G69] Goodwin, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 141 (1): 1–269, 40 pls.

[JV05] Jansa, S. A., & R. S. Voss. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of the marsupial genus Hyladelphys based on nuclear gene sequences and morphology. Journal of Mammalogy 86 (5): 853–865.

[M77] Marshall, L. G. 1977. Cladistic analysis of borhyaenoid, dasyuroid, didelphoid, and thylacinid (Marsupialia: Mammalia) affinity. Systematic Zoology 26 (4): 410–425.

[M60] McKenna, M. C. 1960. The Geolabidinae: a new subfamily of early Cenozoic erinaceoid insectivores. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 37 (2): 131–164.

[SFY02] Scott, C. S., R. C. Fox & G. P. Youzwyshyn. 2002. New earliest Tiffanian (late Paleocene) mammals from Cochrane 2, southwestern Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 691–704.

[S32] Simpson, G. G. 1932. Some new or little-known mammals from the Colpodon beds of Patagonia. American Museum Novitates 575: 1–12.

[S74] Simpson, G. G. 1974. Notes on Didelphidae (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from the Huayquerian (Pliocene) of Argentina. American Museum Novitates 2559: 1–15.

[V91] Valkenburgh, B. van. 1991. Iterative evolution of hypercarnivory in canids (Mammalia: Carnivora): evolutionary interactions among sympatric predators. Paleobiology 17 (4): 340–362.

[V66] Van Valen, L. 1966. Deltatheridia, a new order of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 132 (1): 1–126.

Vombatomorphia

Southern hairy-nosed wombat Lasiorhinus latifrons, from Blanchetown Allsorts.

Belongs within: Diprotodontia.
Contains: Diprotodontidae.

The Vombatomorphia include the living wombats (Vombatidae) and their fossil relatives. These include such diverse forms as the marsupial lions (Thylacoleonidae), the rhinoceros-like Diprotodontidae, and the large clawed herbivores of the Palorchestidae.

Vombatomorphia
    |--Thylacoleonidae [Wakaleoninae] LA02
    |    |--Priscileo Rauscher 1987 LA02
    |    |    |--*P. pitikantensis Rauscher 1987 LA02
    |    |    `--P. roskellyae Gillespie 1997 LA02
    |    `--+--Wakaleo Clemens & Plane 1974 LA02
    |       |    |--*W. vanderleueri Clemens & Plane 1974 LA02
    |       |    |--W. alcootaensis Archer & Rich 1982 LA02
    |       |    `--W. oldfieldi Clemens & Plane 1974 LA02
    |       `--Thylacoleo Gervais 1852 [Thylacoleoninae] LA02
    |            |--*T. carnifex Owen 1858 LA02
    |            |--T. crassidentatus Bartholomai 1962 LA02
    |            |--T. hilli Pledge 1977 LA02
    |            |--T. oweni McCoy 1876 F71
    |            `--T. robustus Krefft 1872 F71
    `--+--Ilariidae LA02
       |    |--Kuterintja Pledge 1987 LA02
       |    |    `--*K. ngama Pledge 1987 LA02
       |    `--Ilaria Tedford & Woodburne 1987 LA02
       |         |--*I. illumidens Tedford & Woodburne 1987 LA02
       |         `--I. lawsoni Tedford & Woodburne 1987 LA02
       |--+--Wynyardiidae LA02
       |  |    |--Muramura Pledge 1987 LA02
       |  |    |    `--*M. williamsi Pledge 1987 LA02
       |  |    |--Namilamadeta Rich & Archer 1979 LA02
       |  |    |    `--*N. snideri Rich & Archer 1979 LA02
       |  |    `--Wynyardia Spencer 1901 LA02
       |  |         `--*W. bassiana Spencer 1901 LA02
       |  `--Diprotodontoidea LA02
       |       |--Diprotodontidae LA02
       |       `--Palorchestidae LA02
       |            |--Propalorchestes Murray 1986 LA02
       |            |    |--*P. novaculacephalus Murray 1986 LA02
       |            |    `--P. ponticulus Murray 1990 LA02
       |            `--Palorchestes Owen 1873 LA02
       |                 |--*P. azael Owen 1873 LA02
       |                 |--P. anulus Black 1997 LA02
       |                 |--P. painei Woodburne 1967 LA02
       |                 |--P. parvus De Vis 1895 LA02
       |                 |--P. rephaim Ramsay 1885 F71
       |                 `--P. selestiae Mackness 1995 LA02
       `--Vombatidae [Phascolomidae, Vombatoidea] LA02
            |  i. s.: Wombatula Troughton 1941 R64
            |           `--*W. gillespiei (De Vis 1900) [=Phascolomys gillespiei] R64
            |--Rhizophascolonus Stirton, Tedford & Woodburne 1967 LA02
            |    `--*R. crowcrofti Stirton, Tedford & Woodburne 1967 LA02
            `--+--Warendja Hope & Wilkinson 1982 LA02
               |    `--*W. wakefieldi Hope & Wilkinson 1982 LA02
               `--+--Vombatus Geoffroy 1803 LA02
                  |    |--*V. ursinus (Shaw 1800) LA02
                  |    `--V. hacketti (Glauert 1910) LA02
                  `--+--Ramsayia Tate 1951 LA02
                     |    |--*R. magna (Owen 1872) LA02
                     |    `--R. lemleyi (Archer 1976) LA02
                     `--+--Lasiorhinus Gray 1863 LA02
                        |    |--*L. latifrons (Owen 1845) LA02
                        |    |    |--L. l. latifrons R64
                        |    |    `--L. l. barnardi Longman 1939 R64
                        |    |--L. angustidens (De Vis 1891) LA02
                        |    |--L. gillespiei USDI77
                        |    `--L. krefftii CB-E04
                        `--+--Phascolonus Owen 1872 LA02
                           |    `--*P. gigas (Owen 1858) LA02 [=Phascolomys (Phascolonus) gigas F71]
                           `--Phascolomys LA02
                                |--P. curvirostris Owen 1885 F71
                                |--P. medius Owen 1872 LA02
                                |--P. ursinus A14
                                `--‘Phascolomis’ vombatus Leach 1815 R64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A14] Anderson, W. 1914. Notes on the occurrence of the sand-rock containing bones of extinct species of marsupials (emu, kangaroo, wombat, etc.) on King Island, Bass Strait, Tasmania. Records of the Australian Museum 10 (9): 275-283.

[CB-E04] Cardillo, M., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, E. Boakes & A. Purvis. 2004. A species-level phylogenetic supertree of marsupials. Journal of Zoology 264: 11-31.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

[LA02] Long, J., M. Archer, T. Flannery & S. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.

[R64] Ride, W. D. L. 1964. A list of mammals described from Australia between the years 1933 and 1963 (comprising newly proposed names and additions to the Australian faunal list). Australian Mammal Society Bulletin 7 (Suppl.): 1-15.

[USDI77] USDI (United States Department of the Interior). 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420-36431.