Neanuridae

Friesea sp., copyright Centre for Biodiversity Genomics.

Belongs within: Collembola.
Contains: Neanura, Ceratrimeria, Anurida, Pseudachorutes.

The Neanuridae are a group of springtails characterised by the presence of microsensilla on the third thoracic segment, a cardo between the stipes and the fulcrum, near-cylindrical antennae, and pointed buccal cones pointed (Greenslade 1991).

<==Neanuridae [Achorutinae, Neoarthropleona]
    |--Uchidanurinae G91
    |    |--Megalanura tasmaniae G91
    |    |--Womersleymeria G91
    |    `--Acanthanura Börner 1906 G91, W39
    |--Neanurinae [Achorutini] G91
    |    |--Protanura W39
    |    |--Australonura G91
    |    |--Neanura W39
    |    |--Oudemansia Schött 1893 nec Miq. 1854 (ICBN) nec Speg. 1880 (ICBN) CB80
    |    |    |--*O. coerulea Schött 1893 CB80 [=Polyacanthella coerulea W39]
    |    |    |--O. esakii CB80
    |    |    |--O. georgia Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |    `--O. hirashimai CB80
    |    `--Morulina Börner 1906 CB80
    |         |--*M. gigantea (Tullberg 1876) (see below for synonymy) CB80
    |         |--M. alia Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |         |--M. crassa Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |         |--M. mackenziana Hammer 1953 CB80
    |         |--M. multatuberculata (Coleman 1941) [=Neanura multatuberculata] CB80
    |         |--M. nuda Cassagnau 1955 CB80
    |         `--M. thulensis Hammer 1953 CB80
    |--Friesea Dalla Torre 1895 SS06 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--*F. mirabilis (Tullberg 1871) [=Triaena mirabilis] CB80
    |    |--F. cera Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |--F. claviseta Axelson 1900 [incl. F. caldaria Guthrie 1903] CB80
    |    |--F. emucronata Stach 1922 CB80
    |    |--F. fara Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |--F. grandis Mills 1934 CB80
    |    |--F. grisea (Schäffer 1891) (see below for synonymy) W67
    |    |--F. hammeni H83
    |    |--F. kardosia (Wray 1952) [=*Prospinanura kardosia] CB80
    |    |--F. landwehri Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 SS06
    |    |--F. magnicornis Denis 1931 CB80
    |    |--F. mauriesi Cassagnau 1958 CB80
    |    |--F. millsi Christiansen & Bellinger 1974 CB80
    |    |--F. multispinosa Denis 1947 G86
    |    |--F. nauroisi Cassagnau 1958 CB80
    |    |--F. oteruelensis Simón-Benito 2005 F05
    |    |--‘Prospinanura’ oxfordi Wray 1953 (n. d.) [=Wrayella oxfordi] CB80
    |    |--F. pentacantha Mills 1934 CB80
    |    |--F. peruensis Smolis & Skarżyński 2006 SS06
    |    |--F. polla Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |--F. quinquespinosa CB80 [=Polyacanthella quinquispinosa W39]
    |    |--F. quinta Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |--F. sublimis Macnamara 1921 CB80
    |    |--‘Neoprospinanura’ tecala Wray 1963 (n. d.) CB80
    |    |--F. tilbrooki Wise 1970 [incl. F. viennei Deharveng 1981] G86
    |    |--F. wilkeyi Christiansen & Bellinger 1974 CB80
    |    `--F. woyciechowskii Weiner 1980 SS06
    `--Pseudachorutinae [Pseudachorutini] G91
         |--Echinanura W39
         |--Sericanura W39
         |--Stachia W39
         |--Platanurida W39
         |--Meganurida W39
         |--Ceratrimeria W39
         |--Anurida W39
         |--Pseudachorutes W39
         |--Tasmanura Womersley 1937 W39
         |    `--T. evansi Womersley 1937 W39
         |--Anuritelsa Womersley 1939 W39
         |    `--*A. maritima Womersley 1939 W39
         |--Anuridella Willem 1906 CB80
         |    |--*A. marina Willem 1906 [=Anurida (*Anuridella) marina] CB80
         |    `--A. calcarata Denis 1925 TM86 [=Anurida (Anuridella) calcarata CB80]
         |--Pseudanurida Schött 1901 [incl. Neachorutes Womersley 1933] W39
         |    |--*P. billitonensis Schött 1901 W39
         |    `--P. glauerti (Womersley 1933) G91, W39 [=Neachorutes glauerti W39]
         |--Pseudachorutoides Becker 1905 W39
         |    |--*P. bogoyawlensky W39
         |    |--P. clysmae Jackson 1927 W39
         |    `--P. dollfusi W39
         |--Polyacanthella Schaeffer 1897 [incl. Conotelsa Denis 1925] W39
         |    |--*P. michaelseni Schaeffer 1897 [=Friesea michaelseni] W39
         |    |--P. accuminata [=Conotelsa accuminata, Friesea accuminata] W39
         |    |--P. barnardi Womersley 1930 W39
         |    |--P. brevicaudata [=Friesea brevicaudata] W39
         |    `--P. parva W39
         `--Paranura Axelson 1902 W39
              |--*P. sexpunctata Axelson 1902 CB80
              |--P. anops Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
              |--P. australasiae Womersley 1935 W39
              |--P. caeca Folsom 1916 CB80
              |--P. colorata Mills 1934 [=P. sexpunctata var. colorata] CB80
              |--P. millsi Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
              |--P. quadrilobata Hammer 1953 CB80
              `--P. s-uenoi CB80

Neanuridae incertae sedis:
  Pseudachorutella SL06
    |--P. asigillata (Börner 1901) SL06
    `--P. stachi [=Pseudachorutes (Pseudachorutella) stachi] H83
  Pseudoxenylla Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    `--*P. fovealis Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
  Kenyura MC13
  Cassagnaudina Massoud 1967 CB80
    `--*C. coiffaiti Cassagnau 1955 CB80
  Stachorutes demattiesi Dallai 1973 CB80
  Neanurodes neomexicanus Scott 1960 (n. d.) CB81

Friesea Dalla Torre 1895 SS06 [incl. Macgillivraya Grote 1894 (nom. rej.) CB80, Prospinanura Wray 1952 CB80; Frieseinae G91]

Friesea grisea (Schäffer 1891) [=Tullbergia grisea, Frisia (l. c.) grisea, Pseudotullbergia grisea; incl. Achorutoides antarcticus Willem 1901] W67

*Morulina gigantea (Tullberg 1876) [=Anura gigantea; incl. M. callowayia Wray 1953, M. kotzebuensis Bödvarsson 1960] CB80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CB80] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 1. Introduction; general; families Poduridae and Hypogastruridae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CB81] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1981. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 4. Families Neelidae and Sminthuridae; glossary; bibliography; index. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CP02] Christiansen, K., & E. Pike. 2002. Cretaceous Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada. Cretaceous Research 23: 165–188.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[G86] Greenslade, P. 1986. Additions to the collembolan fauna of Heard Island. Records of the South Australian Museum 19 (7): 91–96.

[G91] Greenslade, P. J. 1991. Collembola (springtails). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 252–264. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[H83] Hammen, L. van der. 1983. Contribution to the knowledge of the soil-fauna of New Guinea. Zoologische Verhandelingen 206: 1–36.

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[SL06] Schulz, H.-J., & P. Lymberakis. 2006. First contribution to the knowledge of the Collembola fauna of the White Mountains (Lefká Óri) in west Crete (Insecta, Collembola, Isotomidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 229–234.

[SS06] Smolis, A., & D. Skarżyński. 2006. A new species of Friesea Dalla Torre 1895 from Peru (Insecta, Collembola, Neanuridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (1): 39–45.

[TM86] Thibaud, J.-M., & Z. Massoud. 1986. Insecta: Collembola. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 616–617. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[W67] Wise, K. A. J. 1967. Collembola (springtails). Antarctic Research Series 10: 123–148.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Hypogastruridae

Ceratophysella denticulata, copyright Scott Justis.

Belongs within: Collembola.
Contains: Hypogastrura (Hypogastrura).

The Hypogastruridae are a group of elongate springtails with a granular, ridged molar plate on the mandible but lacking pseudocelli. The body is usually pigmented and ocelli are usually present, as is the furca; the antenna 3 organ is simple, with only two or three rod-shaped sensilla and no papillae or sensorial bodies; and the postantennal organ, if present, is usually round or oval with a maximum of six vesicles (Greenslade 1991).

<==Hypogastruridae [Hypogastrurinae]
    |--Gomphiocephalus Carpenter 1908 W67
    |    `--G. hodgsoni Carpenter 1908 [=Gomphocephalus (l. c.) hodgsoni] W67
    |--Beckerella W39
    |--Proxenyllodes W39
    |--Xenyllogastrura W39
    |--Paraxenylla G91
    |--Cosberella conatoa Wray 1963 (n. d.) CB81
    |--Knowltonella Wray 1958 CB80a
    |    `--*K. idahoensis Wray 1958 CB80a
    |--Stenogastrura Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80a
    |    `--*S. hiemalis Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80a
    |--Bonetogastrura Thibaud 1975 CB80a
    |    `--*B. balazuci (Delamare 1951) [=Typhlogastrura balazuci] CB80a
    |--Tafallia Bonet 1947 [incl. Hoffia Scott 1961] CB80a
    |    |--*T. insularis Bonet 1947 CB80a
    |    `--T. robusta (Scott 1961) [=*Hoffia robusta] CB80a
    |--Microgastrura Stach 1922 CB80a
    |    |--*M. duodecimoculata Stach 1922 CB80a
    |    `--M. minutissima (Mills 1934) [=Achorutes (Schoettella) minutissima] CB80a
    |--Mesachorutes Absolon 1900 CB80a
    |    |--*M. (Mesachorutes) quadriocellata Absolon 1900 CB80a
    |    `--M. (Denigastrura Stach 1949) CB80a
    |         |--M. (*D.) tetrophthalma (Denis 1928) [=Hypogastrura tetrophthalma] CB80a
    |         `--M. (D.) thomomys (Chamberlain 1943) [=Achorutes thomomys, Hypogastrura thomomys] CB80a
    |--Acherontiella Absolon 1913 CB80a
    |    |  i. s.: A. prominentia MC13
    |    |--A. (Acherontiella) [incl. Acherontiellina Salmon 1964] CB80a
    |    |    |--*A. (A.) onychiuriformis Absolon 1913 CB80a
    |    |    |--A. (A.) epigea CB80a
    |    |    `--A. (A.) sabina Bonet 1945 [=*Acherontiellina sabina] CB80a
    |    `--A. (Acherontides) CB80a
    |         |--A. (A.) atoyacensis CB80a
    |         `--A. (A.) potosinus CB80a
    |--Willemia Börner 1901 CB80a
    |    |--*W. anophthalma Börner 1901 CB80a
    |    |--W. biseta Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80a
    |    |--W. bulbosa CB80a
    |    |--W. denisi Mills 1932 CB80a
    |    |--W. dubia Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80a
    |    |--W. intermedia Mills 1934 CB80a
    |    |--W. persimilis CB80a
    |    |--W. similis Mills 1934 CB80a
    |    `--W. vashtia Wray 1950 CB80a
    |--Triacanthella Schäffer 1897 CB80a
    |    |--*T. michaelseni Schäffer 1897 CB80a
    |    |--T. alba Carpenter 1909 W39
    |    |--T. biroi Stach 1924 W39
    |    |--T. clavata [=Triacanthura clavata] W39
    |    |--T. copelandi (Wray 1963) [=*Clingmantha copelandi] CB80a
    |    |--T. inopinata Denis 1924 W39
    |    |--T. perfecta Denis 1927 W39
    |    |--T. rosea Wahlgren 1906 W39
    |    `--T. violacea Womersley 1939 W39
    |--Schaefferia W39
    |    |  i. s.: S. coeca (Cassagnau 1959) TM86
    |    |         S. decemoculata (Stach 1939) DB21
    |    |         S. subterranea V73
    |    |--S. (Schaefferia) C90
    |    |    |--*S. (S.) emucronata Absolon 1900 CB80a
    |    |    |--S. (S.) cheoha Wray 1963 CB80a
    |    |    |--S. (S.) duodecimocellata CB80a
    |    |    `--S. (S.) guerrerense CB80a
    |    `--S. (Typhlogastrura Bonet 1930) CB80a
    |         |--S. (*T.) mendizabali (Bonet 1930) [=Hypogastrura (*T.) mendizabali] CB80a
    |         |--S. (T.) alabamensis (Thibaud 1975) [=Typhlogastrura alabamensis] CB80a
    |         |--S. (T.) christianseni (Thibaud 1975) CB80a
    |         `--S. (T.) variabilis Christiansen 1952 CB80a
    |--Hypogastrura Bourlet 1839 W39
    |    |  i. s.: H. antarctica Salmon 1962 W67
    |    |         H. papillata Gisin 1949 SL06
    |    |         H. pseudopurpurascens Womersley 1928 W39
    |    |         H. purpurascens H44
    |    |         H. rufescens W39
    |    |         H. sahlbergi RD77
    |    |--H. (Hypogastrura) CB80a
    |    |--H. (Mitchellania Wray 1953) [incl. Cyclograna Yosii 1961, Spinifacies Scott 1963] CB80a
    |    |    |--H. (*M.) hermosa (Wray 1953) [=*Mitchellania hermosa] CB80a
    |    |    |--H. (M.) californica (Bacon 1914) [=Achorutes californica] CB80a
    |    |    |--H. (M.) gibbomucronata (Hammer 1953) CB80a
    |    |    |--H. (M.) hiawatha (Yosii 1962) [=Cyclograna hiawatha] CB80a
    |    |    |--H. (M.) horrida Yosii 1960 CB80a
    |    |    |--H. (M.) loricata Yosii 1960 CB80a
    |    |    |--‘*Spinifacies’ oregonensis Scott 1963 CB80a
    |    |    |--H. (M.) virga Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80a
    |    |    `--H. (M.) vulgaris Yosii 1960 [=H. (*Cyclograna) vulgaris] CB80a
    |    `--H. (Schoettella Schäffer 1896) CB80a
    |         |--H. (*S.) ununguiculata (Tullberg 1869) [=Achorutes ununguiculatus] CB80a
    |         |--H. (S.) albamaculata Scott 1960 CB80a
    |         |--H. (S.) banksi Maynard 1951 CB80a [incl. Tullbergia neomexicana Scott 1961 CB80b]
    |         |--H. (S.) glasgowi (Folsom 1916) [=Achorutes glasgowi; incl. A. magnoliana Wray 1952] CB80a
    |         |--‘Schoettella’ poppei S00
    |         `--‘Schoettella’ subcrassa S00
    |--Xenylla Tullberg 1869 CB80a
    |    |--*X. maritima Tullberg 1869 CB80a
    |    |--X. acauda Gisin 1947 CB80a
    |    |--X. californica Gama 1976 CB80a
    |    |--X. canadensis Hammer 1953 CB80a
    |    |--X. carolinensis Wray 1946 CB80a
    |    |--X. christianseni Gama 1974 CB80a
    |    |--X. collis Bacon 1914 (n. d.) CB80a
    |    |--X. duchesnea Wray 1958 CB80a
    |    |--X. grisea Axelson 1900 [incl. X. gracilis Guthrie 1903] CB80a
    |    |--X. humicola (Fabricius 1780) [=Podura humicola; incl. X. baconae Folsom 1916] CB80a
    |    |--X. littoralis Womersley 1934 W39
    |    |--X. louisiana Gama 1976 CB80a
    |    |--X. mucronata Axelson 1903 [incl. Achorutes speciosa Rainbow 1907] W39
    |    |--X. neomexicana Scott 1960 (n. d.) CB80a
    |    |--X. occidentalis Womersley 1934 W39
    |    |--X. pallescens (Scott 1960) [=Xenyllodes pallescens; incl. Xenyllodes alpina Scott 1960] CB80a
    |    |--X. paludis Bacon 1914 (n. d.) CB80a
    |    |--X. proxima Denis 1931 CB80a
    |    |--X. pseudomaritima James 1933 CB80a
    |    |--X. simberloffi Gama 1974 CB80a
    |    |--X. similata H83
    |    |--X. thibaudi H83
    |    |--X. welchi Folsom 1916 CB80a
    |    |--X. wilsoni Gama 1974 CB80a
    |    `--X. yucatana MC13
    |--Biscoia Salmon 1962 W67
    |    `--B. sudpolaris Salmon 1962 W67
    `--Ceratophysella Börner 1932 S07 [incl. Spinachorutes Scott 1962 CB80a]
         |  i. s.: C. alachuensis Skarżyński 2007 S07
         |         C. annae Babenko 1994 S07
         |         C. caucasica Martynova 1964 S07
         |         ‘Achorutes’ citri Bacon 1914 (n. d.) CB80a
         |         ‘Hypogastrura’ gravesi Wray 1971 CB80a
         |         C. kennethi Skarżyński 2007 S07
         |         C. kutyrevae Babenko 1994 S07
         |         C. longispina (Tullberg 1876) [=Achorutes longispina, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) longispina] CB80a
         |         ‘Hypogastrura’ macrospinata Maynard 1951 (n. d.) CB80a
         |         ‘Achorutes’ marmorata Packard 1873 (n. d.) CB80a
         |         C. maya [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) maya] CB80a
         |         C. orizabae [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) orizabae] CB80a
         |         C. robustiseta Skarżyński & Smolis 2006 S07
         |         ‘Achorutes’ scotica Carpenter & Evans 1899 CB80a
         |         ‘Achorutes’ sigillata Uzel 1891 CB80a
         |         C. stercoraria Stach 1963 S07
         |         ‘Achorutes’ texensis Packard 1873 (n. d.) CB80a
         |         C. tolteca Yosii 1962 S07 [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) tolteca CB80a]
         |--C. armata group CB80a
         |    |--*C. armata (Nicolet 1841) CB80a, SL06 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--C. bengtssoni (Ågren 1904) [=Achorutes bengtssoni, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) bengtssoni] CB80a
         |    |--C. brevisensillata Yosii 1961 [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) brevisensillata] CB80a
         |    |--C. glancei (Hammer 1953) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) glancei] CB80a
         |    |--C. jondavi (Wray 1946) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) jondavi] CB80a
         |    `--C. pseudarmata (Folsom 1916) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) pseudarmata] CB80a
         |--C. boletivora group CB80a
         |    |--C. biloba (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) biloba] CB80a
         |    |--C. boletivora (Packard 1873) [=Achorutes boletivorus, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) boletivora] CB80a
         |    |--C. communis (Folsom 1897) [=Achorutes communis, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) communis] CB80a
         |    `--C. pratorum (Packard 1873) [=Achorutes pratorum] CB80a
         |--C. densornata (Maynard 1951) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) densornata] CB80a
         |--C. denticulata group CB80a
         |    |--C. brevis (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) brevis] CB80a
         |    |--C. denticulata (Bagnall 1941) (see below for synonymy) CB80a
         |    |--C. gibbosa (Bagnall 1940) CB80a, S07 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--C. granulifera Yosii 1962 [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) granulifera] CB80a
         |    |--C. lucifuga (Packard 1888) [=Achorutes lucifuga, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) lucifuga] CB80a
         |    |--C. pecki (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) pecki] CB80a
         |    |--C. scotti Yosii 1962 [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) scotti] CB80a
         |    `--C. succinea (Gisin 1949) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) succinea] CB80a
         `--C. maheuxi group CB80a
              |--C. guthriei (Folsom 1916) [=Achorutes guthriei, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) guthriei] CB80a
              |--C. krafti (Scott 1962) [=*Spinachorutes krafti, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) krafti] CB80a
              `--C. maheuxi (Butler 1966) [=Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) maheuxi] CB80a

*Ceratophysella armata (Nicolet 1841) CB80a, SL06 [=Achorutes armatus W39, Hypogastrura (*Ceratophysella) armata CB80a; incl. H. armata var. inermis W39, Achorutes armatus var. pallens S00]

Ceratophysella denticulata (Bagnall 1941) [=Achorutes denticulata, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) denticulata; incl. H. engadinensis Gisin 1949, H. exilis Yosii 1956] CB80a

Ceratophysella gibbosa (Bagnall 1940) CB80a, S07 [=Achorutes gibbosa CB80a, Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) gibbosa CB80a; incl. H. azteca Yosii 1962 CB80a]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C90] Christiansen, K. A. 1990. Insecta: Collembola. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 965–995. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[CB80a] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980a. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 1. Introduction; general; families Poduridae and Hypogastruridae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CB80b] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980b. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 2. Families Onychiuridae and Isotomidae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CB81] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1981. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 4. Families Neelidae and Sminthuridae; glossary; bibliography; index. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[DB21] Derkarabetian, S., C. M. Baker, M. Hedin, C. E. Prieto & G. Giribet. 2021. Phylogenomic re-evaluation of Triaenonychoidea (Opiliones: Laniatores), and systematics of Triaenonychidae, including new families, genera and species. Invertebrate Systematics 35: 133–157.

[G91] Greenslade, P. J. 1991. Collembola (springtails). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 252–264. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[H83] Hammen, L. van der. 1983. Contribution to the knowledge of the soil-fauna of New Guinea. Zoologische Verhandelingen 206: 1–36.

[H44] Hammer, M. 1944. Studies on the oribatids and collemboles of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 141 (3): 1–210.

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[S00] Schäffer, C. 1900. Ueber württembergische Collembola. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 56: 245–280, pl. 2.

[SL06] Schulz, H.-J., & P. Lymberakis. 2006. First contribution to the knowledge of the Collembola fauna of the White Mountains (Lefká Óri) in west Crete (Insecta, Collembola, Isotomidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 229–234.

[S07] Skarżyński, D. 2007. Two new species and a new record of the genus Ceratophysella Börner 1932 from North America (Insecta, Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 87 (2): 137–142.

[TM86] Thibaud, J.-M., & Z. Massoud. 1986. Insecta: Collembola. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 616–617. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[V73] Vuilleumier, F. 1973. Insular biogeography in continental regions. II. Cave faunas from Tessin, southern Switzerland. Systematic Zoology 22 (1): 64–76.

[W67] Wise, K. A. J. 1967. Collembola (springtails). Antarctic Research Series 10: 123–148.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Brachystomellidae

Juvenile Brachystomella parvula, copyright Andy Murray.

Belongs within: Collembola.

The Brachystomellidae are a group of elongate-bodied springtails that lack mandibles, with a toothed head present on the maxilla and flattened, blunt buccal cones (Greenslade 1991).

<==Brachystomellidae
    |--Salvarella wallacei G91
    |--Setanodosa G91
    |--Subclavontella G91
    |--Rapoportella G91
    |--Bellingeria Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    |    `--*B. cornua Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    `--Brachystomella Ågren 1903 [incl. Guacharia] W39
         |--*B. maritima Ågren 1903 CB80
         |--B. acantha Womersley 1933 W39
         |--B. afurcata Womersley 1933 W39
         |--B. anomala Womersley 1933 W39
         |--B. arida Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
         |--B. capitata Womersley 1930 W39
         |--B. christianseni H83
         |--B. contorta CB80
         |--B. curvula CB80
         |--B. dianae G91
         |--B. fungicola Womersley 1933 W39
         |--B. geniculata Womersley 1934 W39
         |--B. globulosa Cassagnau & Rapoport 1962 CB80
         |--B. granulata Womersley 1935 W39
         |--B. hiemalis Yosii 1956 CB80
         |--B. parvula (Schäffer 1896) [=Schoettella parvula] CB80
         |--B. platensis G91
         |--B. stachi Mills 1934 CB80
         |--B. terricola Womersley 1930 W39
         `--B. villalobosi Cassagnau & Rapoport 1962 CB80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CB80] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 1. Introduction; general; families Poduridae and Hypogastruridae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CP02] Christiansen, K., & E. Pike. 2002. Cretaceous Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada. Cretaceous Research 23: 165–188.

[G91] Greenslade, P. J. 1991. Collembola (springtails). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 252–264. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[H83] Hammen, L. van der. 1983. Contribution to the knowledge of the soil-fauna of New Guinea. Zoologische Verhandelingen 206: 1–36.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Tomoceridae

Tomocerus minor, copyright Francisco Welter-Schultes.

Belongs within: Collembola.

The Tomoceridae are a group of elongate springtails in which the third abdominal segment is longer than the fourth (Womersley 1939).

Characters (from Womersley 1939): Postantennal organ absent. Abdominal segment 3 longer than 4, all tergites free. With or without scales, if present then these with longitudinal ribs. Ciliated sensory setae present on abdominal segments or not. Furca present and well developed.

<==Tomoceridae
    |  i. s.: Lasiofinus CP02
    |         Entomocerus Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    |           `--*E. mirus Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    |--Lepidophorellinae W39
    |    |--Neophorella Womersley 1934 [Neophorellini] S-AB08
    |    |--Lepidophorella Schäffer 1897 (see below for synonymy) S-AB08
    |    |    |--L. australis Carpenter 1925 W39
    |    |    `--L. brachycephala (Moniez 1894) [=Drepanura brachycephala] W39
    |    |--Antennacyrtus Salmon 1941 S-AB08
    |    |--Lasofinius Ireson & Greenslade 1990 S-AB08
    |    `--Novacerus Salmon 1942 S-AB08
    `--Tomocerinae S-AB08
         |--Aphaenomurus Yosii 1956 S-AB08
         |--Monodontocerus Yosii 1955 S-AB08
         |--Tritomurus Frauenfeld 1854 S-AB08
         `--Tomocerus Nicolet 1842 CB80
              |  i. s.: T. bicolor (Say 1821) (n. d.) [=Podura bicolor] CB80
              |         T. iricolor Say 1821 (n. d.) CB80
              |         T. longicornis (Müller 1776) [=Podura longicornis] CB80
              |         T. lubbocki Schäffer 1900 S00
              |         T. niger Bourlet 1839 (n. d.) CB80
              |         T. nigritus Maynard 1951 (n. d.) CB80
              |         T. tasmanicus Womersley 1935 W39
              |--T. (Tomocerus) CB80
              |    |--*T. (T.) minor (Lubbock 1862) CB80 (see below for synonymy)
              |    `--T. (T.) vulgaris (Tullberg 1871) CB80, W39
              |--T. (Lethemurus Yosii 1970) CB80
              |    `--T. (*L.) missus Mills 1949 [=T. (Tritomurus) missus] CB80
              |--T. (Plutomurus Yosii 1956) CB80
              |    |--‘Tritomurus’ riugadoensis Yosii 1939 [=*Plutomurus riugadoensis] CB80
              |    |--T. (P.) brevimucronatus Denis 1929 CB80
              |    |--T. (P.) californicus Folsom 1913 [=Tritomuruc californicus; incl. Tr. oregonensis Denis 1929] CB80
              |    |--T. (P.) grahami Christiansen 1980 CB80
              |    `--T. (P.) wilkeyi Christiansen 1965 CB80
              |--T. (Pogonognathellus Paclt 1944) (see below for synonymy) CB80
              |    |--T. (*P.) plumbeus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Podura plumbea, *Pogonognathus plumbeus] CB80
              |    |--T. (P.) bidentatus Folsom 1913 (see below for synonymy) CB80
              |    |--T. (P.) celsus Christiansen 1965 CB80
              |    |--T. (P.) dubius Christiansen 1965 CB80
              |    |--T. (P.) elongatus Maynard 1951 [=*Maynardia elongata] CB80
              |    `--T. (P.) flavescens (Tullberg 1871) (see below for synonymy) CB80
              |--T. (Tomocerina Yosii 1955) CB80
              |    |--T. (*T.) minutus Tullberg 1876 CB80
              |    |--T. (T.) curtus Christiansen 1965 CB80
              |    |--T. (T.) lamelliferus Mills 1934 CB80
              |    `--T. (T.) teres Christiansen 1965 CB80
              `--T. (Tomolonus Mills 1949) CB80
                   `--T. (*T.) reductus (Mills 1949) [=*Tomolonus reductus] CB80

Lepidophorella Schäffer 1897 [incl. Millsia Womersley 1942, Pseudolepidophorella Salmon 1941; Lepidophorellini] S-AB08

Tomocerus (Pogonognathellus Paclt 1944) [=Pogonognathus Börner 1908 non Agassiz 1846; incl. Architomocerura Denis 1931, Maynardia Yosii 1956] CB80

Tomocerus (Pogonognathellus) bidentatus Folsom 1913 [incl. Tritomurus henroti Delamare 1949, To. jeanneli Bonet 1934] CB80

Tomocerus (Pogonognathellus) flavescens (Tullberg 1871) [=Macrotoma flavescens; incl. T. albus Packard 1877, T. americanus Schött 1896, T. arcticus Schött 1893, *Architomocerura crassicauda Denis 1931, T. pallidus Packard 1888, T. separatus Folsom 1913] CB80

*Tomocerus (Tomocerus) minor (Lubbock 1862) CB80 [=Macrotoma minor CB80; incl. M. tridentifera Tullberg 1872 CB80, Tomocerus tridentifer S00]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CB80] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 3. Family Entomobryidae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CP02] Christiansen, K., & E. Pike. 2002. Cretaceous Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada. Cretaceous Research 23: 165–188.

[S00] Schäffer, C. 1900. Ueber württembergische Collembola. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 56: 245–280, pl. 2.

[S-AB08] Soto-Adames, F. N., J.-A. Barra, K. Christiansen & R. Jordana. 2008. Suprageneric classification of Collembola Entomobryomorpha. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101 (3): 501–513.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Collembola

Neelus murinus, copyright Philippe Garcelon.

Belongs within: Panhexapoda.
Contains: Sminthuridae, Dicyrtomidae, Hypogastruridae, Neanuridae, Onychiuridae, Brachystomellidae, Odontellidae, Isotomidae, Entomobryidae, Paronellidae, Tomoceridae.

The Collembola are the springtails, minute hexapods found worldwide. The vernacular name refers to the presence in most Collembola of a forked appendage on the underside of the abdomen that can be flicked backwards to fling the springtail into the air. Springtails may be divided between the Arthropleona, in which the body is elongate with most segments well defined, and Neopleona, in which the body is globular with many segments fused.

Synapomorphies (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Antennae short, typically four-segmented; thoracic sterna divided into lateral basisternites by linea ventralis; legs with tibiae and monomeric tarsi fused to form tibiotarsus; abdomen reduced to six or fewer segments; first abdominal segment bearing a ventral tube (the collophore) with eversible vesicles at apex; gonopore present on fifth abdominal segment; furculum ('spring') present on venter of fourth abdominal segment, reclining into retinaculum ('lock') on third abdominal segment; furculum divided between broad base (manubrium) bearing paired-finger like processes (dentes) that may bear further small apical processes (mucrones).

<==Collembola [Podurellae, Podurida]
    |--Neopleona GE05
    |    |--Symphypleona G91
    |    |    |--Sminthuridae GE05
    |    |    |--Dicyrtomidae G91
    |    |    `--Mackenziella CB81 [Mackenziellidae G91]
    |    |         `--M. psocoides Hammer 1953 (n. d.) CB81
    |    `--Neelidae [Megalothoracidae, Neelipleona] GE05
    |         |--Acanthoneelidus Bretfeld & Griegel 2006 [=Acanthothorax Bretfeld & Griegel 1999 non Gaede 1832] BG06
    |         |    `--*A. pratensis (Bretfeld & Griegel 1999) [=*Acanthothorax pratensis] BG06
    |         `--Neelus Folsom 1896 W39
    |              |--*N. (Neelus) murinus Folsom 1896 CB81
    |              |--N. (Megalothorax Willem 1900) C90, W39 (see below for synonymy)
    |              |    |--N. (*M.) minimus (Willem 1900) CB81 (see below for synonymy)
    |              |    |--N. (M.) albus (Maynard 1951) (n. d.) [=Megalothorax albus] CB81
    |              |    |--N. (M.) incertus (Börner 1903) [=Megalothorax incertus; incl. M. incertoides Mills 1934] CB81
    |              |    |--N. (M.) swani Womersley 1932 W39
    |              |    `--N. (M.) tristani (Denis 1933) [=Megalothorax tristani] CB81
    |              `--N. (Neelides Caroli 1912) CB81
    |                   |--N. (*N.) folsomi (Caroli 1912) RD77, CB81 [=*Neelides folsomi CB81]
    |                   |--N. (N.) dianae Christiansen & Bellinger 1981 CB81
    |                   |--N. (N.) minutus Folsom 1901 CB81
    |                   `--N. (N.) snideri (Bernard 1975) [=Neelides snideri] CB81
    `--Arthropleona G91
         |  i. s.: Neobeckerella allusa Wray 1942 (n. d.) CB81
         |--Poduroidea [Hypogastruroidea, Poduromorpha] G91
         |    |--Hypogastruridae G91
         |    |--Neanuridae G91
         |    |--Onychiuridae G91
         |    |--Brachystomellidae G91
         |    |--Odontellidae G91
         |    `--Podura Linnaeus 1758 L58 [Poduridae G91, Podurinae]
         |         |--*P. aquatica Linnaeus 1758 (see below for synonymy) CB80a
         |         |--P. arborea linnaeus 1758 L58
         |         `--P. nivalis Linnaeus 1758 L58
         `--Entomobryomorpha S-AB08
              |--Coenaletes [Coenaletidae, Coenaletoidea] S-AB08
              |--Isotomoidea S-AB08
              |    |--Isotomidae G91
              |    `--Actaletes W39 [Actaletidae S-AB08, Actaletinae]
              |         `--A. neptuni RD77
              |--Entomobryoidea G91
              |    |--Entomobryidae G91
              |    |--Paronellidae G91
              |    |--Microfalcula Massoud & Betsch 1966 [Microfalculidae, Microfalculinae] S-AB08
              |    |--Protentomobrya Folsom 1937 CP02 [Protentomobryidae G91]
              |    |    `--*P. walkeri Folsom 1937 CP02
              |    |--Oncobrya Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02 [Oncobryidae S-AB08]
              |    |    `--*O. decepta Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
              |    `--Praentomobryidae S-AB08
              |         |--Cretacentomobrya Christiansen & Nascimbene 2006 S-AB08
              |         `--Preantomobrya Christiansen & Nascimbene 2006 S-AB08
              `--Tomoceroidea S-AB08
                   |--Tomoceridae G91
                   `--Oncopoduridae [Oncopodurinae, Oncopodurini] S-AB08
                        |--Harlomillsia Bonet 1944 [incl. Millsia Bonet 1943 non Womersley 1942] CB80b
                        |    `--*H. oculata (Mills 1937) [=Oncopodura oculata, Millsia oculata] CB80b
                        `--Oncopodura Carl & Lebedinsky 1905 CB80b
                             |--*O. hamata Carl & Lebedinsky 1905 CB80b
                             |--O. alpa Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80b
                             |--O. cruciata Bonet 1943 CB80b
                             |--O. fadriquei Jordana & Baquero 2012 DB21
                             |--O. hoffi Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80b
                             |--O. iowae Christiansen 1961 CB80b
                             |--O. prietoi Bonet 1943 CB80b
                             |--O. tiegsi G91
                             `--O. tunica Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80b

Collembola incertae sedis:
  Permobrya mirabilis CP02
  Setocerura CP02
  Procerura CP02
  Absolonia Börner 1901 KM07
  Stachiomella allusa Wray 1952 (n. d.) CB81
  Symphelos solidago Rafinesque 1820 (n. d.) CB81
  Geracus tubifer Matthew 1897 CB81
  Palaeosminthurus juliae Pierce & Gibron 1962 CB81
  Planocephalus aselloides Scudder 1884 CB81
  Podurites saltator Matthew 1895 CB81
  Pygmarrhopalites maestrazgoensis Jordana, Fadrique & Baquero 2012 DB21

Neelus (Megalothorax Willem 1900) C90, W39 [incl. Amerus Collinge & Shoebotham 1909 non Berlese 1896 W39]

Neelus (*Megalothorax) minimus (Willem 1900) CB81 [=Megalothorax minimus W39; incl. M. maculosus Maynard 1951 CB81, Amerus normani Collinge & Shoebotham 1909 W39]

*Podura aquatica Linnaeus 1758 [incl. P. granulata Macgillivray 1893, P. aquatica f. mimula Maynard 1951] CB80a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BG06] Bretfeld, G., & A. Greigel. 2006. Acanthoneelidus nom. n. for the genus Acanthothorax Bredfeld & Griegel 1999 from northwestern Poland (Insecta, Collembola, Neelidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (1): 46.

[C90] Christiansen, K. A. 1990. Insecta: Collembola. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 965–995. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[CB80a] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980a. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 1. Introduction; general; families Poduridae and Hypogastruridae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CB80b] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980b. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 3. Family Entomobryidae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CB81] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1981. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 4. Families Neelidae and Sminthuridae; glossary; bibliography; index. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CP02] Christiansen, K., & E. Pike. 2002. Cretaceous Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada. Cretaceous Research 23: 165–188.

[DB21] Derkarabetian, S., C. M. Baker, M. Hedin, C. E. Prieto & G. Giribet. 2021. Phylogenomic re-evaluation of Triaenonychoidea (Opiliones: Laniatores), and systematics of Triaenonychidae, including new families, genera and species. Invertebrate Systematics 35: 133–157.

[G91] Greenslade, P. J. 1991. Collembola (springtails). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 252–264. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[KM07] Kury, A. B., & A. C. Mendes. 2007. Taxonomic status of the European genera of Travuniidae (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Munis Entomology & Zoology 2 (1): 1–14.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[S-AB08] Soto-Adames, F. N., J.-A. Barra, K. Christiansen & R. Jordana. 2008. Suprageneric classification of Collembola Entomobryomorpha. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101 (3): 501–513.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Last updated: 3 June 2022.

Isotomidae

Archisotoma pulchella, copyright Arne Fjellberg.

Belongs within: Collembola.
Contains: Anurophorus, Tetracanthella, Cryptopygus, Folsomia, Folsomides, Proisotoma, Isotoma, Isotomurus.

The Isotomidae are a diverse family of elongate springtails. Members of the subfamily Anurophorinae are characterised by a ventral anal opening in contrast to the terminal anus of Proisotominae and Isotominae.

Characters (from Soto-Adames et al. 2008): Scales, trochanteral organs and postocular bothriothrica absent. Antenna with four segments. Fourth abdominal segment usually subequal or shorter than third (except in a few genera with fused segments 4-6). Bothriothrica often absent.

<==Isotomidae
    |--Anurophorinae [Anurophorini] W67
    |    |--Anurophorus CB80
    |    |--Proctostephanus stuckeri W39
    |    |--Tetracanthella W39
    |    |--Cryptopygus W39
    |    |--Folsomia W39
    |    |--Folsomides W39
    |    |--Astephanus Denis 1927 W39
    |    |    `--A. denisi Womersley 1935 W39
    |    |--Arlea Womersley 1939 W39
    |    |    `--*A. lucifuga (Arle 1939) [=Isotomina lucifuga] W39
    |    |--Uzelia Absolon 1901 W39, CB80 [incl. Pentapleotoma W39, Protanurophorus W39]
    |    |    |--*U. setifera Absolon 1901 CB80
    |    |    `--U. hansoni Mills & Richards 1953 CB80
    |    |--Coloburella Latzel 1918 CB80
    |    |    |--C. (Coloburella) [incl. Boernerella Denis 1925] CB80
    |    |    |    |--*C. (C.) reticulata Latzel 1918 CB80
    |    |    |    |--C. (C.) octogenaria (Mills & Schmidt 1957) [=Boernerella octogenaria] CB80
    |    |    |    `--‘*Boernerella’ zangherii Denis 1925 CB80
    |    |    `--C. (Paranurophorus Denis 1929) CB80, W39, CB80
    |    |         `--C. (*P.) simplex (Denis 1929) [=*Paranurophorus simplex; incl. P. armatus Stach 1947] CB80
    |    |--Isotomodes Linnaniemi 1907 W39, CB80
    |    |    |--*I. productus (Axelson 1906) (see below for synonymy) CB80
    |    |    |--I. britanicus Bagnall 1939 W39
    |    |    |--I. falsus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |    |--I. fiscus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |    `--I. klostermani Bernard 1973 CB80
    |    |--Gressittacantha Wise 1967 W67
    |    |    `--G. terranova W67
    |    |--Neocryptopygus Salmon 1965 W67
    |    |    `--N. nivicolus Salmon 1965 W67
    |    `--Weberacantha Christiansen 1951 W67
    |         `--*W. octa Christiansen 1951 CB80
    |--Proisotominae W67
    |    |--Proisotoma W39
    |    `--Archisotoma Linnaniemi 1912 W67, CB80
    |         |--*A. besselsi (Packard 1877) [=Isotoma besselsi; incl. Proisotoma laguna Folsom 1937] CB80
    |         |--A. brucei (Carpenter 1907) [=Isotoma brucei, Proisotoma brucei] W67
    |         |--A. interstitialis Delamare 1954 TM86
    |         |--A. pauliani Delamare 1954 TM86
    |         |--A. pulchella (Moniez 1890) TM86
    |         `--A. renaudi Delamare 1956 TM86
    `--Isotominae [Isotomini] W67
         |--Alloschaefferia W39
         |--Pteronychella W39
         |--Isotoma SL06
         |--Isotomurus W39
         |--Cliforga alleghaniensis Wray 1952 (n. d.) CB81
         |--Agrenia Börner 1906 W39, CB80
         |    `--*A. bidenticulata (Tullberg 1876) [=Isotoma bidenticulata] CB80
         |--Acanthomurus Womersley 1934 W39
         |    `--*A. plumbeus Womersley 1934 [incl. A. plumbeus var. lineata Womersley 1934] W39
         |--Proisotomurus Womersley 1934 W39
         |    `--*P. papillatus Womersley 1934 W39
         |--Isotomiella Bagnall 1939 W39
         |    `--*I. minor (Schäffer 1896) [=Isotoma minor] CB80
         |--Pseudisotoma Handschin 1924 CB80
         |    |--*P. sensibilis (Tullberg 1876) CB80, SL06 (see below for synonymy)
         |    `--P. monochaeta [=Isotoma (Pseudisotoma) monochaeta] Kos 1942 CB80
         |--Spinisotoma Stach 1926 W39
         |    |--*S. pectinata W39
         |    `--S. dimorpha Womersley 1934 W39
         |--Tomocerura Wahlgren 1900 W39
         |    |--*T. picta Wahlgren 1900 W39
         |    |--T. conjugens (Schffr. 1897) W39
         |    `--T. wahlgreni Womersley 1939 W39
         |--Axelsonia Börner 1906 W39, CB80
         |    |--*A. thalassophila Börner 1906 CB80
         |    |--A. littoralis (Moniez 1890) [incl. A. australis Bagnall 1939] W39
         |    |--A. nitida W39
         |    `--A. tubifera Strenzke 1958 CB80
         `--Antarcticinella Salmon 1965 W67
              `--A. monoculata Salmon 1965 W67

Isotomidae incertae sedis:
  Rhyniella praecursor Hirst & Maulik 1926 CP02
  Folsomotoma bioculata CP02, G91
  Stachanorema Wray 1957 CB80
    |--*S. arnaudi Wray 1957 CB80
    `--S. contra Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
  Coloberella octogenaria C90
  Metisotoma Maynard 1951 CB80
    `--M. grandiceps (Reuter 1891) (see below for synonymy) CB80
  Semicerura Maynard 1951 CB80
    |--*S. bishopi Maynard 1951 CB80
    `--S. multispinata (James 1933) [=Isotoma multispinata] CB80
  Bonetrura Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    `--*B. boneti (Yosii 1962) [=Guthriella boneti] CB80
  Micrisotoma Bellinger 1952 CB80
    `--*M. achromata Bellinger 1952 CB80
  Protoisotoma Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    `--*P. micromucra Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
  Scutisotoma Bagnall 1949 [incl. Dimorphotoma Grinbergs 1975] SL06
    |--*S. titusi (Folsom 1937) [=Proisotoma titusi] CB80
    `--‘Dimorphotoma’ porcellus Ellis 1976 SL06
  Psammisotoma kingi MC13
  Micranurophorus Bernard 1977 CB80
    `--*M. musci Bernard 1977 CB80
  Dagamaea Yosii 1965 CB80
    `--D. tenuis (Folsom 1937) [=Isotomodes tenuis; incl. *D. japonica Yosii 1965] CB80
  Pentacanthella decemoculata Deharveng 1979 CB80
  Pectenisotoma S-AB08

*Isotomodes productus (Axelson 1906) [=Isotoma producta; incl. Isotoma elongata Axelson 1903 non MacGillivray 1896] CB80

Metisotoma grandiceps (Reuter 1891) [=Isotoma grandiceps, *Cephalotoma grandiceps; incl. M. capitona Maynard 1951, Isotoma macnamarai Folsom 1918, *M. spiniseta Maynard 1951] CB80

*Pseudisotoma sensibilis (Tullberg 1876) CB80, SL06 [=Isotoma sensibilis CB80; incl. I. determinata MacGillivray 1896 CB80, I. longidens Schäffer 1896 S00, I. monstrosa Schäffer 1896 S00, I. parva MacGillivray 1896 CB80]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C90] Christiansen, K. A. 1990. Insecta: Collembola. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 965–995. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[CB80] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 2. Families Onychiuridae and Isotomidae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CB81] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1981. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 4. Families Neelidae and Sminthuridae; glossary; bibliography; index. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CP02] Christiansen, K., & E. Pike. 2002. Cretaceous Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada. Cretaceous Research 23: 165–188.

[G91] Greenslade, P. J. 1991. Collembola (springtails). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 252–264. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[SL06] Schulz, H.-J., & P. Lymberakis. 2006. First contribution to the knowledge of the Collembola fauna of the White Mountains (Lefká Óri) in west Crete (Insecta, Collembola, Isotomidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 229–234.

[S-AB08] Soto-Adames, F. N., J.-A. Barra, K. Christiansen & R. Jordana. 2008. Suprageneric classification of Collembola Entomobryomorpha. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101 (3): 501–513.

[TM86] Thibaud, J.-M., & Z. Massoud. 1986. Insecta: Collembola. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 616–617. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[W67] Wise, K. A. J. 1967. Collembola (springtails). Antarctic Research Series 10: 123–148.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Last updated: 1 June 2022.

Sminthuridae

Sminthurides aquaticus, copyright Andy Murray.

Belongs within: Collembola.
Contains: Katiannini, Sminthurini, Bourletiellini.

The Sminthuridae are a family of globular springtails in which the antennae are elongate, with the distalmost segment equal to or longer than the penultimate segment (Greenslade 1991). In members of the subfamilies Sminthuridinae and Katianninae, the corpus of the retinaculum bears lateral appendages at the base of the rami; such appendages are absent in Sminthurinae (Womersley 1939).

<==Sminthuridae [Smithurididae]
    |  i. s.: Stenognathriopes CP02
    |         Papiroides CP02
    |         Spatulosminthurus flaviceps (Tullberg 1871) SL06
    |         Brevimucronus Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    |           `--*B. anomalus Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    |         Keratopygos Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    |           `--*K. megalos Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    |         Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez 1948 CB81
    |--Katianninae G91
    |    |  i. s.: Collophora Richards 1964 CB81
    |    |           `--*C. quadrioculata (Denis 1933) [=Arrhopalites quadrioculata] CB81
    |    |--Katiannini W39
    |    `--Adelphoderia [Spinothecini] G91
    |         `--A. regina G91
    |--Sminthurinae G91
    |    |  i. s.: Vesicephalus Richards 1964 CB81
    |    |           |--*V. longisetis (Guthrie 1903) [=Sminthurus longisetis, Neosminthurus longisetis] CB81
    |    |           `--V. occidentalis (Mills 1935) [=Neosminthurus occidentalis] CB81
    |    |--Sminthurini G91
    |    `--Bourletiellini G91
    `--Sminthuridinae G91
         |--Pygicornides Betsch & Massoud 1972 W74
         |    `--P. torridus MC13
         `--Sminthurides Börner 1900 [incl. Prosminthurus Willem 1900; Sminthuridini] W39
              |  i. s.: S. assimilis (Krausbauer 1898) [=Sminthurus assimilis] CB81
              |         S. distinctus Linnaniemi 1912 CB81
              |         S. penicillifer (Schäffer 1896) [=Sminthurus penicillifer] CB81
              |         S. pseudassimilis Stach 1956 CB81
              |         S. pseudoviolaceus Scott 1964 (n. d.) CB81
              |--S. (Sminthurides) W39
              |    |--*S. (S.) aquaticus (Bourlet 1843) CB81 (see below for synonymy)
              |    |--S. (S.) annulicornis Axelson 1905 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) aureolus Maynard 1951 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) bifidus Mills 1934 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) globocerus Folsom & Mills 1938 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) hyogramme Pedigo 1966 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) lepus Mills 1934 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) macnamarai Folsom & Mills 1938 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) malmgreni (Tullberg 1876) (see below for synonymy) CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) occultus Mills 1934 CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) plicatus (Schött 1891) [=Sminthurus plicatus] CB81
              |    |--S. (S.) signatus Krausbauer 1898 W39 [incl. S. krausbaueri Folsom & Mills 1938 CB81]
              |    |--S. (S.) stagnalis Womersley 1934 W39
              |    |--S. (S.) terrestris Maynard 1951 CB81
              |    `--S. (S.) weichseli Christiansen & Bellinger 1981 CB81
              |--S. (Denisiella Folsom & Mills 1938) CB81
              |    |--S. (*D.) seurati Denis 1925 CB81
              |    `--S. (D.) sexpinnatus Denis 1931 CB81
              |--S. (Sphaeridia Linnaniemi 1912) CB81
              |    |--S. (*S.) pumilis (Krausbauer 1898) CB81 (see below for synonymy)
              |    `--S. (S.) serratus Folsom & Mills 1938 CB81
              `--S. (Stenacidia Börner 1906) [incl. Jeannenotia Stach 1956] CB81
                   |--S. (*S.) violacea (Reuter 1881) CB81 [=Sminthurus violaceus CB81, Jeannenotia violacea G91]
                   `--S. (S.) stachi Jeannenot 1955 [=*Jeannenotia stachi] CB81

*Sminthurides (Sminthurides) aquaticus (Bourlet 1843) CB81 [=Smynthurus aquaticus CB81, Sminthurus aquaticus W39; incl. Smynthurus amicus Folsom 1896 W39, Prosminthurus amicus W39, Sminthurides amicus W39, Sminthurus levanderi Reuter in Schött 1893 CB81, Sminthurus apicalis var. levanderi W39, Sminthurides aquaticus var. levanderi W39, Sminthurus aquaticus var. levanderi W39]

Sminthurides (Sminthurides) malmgreni (Tullberg 1876) [incl. Smi. malmgreni var. elegantulus Reuter 1881, Smi. immaculatus Axelson 1905, Smi. ludovicianus Folsom & Mills 1938, Smi. maculatus Agren 1903, Smi. palustris Folsom & Mills 1938, Smi. quadrilineatus Agren 1903, Smynthurus socialis Folsom 1896] CB81

Sminthurides (Sphaeridia) pumilis (Krausbauer 1898) CB81 [=Sminthurus pumilis CB81; incl. Sminthurides globosus Axelson 1902 W39, Smithurus minimus Schött 1893 (n. d.) CB81]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CB81] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1981. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 4. Families Neelidae and Sminthuridae; glossary; bibliography; index. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CP02] Christiansen, K., & E. Pike. 2002. Cretaceous Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada. Cretaceous Research 23: 165–188.

[G91] Greenslade, P. J. 1991. Collembola (springtails). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 252–264. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[SL06] Schulz, H.-J., & P. Lymberakis. 2006. First contribution to the knowledge of the Collembola fauna of the White Mountains (Lefká Óri) in west Crete (Insecta, Collembola, Isotomidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 229–234.

[W74] Wallace, M. M. H. 1974. The entognathous hexapods. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 31–32.Melbourne University Press.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Last updated: 3 June 2022.