Trichosphaeriaceae

Trichosphaeria notabilis on Clematis vitalba, from Mycologues Associes.

Belongs within: Sordariomycetes.

The Trichosphaeriaceae are a family of saprobic fungi most commonly found on wood and bark (Cannon & Kirk 2007).

Characters (from Cannon & Kirk 2007): Stromata absent, or reduced to a hyphal subiculum. Ascomata perithecial, superficial, often aggregated, ± globose, black, often thick-walled, usually setose, the ostiole papillate, periphysate; peridium composed of thick-walled angular cells, sometimes larger and more strongly pigmented towards the apex. Interascal tissue of narrow, persistent, thin-walled, true paraphyses formed from a basal meristem. Asci cylindrical, persistent, thin-walled, not fissitunicate, usually with a small J- apical ring. Ascospores variously shaped, hyaline to versicoloured, usually septate and rarely muriform, sometimes fragmenting at the septa, without germ pores, sometimes with a sheath. Anamorphs varied, hyphomycetous, with simple pigmented conidiophores and often with complex conidia.

Trichosphaeriaceae [Trichosphaeriales]
    |--Acanthosphaeria EB03
    |--Collematospora EB03
    |--Coniobrevicolla larsenii EB03, E99
    |--Crassochaeta EB03
    |--Cresporhaphis EB03
    |--Eriosphaeria EB03
    |--Fluviostroma EB03
    |--Kananascus EB03
    |--Miyoshiella EB03
    |--Rhynchomeliola EB03
    |--Rizalia EB03
    |--Schweinitziella EB03
    |--Setocampanula EB03
    |--Trichosphaeria EB03
    |--Umbrinosphaeria EB03
    `--Neorehmia von Höhnel 1902 EB03, RS99 [incl. Larseniella Munk 1942 RS99]
         |--*N. ceratophora von Höhnel 1902 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         `--N. arecae [=Oplothecium arecae, Trichosphaerella arecae] RS99

*Neorehmia ceratophora von Höhnel 1902 [=Trichosphaerella ceratophora (von Höhnel) Müller in Müller & von Arx 1962; incl. *Larseniella globulispora Munk 1942] RS99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cannon, P. F., & P. M. Kirk. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CABI.

[E99] Eriksson, O. E. (ed.) 1999. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 2440-2755. Myconet 2: 1-41.

[EB03] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota—2003. Myconet 9: 1-89.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.

Chaetosphaeriaceae

Belongs within: Sordariales.

Chaetosphaeria inaequalis, photographed by Lucien Rommelaars.


The Chaetosphaeriaceae are a group of saprobic fungi growing on decaying woody and herbaceous plant material (Cannon & Kirk 2007).

Characters (from Cannon & Kirk 2007): Stroma absent or restricted to a thin sometimes subiculate crust. Ascomata perithecial, superficial, often aggregated, black, ± globose to conical, usually rather thin-walled but often carbonaceous, glabrous or setose, the ostiole papillate, periphysate. Interascal tissue of copious persistent true paraphyses. Asci cylindrical, persistent, thin-walled, not fissitunicate, with a well-developed refractive J- apical ring. Ascospores ellipsoidal to fusiform, transversely septate, sometimes fragmenting at the septa, hyaline or brown. Anamorphs hyphomycetous, varied, with pigmented conidiophores and percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells often with widely flared collarettes, conidia very varied in form but mostly small and hyaline.

Chaetosphaeriaceae
    |--Ascochalara EB03Outline
    |--Ascocodinaea EB03Outline
    |--Carpoligna EB03Outline
    |--Chaetosphaeria inaequalis EB03Outline, RS99 [=Melanopsamella inaequalis RS99, Trichosphaerella inaequalis RS99]
    |--Lecythothecium EB03Outline
    |--Melanochaeta EB03Outline
    |--Porosphaerella EB03Outline
    |--Porosphaerellopsis EB03Outline
    |--Striatosphaeria EB03Outline
    `--Australiasca Sivanesan & Alcorn 2002 [anam. Dischloridium] EB03Notes
         `--anam. Dischloridium camelliae EB03Notes

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cannon, P. F., & P. M. Kirk. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CABI.

[EB03Notes] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, T. Laessøe & G. Rambold (eds.) 2003. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 3580-3623. Myconet 9: 91-103.

[EB03Outline] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota—2003. Myconet 9: 1-89.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.

Lasiosphaeriaceae

Podospora anserina, from here.

Belongs within: Sordariales.

The Lasiosphaeriaceae are a family of saprobes found in dung, soil and rotting vegetation (Cannon & Kirk 2007).

Characters (from Cannon & Kirk 2007): Stromata absent, rarely with a basal subiculum. Ascomata perithecial, dark, often thick-walled, ostiolate or not, often hairy or ornamented, the ostiole if presen t periphysate. Interascal tissue often present, of wide thin-walled paraphyses, often inconspicuous and usually evanescent. Asci cylindric-davate to clavate, fairly thin-walled and not fissitunicate, rarely evanescent, usually with a small J- apical ring. Ascospores variable, usually with at least one dark brown and one hyaline cell, occasionally ornamented, with gelatinous appendages or caudae (often long), normally lacking a sheath. Anamorphs varied but rarely prominent, hyphomycetous, probably spermatial in function.

Lasiosphaeriaceae
    |--Acrospermoides EB03
    |--Adomia EB03
    |--Anopodium EB03
    |--Apiosordaria EB03
    |--Apodospora EB03
    |--Arniella EB03
    |--Arnium EB03
    |--Ascovaginospora EB03
    |--Biconiosporella EB03
    |--Bizzozeria EB03
    |--Bombardia EB03
    |--Bombardioidea EB03
    |--Camptosphaeria EB03
    |--Caudatispora EB03
    |--Ceratosphaeria EB03
    |--Cercophora septentrionalis EB03, JC03
    |--Diffractella EB03
    |--Emblemospora EB03
    |--Eosphaeria EB03
    |--Fimetariella EB03
    |--Jugulospora EB03
    |--Lasiobertia EB03
    |--Lasiosphaeria EB03
    |--Lasiosphaeriella EB03
    |--Merugia EB03
    |--Mycomedusiospora flavida EB03, RS99 [=Cyanocephalium flavidum RS99]
    |--Myelosperma tumidum EB03, E99
    |--Periamphispora EB03
    |--Phaeotrichosphaeria EB03
    |--Phragmodiscus EB03
    |--Plagiosphaeria EB03
    |--Pseudocercophora EB03
    |--Pseudohalonectria EB03
    |--Schizothecium EB03
    |--Spinulosphaeria EB03
    |--Strattonia EB03
    |--Tripterosporella EB03
    |--Zopfiella EB03
    |--Zygopleurage EB03
    |--Zygospermella EB03
    |--Pulmosphaeria Taylor, Hyde & Jones 1996 EB03, E99
    |    `--*P. archontophoenicis Taylor, Hyde & Jones 1996 E99
    `--Podospora EB03
         |--P. anserina JC03
         `--P. pauciseta SL02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cannon, P. F., & P. M. Kirk. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CABI.

[E99] Eriksson, O. E. (ed.) 1999. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 2440-2755. Myconet 2: 1-41.

[EB03] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota—2003. Myconet 9: 1-89.

[JC03] Jacobs, A., M. P. A. Coetzee, B. D. Wingfield, K. Jacobs & M. J. Wingfield. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships among Phialocephala species and other ascomycetes. Mycologia 95 (4): 637-645.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.

[SL02] Schweigkofler, W., K. Lopandic, O. Molnár & H. Prillinger. 2002. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycota with yeast phases using ribosomal DNA sequences and cell wall sugars. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 2: 1-17.

Calosphaeriaceae

Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, photographed by K. Nishimura.

Belongs within: Sordariomycetidae.

The Calosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi that mostly appear to be saprobes in dead bark (Cannon & Kirk 2007).

Characters (from Cannon & Kirk 2007): Stromata immersed in bark, varied in development, composed of fungal cells mixed with host tissue. Ascomata perithecial, often aggregated in valsoid or eutypoid clusters, the ostioles usually converging, papillate or long-necked and lined with periphyses; peridium reddish brown to black, composed of several rows of compressed cells. lnterascal tissue of broad thin-walled tapering paraphyses. Asci formed in a small fascicle from a short ascogenous hypha which sometimes proliferates to form a spike-like cluster, thin-walled with one functional wall-layer, the apex often thickened and refractive with a J- apical ring. Ascospores hyaline or pale yellow, allantoid, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, thin-walled, mostly aseptate, budding within the ascus in a few species. Anamorphs hyphomycetous, Acremonium-like or Phialophora-like.

Calosphaeriaceae [Calosphaeriales]
    |--Jattaea EB03
    |--Kacosphaeria EB03
    |--Pachytrype EB03
    |--*Phragmocalosphaeria polyblasta EB03, RS99 [=Calosphaeria polyblasta RS99, Cesatiella polyblasta RS99]
    |--Pleurostoma EB03
    |--Romellia EB03
    |--Wegelina EB03
    `--Togninia Berlese 1900 [=Erostella (Saccardo) Trav. 1905; anam. Phaeoacremonium] MC03
         |--*T. minima (Tulasne & Tulasne) Berlese 1900 (see below for synonymy) MC03
         |--anam. Phaeoacremonium angustius MC03
         |--T. fraxinopennsylvanica (Hinds) Hausner, Eyjólfsdóttir & Reid 1992 MC03
         |--anam. P. inflatipes MC03
         |--anam. P. mortoniae MC03
         |--T. novae-zealandiae Hausner, Eyjólfsdóttir & Reid 1992 MC03
         |--anam. Phaeoacremonium parasiticum MC03
         |--anam. Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum MC03
         `--anam. Phaeoacremonium viticola MC03

*Togninia minima (Tulasne & Tulasne) Berlese 1900 [=Calosphaeria minima Tulasne & Tulasne 1863, C. (Erostella) minima (Tulasne & Tulasne) Saccardo 1882, *Erostella minima (Tulasne & Tulasne) Traverso 1906; incl. C. alnicola Ellis & Everhart 1891, Togninia alnicola (Ellis & Everhart) Berlese 1900, *Longoa paniculata Curzi 1927; anam. Phaeoacremonium aleophilum Gams, Crous, Wingf. & Mugnai 1996] MC03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cannon, P. F., & P. M. Kirk. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CABI.

[EB03] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota—2003. Myconet 9: 1-89.

[MC03] Mostert, L., P. W. Crous, J. Z. Groenewald, W. Gams & R. C. Summerbell. 2003. Togninia (Calosphaeriales) is confirmed as teleomorph of Phaeoacremonium by means of morphology, sexual compatibility and DNA phylogeny. Mycologia 95 (4): 646-659.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.

Bionectriaceae

Nectriella dacrymycella, from here.

Belongs within: Hypocreales.

The Bionectriaceae are a family of fungi producing pallid ascomata that are generally superficial or immersed in their substratum (Rossman et al. 1999).

Characters (from Rossman et al. 1999): Ascomata perithecial, rarely cleistothecal, white, yellow, orange to tan or brown, not changing colour in KOH or lactic acid, centrum of Nectria-type.

Bionectriaceae [Seliniaceae]
    |  i. s.: ‘Pseudonectria’ coronata RS99
    |--anam. Albosynnema elegans RS99
    |--Battarrina (Saccardo) Clements in Clements & Shear 1931 [=Hypocrea subg. Battarrina Saccardo 1883] RS99
    |    `--*B. inclusa (Berkeley & Broome) Clements in Clements & Shear 1931 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Clibanites Karsten 1871 [=Peziza sect. Clibanites Karsten 1869] RS99
    |    `--*C. paradoxa (Karsten) Karsten 1871 [=Peziza paradoxa Karsten 1869] RS99
    |--Halonectria Jones 1965 RS99
    |    `--*H. milfordensis Jones 1965 RS99
    |--Mycoarachis Malloch & Cain 1970 RS99
    |    `--*M. inversa Malloch & Cain 1970 RS99
    |--Ochronectria Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |    `--*O. calami (Henn. & Nyman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Bryonectria Döbbeler 1998 RS99
    |    `--*B. hylocomii (Döbbeler) Döbbeler 1998 [=Nectria hylocomii Döbbeler 1978] RS99
    |--Emericellopsis Beyma 1940 RS99
    |    `--*E. terricola Bayma 1940 RS99
    |--Kallichroma Kohlmeyer & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1993 RS99
    |    |--*K. tethys (Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer) Kohlmeyer & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1993 [=Hydronectria tethys] RS99
    |    `--K. glabrum (Kohlmeyer) Kohlmeyer & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1993 [=Hydronectria tethys var. glabra] RS99
    |--Mycocitrus Möller 1901 [incl. Shiraiella Hara 1914] RS99
    |    |--*M. aurantium Möller 1901 RS99
    |    `--M. phyllostachydis (Sydow & Sydow) Doi 1967 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Peethambara Subram. & Bhat 1978 RS99
    |    |--*P. sundara Subram. & Bhat 1978 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--P. spirostriata (Rossman) Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Roumegueriella Spegazzini in Roumeguère & Spegazzini 1880 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--R. rufula (Berkeley & Broome) Malloch & Cain 1972 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--R. pulchella Udagawa et al. 1994 RS99
    |--Lasionectria (Saccardo) Cooke 1884 [=Nectria subg. Lasionectria Saccardo 1883] RS99
    |    |--*L. mantuana (Saccardo) Cooke 1884 [=Nectria (subg. *Lasionectria) mantuana Saccardo 1877] RS99
    |    |--L. sylvana (Mouton) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--L. vulpina (Cooke) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Stilbocrea Patouillard 1900 [=Stilbocera (l. c.)] RS99
    |    |--S. macrostoma (Berkeley & Curtis) von Höhnel 1909 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--S. gracilipes (Tulasne & Tulasne) Samuels & Seifert in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--S. impressa (Montagne) Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Paranectria Saccardo 1878 [incl. Ciliomyces von Höhnel 1906] RS99
    |    |--*P. affinis (Greville) Saccardo 1878 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. oropensis (Ces.) Hawksworth & Piroz. 1977 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. sclerochitonis Hansford 1946 (see below for synonymy) DP72
    |    `--P. superba Hawksworth 1982 RS99
    |--Heleococcum Jørg 1922 RS99
    |    |--*H. aurantiacum Jørg 1922 RS99
    |    |--H. alatosporum Udagawa et al. 1995 RS99
    |    |--H. inapertum Udagawa et al. 1995 RS99
    |    `--H. japonense Tubaki 1967 RS99
    |--Selinia Karsten 1876 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--*S. pulchra (Winter) Karsten 1876 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--S. africana RS99
    |    |--S. antarctica RS99
    |    `--S. intermedia RS99
    |--Valsonectria Spegazzini 1881 [incl. Endocreas Samuels & Rogerson 1989] RS99
    |    |--*V. pulchella Spegazzini 1881 RS99
    |    |--V. boldoae Spegazzini 1910 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--V. lasiacidis (Samuels & Rogerson) Samuels & Rossman 1997 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--V. simpsonii Samuels & Seifert 1997 RS99
    |--Bionectria Spegazzini 1919 [anam. Clonostachys] RS99
    |    |--*B. tonduzii Spegazzini 1919 [=B. tonduzi, Nectria tonduzi (Spegazzini) Samuels 1988, N. tonduzii] RS99
    |    |--B. apocyni (Peck) Schroers & Samuels 1997 [=Nectria apocyni Peck 1873] RS99
    |    |--B. aureofulva (Cooke & Ellis) Schroers & Samuels 1997 [=Nectria aureofulva Cooke & Ellis 1878] RS99
    |    |--B. byssicola (Berkeley & Broome) Schroers & Samuels 1997 [=Nectria byssicola Berkeley & Broome 1873] RS99
    |    `--B. ochroleuca (Schweinitz) Schroers & Samuels 1997 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Dimerosporiella Spegazzini 1908 [incl. Epinectria Sydow & Sydow 1917] RS99
    |    |--*D. paulistana Spegazzini 1908 RS99
    |    |--D. cephalosporii (Hansford) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--D. guarapiensis (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--D. leucorrhodina (Montagne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--D. oidioides (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--D. pipericola (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--D. sensitiva (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Trichonectria Kirschst. 1907 RS99
    |    |--T. hirta (Bloxam) Petch 1937 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--T. albidopilosa (Rogerson & Samuels) Samuels 1988 [=Nectria albidopilosa] RS99
    |    |--T. erythroxylifolii Samuels 1988 RS99
    |    |--T. horrida Samuels 1988 RS99
    |    |--T. hyalocristata Scheuer 1989 RS99
    |    |--T. pellucida Döbbeler 1978 RS99
    |    `--T. rectipila Samuels, Rogerson & Barr 1988 RS99
    |--Protocreopsis Doi 1976 [incl. Cryptothecium Penzig & Saccardo 1897 non Hübner 1851] RS99
    |    |--P. fusigera (Berkeley & Broome) Doi 1978 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. albofimbriata (Penzig & Saccardo) Doi 1978 [=Nectria albofimbriata Penzig & Saccardo 1897] RS99
    |    |--P. foliicola (Berkeley & Curtis) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. freycinetiae (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. javanica (von Höhnel) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. pertusa (Patouillard) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. pertusoides (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. phormiicola (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--P. viridis Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |--Ijuhya Starbäck 1899 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. peristomialis (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. aquifolii (Cooke & Ellis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. bambusina (Sydow & Sydow) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. chilensis (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. corynespora (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. dentifera (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. dictyospora (Rossman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. leucocarpa (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--I. paraparilis (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--I. parilis (Sydow) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Nectriopsis Maire 1911 (nom. cons.) [incl. Dasyphthora Clements 1909 (nom. rej.), Peloronectriella Doi 1968] RS99
    |    |--*N. violacea (Fries) Maire 1911 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--N. candicans RS99
    |    |--N. epichloe RS99
    |    |--N. hypocrellicola (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--N. lasioderma [=Nectria lasioderma, *Dasyphthora lasioderma] RS99
    |    |--N. macroepichloe RS99
    |    |--N. oropensoides RS99
    |    |--N. perpusilla [incl. Lisea parasitica] RS99
    |    |--N. queletii (Karsten) Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    `--N. sasae (Doi) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=*Peloronectriella sasae Doi 1968] RS99
    |--Hydropisphaera Dumortier 1822 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--*H. peziza (Tode: Fries) Dumortier 1822 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. arenula (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. arenuloides (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. boothii (Hawksworth) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. cyatheae (Dingley) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria cyathea Dingley 1956] RS99
    |    |--H. dolichospora (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. erubescens (Desmazières) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. gigantea (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. haematites (Sydow & Sydow) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. hypoxantha (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman. Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. leucotricha (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. macrarenula (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. multiloculata (Sanuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. multiseptata (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. nymaniana (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria nymaniana Henn. 1899] RS99
    |    |--H. pachyderma (Rossman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--H. rufofusca (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman et al. 1993 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--‘Hyphonectria’ solani RS99
    |    `--H. suffulta (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Pronectria Clements in Clements & Shear 1931 RS99
    |    |--P. robergei (Montagne & Desmazières) Lowen 1990 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. anisospora (Lowen) Lowen 1990 [=Nectriella anisospora Lowen 1989] RS99
    |    |--P. casaresii Etayo 1998 RS99
    |    |--P. dealbans (Müller) Etayo & Breuss 1996 [=Sphaerella dealbans Müller 1872] RS99
    |    |--P. echinulata Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |    |--P. erythrinella (Nylander) Lowen 1990 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. fissuriprodiens Etayo in Etayo & Diederich 1996 RS99
    |    |--P. laminariae (Eriksson) Lowen 1990 [=Nectriella laminariae Eriksson 1964] RS99
    |    |--P. oligospora Lowen & Rogerson 1995 RS99
    |    |    |--P. o. var. oligospora RS99
    |    |    `--P. o. var. octospora Etayo 1998 RS99
    |    |--P. pertusariicola Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |    |--P. santessonii (Lowen & Hawksworth) Lowen 1990 [=Nectriella santessonii Lowen & Hawksworth 1986] RS99
    |    |--P. septemseptata Etayo 1998 RS99
    |    |--P. subimperspicua (Spegazzini) Lowen 1990 [=Nectria subimperspicua Spegazzini 1899] RS99
    |    |--P. tenacis (Vouaux) Lowen 1990 [=Pharcidia mamillula f. tenacis Vouaux in Bouly de Lesdain 1910] RS99
    |    |--P. tenuispora (Hawksworth) Lowen 1990 [=Nectriella tenuispora Hawksworth 1978] RS99
    |    |--P. terrestris Lowen & Diederich 1990 RS99
    |    |--P. tincta (Fuckel) Lowen 1990 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |    |--P. verrucariae (Vouaux) Lowen 1990 [=Nectria verrucariae Vouaux 1912] RS99
    |    `--P. xanthoriae Lowen & Diederich 1990 RS99
    `--Nectriella Nitschke in Fuckel 1870 RS99
         |--*N. fuckelii Nitschke in Fuckel 1870 [=Calonectria fuckelii (Nitschke) Saccardo 1878] RS99
         |--N. alpina (Winter) Weese 1914 [=Nectria alpina Winter 1880] RS99
         |--N. balansiae Arnold 1967 RS99
         |--N. bloxamii (Berkeley & Broome) Fuckel 1877 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. crouanii Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. curtisii (Berkeley) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. dacrymycella (Nylander) Rehm 1874 [=Sphaeria dacrymycella Nylander 1863] RS99
         |--N. dakotensis (Seaver) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. exigua Dennis 1983 RS99
         |--N. funicola (Berkeley & Broome) Petch 1937 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. galii (Plowr. & Harkn.) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria galii Plowr. & Harkn. 1884] RS99
         |--N. guttulata Lowen 1989 RS99
         |--N. halonata Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. jucunda (Durieu & Montagne) Saccardo 1878 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. luteola (Desmazières) Weese 1914 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. minuta Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
         |--N. paludosa Fuckel 1870 (see below for synonymy) RS99
         |--N. pironii Alfieri & Samuels 1980 [anam. Kutilakesa pironii Alfieri 1979] RS99
         |--N. rubricapitula Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
         |--N. sambuci (von Höhnel) Weese 1914 [=Charonectria sambuci von Höhnel 1903] RS99
         |--N. silenes-acaulis Nograsek 1990 RS99
         |--N. utahensis Lowen & Rogerson in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
         `--N. verrucosa Urries 1941 RS99

*Battarrina inclusa (Berkeley & Broome) Clements in Clements & Shear 1931 [=Hypocrea inclusa Berkeley & Broome 1861] RS99

Bionectria ochroleuca (Schweinitz) Schroers & Samuels 1997 [=Sphaeria ochroleuca Schweinitz 1834, Nectria ochroleuca (Schweinitz) Berkeley 1875; anam. Clonostachys rosea (Link: Fries) Schroers et al. 1999] RS99

Dimerosporiella cephalosporii (Hansford) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Calonectria cephalosporii Hansford 1946, Nectriopsis cephalosporii (Hansford) Samuels 1988] RS99

Dimerosporiella guarapiensis (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Calonectria guarapiensis Spegazzini 1885, Nectria microleuca Rossman 1979, Nectriopsis guarapiensis (Spegazzini) Samuels 1988; incl. Nectria bakeri Rehm 1908, Nectria perpusilla Saccardo 1913 non (Montagne) Montagne 1856] RS99

Dimerosporiella leucorrhodina (Montagne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Peziza leucorrhodina Montagne in Sagra 1842, Belonidium leucorrhodinum (Montagne) Saccardo 1889, Calonectria leucorrhodina (Montagne) Spegazzini 1885, Nectriopsis leucorrhodina (Montagne) Samuels 1988, Scutula leucorrhodina (Montagne) Spegazzini 1888, Trichobelonium leucorrhodina (Montagne) Seaver 1951; incl. Nectria byssiseda Rehm in Winter 1898, Pseudomeliola collapsa Earle 1905, Calonectria limpida Sydow & Sydow 1912, Nectria puberula var. microspora Bat. & Nascim. in Batista et al. 1956 non Nectria microspora Cooke & Ellis 1876, Pseudomeliola pipericola Stevens 1918 non Nectria pipericola Henn. 1904, Calonectria tubaroensis Rehm 1898, C. ukolayii Thaung 1976] RS99

Dimerosporiella oidioides (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria oidioides Spegazzini 1889, Nectriopsis oidioides (Spegazzini) Samuels 1988] RS99

Dimerosporiella pipericola (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pipericola Henn. 1904, Nectriopsis pipericola (Henn.) Samuels 1988; incl. *Epinectria meliolae Sydow & Sydow 1917] RS99

Dimerosporiella sensitiva (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria sensitiva Rehm 1900, Nectriopsis sensitiva (Rehm) Samuels 1988] RS99

Hydropisphaera Dumortier 1822 [=Nectria subg. Hyphonectria Saccardo 1883, Hyphonectria (Saccardo) Petch 1937, Neuronectria Munk 1957; incl. Neohenningsia Koord. 1907, Perrotiella Naumov 1916] RS99

Hydropisphaera arenula (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaeria arenula Berkeley & Broome 1852, Cucurbitaria arenula (Berkeley & Broome) Kuntze 1898, Dialonectria arenula (Berkeley & Broome) Cooke 1884, Nectria arenula (Berkeley & Broome) Berkeley 1860; incl. Calonectria transiens Rehm 1900] RS99

Hydropisphaera arenuloides (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria arenuloides Samuels 1976] RS99

Hydropisphaera boothii (Hawksworth) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria boothii Hawksworth 1980] RS99

Hydropisphaera dolichospora (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria dolichospora Penzig & Saccardo 1897] RS99

Hydropisphaera erubescens (Desmazières) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaeria erubescens Desmazières 1846, Amphinectria erubescens (Desmazières) Saccardo ex Spegazzini 1927, Calonectria erubescens (Desmazières) Saccardo 1878; incl. C. crescentiae Seaver & Waterston 1940, C. umbelliferarum Seaver 1916, C. venezuelensis Sydow & Sydow 1935] RS99

Hydropisphaera gigantea (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Lasionectria gigantea Spegazzini 1902, Nectria gigantea (Spegazzini) Saccardo & Saccardo 1905] RS99

Hydropisphaera haematites (Sydow & Sydow) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria haematites Sydow & Sydow in Mildbraed 1914] RS99

Hydropisphaera hypoxantha (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman. Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria hypoxantha Penzig & Saccardo 1897] RS99

Hydropisphaera leucotricha (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria leucotricha Penzig & Saccardo 1897] RS99

Hydropisphaera macrarenula (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria macrarenula Samuels 1990] RS99

Hydropisphaera multiloculata (Sanuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria multiloculata Samuels 1978] RS99

Hydropisphaera multiseptata (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria multiseptata Samuels 1978] RS99

Hydropisphaera pachyderma (Rossman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pachyderma Rossman 1983] RS99

*Hydropisphaera peziza (Tode: Fries) Dumortier 1822 [=Sphaeria peziza Tode 1791: Fries 1823, Cucurbitaria peziza (Tode: Fries) Kuntze 1898, Dialonectria peziza (Tode: Fries) Cooke 1884, *Hyphonectria peziza, Nectria peziza (Tode: Fries) Fries 1849, *Neuronectria peziza (Tode: Fries) Munk 1957; incl. Nectria betulina Rehm 1906, Nectria consanguinea Rehm 1887, Nectria epigaea Cooke 1879, Byssonectria epigaea (Cooke) Cooke 1884, Nectria fallax Rick 1906, Nectria fimicola Fuckel 1870, Byssonectria fimicola (Fuckel) Cooke 1884, Cucurbitaria fimicola (Fuckel) Kuntze 1898, Nectria henningsii Rehm 1889, Nectria importata Rehm 1888, Cucurbitaria importata (Rehm) Kuntze 1898, Nectria perforata Ellis & Holw. in Arthur 1887, C. perforata (Ellis & Holw.) Kuntze 1898, Nectria pezicula Spegazzini 1878, Byssonectria pezicula (Spegazzini) Cooke 1884, Nectria rimicola Cooke 1883, Cucurbitaria rimicola (Cooke) Kuntze 1898, Nectria sphagnicola Kirschst. 1906, Nectria umbellulariae Plowr. & Harkn. 1884, Cucurbitaria umbellulariae (Plowr. & Harkn.) Kuntze 1898, *Perrotiella uralensis Naumov 1916] RS99

Hydropisphaera rufofusca (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman et al. 1993 [=Nectriella rufofusca Penzig & Saccardo 1897; incl. Neohenningsia brasiliensis Henn. 1908, Nectria brasiliensis (Henn.) von Höhnel 1909, Pseudonectria brasiliensis (Henn.) Weese 1916, *Neohenningsia stellatula Koord. 1907, Nectria stellatula (Koord.) von Höhnel 1909] RS99

Hydropisphaera suffulta (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria suffulta Berkeley & Curtis 1868, Neohenningsia suffulta; incl. Nectria calamicola Henn. & Nyman in Warburg 1899, Neohenningsia confluens Petch 1920, Nectria musae Patouillard 1897, Nectria ornata Massee & Salmon 1902, Nectria pezizelloides Rehm 1898, Nectria setosa Ferd. & Winge 1908] RS99

Ijuhya Starbäck 1899 [incl. Lepidonectria Spegazzini 1910, Mollisia subg. Peristomialis Phillips 1887, Cyathicula subg. Peristomialis (Phillips) Saccardo 1889, Peristomialis (Phillips) Boudier 1907] RS99

Ijuhya aquifolii (Cooke & Ellis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Peziza aquifolii Cooke & Ellis 1878, Peristomialis aquifoliae (Cooke & Ellis) Rossman et al. 1993, Peziza aquifoliae, Pseudonectria aquifolii (Cooke & Ellis) Dennis 1964] RS99

Ijuhya bambusina (Sydow & Sydow) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Pseudonectria bambusina Sydow & Sydow 1917, Peristomialis bambusina (Sydow & Sydow) Rossman et al. 1993] RS99

Ijuhya chilensis (Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=*Lepidonectria chilensis Spegazzini 1910] RS99

Ijuhya corynespora (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria corynespora Samuels 1978, Peristomialis corynespora (Samuels) Samuels 1988] RS99

Ijuhya dentifera (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria dentifera Samuels 1976, Peristomialis dentifera (Samuels) Samuels 1988] RS99

Ijuhya dictyospora (Rossman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria dictyospora Rossman 1983, Peristomialis dictyospora (Rossman) Samuels 1988] RS99

Ijuhya leucocarpa (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Peristomialis leucocarpa Samuels 1988] RS99

Ijuhya paraparilis (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Peristomialis paraparilis Samuels 1988] RS99

Ijuhya parilis (Sydow) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria parilis Sydow 1930, Peristomialis parilis (Sydow) Samuels 1988] RS99

Ijuhya peristomialis (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Peziza peristomialis Berkeley & Broome 1866, Actiniopsis peristomialis (Berkeley & Broome) Petch 1938, Cyathicula (subg. *Peristomialis) peristomialis (Berkeley & Broome) Saccardo 1889, Mollisia (subg. *Peristomialis) peristomialis (Berkeley & Broome) Phillips 1887, Nectria peristomialis (Berkeley & Broome) Samuels 1976, *Peristomialis berkeleyi Boudier 1907; incl. Helotium ciliatum Crouan & Crouan 1867, Cyathicula ciliata (Crouan & Crouan) Saccardo 1889, Peristomialis ciliata (Crouan & Crouan) Boudier 1907, Ijuhya vitrea var. javanica von Höhnel 1912, Nectria tympaniformis Petrak 1950, *I. vitrea Starbäck 1899] RS99

Lasionectria sylvana (Mouton) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria sylvana Mouton 1900; incl. Calonectria fimbriata Seaver & Waterston 1940] RS99

Lasionectria vulpina (Cooke) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Peziza vulpina Cooke 1875, Dialonectria vulpina (Cooke) Cooke 1884, Nectria vulpina (Cooke) Ellis 1882, Nectriella vulpina (Cooke) Saccardo 1891; incl. Nectria incrustans Weese 1912] RS99

Mycocitrus phyllostachydis (Sydow & Sydow) Doi 1967 [=Ustilaginoidea phyllostachydis Sydow & Sydow 1900, Hypocreopsis phyllostachydis (Sydow & Sydow) Miyake & Hara 1910, *Shiraiella phyllostachydis (Sydow & Sydow) Hara 1914] RS99

Nectriella bloxamii (Berkeley & Broome) Fuckel 1877 [=Nectria bloxamii Berkeley & Broome 1854; incl. Nectria dacrymycelloides Rehm 1903, Nectriella dacrymycelloides (Rehm) von Höhnel & Weese 1910 (comb. inval.), Nectria fuscidula Rehm 1882, Nectria heraclei Crouan & Crouan 1867, Nectria umbelliferarum Crouan & Crouan 1867] RS99

Nectriella crouanii Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria aurea Crouan & Crouan 1867 non Nectriella aurea Saccardo & Spegazzini 1878] RS99

Nectriella curtisii (Berkeley) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria curtisii Berkeley 1875; incl. Nectria lacustris Kirschst. 1936, Nectriella lacustris (Kirschst.) Magnes & Hafellner 1991] RS99

Nectriella dakotensis (Seaver) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Hyponectria dakotensis Seaver 1909; incl. N. muelleri Samuels, Rogerson et al. 1984] RS99

Nectriella funicola (Berkeley & Broome) Petch 1937 [=Sphaeria funicola Berkeley & Broome 1851; incl. Nectria charticola Fuckel 1864, Nectriella charticola (Fuckel) Fuckel 1870, Nectria fibricola Plowr. in Saccardo 1880] RS99

Nectriella halonata Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Charonectria umbelliferarum von Höhnel 1903 non Nectriella umbelliferarum Crouan & Crouan 1867] RS99

Nectriella jucunda (Durieu & Montagne) Saccardo 1878 [=Sphaeria jucunda Durieu & Montagne in Durieu 1849, Hyponectria jucunda (Durieu & Montagne) Weese in Höhnel & Weese 1910, Nectria jucunda (Durieu & Montagne) Montagne 1856; incl. Nectriella cacti Ellis & Everh. 1902, Hyponectria cacti (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1909; anam. Leptodermella opuntiae] RS99

Nectriella luteola (Desmazières) Weese 1914 [=Sphaeria luteola Desmazières 1850, Calonectria luteola (Desmazières) Saccardo 1878, Charonectria luteola (Desmazières) von Höhnel 1906] RS99

Nectriella paludosa Fuckel 1870 [=Nectria paludosa (Fuckel) Saccardo 1898 non Crouan & Crouan 1876; incl. Nectria diaphana Fuckel & Nitschke in Fuckel 1870 (nom. inv.)] RS99

Nectriopsis hypocrellicola [=Nectria hypocrellicola Henn. 1901, Mycocitrus hypocrellicola (Henn.) von Höhnel 1912] RS99

Nectriopsis queletii (Karsten) Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Hyponectria queletii Karsten 1882, Nectriella queletii (Karsten) Karsten 1885] RS99

*Nectriopsis violacea (Fries) Maire 1911 [=Sphaeria violacea Fries 1823, Byssonectria violacea (Fries) Seaver 1910, Hyphonectria violacea (Fries) Petch 1937, Hypolyssus violaceus (Fries) Kuntze 1898, Hypomyces violaceus (Fries) Tulasne 1860, Nectria violacea (Fries) Fries 1849, Peckiella violacea (Fries) Saccardo 1899; anam. Acremonium fungicola (Saccardo) Samuels 1973 = Diplosporium album var. fungicola Saccardo 1886] RS99

*Ochronectria calami (Henn. & Nyman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Calonectria calami Henn. & Nyman in Warburg 1899, Nectria calami (Henn. & Nyman) Rossman 1979; incl. C. blumenaviae Henn. 1902, C. ignota Chardón 1926, C. kampalensis Hansford 1941, C. oodes Petch 1920] RS99

*Paranectria affinis (Greville) Saccardo 1878 [=Sphaeria affinis Greville 1826, Nectria affinis (Greville) Cooke 1879] RS99

Paranectria oropensis (Ces.) Hawksworth & Piroz. 1977 [=Sphaeria oropensis Ces. in Rabenhorst 1857, *Ciliomyces oropensis (Ces.) von Höhnel 1906, Nectria oropensis (l. c. – no such combination); incl. Pleonectria appendiculata Vouaux 1912, N. lichenicola Crouan & Crouan 1867, Pl. lichenicola (Crouan & Crouan) Saccardo 1879] RS99

Paranectria sclerochitonis Hansford 1946 [anam. Chionomyces sclerochitonis (Hansford) Deighton & Pirozynski 1972 =Eriomycopsis sclerochitonis Hansford 1942] DP72

Peethambara spirostriata (Rossman) Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria spirostriata Rossman 1983; anam. Didymostilbe echinofibrosa (Morris) Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 = Virgatospora echinofibrosa Morris 1967] RS99

*Peethambara sundara Subram. & Bhat 1978 [anam. Didymostilbe sundara (Subram. & Bhat) Seifert 1985 = Putagraivum sundarum Subram. & Bhat 1978] RS99

Pronectria erythrinella (Nylander) Lowen 1990 [=Sphaeria erythrinella Nylander 1859, Charonectria erythrinella Jaap 1910, Nectria erythrinella (Nylander) Tulasne & Tulasne 1865, Nectriella erythrinella (Nylander) von Höhnel & Weese 1910; incl. Nectriella kalchbrenneri Fuckel 1870] RS99

Pronectria robergei (Montagne & Desmazières) Lowen 1990 [=Nectria robergei Montagne & Desmazières 1856, Nectriella robergei (Montagne & Desmazières) Weese in von Höhnel & Weese 1910; incl. Nectriella carnea Fuckel 1870, Cryptodiscus lichenicola Ces. in Rabenhorst 1857, Calonectria lichenicola (Ces.) Rehm 1882, Nectria lichenicola (Ces.) Saccardo 1878 non Crouan & Crouan 1867, Nectriella lichenicola (Ces.) Fuckel in von Höhnel & Weese 1910, *Pronectria lichenicola (Ces.) Clements in Clements & Shear 1931, Nectria peltigerae Phillips & Plowr. 1876] RS99

Pronectria tincta (Fuckel) Lowen 1990 [=Cryptodiscus tinctus Fuckel 1867, Calonectria fuckelii (Saccardo) Rehm 1910 non (Nitschke) Saccardo 1878, Ca. tincta (Fuckel) Rehm 1910, Nectriella coccinea Fuckel 1870 non (Persoon: Fries) Fries 1849, Nectriella tincta (Fuckel) Sant. in Eriksson 1964; incl. Calonectria fuckelii f. everniae Rehm in Motouschek 1915] RS99

Protocreopsis foliicola (Berkeley & Curtis) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria foliicola Berkeley & Curtis 1869] RS99

Protocreopsis freycinetiae (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria freycinetii Samuels 1976] RS99

Protocreopsis fusigera (Berkeley & Broome) Doi 1978 [=Hypocrea fusigera Berkeley & Broome 1873; incl. H. bromeliicola Bat., Nascim. & Cif. 1957, Nectria bromeliicola (Bat., Nascim. & Cif.) Samuels 1976, Protocreopsis bromeliicola (Bat., Nascim. & Cif.) Doi 1978, N. heliconiae Müller & Dennis 1965, *P. musicola Doi 1976, N. subfalcata Henn. 1902, P. zingibericola Doi 1977] RS99

Protocreopsis javanica (von Höhnel) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=*Cryptothecium javanicum Penzig & Saccardo 1897, Calonectria javanica von Höhnel 1909; incl. P. palmicola Doi 1976] RS99

Protocreopsis pertusa (Patouillard) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pertusa Patouillard in Patouillard & Lagerheim 1895; incl. N. aemulans Rehm 1909, N. scitula Bresadola 1896, Protocreopsis scitula (Bresadola) Doi 1978] RS99

Protocreopsis pertusoides (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pertusoides Samuels 1976] RS99

Protocreopsis phormiicola (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria phormiicola Samuels 1976] RS99

Roumegueriella Spegazzini in Roumeguère & Spegazzini 1880 [incl. Lilliputia Boudier & Patouillard 1900, Lysipenicillium Brefeld 1908] RS99

Roumegueriella rufula (Berkeley & Broome) Malloch & Cain 1972 [=Chaetomium rufulum Berkeley & Broome 1873, Lilliputia rufula (Berkeley & Broome) Hughes 1951; incl. Gliocladium borysseviczii Pidopl. 1950, Cephalotheca francisci Saccardo 1898, *Lilliputia gaillardii Boudier & Patouillard 1900, Eurotium insigne Winter in Rabenhorst 1874, Li. insignis (Winter) Dennis & Wakefield 1946, *Lysipenicillium insigne Brefeld 1908, Penicillium insigne, Mycogala macrospora Jaap 1910, *Roumegueriella muricospora Spegazzini in Roumeguère & Spegazzini 1880, Gliocladium prolificum Bainier 1910] RS99

Selinia Karsten 1876 [=Hypocreopsis Winter 1875 non Karsten 1873, Seliniana Kuntze 1891, Winteria Saccardo 1878] RS99

*Selinia pulchra (Winter) Karsten 1876 [=*Hypocreopsis pulchra Winter 1873, *Seliniana pulchra (Winter) Kuntze 1891, *Winteria pulchra (Winter) Saccardo 1878] RS99

Stilbocrea gracilipes (Tulasne & Tulasne) Samuels & Seifert in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaerostilbe gracilipes Tulasne & Tulasne 1861, Nectria gracilipes (Tulasne & Tulasne) Wollenw. 1926; incl. Sp. cinerascens Hennings 1909, Allantonectria creonectrioides Chardón 1930, N. dealbata Berkeley & Broome 1873, N. hypocreoides Berkeley & Cooke 1884, Sphaerostilbe ochracea Sydow 1909 non Patouillard 1903, Sp. tetraspora Patouillard & Gaill. 1888, Sp. vanderystii Hennings in Beeli 1922; anam. Stilbella clavulata (Montagne) Seifert 1985 = Stilbum clavulatum Montagne 1842] RS99

Stilbocrea impressa (Montagne) Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Hypocrea impressa Montagne 1855, Clintoniella impressa (Montagne) Saccardo & Sydow 1902] RS99

Stilbocrea macrostoma (Berkeley & Curtis) von Höhnel 1909 [=Nectria macrostoma Berkeley & Curtis 1868, Hypocreopsis macrostoma (Berkeley & Curtis) Müller 1962; incl. Hypocrea carteri Berkeley & Broome 1883, Hypocreopsis carteri (Berkeley & Broome) Saccardo 1891, Hypocrea corticioides Berkeley & Broome 1873, Clintoniella corticioides (Berkeley & Broome) Petch 1920, *Stilbocrea dussii Patouillard 1900, Sphaerostilbe henningsii Ferd. & Winge 1908, Sp. hypocreoides Hennings 1902 non Kalchbrenner & Cooke 1880, Sp. hypocreoides Kalchbrenner & Cooke 1880, Stilbocrea hypocreoides (Kalchbrenner & Cooke) Seaver 1910, Sp. intermedia Ferd. & Winge 1908, Stilbocrea intermedia (Ferd. & Winge) Seaver 1910, Stilbocrea jenkiana Viégas 1944, Sphaerostilbe placenta Theissen 1911, Sp. variabilis Berkeley & Broome 1875, Nectria grisea Dingley 1951; anam. Stilbella aleuriata (Berkeley & Curtis) Seifert 1985 = Stilbum aleuriatum Berkeley & Curtis 1874, Botryonipha aleuriata (Berkeley & Curtis) Kuntze 1891; incl. Isaria aggregata Cooke & Massee 1890, Stilbum cinnabarinum Montagne 1837 (nom. rej.), Botryonipha cinnabarina (Montagne) Kuntze 1891, Stilbella cinnabarina (Montagne) Wollenw. 1926, Stilbum connatum Kalchbrenner & Cooke 1880, Botryonipha connata (Kalchbrenner & Cooke) Kuntze 1891, Stilbum corallinum Cooke & Massee 1891, Stilbum intermedium Saccardo & Trott. 1913, Stilbum subiculosum Patouillard 1904, Stilbum vanderystii Saccardo & Trott. 1913] RS99

Trichonectria hirta (Bloxam) Petch 1937 [=Nectria hirta Bloxam in Currey 1884, Calonectria hirta (Bloxam) Saccardo 1878, Lasionectria hirta (Bloxam) Cooke 1884, *Trichonectria aculeata Kirschst. 1907, Calonectria aculeata (Kirschst.) Weese 1914; incl. T. rosella von Höhnel 1918, C. vermispora Massee & Crossland 1904, Dialonectria vermispora (Massee & Crossland) Massee & Crossland 1905] RS99

Valsonectria boldoae Spegazzini 1910 [=Nectriovalsa boldoaea Spegazzini ms in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (n. n.)] RS99

Valsonectria lasiacidis (Samuels & Rogerson) Samuels & Rossman 1997 [=*Endocreas lasiacidis Samuels & Rogerson 1989] RS99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DP72] Deighton, F. C., & K. A. Pirozynski. 1972. Microfungi. V. More hyperparasitic hyphomycetes. Mycological Papers 128: 1-110.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.

Niessliaceae

Trichosphaerella decipiens on Ulmus, from Mycologues Associes.

Belongs within: Hypocreales.

The Niessliaceae are a family of fungi that are saprobic on leaves or wood.

Characters (from Cannon & Kirk 2007): Ascomata perithecial, superficial on or rarely immersed in a subiculum or crustose stroma, small, ± globose, sometimes collapsing when dry, pale to dark brown, often setose or ornamented, the ostiole periphysate; peridium thin, soft. Interasca1 tissue of apical paraphyses. Asci ± clavate, thin-walled, not fissitunicate, with a small refractive J- apical ring. Ascospores ± hyaline, 0- or 1-septate, sometimes fragmenting. Anamorphs hyphomycetous, Acremonium-like.

Niessliaceae
    |--Circinoniesslia EB03
    |--Cryptoniesslia EB03
    |--Hyaloseta EB03
    |--Melanopsamma EB03
    |--Melchioria EB03
    |--Niesslia EB03
    |--Paraniesslia EB03
    |--Pseudorhynchia EB03
    |--Taiwanascus EB03
    |--Valetoniella EB03
    |--Valetoniellopsis EB03
    |--Malmeomyces Starbäck 1899 EB03, RS99
    |    `--*M. pulchellus Starbäck 1899 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Miyakeomyces Hara 1913 EB03, RS99 [=Miyakeamyces (l. c.) RS99]
    |    `--*M. bambusae Hara 1913 [=Calonectria bambusae (Hara) von Höhnel 1919] RS99
    |--Myrmaeciella Lindau 1897 EB03, RS99 [=Myrmaecium Saccardo 1880 non Nitschke 1870 RS99]
    |    `--*M. endoleuca (Saccardo) Lindau 1897 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--Pseudonectriella Petrak 1959 EB03, RS99
    |    `--*P. ahmadii Petrak 1959 RS99
    `--Trichosphaerella Bommer, Rousseau & Saccardo 1891 EB03, RS99 [incl. Bresadolella von Höhnel 1903 RS99]
         `--*T. decipiens Bommer, Rousseau & Saccardo 1891 (see below for synonymy) RS99

*Malmeomyces pulchellus Starbäck 1899 [=Calonectria pulchella (Starbäck) Weese 1914, Chaetothyrium pulchellum (Starbäck) Theiss. 1913] RS99

*Myrmaeciella endoleuca (Saccardo) Lindau 1897 [=Myrmaecium endoleucum Saccardo 1880 (nom. inv.), Hypocreopsis endoleuca (Saccardo) Müller & Arx 1962] RS99

*Trichosphaerella decipiens Bommer, Rousseau & Saccardo 1891 [incl. *Bresadolella aurea von Höhnel 1903, Neorehmia aurea (von Höhnel) Munk 1957, Larseniella major Munk 1948] RS99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cannon, P. F., & P. M. Kirk. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CABI.

[EB03] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota—2003. Myconet 9: 1-89.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.

Cosmospora

Cosmospora vilior, photographed by Loengrin Umaña.

Belongs within: Fusarium.

Cosmospora is a genus of fungi found most commonly growing on other fungi and scale insects, occasionally on decaying wood (Rossman et al. 1999).

Characters (from Rossman et al. 1999): Ascomata solitary to densely gregarious, superficial, rarely immersed, non-stromatic or seated on a thin basal stroma, globose, obpyriform to broadly obpyriform, small to medium-sized, usually less than 300 µm diameter, collapsing laterally or not collapsing when dry, orange to red or dark red, rarely pale yellow, usually KOH+ darker, rarely KOH-, smooth to slightly scaly, glabrous or with few to numerous hairs arising from cells of the ascomatal wall surface; papilla of parallel hyphal elements with rounded ends. Cells of the ascomatal wall surface lacking a definite shape, often with a meandering aspect with walls of variable thickness and narrow lumina, adjacent cells joined by fine pores. Ascomatal wall thin, less than 20 µm thick, often translucent, of a single region of intertwined hyphae, rarely of two regions; cells lacking a definite shape or appearing ellipsoid. Asci cylindrical to narrowly clavate, apex simple or with a ring, sessile or short-stalked, 8-spored, ascospores generally uniseriate. Ascospores ellipsoid to ellipsoid-fusiform, rarely ovoid or cylindric, 1(–3)-septate, usually yellow-brown, also hyaline, usually spinulose to tuberculate, rarely striate or smooth. Anamorphs, where known, Acremonium-like, with colonies and microconidia similar to those of Fusarium sect. Eupionnotes, Chaetopsina, Cylindrocladiella, Stilbella, and Volutella.

Cosmospora Rabenhorst 1862 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--*C. coccinea Rabenhorst 1862 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. biasolettiana (Briosi & Farneti) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. camelliae (Shipton) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetopsinae-catenulatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetospinae-penicillatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetopsinae-polyblastiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chlorina (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--anam. Fusarium ciliatum Link 1825 RS99
    |--C. consors (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. digitalicola (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. diminuta (Berkeley) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. dingleyae Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |--C. diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. flammea (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. flavoviridis (Fuckel) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--anam. Chaetopsina fulva Rambelli 1956 RS99
    |--C. ganymede (Lowen & Minter) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. geastroides (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. glabra (Rossman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria glabra Rossman 1983] RS99
    |--C. joca (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria joca Samuels 1991] RS99
    |--C. jucundula (Saccardo & Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. kurdica (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. lasiodiplodiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. macrochaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. magnusiana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. meliopsicola (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--anam. Fusarium merismoides Corda 1838 RS99
    |--C. metepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. nothepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. obscura Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |--C. papilionacearum (Seaver) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. peponum (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. pseudepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. pseudoflavoviridis (Lowen & Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. purtonii (Greville) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. rickii (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria rickii Rehm 1904] RS99
    |--C. rishbethii (Booth) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria rishbethii Booth 1959] RS99
    |--C. rubrisetosa (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. sansevieriae (Bat., Bezerra & Almeida) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. stilbellae (Samuels & Seifert) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. stilbosporae (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. thujana (Saccardo) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectriella thujana Rehm ex Saccardo 1878] RS99
    |--C. triqua (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria triqua Samuels 1991] RS99
    |--C. tungurahuana (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. vilior (Starbäck) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. viliuscula (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. wegeliniana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    `--C. xanthostroma (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99

Cosmospora Rabenhorst 1862 [=Nectria subg. Cosmospora (Rabenhorst) Saccardo 1883; incl. Chrysogluten Briosi & Farneti 1904, Nectria subg. Dialonectria Saccardo 1883, Dialonectria (Saccardo) Cooke 1884, Stylonectria von Höhnel 1915] RS99

Cosmospora aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria aurantiicola Berkeley & Broome 1873, Corallomyces aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) von Höhnel 1912 (nom. inv.), Sphaerostilbe aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) Petch 1920; incl. Microcera aurantiicola Petch 1921; anam. Fusarium larvarum Fuckel 1870] RS99

Cosmospora biasolettiana (Briosi & Farneti) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=*Chrysogluten biasolettianum Briosi & Farneti 1904; anam. Fusarium biasolettianum Corda 1838] RS99

Cosmospora camelliae (Shipton) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Calonectria camelliae Shipton 1979; anam. Cylindrocladiella infestans Boesewinkel 1982] RS99

Cosmospora chaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chaetopsinae-catenulatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae-catenulatae Samuels 1985; anam. Chaetopsina catenulata Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chaetospinae-penicillatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae-penicillatae Samuels 1985; anam. Chaetopsina penicillata Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chaetopsinae-polyblastiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae-polyblastiae Samuels 1985; anam. Chaetopsina polyblastia Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chlorina (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chlorina Crouan & Crouan 1867, Nectriella chlorina (Crouan & Crouan) Saccardo 1878] RS99

*Cosmospora coccinea Rabenhorst 1862 [incl. Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not. 1863, Dialonectria cosmariospora (Ces. & De Not.) Moravec 1954; anam. Verticillium olivaceum Gams 1971] RS99

Cosmospora consors (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Dialonectria consors Ellis & Everh. 1888, Nectria consors (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1909, Nectriella consors (Ellis & Everh.) Saccardo 1891; incl. Nectria ignia von Höhnel 1909; anam. Volutella minima von Höhnel 1909] RS99

Cosmospora digitalicola (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria digitalicola Crouan & Crouan 1867, Nectriella digitalicola (Crouan & Crouan) Saccardo 1878] RS99

Cosmospora diminuta (Berkeley) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria diploa var. diminuta Berkeley 1875, Nectria diminuta (Berkeley) Saccardo 1883; incl. Dialonectria gigaspora Cooke & Massee in Cooke 1888, Nectriella gigaspora (Cooke & Massee) Saccardo 1891, Pseudonectria gigaspora (Cooke & Massee) Petch 1920] RS99

Cosmospora diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria diploa Berkeley & Curtis 1869, Calonectria diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Wollenw. 1926, Creonectria diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Seaver 1909; incl. Nectria coccophila Nomura 1901; anam. Fusarium coccidicola Henn. 1904 incl. Aschersonia henningsii Koorders 1907, Pseudomicrocera henningsii (Koorders) Petch 1921, Fusarium juruanum Henn. 1904] RS99

Cosmospora episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaeria episphaeria Tode 1791: Fries 1823, *Dialonectria episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Cooke 1884, Nectria episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Fries 1849; anam. Fusarium aquaeductuum var. medium Wollenw. 1931] RS99

Cosmospora flammea (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaerostilbe flammea Tulasne & Tulasne 1865, Nectria flammea (Tulasne & Tulasne) Dingley 1951; incl. N. aglaothele Berkeley & Curtis 1875, Corallomyces brachysporus Penzig & Saccardo 1901 (nom. inv.), N. laeticolor Berkeley & Curtis 1868, Cor. laeticolor (Berkeley & Curtis) von Höhnel 1912 (nom. inv.), N. passeriniana Cooke 1884, N. subcoccinea Saccardo & Ellis 1881; anam. Fusarium coccophilum (Desmazières) Wollenw. & Reink. 1935] RS99

Cosmospora flavoviridis (Fuckel) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaerostilbe flavoviridis Fuckel 1870; anam. Fusarium melanochlorum (Caspary) Saccardo 1886 = Fusisporium melanochlorum Caspary 1855] RS99

Cosmospora ganymede (Lowen & Minter) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria ganymede Lowen & Minter 1987] RS99

Cosmospora geastroides (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria geastroides Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora jucundula (Saccardo & Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectriella jucundula Saccardo & Spegazzini 1878] RS99

Cosmospora kurdica (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Calonectria kurdica Petrak 1959, Nectria kurdica (Petrak) Rossman 1983; anam. Fusarium kurdicum Petrak 1959 incl. Stagonopsis sclerotioides von Höhnel 1905, Botryocrea sclerotioides (von Höhnel) Petrak 1949, Fusarium sclerotioides (von Höhnel) Samuels & Rossman 1991 non Sherb. 1951] RS99

Cosmospora lasiodiplodiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria lasiodiplodiae Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria leptosphaeriae Nießl 1886, Hypomyces leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Wollenw. 1917, Lasionectria leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Petch 1938; incl. Nectria leptosphaeriae var. macrospora Wollenw. 1926; anam. Fusarium sphaeriae Fuckel 1870] RS99

Cosmospora macrochaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria macrochaetopsinae Samuels in Samuels, Doi & Rogerson 1990] RS99

Cosmospora magnusiana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria magnusiana Rehm 1878; anam. Fusarium epistromum (von Höhnel) Booth 1971 = Dendrodochium epistromum von Höhnel 1909] RS99

Cosmospora meliopsicola (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria meliopsicola Henn. in Engler 1895] RS99

Cosmospora metepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria metepisphaeria Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora nothepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria nothepisphaeria Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora papilionacearum (Seaver) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria papilionacearum Seaver 1909] RS99

Cosmospora peponum (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria peponum Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley 1875; incl. N. peponum var. aurelia Berkeley 1874, N. brassicae Ellis & Saccardo in Saccardo 1881, Dialonectria brassicae (Ellis & Saccardo) Cooke 1884] RS99

Cosmospora pseudepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pseudepisphaeria Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora pseudoflavoviridis (Lowen & Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pseudoflavoviridis Lowen & Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora purtonii (Greville) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaeria purtonii Greville 1828, Cucurbitaria purtonii (Greville) Kuntze 1898, Nectria purtonii (Greville) Berkeley 1860; incl. N. applanata Fuckel 1871, Dialonectria applanata (Fuckel) Petch 1941, *Stylonectria applanata, N. episphaeria var. coronata Wollenw. 1931, N. microspora Cooke & Ellis 1876, N. moschata Gluck 1895; anam. Fusarium aquaeductuum (Radlk. & Rabenhorst) Lagerheim 1891 var. aquaeductuum = Selenosporium aquaeductuum Radlk. & Rabenhorst 1873] RS99

Cosmospora rubrisetosa (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria rubrisetosa Samuels in Samuels, Doi & Rogerson 1990, Dialonectria episphaeria var. verruculosa Cooke 1884 non Nectria verruculosa (Nießl) Penzig 1882] RS99

Cosmospora sansevieriae (Bat., Bezerra & Almeida) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Macbridella sansevieriae Bat., Bezerra & Almeida 1964, Nectria sansevieriae (Bat., Bezerra & Almeida) Samuels 1973] RS99

Cosmospora stilbellae (Samuels & Seifert) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria stilbellae Samuels & Seifert 1991; anam. Stilbella aciculosa (Ellis & Everh.) Seifert 1985 = Stilbum aciculosum Ellis & Everh. 1885, Botryonipha aciculosa (Ellis & Everh.) Kuntze 1891; incl. Stilbella bulbicola Henn. 1905, Stilbum bulbicola (Henn.) Litv. 1967, Stilbum citrinellum Cooke & Massee 1887, Stilbella flavescens Estey 1977, Stilbum pallidulum Penzig & Saccardo 1901] RS99

Cosmospora stilbosporae (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria stilbosporae Tulasne & Tulasne 1865; anam. Fusarium expansum Schlechtendal 1824] RS99

Cosmospora tungurahuana (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria tungurahuana Petrak 1948] RS99

Cosmospora vilior (Starbäck) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria vilior Starbäck 1899; incl. N. episphaeria var. kretzschmariae Henn. 1891, N. kretzschmariae (Henn.) Weese 1916, N. stigme Rehm 1904, N. ustulinae Teng 1934, N. viridescens Booth 1959; anam. Acremonium berkeleyanum (Karsten) Gams 1982 = Verticillium berkeleyanum Karsten 1891; incl. Tilachlidium butyri van Beyma 1938, Acremonium butyri (van Beyma) Gams 1971] RS99

Cosmospora viliuscula (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria viliuscula Samuels in Samuels, Doi & Rogerson 1990] RS99

Cosmospora wegeliniana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria episphaeria var. wegeliniana Rehm 1891, Dialonectria wegeliana (Rehm) Petch 1983] RS99

Cosmospora xanthostroma (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria xanthostroma Penzig & Saccardo 1897] RS99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.