Neanastatinae

Potentially undescribed Neanastatus, photographed by Maherjos.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

The Neanastatinae are a group of eupelmid wasps characterised by a large subconical pronotum and limited ability to contract the thorax compared to other eupelmid subfamilies (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988, as Metapelmatinae): Head with very convex long frons, scrobal depressions almost absent; thorax form the same in both sexes; pronotum undivided, large, conical or almost regularly convex, its hind margin capping the horizontal scutum; scutum with shallow weak notaular depressions; mesopleuron transformed into a large convex shield delimited ventrally by a subhorizontal groove in front of mid coxa; always macropterous, with very long postmarginal vein; mid tibial spur unusually strong; epipygium subconical, cerci not strongly shifted forward.

<==Neanastatinae [Metapelmatinae]
    |--+--Lambdobregma schwarzii HB13
    |  `--Metapelma Westwood 1835 HB13, B88 [incl. Halidayella Dalla Torre 1897 B88, Halidea Förster 1856 B88]
    |       |--*M. spectabilis B88
    |       |--M. bachi Girault 1922 B88
    |       |--M. compressipes B88
    |       |--M. giraulti Ferrière 1938 B88
    |       |--M. goethei Girault 1928 B88
    |       |--‘*Halidea’ nobilis Förster 1860 [=*Hallidayella nobilis] B88
    |       |--M. rufimanum B88
    |       |--M. salomonis Ferrière 1938 B88
    |       |--M. spectabile HB13
    |       `--M. westwoodi Girault 1915 B88
    `--Neanastatus Girault 1913 HB13, B88 [incl. Metaplopoda Masi 1926 B88, Solindenelleus Girault 1914 B88]
         |--*N. cinctiventris Girault 1913 [incl. *Metaplopoda grallaria Masi 1926, N. grallarius] B88
         |--N. aeschyli Girault 1921 B88
         |--N. ariostoni Girault 1922 B88
         |--N. aurifasciatus Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. aurivertex Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. bilingae Girault 1923 B88
         |--N. darci Girault 1933 B88
         |--N. desertensis Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. divinus Girault 1922 B88
         |--N. flavimesopleurum Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. flavipronotum Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. inconspicuus Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. maximicorpus Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. novus Girault 1920 B88
         |--N. parvus Girault 1920 B88
         |--N. pulchricorpus (Girault 1914) [=*Solindenelleus pulchricorpus] B88
         |--N. punctaticeps Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. purpureiscutellum Girault 1915 B88
         |--N. rabelaisi Girault 1922 B88
         |--N. reymondi Girault 1915 B88
         `--N. trinotatus Girault 1915 B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Calosotinae

Calosota sp., from here.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Eusandalum.

The Calosotinae are a group of wasps that are mostly parasitic on wood-boring beetles (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Thorax capable of limited longitudinal contraction; pronotum undivided; mesoscutum quadrangular or almost so, anteriorly with conspicuous rounded shoulders protruding outside the narrow and low pronotum; notauli present as shallow lines indicated by sculpture and confined to anterior half of scutum which is almost regularly convex; mesopleuron of same shape in both sexes, transformed into a large convex shield delimited ventrally by a subhorizontal groove in front of mid coxa.

<==Calosotinae B88
    |  i. s.: Exosandalum Bouček 1988 B88
    |           |--*E. compressiscapus (Girault 1915) [=Meseusandalum compressiscapus, Eusandalum compressiscapus] B88
    |           `--E. longiannulum (Girault 1929) [=Eusandalum longiannulum] B88
    |--+--Balcha Walker 1862 HB13, B88 [incl. Elemba Cameron 1908 B88, Sauteria Masi 1927 B88]
    |  |    `--B. indica HB13
    |  `--+--Archaeopelma tropeotergum HB13
    |     `--+--Eusandalum HB13
    |        `--Licrooides umbilicatus HB13
    `--Calosota Curtis 1836 HB13, B88 (see below for synonymy)
         |--*C. vernalis [=*Calosoter vernalis] B88
         |--C. charitolophoides (Girault 1915) [=Eupelmus charitolophoides] B88
         |--C. herodoti Girault 1934 B88
         |--C. hirsutioculus Girault 1925 B88
         |--C. metallica B88
         |--C. pagana (Girault 1915) [=Eupelmus paganus] B88
         |--C. parva Girault 1932 B88
         |--C. plutarchi Girault 1932 B88
         |--C. tullii Girault 1934 B88
         `--C. varipunctata Girault 1932 B88

Calosota Curtis 1836 HB13, B88 [=Calosoter Walker 1837 B88; incl. Hylephila Masi 1927 B88, Hylephilisca Ghesquière 1946 B88, Paracalosota Masi 1926 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

Tineobius

Female Tineobius, photographed by Stephen Thorpe.

Belongs within: Eupelminae.

Tineobius is a genus of wasps that are either ectoparasitic on caterpillars or hyperparasitic on other parasitoids of those caterpillars (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Head nearly or quite as high as broad, frons less than 1/3 of head breadth; scrobes not deep, not forming carinate channels; scutellum only moderately convex, without a crest of unusual black bristles; wings always developed, postmarginal vein at least twice as long as stigmal vein; hind tibia widened and at least major part of its dorsal laminate edge white; sixth tergite visible; ovipositor distinctly protruding, thin.

Tineobius Ashmead 1896 [incl. Anastatoidea Gahan 1927, Australeupelmus Girault 1921] B88
    |--*T. citri Ashmead 1896 B88
    |--T. beenleighi (Girault 1930) B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--T. brachartonae [=*Anastatoidea brachartonae] B88
    |--T. columbi (Girault 1923) [=Metapelma columbi, Anastatoidea columbi] B88
    |--T. decoratus (Ferrière 1938) [=Anastatoidea decorata] B88
    |--T. indicus [=Anastatoidea indica] B88
    |--T. longfellowi (Girault 1923) [=Metapelma longfellowi, Anastatoidea longfellowi] B88
    |--T. longicauda [=Anastatoidea longicauda] B88
    |--T. multicolor (Girault 1915) [=Eupelmus multicolor, *Australeupelmus multicolor] B88
    |--T. nassaui (Girault 1933) [=Metapelma (Tineobius) nassaui] B88
    |--T. salomonis (Ferrière 1938) [=Anastatoidea salomonis] B88
    |--T. sidneyi (Girault 1930) [=Metapelma sidneyi] B88
    `--T. superbus (Dodd 1917) [=Metapelma superba, Anastatoidea superba] B88

Tineobius beenleighi (Girault 1930) B88 [=Metapelma beenleighi B88, Anastatoidea beenleighi B88, Matapelma (l. c.) beenleighi G30]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 270-272).

Anastatus

Female Anastatus bifasciatus ovipositing on eggs of Nezara viridula, photographed by H. Dumas.

Belongs within: Eupelminae.

Anastatus is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps that parasitise eggs of other insects, mostly Lepidoptera and Heteroptera but also some other taxa such as cockroaches or Orthoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Length of body usually less than 5 mm; first fumcle segment shorter than scape; vertex convex, eye longest in subvertical direction; forewing not unusually long and narrow, stigmal vein normally developed, not very short (or species brachypterous); mid tibia widened at the apex and there, on the anterior side, usually as if partly cleft by a distinct groove outside of a group of several black peg-like spines; gaster posteriorly more or less flattened; apex of last tergite more or less rounded, convex, with a stiffened flat rim which may be slightly upturned.

Anastatus Motschulsky 1859 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*A. mantoidae B88
    |--A. aereicorpus (Girault 1925) [=Eupelmus aereicorpus] B88
    |--A. apterus (Girault 1913) [=*Parooderella aptera] B88
    |--A. aristoteleus Girault 1915 [=A. aristotelea] B88
    |--A. atriflagellum (Girault 1924) [=Eupelmus atriflagellum] B88
    |--A. axiagasti Ferrière 1933 [incl. A. axiagasti var. rufithorax Ferrière 1933] B88
    |--A. bernardi Ferrière 1954 AN-A04
    |--A. bifasciatus (Geoffroy in Fourcroy 1785) [=Cynips bifasciatus] AN-A04
    |--A. biproruli (Girault 1925) [=Eupelmus biproruli] B88
    |--A. blattidifurax Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. bombax Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. catalonicus Bolivar 1934 AN-A04
    |--A. darwini Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. dodone (Walker 1839) [=Calosoter dodone, Eupelmus dodone] B88
    |--‘*Cacotropia’ echidna B88
    |--A. extraordinarius (Girault 1929) [=Eupelmus extraordinarius] B88
    |--A. flavithorax (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Parooderella flavithorax] B88
    |--A. floridanus HB13
    |--A. fuligispina (Girault 1939) [=Eupelmus fuligispina] B88
    |--A. gibboni Girault 1920 B88
    |--A. giottini (Girault 1922) [=Eupelmus giottini] B88
    |--A. giraudi (Ruschka 1921) [=Eupelmus giraudi; incl. A. dolichopterus Bolívar 1934] AN-A04
    |--A. goethei (Girault 1929) [=Parooderella goethei] B88
    |--A. hemipterus (Girault 1913) [=*Parasolindenia hemiptera, Parooderella hemiptera] B88
    |--A. hookeri (Girault 1915) [=Eupelmus hookeri] B88
    |--‘Halidea’ insignis Förster 1860 B88
    |--A. intonsioculus (Girault 1934) [=Eupelmus intonsioculus] B88
    |--A. japonicus Ashmead 1904 [incl. A. bifasciatus var. disparis Ruschka 1921] AN-A04
    |--A. lichtensteini (Ruschka 1921) [=Eupelmus lichtensteini; incl. A. ameleophagus Bernard 1935] AN-A04
    |--A. lutheri (Girault 1934) [=Parooderella lutheri] B88
    |--A. maculosus Askew in Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2004 AN-A04
    |--A. madagascariensis (Risbec 1952) [=Oodera madagascariensis; incl. A. (Cladanastatus) umae] B88
    |--A. magnoculus Askew in Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2004 AN-A04
    |--A. mancus (Girault 1915) [=Parooderella manca] B88
    |--A. maximus Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. motschulskini (Girault 1915) [=Eupelmus motschulskini] B88
    |--A. nasonini (Girault 1925) [=Eupelmus nasonini] B88
    |--‘*Eupelmoides’ obscuratus B88
    |--A. octavia (Girault 1939) [=Eupelmus octavia] B88
    |--A. oscari (Ruthe 1859) [=Eupelmus oscari] AN-A04
    |--A. osmyli (Girault 1927) [=Eupelmus osmyli] B88
    |--A. pasteuri Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. pentatomidivorus Girault 1915 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. pipunculi Perkins 1906 B88
    |--A. poggioni (Girault 1922) [=Eupelmus poggioni] B88
    |--A. racinei Girault 1915 [incl. A. racinei var. praecipuus Girault 1915] B88
    |--A. redini (Girault 1925) [=Eupelmus redini] B88
    |--A. ruficaudus AN-A04
    |--A. saintpierrei Girault 1917 B88
    |--A. semitectus (Girault 1915) [=Parooderella semitecta] B88
    |--A. simplicifrons (Girault 1924) [=Parooderella simplicifrons] B88
    |--A. tennysoni (Girault 1921) [=Eupelmus tennysoni] B88
    |--A. tenuipes Bolivar 1925 [incl. A. blattidarum Ferrière 1930, Solindenia blattiphaga Mani 1936] B88
    |--A. thoreauini Girault 1917 B88
    |--A. tricolor Girault 1915 B88
    `--A. worcesteri (Girault 1915) [=Eupelmus worcesteri, Calosota worcesteri] B88

Anastatus Motschulsky 1859 [incl. Anastatimorpha Erdös 1957, Antigaster Walsh & Riley 1869, Cacotropia Motschulsky 1863, Cerycium Erdös 1946 non Philippi 1841, Cladanastatus Bouček 1979, Eupelmoides Masi 1917, Lutnes Cameron 1884, Misocoris Rondani 1877, Paraguaya Girault 1911, Parasolindenia Girault 1913 non Brues 1907, Paravignalia Risbec 1951, Parooderella Girault 1913, Pseudanastatus Masi 1917, Pseudooderella Brethes 1922, Solindenia Cameron 1883, Vignalia Risbec 1951] B88

Anastatus pentatomidivorus Girault 1915 [=A. pentatomidivora; incl. A. pentatomidivora var. nonexcisus Girault 1915] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AN-A04] Askew, R. R. & J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. 2004. Further observations on Eupelminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands, including descriptions of new species. Graellsia 60 (1): 27-39.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

Eupelmus

Mating pair of Eupelmus vesicularis, photographed by Josef Dvořák.

Belongs within: Eupelminae.

Eupelmus is a diverse genus of wasps with larvae parasitic on a variety of insect hosts, but usually found as a single larva on a relatively small host in a sheltered location (such as within a gall, cocoon or seed). In the subgenus Macroneura (recognised as a separate genus by Bouček 1988), females are brachypterous, with the last tergite in almost a vertical position and usually a transverse ridge of stiff black bristles on the pronotum (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Mesopleuron transformed into large convex shield in females, not so in males; sixth tergite in female medially divided; last tergite (which bears cerci on its lateral extensions) in females deeply marginate medially above the ovipositor, the emargination enclosing a special roundish sclerite; forewing often with oblique bare strip (linea calva); some species brachypterous.

Eupelmus Dalman 1820 B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*E. (Eupelmus) memnonius B88
    `--E. (Macroneura Walker 1837) AN-A04 [incl. Charitopella Crosby 1909 B88]
         |--‘*Macroneura’ maculipes B88
         |--E. (M.) aseculatus Kalina 1981 AN-A04
         |--E. (M.) maculatus (Ferrière 1954) AN-A04
         |--‘Macroneura’ muellneri B88
         |--E. (M.) seculatus (Ferrière 1954) AN-A04
         `--‘Macroneura’ setigera [=*Charitopella setigera] B88

Eupelmus incertae sedis:
  E. aereiclavus Girault 1925 B88
  E. aeschyli (Girault 1921) [=Anastatus aeschyli] B88
  E. aesopi Girault 1921 B88
  E. albipes Girault 1915 B88
  E. alhazeni Girault 1918 B88
  E. annulatus Nees 1834 AN-A04
  E. antipoda Ashmead 1900 [incl. E. grotii Girault 1915] B88
  E. argentinotatus Girault 1915 B88
  E. atropurpureus Dalman 1820 AN-A04
  E. australiensis (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
  E. australis Girault 1915 B88
  E. babindaensis Girault 1915 B88
  E. bardus Girault 1917 G17c
  E. benthami (Girault 1915) [=Anastatus benthami] B88
  E. bilingae Girault 1923 B88
  E. blattidifurax G25a
  E. brevicaudus (Crawford 1908) GM79 [=Cerambycobius brevicaudus G17b]
  E. brunnella Girault 1915 [=E. brunella (l. c.)] B88
  E. brutus Girault 1920 B88
  E. burmeisteri Girault 1915 B88
  E. caesar Girault 1929 B88
  E. chauceri Girault 1915 B88
  E. coccidis Girault 1917 G17b (see below for synonymy)
  E. coleopterorum (Girault 1913) [=Calosoter coleopterorum, Anastatus coleopterorum] B88
  E. crawfordi Girault 1915 B88
  E. cromwelli Girault 1922 B88
  E. cyaneus (Gourlay 1928) [=*Neosolindenia cyanea] B88
  E. degeeri [=*Eupelmella degeeri] B88
  E. dumasi Girault 1915 B88
  E. elizabethae Girault 1929 B88
  E. falcatus MH11
  E. fieldingi Girault 1915 B88
  E. finlayi Girault 1930 B88
  E. frederici (Girault 1915) [=Anastatus frederici] B88
  E. froudei Girault 1922 B88
  E. fuscipennis Förster 1860 [incl. E. capillaris Bolívar 1933] AN-A04
  E. gorgias (Walker 1839) [=Pteromalus gorgias] B88
  E. grayi Girault 1915 [incl. E. grayi var. brevicinctus Girault 1939] B88
  E. greelyi Girault 1915 B88
  E. hallami Girault 1920 B88
  E. heinei Girault 1922 B88
  E. hirsutioculus Girault 1925 B88
  E. javae Girault 1917 G17a
  E. juniperinus Bolívar 1933 AN-A04
  E. lavoisieri Girault 1915 B88
  E. longicauda Girault 1915 B88
  E. longicorpus Girault 1915 [incl. Anastatus boussingaulti Girault 1915] B88
  E. lutheri Girault 1922 B88
  E. matranus Erdös 1947 [incl. E. splendens Bolívar 1933 non Giraud 1871] AN-A04
  E. microzonus Förster 1860 AN-A04
  E. montaignei Girault 1915 [incl. E. beenleighi Girault 1926] B88
  E. moroderi B88
  E. nelsonensis Girault 1915 B88
  E. pax (Girault 1913) [=Ooderelloides pax, Anastatus pax] B88
  ‘Eupelmella’ pedatoria B88
  E. pipunculi G25b
  E. pudicus Girault 1915 B88
  E. renani Girault 1915 B88
  E. rostratus Ruschka 1921 AN-A04
  E. scarabaei Girault 1938 B88
  E. schmiedeknechti [=Macroneura (*Euronmacra) schmiedeknechti] B88
  ‘Parooderella’ semiputata Girault 1915 [=Macroneura semiputata] B88
  E. shakespearei Girault 1922 B88
  E. soror Girault 1915 B88
  E. sphaericephalus Ashmead 1886 GM79
  E. splendidus (Girault 1913) [=Ooderelloides splendidus, Anastatus borrowi Girault 1917] B88
  ‘Eupelminus’ swezeyi [=*Charitopodinus swezeyi] B88
  E. testaceiventris (Motschulsky 1863) B88 (see below for synonymy)
  E. thestalus (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus thestalus] B88
  E. toowongi Girault 1923 B88
  E. tricolor G24
  E. unipunctipennis Girault 1927 B88
  E. urozonus Dalman 1820 B88
  E. vesicularis (Ratzius 1783) HB13, B88 (see below for synonymy)
  E. virgilii Girault 1922 B88
  ‘*Bruchocida’ vuilleti B88

Nomina nuda: Eupelmus argentilinea Girault 1927 B88
             Eupelmus masini Girault 1915 B88

Eupelmus Dalman 1820 B88 [incl. Bruchocida Crawford 1913 B88, Charitopodinus Bridwell 1918 B88, Episolindelia Girault 1914 B88, Eupelmella Masi 1919 B88, Euronmacra Kalina 1981 B88, Holceupelmus Cameron 1905 B88, Neosolindenia Gourlay 1928 B88, Rafa Brethes 1916 B88]

Eupelmus australiensis (Girault 1913) [=Idoleupelmus australiensis; incl. E. australicus Girault 1915, E. listeri Girault 1915, E. popa Girault 1917] B88

Eupelmus coccidis Girault 1917 G17b [=E. brevicaudus Gahan 1910 non Cerambycobius brevicaudus Crawford 1908 G17b, GM79]

Eupelmus testaceiventris (Motschulsky 1863) B88 [=Roptrocerus testaceiventris B88; incl. Eu. auriventris Girault 1915 B88, Eu. baileyi Girault 1915 B88, Eu. dodo Girault 1921 B88, Eu. folsomi Girault 1915 B88, Eu. inkaka Girault 1921 B88, Eu. renominatus Bouček 1970 B88, Eu. scudderi Girault 1915 B88, Eu. testaceiventris Cameron 1913 non Roptrocerus testaceiventris Motschulsky 1863 B88, Eu. valentinus Bolívar 1933 AN-A04, *Episolindelia varicolor Girault 1914 B88, Eupelmus varicolor B88, Eu. vulgarellus Girault 1915 B88, Idoleupelmus vulgaris Girault 1913 B88]

Eupelmus vesicularis (Ratzius 1783) HB13, B88 [=Ichneumon vesicularis B88, Eupelmella vesicularis B88, Macroneura vesicularis B88; incl. Eupelmus messene Walker 1839 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AN-A04] Askew, R. R. & J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. 2004. Further observations on Eupelminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands, including descriptions of new species. Graellsia 60 (1): 27-39.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New Javanese Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 59-71).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G17c] Girault, A. A. 1917c. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Lese majeste, new insects and robbery. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 182).

[G25a] Girault, A. A. 1925a. Indications (in new insects) of ruling power and laws in nature. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 184-186).

[G25b] Girault, A. A. 1925b. An essay on when a fly is lovable, the ceremony of baptizing some and unlovely hate. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 187-190).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.