Williamsita (Androcrabro)

Williamsita cf. bivittata, copyright David Francis.

Belongs within: Crabronini.

The subgenus Androcrabro of the genus Williamsita is an Australasian group of wasps with a modified antenna in the male (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Eyes naked, inner orbits convergent below; scapal basin simple, without median tubercle, ecarinate; ocellar triangle broader than high; gena simple; occipital carina incomplete, curving anteriorly beneath head, not ending in a tubercle; male antenna with 13 articles; flagellum with first article elongate in both sexes, male flagellum with at least one article modified, without ventral hair fringe; palpal formula 6-4; mandible apically bidentate in both sexes, female with preapical tooth on inner margin, externoventral margin entire, inner margin without basal tooth; pronotal collar carinate anteriorly; scutum with strong admedian lines and notauli, scutal flange terminating on lateral margin above tegula, prescutellar sulcus foveate; axillae, scutellum, and metanotum simple; postspiracular carina continuous with omaulus, verticaulus present; sternaulus, hypersternaulus, and mesopleuraulus absent; propodeum weakly to moderately sculptured, dorsal face with enclosure weakly or not defined; lateral propodeal carina absent; recurrent vein joining submarginal cell at its outer third; hindwing normal, jugal lobe a third to a half length of submedian cell; gaster sessile; male with quadrate pygidial plate, that of female very narrow, concave.

<==Williamsita (Androcrabro Leclercq 1950) C85
    |--W. (*A.) neglecta (Smith 1868) [=Crabro neglectus] C85
    |--W. (A.) bivittata (Turner 1908) [=Crabro bivittatus] C85
    |--W. (A.) bushiella Leclercq 1974 C85
    |--W. (A.) manifestata (Turner 1915) [=Crabro (Solenius) manifestatus] C85
    |--W. (A.) ordinaria (Turner 1908) [=Crabro ordinarius] C85
    |--W. (A.) riekiella Leclercq 1974 C85
    |--W. (A.) serena (Turner 1915) [=Crabro serenus] BM76
    |--W. (A.) smithiensis Leclercq 1954 [=Crabro tridentatus Smith 1868 non Fabricius 1775] C85
    |--W. (A.) tasmanica (Smith 1856) [=Crabro tasmanicus] C85
    `--W. (A.) vedetta Leclercq 1974 C85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Rhopalum (Rhopalum)

Female Rhopalum clavipes, copyright Jeremy Early.

Belongs within: Crabronini.

The type subgenus of the genus Rhopalum is a widespread group of wasps characterised having the first gastral segment usually apically nodose, and a dull pygidial plate in the female (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Elongate form, head and thorax shining; eyes bare, inner orbits convergent below; scapal basin ecarinate dorsally; orbital foveae indistinct; occipital carina not forming a complete circle, separated from hypostomal carina; male antenna with 13 articles; scape ecarinate; palpal formula 5-3; mandible apically bidentate, externoventral margin entire, inner margin edentate; pronotal collar ecarinate anteriorly; axillae, scutellum and metanotum simple; propodeum finely sculptured; midtibia with an apical spur; basal segment of gaster usually nodose apically; male genitalia with gonobase U-shaped in dorsal view; pygidial plate of female dull, punctate.

<==Rhopalum Stephens 1829 (Rhopalum) C85
    |--R. (R.) clavipes (Linnaeus 1758) BM76 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--R. c. clavipes BM76
    |    `--R. c. jessonicum (Bischoff 1922) [=Crabro jessonicus] BM76
    |--R. (R.) angulicolle Cameron 1904 BM76
    |--R. (R.) antillarum Leclercq 1957 BM76
    |--R. (R.) austriacum (Kohl 1899) [=Crabro austriacus] BM76
    |--R. (R.) avexum Leclercq 1963 BM76
    |--R. (R.) beaumonti Móczár 1957 BM76
    |--R. (R.) calixtum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (R.) calverti (Pate 1947) [=Euplilis calverti] BM76
    |--R. (R.) claviventre (Cresson 1865) [=Crabro claviventris] BM76
    |--R. (R.) decavum Leclercq 1957 BM76
    |--R. (R.) dineurum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (R.) diopura (Pate 1947) [=Euplilis diopura] BM76
    |--R. (R.) domesticum Williams 1928 BM76
    |--R. (R.) ebetsuense Tsuneki 1952 BM76
    |--R. (R.) eucalypti Turner 1915 C85
    |--R. (R.) gracile Wesmael 1852 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--R. (R.) grahami Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (R.) grenadinum (Pate 1947) [=Euplilis grenadinus] BM76
    |--R. (R.) hakodatense Tsuneki 1960 BM76
    |--R. (R.) kedahense Leclercq 1957 BM76
    |--R. (R.) macrocephalum Turner 1915 C85
    |--R. (R.) minusculum Leclercq 1963 BM76
    |--R. (R.) mushaense Tsuneki 1971 BM76
    |--R. (R.) nicaraguense Cameron 1904 [incl. R. opacum Rohwer 1914] BM76
    |--R. (R.) oriolum Leclercq 1957 BM76
    |--R. (R.) parcimonium Leclercq 1963 BM76
    |--R. (R.) plaumanni Leclerq 1970 BM76
    |--R. (R.) potosium Leclercq 1970 BM76
    |--R. (R.) prisonium Leclercq 1970 BM76
    |--R. (R.) quitense (Benoist 1942) [=Crabro quitensis] BM76
    |--R. (R.) rotolum Leclercq 1970 BM76
    |--R. (R.) succineicollarum Tsuneki 1952 BM76
    |    |--R. s. succineicollarum BM76
    |    `--R. s. taiwanum Tsuneki 1971 BM76
    |--R. (R.) sumatrae Leclercq 1950 BM76
    |--R. (R.) tayalum Tsuneki 1966 BM76
    |--R. (R.) tenuiventre (Turner 1908) [=Crabro (R.) tenuiventris] C85
    |--R. (R.) tepicum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (R.) testaceum Turner 1917 C85
    |--R. (R.) tongyali Tsuneki 1963 BM76
    |--R. (R.) transiens (Turner 1908) [=Crabro (R.) transiens] C85
    |--R. (R.) tristani (Pate 1947) [=Euplilis tristani] BM76
    |--R. (R.) tsunekiense Leclercq 1957 BM76
    |--R. (R.) tuberculicorne Turner 1917 C85
    |--R. (R.) venustum Tsuneki 1955 BM76
    |--R. (R.) verutum (Rayment 1932) [=Dasyproctus verutus] C85
    `--R. (R.) yercaudi Leclercq 1963 BM76

Rhopalum (Rhopalum) clavipes (Linnaeus 1758) BM76 [=Sphex clavipes BM76; incl. Crabro rufiventris Panzer 1799 BM76, *Euplilis rufiventris BM76, *Physoscelus rufiventris BM76, *Rhopalum rufiventre C85]

Rhopalum (Rhopalum) gracile Wesmael 1852 [incl. Crabro kiesenwetteri Morawitz 1866, R. nigrinum Kiesenwetter 1849 non Crabro nigrinus Herrich-Schaeffer 1841, Corynopus simplicipes Morawitz 1888] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Podagritus (Echuca)

Holotype of Podagritus alevinus, copyright Museums Victoria.

Belongs within: Crabronini.

The subgenus Echuca of the genus Podagritus is an Australian group of wasps, distinguished from other members of the genus by a flat prepectus and low metapleuron (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Moderate sized, elongate forms; eyes bare, inner orbits convergent below; scapal basin ecarinate dorsally; antennal sockets close to each other and to orbits; male antenna with 13 articles, scape ecarinate: palpal formula 5-3; mandible with externoventral margin entire; propleura simple; scutum, axillae, scutellum and metanotum simple; prepectus flat, separated from pre-omaular area by an omaulus or by a different in plane; acetabular carina, mesopleuraulus and sternaulus absent; metapleuron plainly depressed below level of mesopleuron and propodeum, not gibbose; hindwing jugal lobe about as long as submedian cell; gaster pedunculate; female pygidial plate well defined, nearly flat, triangular, punctate.

<==Podagritus (Echuca Pate 1944) C85
    |--P. (*E.) tricolor (Smith 1856) [=Crabro tricolor; incl. C. (Rhopalum) militaris Turner 1908] C85
    |--P. (E.) alevinus Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--P. (E.) aliciae (Turner 1915) [=Rhopalum aliciae] C85
    |--P. (E.) anerus Leclercq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) australiensis Tsuneki 1977 C85
    |--P. (E.) burnsi Leclercq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) carolus Leclercq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) cornigerum (Tsuneki 1977) [=Rhopalum cornigerum] C85
    |--P. (E.) cygnorum (Turner 1915) [=Rhopalum cygnorum] C85
    |--P. (E.) doreeni Leclercq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) edgarus Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--P. (E.) imbelle (Turner 1915) [=Rhopalum tricolor imbelle] C85
    |--P. (E.) kiatae Leclercq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) krombeini Leclerq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) leptospermi (Turner 1915) [=Rhopalum leptospermi] C85
    |--P. (E.) marcellus Leclercq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) mullewanus Leclercq 1970 C85
    |--P. (E.) peratus Leclercq 1955 C85
    |--P. (E.) rieki Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--P. (E.) rufotaeniatus (Kohl 1905) [=Crabro rufotaeniatus; incl. P. getricus Leclercq 1957] BM76
    |--P. (E.) valdiviae Leclercq 1951 [incl. P. almagrus Leclercq 1957] BM76
    `--P. (E.) yarrowi Leclercq 1955 C85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Liris

Liris sp., copyright Judy Gallagher.

Belongs within: Larrini.

Liris is a diverse, cosmopolitan genus of mostly black, ground-nesting wasps that usually take crickets of the family Gryllidae as prey (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Upper inner angle of eye not bordered by deep sulcus; midocellar lens usually convex, hindocellar scars very small; frons and vertex dull to moderately shining (rarely highly polished), sometimes densely micropunctate (especially in subgenus Motes); frontal line a deep impression which is interrupted at transverse swelling; scape usually long, slender (shorter, more robust in Motes), scape and pedicel surfaces similar to that of flagellum, flagellomeres usually longer than broad and with placoids in male; clypeus often with a median longitudinal ridge, free margin usually with a rounded or truncate median lobe (triangular in some males) which often has a median notch, free margin of lobe often with a polished, asetose bevel, clypeal margin usually concave laterally; labrum transverse or quadrangular, hidden or iccasionally projecting slightly beyond clypeus, free margin usually with a median notch; inner margin of mandible usually with one or two subbasal teeth, or rarely mandible apex with subapical tooth; externoventral margin at most with a weak subbasal V-shaped notch or with a large semicircular notch or strong angulation; dorsum of collar in both sexes usually below level of scutum, and usually thin (sharp-edged), wedge-shaped and usually fitting closely with scutum; notauli usually present; propodeum rather long, rectangular or somewhat rounded posteriorly, propodeal surface dull to strongly shining, dorsum and posterior face variably sculptured, sides usually smooth or diagonally ridged, rarely with very fine pinprick punctures; terga usually dull and often with transverse apical fasciae, tergum I with lateral carina, II sometimes with a weak carina basally; female sternum II usually with a paw of flattened, oval areas basally, which are separated by a basomedian longitudinal ridge or bulge; male sterna sometimes with special erect or decumbent vestiture arranged in apical rows or tufts, sternum II sometimes strongly bulging basally, hindmargin of sternum II sometunes with a median process, sternum VII sometimes modified, sterna III–VII sometimes depressed; female with a pygidial plate which is defined by carinae, surface glabrous, pruinose, or partially to fully covered with appressed setae, a few scattered erect hairs sometimes intermixed in latter case, surface dull or shining, punctate or impunctate, apex usually with a transverse row of stout setae, sometimes emarginate; male sometimes with a pygidial plate, surface covered with fine decumbent setae and apex broadly emarginate; femora and tibiae usually slender in both sexes, closing face of male hindfemur sometimes flattened or excavate, foretibia in both sexes without spine rows on outer face except in a few exceptional species in which foretarsal rake is strongly developed, midtibia with two or three and hindtibia with two spine rows, but each often composed of two or three slender wide-spaced spines, hindtibia usually at least angulate in cross stxtion or with a longitudinal carina, the edge of which is polished; foretarsus with or without a rake; last female tarsomere of mid and hind legs usually angled in profile, sides parallel on apical half in dorsal view and venter with dense hairmat, last male tarsomere normal, female claws usually long and prehensile, inner margin of claw usually simple; recurrent veins of forewing sometimes joining before reaching submarginal cell; apex of male sternum VIII rounded or truncate, often emarginate: volsella long and slender, sometimes exceeding length of aedeagus.

Liris Fabricius 1804 C85 [=Lirisis Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815 BM76]
    |--L. (Liris) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) aurulenta (Fabricius 1787) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) anthracina Kohl 1892 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) atropos Gribodo 1894 [incl. L. africana Turner 1917] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) aurifrons (Smith 1859) [=Larrada aurifrons; incl. Liris nitida Cameron 1913] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) carolinensis Yasumatsu 1941 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) clypeata (Smith 1873) [=Larrada clypeata] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) corniger Williams 1936 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) cowani (Kirby 1883) [=Larrada cowani; incl. Liris pedestris Saussure 1892] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) diabolica (Smith 1873) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) ducalis (Smith 1860) [=Larrada ducalis; incl. Liris nigripennis Cameron 1889] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) esakii Yasumatsu 1941 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) gibbosa Kohl 1892 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) krombeini Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) mandibularis Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) melania Turner 1916 C85
    |    |--L. (L.) mindanaoensis Williams 1928 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) modesta (Smith 1859) [=Larrada modesta; incl. La. vindex Smith 1860] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) mordax Kohl 1892 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) sagax Kohl 1892 BM76
    |    `--L. (L.) samoensis Williams 1928 BM76
    |--L. (Leptolarra Cameron 1900) C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--L. (L.) nigricans (Walker 1871) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |    |--L. n. nigricans BM76
    |    |    `--L. n. reticuloides (Richards 1935) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) abbreviata (Turner 1908) [=Notogonia abbreviata] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) agilis (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) agitata (Turner 1908) [=Notogonia agitata] C85
    |    |--‘*Chrysolarra appendiculata’ Cameron 1901 nec Larrada appendiculata Taschenberg 1870 nec Caenolarra appendiculata Cameron 1900 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) argentata (Palisot de Beauvois 1811) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) basilissa (Turner 1908) [=Notogonia basilissa] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) bembesiana (Bischoff 1913) [=Notogonia bembesiana] BM76
    |    |    |--L. b. bembesiana BM76
    |    |    `--L. b. pseudocroesus (Arnold 1940) [=Motes pseudocroesus] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) chrysonota (Smith 1869) [=Larrada chrysonota; incl. La. crassipes Smith 1873] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) ciliata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada ciliata] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) commixta (Turner 1908) [=Notogonia commixta] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) croesus (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |    |--L. c. croesus BM76
    |    |    `--L. c. congoensis (Arnold 1932) [=Notogonidea congoensis] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) denticulata (Turner 1920) [=Notogonia denticulata] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) dentipes (Turner 1917) [=Notogonia dentipes] BM76
    |    |    |--L. d. dentipes BM76
    |    |    `--L. d. tanganyikae Arnold 1947 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) festinans (Smith 1859) C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--L. f. festinans BM76
    |    |    `--L. f. japonica (Kohl 1884) [=Notogonia japonica, *Nigliris japonica] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) flavipennis (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea flavipennis] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius 1804) C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--L. h. haemorrhoidalis C85
    |    |    |--L. h. jocositarsa Saussure 1887 BM76
    |    |    `--L. h. magnifica Kohl 1884 C85
    |    |--L. (L.) lutusator (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea lutusator] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) memnonia (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |    |--L. m. memnonia BM76
    |    |    `--L. m. coloripes (Arnold 1940) [=Motes coloripes] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) miscophoides (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonidea miscophoides] BM76
    |    |    |--L. m. miscophoides BM76
    |    |    `--L. m. aegyptiaca Beaumont 1961 BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) neavei (Turner 1917) [=Notogonia neavei] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) negrosensis (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea negrosensis, L. (*Colloliris) negrosensis] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) nigra (Fabricius 1775) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |    |--L. n. nigra BM76
    |    |    `--L. n. namana (Bischoff 1913) [=Notogonia namana] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) obliquetruncata (Turner 1908) [=Notogonia obliquetruncata] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) pictipennis (Maidl 1924) [=Notogonia pictipennis] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) recondita (Turner 1916) [=Notogonia recondita] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) regina (Turner 1908) [=Notogonia regina] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) rufipennis Fabricius 1804 [incl. Notogonia compressifemur Giner Marí 1944] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) rufitarsis (Cameron 1900) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) serena (Turner 1908) [=Notogonia serena] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) sericosoma (Turner 1913) [=Notogonia sericosoma] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) simulatrix (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonidea simulatrix] BM76
    |    |--L. (L.) spathulifera (Turner 1916) [=Notogonia spathulifera] C85
    |    |--L. (L.) subtessellata (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    `--L. (L.) tenebrosa (Smith 1873) [=Larrada tenebrosa] BM76
    `--L. (Motes Kohl 1896) BM76
         |--L. (*M.) odontophora (Kohl 1894) [=Larra odontophora, Notogonia odontophora] BM76
         |--L. (M.) antica (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--L. (M.) bidentata (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonia bidentata] BM76
         |--L. (M.) flavinerva (Cameron 1900) [=Leptolarra flavinerva; incl. Motes larroides Williams 1928] BM76
         |--L. (M.) fulvipes Fabricius 1804 (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--L. (M.) fulviventris (Guérin-Méneville 1844) [=Lyrops fulviventris] BM76
         |--L. (M.) inopinata Beaumont 1961 BM76
         |--L. (M.) larroides (Williams 1928) [=Motes larroides] BM76
         |    |--L. l. larroides BM76
         |    `--L. m. taiwanus (Tsuneki 1967) [=Motes taiwanus] BM76
         |--L. (M.) peruana (Brèthes 1924) [=Notogonia peruana] BM76
         |--L. (M.) rubella (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--L. (M.) rugifera (Turner 1918) [=Motes rugifer] BM76
         `--L. (M.) splendens (Ashmead 1900) [=Motes splendens] BM76

Liris incertae sedis:
  L. abyssinica (Arnold 1933) [=Notogonidea abyssinica] BM76
  L. aciculata (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia aciculata] BM76
  L. aedilis (Smith 1869) [=Larrada aedilis] BM76
  L. aequalis (Fox 1893) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. alaris (Saussure 1892) [=Notogonia alaris] BM76
    |--L. a. alaris BM76
    `--L. a. felina (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonidea felina] BM76
  L. alberti (Arnold 1943) [=Leptolarra alberti] BM76
  L. albopilosa Tsuneki 1967 BM76
  L. angustiventris (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonidea angustiventris] BM76
  L. antaka (Saussure 1890) [=Notogonia antaka, N. antaca Saussure 1892; incl. N. ancara Saussure 1891] BM76
    |--L. a. antaka BM76
    `--L. a. transvaalensis (Cameron 1910) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  ‘Notogonia anthracina’ Cameron 1903 non Liris anthracina Kohl 1892 BM76
  L. antilles (Krombein 1953) [=Motes antilles] BM76
  L. apicalis (Fox 1896) [=Notogonia apicalis] BM76
  L. apicipennis (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia apicipennis] BM76
  L. appendiculata (Taschenberg 1870) [=Larrada appendiculata] BM76
  L. argenticauda (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia argenticauda; incl. N. chrysura Cameron 1889] BM76
  L. argentifrons (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia argentifrons] BM76
  L. aterrima (Smith 1856) [=Larrada aterrima] BM76
  L. atrata (Spinola 1805) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. atrox Arnold 1959 BM76
  L. aureosericea (Cameron 1901) [=Chrysolarra aureosericea] BM76
  L. australis (Saussure 1855) C85 [=Tachytes australis C85, Notogonia australis R70]
  L. avellanipes (Saussure 1890) [=Notogonia avellanipes] BM76
    |--L. a. avellanipes BM76
    `--L. a. flavivena Arnold 1947 BM76
  L. bakeri (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea bakeri] BM76
  L. beata (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia beata] BM76
  L. bella (Lepeletier 1845) [=Tachytes bellus] BM76
  ‘Notogonia bella’ Rohwer 1911 non Tachytes bellus Lepeletier 1845 BM76
  L. bengalensis (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia bengalensis] BM76
  L. bequaerti (Arnold 1929) [=Notogonidea bequaerti] BM76
  L. bicolor (Kirby 1900) [=Notogonia bicolor] BM76
  L. borneana Tsuneki 1974 BM76
  L. bradleyi (Maidl 1925) [=Notogonia bradleyi] BM76
  L. braueri Kohl 1884 BM76
  L. braunsi (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonidea braunsi] BM76
  L. bredoi Benoit 1951 BM76
  L. brunnipennis Arnold 1945 BM76
  L. caeruleipennis (Maidl 1925) [=Notogonia caeruleipennis] BM76
  L. campestris (Smith 1856) [=Larrada campestris] BM76
  L. championi (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia championi] BM76
  L. cheesmanae Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 [=Notogonidea nitida Cheesman 1937 non Cameron 1913] BM76
  L. chrysobapta (Smith 1862) [=Larrada chrysobapta] BM76
  L. cleopatra Beaumont 1961 BM76
  L. clypeopunctata Tsuneki 1974 BM76
  L. conjungens (Walker 1871) [=Larrada conjungens] BM76
  L. consobrina Arnold 1959 BM76
  L. conspicua (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. coronalis (Smith 1856) [=Larrada coronalis] BM76
  L. crassicornis (Maidl 1925) [=Notogonia crassicornis] BM76
  L. crepitans Leclerq 1967 BM76
  L. cubitalis (Saussure 1887) [=Notogonia cubitalis] BM76
  L. decorata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada decorata] BM76
  L. dejecta Arnold 1945 BM76
  L. deplanata (Kohl 1884) [=Notogonia deplanata] BM76
    |--L. d. deplanata BM76
    `--L. d. binghami Tsuneki 1967 BM76
  L. distinguenda (Spinola 1841) [=Larra distinguenda] BM76
  L. dives (Lepeletier 1845) [=Tachytes dives] BM76
  L. docilis (Smith 1873) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. domingana (Strand 1911) [=Notogonia domingana] BM76
  L. dominicana Evans 1972 BM76
  L. dyscheira (Saussure 1892) [=Notogonia dyscheira; incl. Larra dasycheira Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
  L. elegans (Bingham 1897) [=Larra elegans] BM76
  L. erythropoda (Cameron 1890) [=Notogonia erythropoda] BM76
  L. erythropyga (Arnold 1940) [=Motes erythropyga] BM76
  L. erythrotoma (Cameron 1908) [=Notogonia erythrotoma] BM76
  L. extensa (Walker 1860) [=Larrada extensa] BM76
  L. facilis (Smith 1873) [=Larrada facilis] BM76
  L. fasciata (Smith 1873) [=Larrada fasciata] BM76
  L. ferrugineipes (Lepeletier 1845) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. flavitincta (Arnold 1940) [=Motes flavitincta] BM76
  L. formosana Tsuneki 1973 BM76
  L. foveiscutis (Cameron 1913) [=Notogonia foveiscutis] BM76
  L. fuliginosa (Dahlbom 1843) [=Larra fuliginosa; incl. Larrada dahlbomi Cresson 1865] BM76
  L. funerea (Smith 1864) [=Larrada funerea] BM76
  L. fuscata Tsuneki 1971 BM76
  L. fuscinerva (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia fuscinerva] BM76
  L. fuscistigma (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia fuscistigma] BM76
  L. ganahlii (Dalla Torre 1897) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. gastrifera (Strand 1910) [=Notogonia gastrifera] BM76
  L. gowdeyi (Turner 1913) [=Notogonia gowdeyi] BM76
  L. gracilicornis (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonidea gracilicornis] BM76
  L. gryllicida Evans 1972 BM76
  L. hanedai Tauneki 1971 BM76
  L. incerta Arnold 1945 BM76
  L. indica (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia indica] BM76
  L. insularis (Saussure 1867) [=Larrada insularis] BM76
  L. intermedia (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia intermedia] BM76
  L ‘intermedia’ Tsuneki 1972 non Notogonia intermedia Cameron 1903 nec Notogonidea intermedia Arnold 1923 nec Liris intermedia Williams 1928 BM76
  ‘Notogonia iridipennis’ Maidl 1925 non Larra iridipennis Cameron 1900 BM76
  L. iriomotensis Tsuneki 1972 BM76
  L. irrorata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada irrorata; incl. Larra fraudulenta Kohl 1894] BM76
    |--L. i. irrorata BM76
    `--L. i. tibialis (Arnold 1932) [=Notogonidea tibialis] BM76
  L. ituriensis Benoit 1951 BM76
  L. jaculator (Smith 1856) [=Larrada jaculator; incl. Notogonia chapmani Cameron 1900] BM76
  ‘Chrysolarra japonica’ Cameron 1901 non Notogonia japonica Kohl 1884 BM76
  L. jucunda Arnold 1959 BM76
  L. karnyi (Maidl 1927) [=Notogonidea karnyi] BM76
  L. keiseri (Leclercq 1962) [=Motes keiseri] BM76
  L. khasiana (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia khasiana] BM76
  L. kuchingensis (Cameron 1909) [=Notogonia kuchingensis] BM76
  L. labiata (Fabricius 1793) [=Sphex labiatus; incl. Larrada ignipennis Smith 1856] BM76
  L. laboriosa (Smith 1856) [=Larrada laboriosa; incl. Notogonia crawfordi Rohwer 1910] BM76
  L. larriformis (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea larriformis] BM76
  L. laterisetosa (Spinola 1851) [=Larra laterisetosa] BM76
  L. ligulata (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea ligulata] BM76
  L. limpidipennis (Smith 1873) [=Larrada limpidipennis] BM76
  L. liriformis (Williams 1947) [=Notogonidea liriformis] BM76
  L. litoralis Tsuneki 1963 BM76
  L. longicornis (Cameron 1900) [=Larra longicornis] BM76
  L. longitarsis (Cameron 1900) [=Leptolarra longitarsis] BM76
  L. luctuosa (Smith 1856) [=Larrada luctuosa] BM76
  L. luteipennis (Cresson 1869) [=Larrada luteipennis] BM76
  L. maidli (Arnold 1929) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. mescalero (Pate 1943) [=Motes mescalero] BM76
  L. mindanao Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. minima (Arnold 1923) [=Notogonidea minima] BM76
    |--L. m. minima BM76
    `--L. m. lacustris Arnold 1947 BM76
  L. montivaga (Cameron 1908) [=Notogonia montivaga] BM76
  L. morio Kohl 1892 BM76
  L. morrae (Strand 1910) [=Notogonia morrae] BM76
  L. muesebecki (Krombein 1954) [=Motes muesebecki] BM76
  L. murina (Dahlbom 1843) [=Tachytes murinus] BM76
  L. nigripes (Saussure 1867) [=Larrada nigripes] C85
  L. nitens (Arnold 1929) [=Notogonidea nitens] BM76
  L. nugax (Kohl 1894) [=Larra nugax; incl. Notogonia dixeyi Bingham 1912, N. pilosifrons Turner 1916] BM76
  L. obtusedentata (Maidl 1925) [=Notogonia obtusedentata] BM76
  L. opalipennis (Kohl 1898) [=Notogonia opalipennis] BM76
    |--L. o. opalipennis BM76
    `--L. o. cypriaca Beaumont 1961 BM76
  L. ordinaria (Arnold 1932) [=Notogonidea ordinaria] BM76
  L. ornatitarsis (Cameron 1911) [=Notogonia ornatitarsis] BM76
  L. pacificatrix (Turner 1908) [=Larra pacificatrix] BM76
  L. panamensis (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia panamensis] BM76
  L. parva (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia parva] BM76
  L. ‘peruana’ (Brèthes 1926) [=Tachytes peruanus non Notogonia peruana Brèthes 1926] BM76
  L. picipes (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia picipes] BM76
  L. piliventris (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia piliventris] BM76
  L. pilosa (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia pilosa] BM76
  L. pitamawa (Rohwer 1919) [=Cratolarra pitamawa] BM76
  L. plebeja (Taschenberg 1870) [=Larrada plebeja] BM76
  L. pluto (Smith 1856) [=Tachytes pluto] BM76
  L. politica (Dalla Torre 1897) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. praedatrix (Strand 1910) [=Notogonia praedatrix] BM76
  L. praetermissa (Richards 1928) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. primania (Kohl 1894) [=Larra primania] BM76
  L. pruinosa (Smith 1873) [=Larrada pruinosa] BM76
  ‘Chrysolarra pruinosa’ Cameron 1901 non Larrada pruinosa Smith 1873 BM76
  L. pulcherrima (Cameron 1902) [=Notogonia pulcherrima] BM76
  L. punctata Tsuneki 1974 BM76
  L. pygmaea (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia pygmaea] BM76
  L. quadrifasciata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada quadrifasciata] BM76
  L. radialis (Saussure 1887) [=Notogonia radialis; incl. N. radamae Saussure 1891] BM76
  L. radulina Evans 1972 BM76
  L. robusta (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea robusta] BM76
    |--L. r. robusta BM76
    `--L. r. planata Tsuneki 1963 BM76
  L. robustoides (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea robustoides] BM76
  L. rohweri (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea rohweri] BM76
  L. rubricata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada rubricata] BM76
  L. rufoscapa (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia rufoscapa] BM76
  L. sabrina (Leclercq 1961) [=Motes sabrina] BM76
  L. sabulosa (Smith 1864) [=Larrada sabulosa] BM76
  L. samoa Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. scabriuscula Arnold 1945 BM76
  L. semiappendiculata (Cameron 1912) [=Tachysphex semiappendiculatus] BM76
  L. sepulchralis (Gerstaecker 1857) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--L. s. sepulchralis BM76
    `--L. s. hova Arnold 1945 BM76
  L. seychellensis (Cameron 1907) [=Notogonia seychellensis; incl. N. rufofemorata Cameron 1907] BM76
  L. silvicola (Williams 1928) [=Notogonidea silvicola] BM76
  L. solstitialis (Smith 1856) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--L. s. solstitialis BM76
    `--L. s. anubis Beaumont 1970 (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. sophiae Evans 1972 BM76
  L. sternalis (Rohwer 1914) [=Notogonidea sternalis] BM76
  L. strenua (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia strenua] BM76
  L. striaticollis (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia striaticollis] BM76
  L. subfasciata (Walker 1871) [=Larrada subfasciata; incl. Notogonidea egregia Arnold 1929] BM76
  L. subpetiolata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada subpetiolata] BM76
  L. sulcifrons (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia sulcifrons] BM76
  L. sumatrensis (Maidl 1927) [=Notogonidea sumatrensis] BM76
  L. surusumi Tsuneki 1966 [incl. L. shirozui Tsuneki 1966] BM76
  L. tachytoides Tsuneki 1963 BM76
  L. tanoi Tsuneki 1974 BM76
  L. tegularis (Cameron 1902) [=Notogonia tegularis] BM76
  ‘Notogonia tegularis’ Cameron 1905 non Cameron 1902 BM76
  L. testaceicornis (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia testaceicornis] BM76
  L. thaiana Tsuneki 1963 [incl. Notogonidea liroides Williams 1928 non Motes liroides Turner 1913] BM76
  L. thysanomera (Kohl 1894) [=Larra thysanomera] BM76
    |--L. t. thysanomera BM76
    `--L. t. usambaraensis (Cameron 1908) [=Notogonia usambaraensis] BM76
  L. tinctipennis (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia tinctipennis] BM76
  L. tisiphone (Smith 1858) [=Larrada tisiphone] BM76
  L. townesi (Krombein 1949) [=Motes townesi] BM76
  L. transversa Cheesman 1955 BM76
  L. trifasciata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada trifasciata] BM76
  L. ‘trifasciata’ Tsuneki 1974 non Larrada trifasciata Smith 1856 BM76
  L. tristis (Smith 1856) [=Larrada tristis] BM76
  L. trivittata (Korby 1900) [=Tachytes trivittatus; incl. Notogonia expedita Kohl 1906] BM76
  L. tropicalis Arnold 1960 BM76
  L. truncata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada truncata] BM76
  L. truncatula (Dalla Torre 1897) (see below for synonymy) BM76
  L. uelensis Benoit 1951 BM76
  L. umbripennis (Cameron 1902) [=Notogonia umbripennis] BM76
  L. utopica (Leclercq 1961) [=Motes utopicus] BM76
  L. vagans (Arnold 1940) [=Motes vagans] BM76
  L. varipilosa (Cameron 1903) [=Notogonia varipilosa] BM76
  L. vigilans (Smith 1856) [=Larrada vigilans] BM76
  L. vinulenta (Cresson 1865) [=Larrada vinulenta] BM76
    |--L. v. vinulenta BM76
    `--L. v. muspa (Pate 1943) [=Motes muspus] BM76
  L. violaceipennis (Cameron 1889) [=Notogonia violaceipennis] BM76
  L. ‘violaceipennis’ Cameron 1904 non Notogonia violaceipennis Cameron 1889 BM76
  L. vivax (Cameron 1905) [=Notogonia vivax] BM76
  L. voeltzkowii (Kohl 1909) [=Notogonia voeltzkowii] BM76
  L. vollenhovia (Ritsema 1874) [=Larrada vollenhovia, Notogonia vollenhovenia Schulz 1904] BM76
  L. wheeleri Arnold 1960 BM76
  L. xanthoptera Arnold 1945 BM76
    |--L. x. xanthoptera BM76
    `--L. x. nyasae Arnold 1947 BM76

Liris aequalis (Fox 1893) [=Notogonia aequalis; incl. N. montezuma Cameron 1889, Larra nigripennata Dalla Torre 1897, N. nigripennis Fox 1893 non Cameron 1889, N. occidentalis Viereck 1903, N. subaequalis Rohwer 1909] BM76

Liris antaka transvaalensis (Cameron 1910) [=Notogonia transvaalensis; incl. Notogonia brevicarinata Cameron 1910, Notogonidea griseola Arnold 1923, Notogonia massaica Cameron 1908, Notogonia pretoriaensis Cameron 1910] BM76

Liris atrata (Spinola 1805) [=Larra atrata; incl. Larra micans Spinola 1806, Tachytes nigritus Lepeletier 1845, Notogonia pharaonum Kohl 1906] BM76

Liris conspicua (Smith 1856) [=Larrada conspicua; incl. Notogonia luteipennis Cameron 1890 non Larrada luteipennis Cresson 1869, N. pulchripennis Cameron 1889] BM76

Liris docilis (Smith 1873) [=Larrada docilis; incl. Notogonia manilensis Rohwer 1910, Larrada tisiphone Smith 1873 non Smith 1858, Larra tisiphonoides Dalla Torre 1897, Liris vortex Tsuneki 1966] BM76

Liris ferrugineipes (Lepeletier 1845) [=Tachytes ferrugineipes; incl. Larra pallidipes Dalla Torre 1897, Larrada pallipes Smith 1856] BM76

Liris ganahlii (Dalla Torre 1897) [=Notogonia ganahlii; incl. Notogonia rufipes Saussure 1892 non Larrada rufipes Smith 1859] BM76

Liris maidli (Arnold 1929) [=Notogonidea maidli; incl. Notogonia minima Maidl 1924 non Notogonidea minima Arnold 1923] BM76

Liris mindanao Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 [=Notogonidea mindanaoensis Williams 1928 non Liris mindanaoensis Williams 1928] BM76

Liris politica (Dalla Torre 1897) [=Larra politica; incl. Larrada polita Taschenberg 1870 non Smith 1857] BM76

Liris praetermissa (Richards 1928) [=Notogonia praetermissa; incl. Leptolarra schulthessi Giner Marí 1942] BM76

Liris samoa Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 [=Notogonidea samoensis Williams 1928 non Liris samoensis Williams 1928] BM76

Liris sepulchralis (Gerstaecker 1857) [=Lyrops sepulchralis; incl. Notogonidea intermedia Arnold 1923 non Notogonia intermedia Cameron 1903] BM76

Liris solstitialis (Smith 1856) [=Larrada solstitialis; incl. Notogonia cnemophila Cameron 1908, N. femoralis Saussure 1887] BM76

Liris solstitialis anubis Beaumont 1970 [incl. L. tibialis Beaumont 1961 non Notogonidea tibialis Arnold 1932] BM76

Liris truncatula (Dalla Torre 1897) [=Notogonia truncatula; incl. N. truncata Cameron 1889 non Larrada truncata Smith 1856] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra Cameron 1900) C85 [incl. Caenolarra Cameron 1900 BM76, Chrysolarra Cameron 1901 BM76, Colloliris Tsuneki 1974 BM76, Dociliris Tsuneki 1967 BM76, Nigliris Tsuneki 1967 BM76, Notogonia Costa 1867 non Perty 1850 BM76, Notogonius (l. c.) BM76, Notogonidea Rohwer 1911 BM76, Spanolarra Cameron 1900 BM76]

Liris (Leptolarra) agilis (Smith 1856) [=Larrada agilis; incl. Liris cooperi Beaumont 1950, Notogonia costae Magretti 1884] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) argentata (Palisot de Beauvois 1811) [=Larra argentata; incl. Larrada nuda Taschenberg 1870, Larrada pennsylvanica Smith 1856, Larra pensylvanica Palisot de Beauvois 1811] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) croesus (Smith 1856) [=Larrada croesus; incl. Motes deceptor Turner 1916, M. liroides Turner 1913, Notogonia pseudoliris Turner 1913] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) festinans (Smith 1859) C85 [=Larrada festinans C85; incl. Notogonia manilae Ashmead 1904 C85, Notogonia retiaria Turner 1908 C85, Notogonidea williamsi Rohwer 1919 BM76]

Liris (Leptolarra) haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius 1804) C85 [=Pompilus haemorrhoidalis BM76; incl. Lyrops auriventris Guérin-Méneville 1835 BM76, Tachytes illudens Lepeletier 1845 BM76, Liris orichalcea Dahlbom 1843 BM76, Liris rubricans Pérez 1895 BM76, Lyrops savignyi Spinola 1838 BM76]

Liris (Leptolarra) memnonia (Smith 1856) [=Larrada memnonia; incl. Tachytes funebris Radoszkowski 1876, La. obscura Magretti 1884, La. semiargentia Taschenberg 1870, Motes setiger Arnold 1940] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) nigra (Fabricius 1775) [=Sphex niger, Larra nigra, *Notogonia nigra, *Notogonidea nigra, Pompilus niger, Tachytes niger; incl. Notogonia baguenai Giner Marí 1934, Larra confusa Radoszkowski 1887, Tachytes germabensis Radoszkowski 1893, Larra iridipennis Cameron 1900, Larra nana Bingham 1897, Larra nigriventris Cameron 1889, Larra pompiliformis Panzer 1806-1809 non Panzer 1804, Anoplius uniocellatus Dufour 1834] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) nigricans (Walker 1871) [=Larrada nigricans; incl. Notogonia argyropyga Costa 1875, Larra jugurthae Gribodo 1894, N. mahensis Cameron 1908, Larra palumbula Kohl 1894, N. punctipleura Cameron 1908, N. reticulata Saussure 1892, N. sculpturata Kohl 1892] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) nigricans reticuloides (Richards 1935) [=Leptolarra reticuloides; incl. Liris indica Arnold 1945 non Notogonia indica Cameron 1903, *Le. reticulata Cameron 1900 non N. reticulata Saussure 1892] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) rufitarsis (Cameron 1900) [=*Spanolarra rufitarsis; incl. *Caenolarra appendiculata Cameron 1900 non Larrada appendiculata Taschenberg 1870, Notogonidea flavipennis Williams 1928] BM76

Liris (Leptolarra) subtessellata (Smith 1856) [=Larrada subtessellata, *Dociliris subtessellata; incl. La. exilipes Smith 1856, Notogonia insularis Cameron 1913 non Larrada insularis Saussure 1867, Notogonidea luzonensis Rohwer 1919] BM76

Liris (Liris) aurulenta (Fabricius 1787) BM76 [=Sphex aurulentus BM76; incl. S. auratus Fabricius 1787 non S. aurata Linnaeus 1758 BM76, *Liris aurata C85, Tachytes auropilosus Rohwer 1911 BM76, T. opulentus Lepeletier 1845 BM76, T. purpureipennis Matsumura & Uchida 1926 BM76]

Liris (Liris) diabolica (Smith 1873) [=Larrada diabolica; incl. Tachytes capitalis Radoszkowski 1881, Larra opipara Kohl 1894, Liris violaceipennis Cameron 1908 non Cameron 1889] BM76

Liris (Liris) krombeini Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 [=L. williamsi Krombein 1949 non Notogonidea williamsi Rohwer 1919] BM76

Liris (Liris) mandibularis Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976 [=L. intermedia Williams 1928 nec Notogonia intermedia Cameron 1903 nec Notogonidea intermedia Arnold 1923] BM76

Liris (Motes) antica (Smith 1856) [=Larrada antica; incl. Tachysphex rufogeniculatus Cameron 1912] BM76

Liris (Motes) fulvipes Fabricius 1804 [incl. Larrada angustata Taschenberg 1870, Tachysphex longiventris Cameron 1912, Motes rufithorax Ducke 1908] BM76

Liris (Motes) rubella (Smith 1856) [=Larrada rubella; incl. Liris arnoldi Benoit 1951, Larra cyphononyx Kohl 1894] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[R70] Riek, E. F. 1970. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 867–959. Melbourne University Press.

Rhopalum (Corynopus)

Rhopalum coarctatum, copyright Dick Belgers.

Belongs within: Crabronini.

The subgenus Corynopus of the genus Rhopalum is a group of wasps, widespread but most diverse in Australia, characterised by a flat and shiny pygidial plate in the female (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Elongate form, head and thorax shining; eyes bare, inner orbits convergent below; scapal basin ecarinate dorsally; orbital foveae indistinct; occipital carina not forming a complete circle, separated from hypostomal carina; male antenna with 13 articles; scape ecarinate; palpal formula 5-3; mandible apically bidentate, externoventral margin entire, inner margin edentate; pronotal collar ecarinate anteriorly; axillae, scutellum and metanotum simple; propodeum finely sculptured; midtibia with an apical spur; male genitalia with gonobase U-shaped in dorsal view, gonostyle usually more than twice length of aedeagus; pygidial plate of female shiny, at must gibbous basally, without a distinct longitudinal carina.

<==Rhopalum (Corynopus Lepeletier & Brullé 1834) C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |--R. (C.) coarctatum (Scopoli 1763) BM76 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--R. c. coarctatum BM76
    |    `--R. c. koreense Tsuneki 1974 BM76
    |--R. (C.) anteum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) australiae Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) coriolum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) dedarum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) evansiaum Leclercq 1978 C85
    |--R. (C.) evictum Leclercq 1978 C85
    |--R. (C.) famicum Leclercq 1978 C85
    |--R. (C.) frenchii (Turner 1908) [=Crabro (Rhopalum) frenchii] C85
    |--R. (C.) harpax Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) kerangi Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) kuehlhorni Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) littorale Turner 1915 C85
    |--R. (C.) neboissi Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) nipponicum (Kohl 1915) [=Crabro nipponicus] BM76
    |    |--R. n. nipponicum BM76
    |    |--R. n. chosenense Tsuneki 1974 BM76
    |    `--R. n. hokkaidense Tsuneki 1952 BM76
    |--R. (C.) notogeum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) occidentale (Fox 1895) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--R. (C.) pedicellatum Packard 1867 [incl. Euplilis arapaho Pate 1947, R. rubrocinctum Peckham & Peckham 1898] BM76
    |--R. (C.) rufigaster Packard 1867 [incl. R. lucidum Rohwer 1909] BM76
    |--R. (C.) rumipambae Leclercq 1970 BM76
    |--R. (C.) taeniatum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) tubarum Leclercq 1957 C85
    |--R. (C.) variitarse Turner 1915 C85
    `--R. (C.) xenum Leclercq 1957 C85

Rhopalum (Corynopus Lepeletier & Brullé 1834) C85 [=Dryphus Herrich-Schaeffer 1840 BM76; incl. Alliognathus Ashmead 1899 BM76]

Rhopalum (Corynopus) coarctatum (Scopoli 1763) BM76 [=Sphex coarctatus BM76; incl. Crabro crassipes Fabricius 1798 BM76, Rhopalum modestum Rohwer 1908 BM76, Cr. tibialis Fabricius 1798 non Olivier 1792 BM76, *Corynopus tibialis C85, *Dryphus tibialis BM76]

Rhopalum (Corynopus) occidentale (Fox 1895) [=Crabro occidentalis, *Alliognathus occidentalis; incl. R. carolina Banks 1921] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Crabronidae

Dinetus pictus, copyright Sarah Gregg.

Belongs within: Apoidea.
Contains: Sericophorus, Bothynostethini, Solierella, Miscophus, Oxybelini, Crabronini, Palarus, Plenoculus, Paranysson, Larrini, Lyroda, Sphodrotes, Trypoxylini, Nitela.

The Crabronidae are a group of apoid wasps restricted by Sann et al. (2018) on the basis of molecular data to a clade including members of the genus Dinetus together with the subfamilies Crabroninae and Larrinae as recognised by Bohart & Menke (1976). Members of this clade usually have antennal sockets low on the face, often contiguous with the frontoclypeal suture, and have a relatively short jugal lobe on the hind wing. Dinetus is a Palaearctic genus of small, colourful wasps in which the males have distinctively rolled and twisted antennae (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Crabronidae
    |--Dinetus Panzer 1806 PK17, BM76 [Dinetinae, Dinetini]
    |    |--*D. pictus (Fabricius 1793) BM76 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--D. arenarius Kazenas 1973 BM76
    |    |--D. cereolus Morice 1897 BM76
    |    |    |--D. c. cereolus BM76
    |    |    `--D. c. politus Turner 1917 BM76
    |    |--D. dentipes Saunders 1910 [incl. D. gracilis Giner Marí 1945] BM76
    |    |--D. nabataeus Beaumont 1960 BM76
    |    |--D. pulawskii Beaumont 1960 BM76
    |    |--D. simplicipes Saunders 1910 [incl. D. perezi Ferton 1914] BM76
    |    `--D. venustus Beaumont 1956 BM76
    `--Crabroninae [Larridae, Larrinae, Miscophini] SN18
         |  i. s.: Sericophorini [Sericophorinae] LP10
         |           |--Sericophorus LP10
         |           `--Larrisson Menke 1967 LP10
         |                |--*L. abnormis (Turner 1914) C85 [=Sericophorus abnormis LP10]
         |                |--L. azyx Menke 1979 C85
         |                |--L. nedymus Menke 1979 C85
         |                `--L. rieki Menke 1979 C85
         |         Aha Menke 1977 LP10, C85
         |           |--*A. ha Menke 1977 C85
         |           `--A. evansi Menke 1977 C85
         |         0--Bothynostethini BM76
         |         `--Scapheutini BM76
         |              |--Bohartella Menke 1968 BM76
         |              |    `--*B. scapheutoides Menke 1968 BM76
         |              `--Scapheutes Handlirsch 1887 BM76
         |                   |--*S. mocsaryi Handlirsch 1887 BM76
         |                   |--S. brasilianus Handlirsch 1895 BM76
         |                   |--S. flavopictus (Smith 1860) [=Pison flavopictus] BM76
         |                   |--S. friburgensis Brèthes 1913 BM76
         |                   `--S. laetus (Smith 1860) [=Pison laetus] BM76
         |         0--Solierella BM76
         |         `--+--+--Miscophus BM76
         |            |  `--Saliostethus Brauns in Kohl 1896 [incl. Mutillonitela Bridwell 1920] BM76
         |            |       |--*S. lentifrons Braun 1896 BM76
         |            |       |--S. capicola Arnold 1923 BM76
         |            |       |--S. lounsburyi (Bridwell 1920) [=Mutillonitela lounsburyi] BM76
         |            |       |--S. mimicus (Bridwell 1920) [=*Mutillonitela mimica] BM76
         |            |       `--S. rhodesianus Arnold 1929 BM76
         |            `--+--Saliostethoides Arnold 1924 BM76
         |               |    `--*S. saltator Arnold 1924 (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |               `--Miscophoides Brauns in Kohl 1896 BM76
         |                    |--*M. (Miscophoides) handlirschii Brauns 1896 BM76
         |                    `--M. (Miscophoidellus Menke in Bohart & Menke 1976) BM76
         |                         |--M. (*M.) formosus Arnold 1924 BM76
         |                         `--M. (M.) minutus Arnold 1952 BM76
         |--+--Oxybelini PK17
         |  `--Crabronini PK17
         `--+--+--Palarus SN18
            |  `--+--Mesopalarus Brauns 1899 BM76
            |     |    |--*M. mayri Brauns 1899 BM76
            |     |    `--M. turneri Arnold 1931 BM76
            |     `--+--Plenoculus BM76
            |        `--Paranysson SN18
            `--+--+--Larrini SN18
               |  `--+--Lyroda SN18
               |     `--Sphodrotes SN18
               `--+--Trypoxylini SN18
                  `--+--Nitela SN18
                     `--Auchenophorus Turner 1907 BM76
                          |--*A. coruscans Turner 1907 C85
                          |--A. aeneus Turner 1907 C85
                          `--A. fulvicornis Turner 1907 C85

Crabronidae incertae sedis:
  ‘Vespa’ argyrostoma Gmelin 1790 [=V. argurostoma (l. c.)] BM76
  ‘Vespa’ braccata Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ canescens Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ chrysogona Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ chrysopus Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ chrysostoma Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ clavata Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ cylindrica Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ dichroa Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ ferruginea Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ flavicans Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ flavipes Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ immaculata Gmelin 1790 [=V. immacula (l. c.)] BM76
  ‘Vespa’ leskii Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ lutea Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ marginata Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ melanostoma Gmelin 1790 [=V. melanops (l. c.)] BM76
  ‘Vespa’ nigerrima Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ ochropus Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ punctulata Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ tibialis Gmelin 1790 BM76
  ‘Vespa’ unifasciata Gmelin 1790 BM76

*Dinetus pictus (Fabricius 1793) BM76 [=Crabro pictus BM76, Larra (Dinetus) picta G20; incl. C. ceraunius Rossi 1794 BM76, Sphex guttatus Fabricius 1793 non Gmelin 1790 BM76]

*Saliostethoides saltator Arnold 1924 [=Saliostethus saltator; incl. Miscophus reptans Arnold 1962] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[LP10] Lomholdt, O., & W. J. Pulawski. 2010. A revision of the wasp genus Sericophorus F. Smith, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 4, 61 (1): 1–234.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[SN18] Sann, M., O. Niehuis, R. S. Peters, C. Mayer, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, S. Bank, K. Meusemann, B. Misof, C. Bleidorn & M. Ohl. 2018. Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 71.

Last updated: 27 August 2020.

Lyroda

Lyroda subita female with prey, copyright S. R. Johnson.

Belongs within: Crabronidae.

Lyroda is a genus of slender, ground-nesting wasps that provision their nests with crickets of the families Gryllidae and Tetrigidae (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Inner orbits essentially parallel or converging above; antenna elongate, scape usually short and stout, flagellomeres longer than broad, those of male unmodified; clypeal free margin with several teeth laterally (and sometimes mesally) in female, margin with a median truncate or weakly toothed lobe in male; labrum quadrangular, apex sometimes visible; inner margin of mandible with two subbasal teeth in female, none in male, externoventral margin notched or angulate in both sexes; mouthparts short; occipital carina incomplete, disappearing short of hypostomal carina; collar moderately long, usually trituberculate dorsally; admedian lines of scutum nearly contiguous or widely separated, propodeum long, dorsal enclosure not defined, dorsum usually with a median longitudinal carina, lateral carina sometimes present; mesopleuron with scrobal sulcus; gaster usually sessile, rarely pedunculate, both sexes with a pygidial plate defined by carinae, surface densely or sparsely covered with short setae; legs long, slender, foreleg with a weak tarsal rake in both sexes, spines few; midcoxae separated, hindcoxae contiguous; hindtibia with two parallel rows of spines, the uppermost borne on a weak ridge, arolia large in both sexes; marginal cell of forewing truncate, appendiculate; three submarginal cells, second submarginal cell four- to six-sided (rarely three-sided), not petiolate, receiving both recurrent veins or first recurrent interstitial; length of hindwing jugal lobe equal to or less than half of anal area; male with volsella well differentiated.

<==Lyroda Say 1837 C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*L. subita (Say 1837) C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |--L. aethiopica Kohl 1894 BM76
    |--L. argenteofacialis (Cameron 1889) [=Astata argenteofacialis] BM76
    |--L. concinna (Smith 1856) [=Morphota concinna] BM76
    |--L. errans (Turner 1936) [=Gastrosericus errans] C85
    |--L. fasciata (Smith 1856) [=*Morphota fasciata] BM76
    |--L. formosa (Smith 1859) [=Morphota formosa; incl. *Odontolarra rufiventris Cameron 1900] BM76
    |--L. harpactoides (Smith 1856) [=Morphota harpactoides] BM76
    |--L. japonica Iwata 1933 BM76
    |    |--L. j. japonica BM76
    |    `--L. j. takasago Tsuneki 1967 BM76
    |--L. madecassa Arnold 1945 BM76
    |--L. michaelseni Schulz 1908 C85
    |    |--L. m. michaelseni C85
    |    `--L. m. tasmanica Turner 1914 C85
    |--L. minima Turner 1936 C85
    |--L. nigra (Cameron 1904) [=Odontolarra nigra] BM76
    |--L. queenslandensis Turner 1916 C85
    |--L. salai Giner Marí 1945 BM76
    |--L. taiwana Tsuneki 1967 BM76
    |--L. tridens (Taschenberg 1870) [=Morphota tridens] BM76
    |--L. triloba (Say 1837) [=Lyrops trilobus; incl. Lyrops calipterus Say 1837 (n. n.)] BM76
    `--L. venusta Bingham 1897 BM76

Lyroda Say 1837 C85 [=Lyrodon (l. c.) non Goldfuss 1837 BM76; incl. Morphota Smith 1856 BM76, Odontolarra Cameron 1900 BM76]

*Lyroda subita (Say 1837) C85 [=Lyrops (*Lyroda) subita C85; incl. Larrada arcuata Smith 1856 BM76, Lyroda cockerelli Rohwer 1909 BM76]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Nitela

Nitela sp., copyright Christophe Quintin.

Belongs within: Crabronidae.

Nitela is a widespread genus of very small, mostly black crabronid wasps with markedly reduced wing venation.

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Inner orbits converging above: inner and/or outer orbits sometimes margined by a carina; eyes sometimes with a fine pubescence; antenna variable, pedicel, and flagellomeres usually longer than broad: antennal socket very low on face, surrounded by a basin which may be carinate above; frontal carina usually weak or absent, sometimes bifurcate dorsad, or lamelliform; clypeus usually very narrow, mesally tumid and usually bearing a vertical carina which may be continuous with frontal carina, clypeal margin usually with a median truncate or sinuate lobe; labrum quadrate to subtriangular, its free margin sometimes visible beyond clypeal margin; inner margin of mandible usually with a subapical tooth in female, apex blunt or weakly bifid in some females, inner margin usually toothless in male (exceptionally subapically dentate or with a large subbasal tooth), externoventral margin without a notch; malar space usually present in both sexes: mouthparts short, labial palpus very short, first segment much longer than remaining three; occipital carina incomplete below, usually ending far short of hypostomal carina; mandibular socket open; pronotal collar moderately long and often with a transverse sulcus which is usually interrupted at midline by a carina or triangular prominence, front margin of collar sometimes carinate, humeral angles rounded or angulate; admedian lines of scutum short and widely separated when present; scutellum simple or with a narrow sulcus along anterior margin; propodeum long, dorsum without enclosure but usually longitudinally ridged, coarsely reticulate or areolate, posterior face nearly vertical, flat, and sometimes margined by a carina; propleuron usually simple; mesopleuron with an episternal sulcus and a hypersternaulus; metapleuron sometimes poorly defined beneath upper metapleural pit; pygidial plate absent, segment VI conical in female and sometimes laterally compressed; legs moderately long, foretarsal rake absent; midcoxae separated, occasionally narrowly so, hindcoxae contiguous; hindtibia spineless; tarsomere V not swollen, arolia small; forewing marginal cell truncate apically (sometimes narrowly so) and appendiculate, forewing with only one submarginal and discoidal cell, and subdiscoidal cell open posteriorly because A₁ is evanescent beyond cu-a, recurrent vein usually received by submarginal I, or received beyond in several exceptional species; hindwing venation greatly reduced and jugal lobe small; male sternum VIII variable; volsella at most weakly differentiated from gonostyle.

<==Nitela Latreille 1809 C85
    |  i. s.: N. apoensis Tsuneki et al. 1992 LL10
    |         N. borealis Valkeila 1974 BM76
    |         N. obliquipropodea Li & Li 2010 LL10
    |         N. philippinica Tsuneki et al. 1992 LL10
    |         N. protuberancis Li & Li 2010 LL10
    |--N. (Nitela) [incl. Rhinonitela Williams 1928] BM76
    |    |--*N. (N.) spinolae Latreille 1809 C85 [=N. spinolai Valkeila 1974 BM76]
    |    |--N. (N.) australiensis Schulz 1908 BM76 [incl. N. nigricans Turner 1910 C85]
    |    |--N. (N.) austrocaledonica Williams 1945 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) bicornis Williams 1928 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) braunsii Arnold 1940 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) capicola Brauns 1911 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) carinifrons Menke 1968 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) cerasicola Pate 1937 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) collaris Turner 1926 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) costaricensis Brauns 1911 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) darwini Turner 1916 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) domestica (Williams 1928) [=*Rhinonitela domestica] BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) fallax Kohl 1884 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) floridana Pate 1934 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) henrici Turner 1926 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) kurandae Turner 1908 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) leoni Krombein 1968 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) lubutuana Arnold 1929 BM76
    |    |    |--N. l. lubutuana BM76
    |    |    `--N. l. nyasae Arnold 1947 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) luzonensis Williams 1928 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) maxima Maidl 1925 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) merceti Brauns 1911 [incl. N. transvaalensis Brauns 1911] BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) mochii Arnold 1940 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) ochripes Arnold 1940 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) ohgushii Tsuneki 1956 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) oxiana Gussakovskij 1945 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) parallela Arnold 1929 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) pendleburyi Turner 1926 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) promontorii Brauns 1911 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) reticulata Ducke 1908 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) retifera Arnold 1940 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) rhodesiae Arnold 1940 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) rufiventris Turner 1916 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) rugosa Williams 1928 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) rugosissima Arnold 1940 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) schmidti Brauns 1911 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) sculpturata Turner 1916 BM76 [=N. reticulata Turner 1908 non Ducke 1908 C85]
    |    |--N. (N.) townesorum Krombein 1950 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) virginiensis Rohwer 1923 BM76
    |    |--N. (N.) williamsi Menke 1968 BM76
    |    `--N. (N.) yasumatsui Tsuneki 1956 BM76
    |         |--N. y. yasumatsui LL10
    |         `--N. y. taiwana Tsuneki 1956 LL10
    `--N. (Tenila Brèthes 1913) BM76
         |--N. (*T.) amazonica Ducke 1903 BM76
         |--N. (T.) bifida Menke 1969 BM76
         `--N. (T.) gulana (Williams 1928) [=Rhinonitela gulana] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[LL10] Li, T., & Q. Li. 2010. Key to the Oriental species of Nitela Latreille (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), with descriptions of two new species from China. Oriental Insects 44: 337–344.