Duplicaria

Duplicaria duplicata, copyright Natural History Museum Rotterdam.

Belongs within: Terebridae.

Duplicaria is a genus of auger shells in which spiral sculpture is absent or very weak, and a subsutural groove is present cutting through the axial ribs.

Duplicaria Dall 1908 (see below for synonymy) BK11
    |--D. addita Deshayes 1859 WG71
    |--D. australis (Smith 1873) WG71
    |--D. baileyi Bratcher & Cernohorsky 1982 BC01
    |--‘Terebra’ benesulcata Bartrum 1919 [=Pervicacia benesulcata] F27a
    |--D. bernardi Deshayes 1857 WG71
    |--D. crakei Burch 1965 WG71
    |--D. duplicata Linnaeus 1758 WG71
    |--D. dussumierii ZLK11
    |--D. evoluta Deshayes 1859 WG71
    |--‘Pervicacia’ flexicostata (Suter 1909) P61
    |--‘Pervicacia’ mariae Powell 1940 P61
    |--‘Terebra’ omahuensis Marwick 1926 [=Pervicacia omahuensis] F27a
    |--‘Terebra’ tristis Deshayes 1859 F27a, P61 (see below for synonymy)
    `--‘Terebra’ ustulata Deshayes 1857 [=*Pervicacia ustulata] BR17

Duplicaria Dall 1908 non Fuckel 1870 (ICBN) [incl. Diplomeriza Dall 1919, Myurellisca Bartsch 1923, Pervicacia Iredale 1924] BK11

‘Terebra’ tristis Deshayes 1859 F27a, P61 [=Pervicacia tristis P61; incl. T. costata Hutton 1885 nec Borson 1823 nec Lea 1833 F27b]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

[ZLK11] Zou, S., Q. Li & L. Kong. 2011. Additional gene data and increased sampling give new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Neogastropoda, within the caenogastropod phylogenetic framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 425–435.

Taranis

Taranis mayi, from Verco (1909).

Belongs within: Raphitomidae.

Taranis is a genus of deep-water conoids with members lacking an operculum or radula (Bouchet & Waren 1980).

Characters (from Powell 1966): Shell very small, 2.5-6 mm, ovate-biconic, predominantly medially angulate and splrally keeled, usually crossed by lamellate axials, producing a fenestrate sculptural pattern. Protoconch paucispiral, of barely two whorls, papillate to slightly globose, superficially smooth, but with a microscopic sculpture of closely spaced stippled spiral lirae. Sinus shallow, its apex at the peripheral angle or major keel, and with unequal angles of approach, being steep and straight above, but protractively arcuate below. Pillar abruptly twisted at beginning of a short shallowly notched anterior canal. No colour pattern, white or translucent. Operculum absent.

<==Taranis Jeffreys 1870 BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*T. moerchii (Malm 1861) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |--T. allo (Jousseaume in Lamy 1934) [=*Allo allo, *Feliciella jousseaumei Lamy 1934] P66
    |--T. benthicola (Dell 1956) [=Fenestrosyrinx benthicola] P66
    |--T. bicarinata (Suter 1915) P66 (see below for synonymy)
    |--T. borealis Bouchet & Waren 1980 (see below for synonymy) BW80
    |--T. gratiosa (Suter 1908) P66 [=Bathytoma gratiosa P66, Fenestrosyrinx gratiosa P61]
    |--T. imporcata (Dell 1962) [=Fenestrosyrinx imporcata] P66
    |--T. laevisculpta Monterosato 1880 [=Pleurotoma morchii var. laevisculpta Monterosato 1875 (n. n.)] BW80
    |--T. malmi (Dall 1889) (see below for synonymy) BW80
    |--T. mayi (Verco 1909) P66 [=Hemipleurotoma mayi P66, Asperdaphne mayi H22, Daphnella mayi H22]
    |--T. nexilis (Hutton 1885) P66 [=Clathurella nexilis P66, Fenestrosyrinx nexilis P61]
    |    |--T. n. nexilis P66
    |    `--T. n. recens (Fleming 1948) [=Fenestrosyrinx nexilis recens] P66
    |--T. panope Dall 1919 D19
    |--T. spirulata (Dell 1962) [=Fenestrosyrinx spirulata] P66
    |--T. strongi Arnold 1903 O27
    |--T. turritispira (Smith 1882) [=Pleurotoma (Taranis) turritispira] P66
    `--T. zeuxippe Dall 1919 D19

Taranis Jeffreys 1870 BR17 [incl. Allo Lamy 1934 BK11, Feliciella Lamy 1934 BK11, Fenestrosyrinx Finlay 1926 BK11; Taraninae, Taranini]

Taranis bicarinata (Suter 1915) P66 [=Turris nexilis bicarinatus P66, *Fenestrosyrinx nexilis bicarinata P61; incl. Leucosyrinx thomsoni F27]

Taranis borealis Bouchet & Waren 1980 [incl. Pleurotoma parvulum Jeffreys in Locard 1897 non P. parvula Reeve 1845] BW80

Taranis malmi (Dall 1889) [=Pleurotomella (Gymnobela) tornata var. malmii; incl. Pleurotoma pycnoides Dautzenberg & Fischer 1896, Azorilla pycnoides] BW80

*Taranis moerchii (Malm 1861) BR17 [=Trophon moerchii BR17, Mangelia moerchi N79, Pleurotoma moerchi N79; incl. Ta. alexandrina Sturany 1896 BW80, Pleurotoma cirratum Brugnone 1862 non P. cirrata Bellardi 1848 BW80, Ta. cirrata var. curta Locard 1897 BW80, Ta. cirrata var. minor Locard 1897 BW80, Ta. cirrata var. simplex Locard 1897 BW80, Ta. cirrata var. spinulosa Locard 1897 BW80, Ta. cirrata var. tenuis Locard 1897 BW80, Ta. morchii var. tornatus Verrill 1884 BW80]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BW80] Bouchet, P., & A. Waren. 1980. Revision of the north-east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies Supplement 8: 1–119.

[D19] Dall, W. H. 1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidae from the west coast of America and adjacent regions. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56 (2288): 1–86, pls 1–24.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H22] Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13 (6): 213–359, pls 42–56.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America, vol. 2 pt 1. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

Carinodrillia

Carinodrillia buccooensis, from the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle.

Belongs within: Pseudomelatomidae.

Carinodrillia is a genus of moderate-sized conoid gastropods known from the southwest coast of North America, as well as the Miocene of the Caribbean (Powell 1966).

Characters (from Powell 1966): Shell of moderate size, 14–35 mm, fusiform, with a tall spire of rather sagged turreted whorls, and a short body—whorl, rather quickly contracted to a moderately long to rather short slightly flexed weakly notched anterior canal. Protoconch of two depressed subcarinate smooth whorls. Adult sculpture of axial folds, spiral cords and threads; in the peripheral area, one or more of the overriding heavier spirals fuse over the axials to form low keels. Aperture narrow, with a thin outer lip, interrupted above by a deep narrow U-shaped sinus, restricted above by a moderate parietal callosity, at the termination of a prominent smooth subsutural fold. Colour uniformly whitish to brownish. Radula, a pair of simple slender curved non-barbed marginals.

<==Carinodrillia Dall 1919 P66
    |--*C. halis (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia (*Carinodrillia) halis] P66
    |    |--C. h. halis P66
    |    `--C. h. soror (Pilsbry & Lowe 1932) [=Clathrodrillia soror] P66
    |--C. adonis Pilsbry & Lowe 1932 P66
    |--C. alcestis (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia (Carinodrillia) alcestis] P66
    |--C. bocatoroensis (Olsson 1922) [=Drillia bocatoroensis] P66
    |--C. braziliensis (Smith 1915) S11
    |--C. buccooensis Usticke 1971 BC01
    |--C. cymatoides Gardner 1937 P66
    |--C. dichroa Pilsbry & Lowe 1932 O66
    |--C. duplicata (Sowerby 1834) P66 [=Pleurotoma duplicata P66, Turricula (Knefastia) duplicata D19]
    |--C. elocata (Pilsbry & Johnson 1917) [=Drillia elocata] P66
    |    |--C. e. elocata P66
    |    `--C. e. meta Woodring 1928 P66
    |--C. fermori Dey 1962 P66
    |--C. fusiformis (Gabb 1873) [=Defrancia fusiformis] P66
    |--C. haliplexa (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia (C.) haliplexa] P66
    |--C. jaculum Pilsbry & Lowe 1932 P66
    |--C. papaya (Olsson 1922) [=Drillia papaya] P66
    |--C. propefusiformis (Mansfield 1925) [=Drillia propefusiformis] P66
    |--C. thestia (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia (C.) thestia] P66
    `--C. winchesterae (Pilsbry 1922) [=Drillia winchesterae] P66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[D19] Dall, W. H. 1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidae from the west coast of America and adjacent regions. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56: 1–86, pls 81–24.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

Mangelia

Mangelia costulata, from the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle.

Belongs within: Mangeliidae.

Mangelia is a genus of small conoids found in the northeastern Atlantic. They have an ovate to fusiform shell, strongly sculptured with rounded axials (Powell 1966).

<==Mangelia Risso 1826 BK11 (see below for synonymy)
    |--M. attenuata (Montagu 1803) (see below for synonymy) P66
    |--‘Cytharella’ aculea Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. acuticostata C64
    |--M. aleutica Dall 1871 O27
    |--M. althorpi Dall 1919 O27
    |--‘Cytharella’ amatula Dall 1919 P66
    |--‘Mangiliella’ barashi Aartsen & Fehr-de Wal 1978 O96
    |--M. barbarensis Oldroyd 1924 [=M. angulata Carpenter 1865 non Reeve 1846] O27
    |--M. bascauda H22
    |--‘Pleurotoma’ bertrandii Payraudeau 1826 [=Cytharella bertrandii, *Rissomangilia bertrandii] P66
    |--M. brachystoma (Philippi 1844) S11
    |--‘Cytharella’ branneri O27
    |--M. burdigalica Peyrot 1932 [=Mangilia (Mangiliella) burdigalica] P66
    |--M. carlottae Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. cerea C64
    |--M. cesta Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. cetolaca O27
    |--M. constricta (Gabb 1865) [=Clathurella constricta] O27
    |--‘Murex’ costatus Donovan 1803 [=*Cytharella costatus] P66
    |--M. costulata (Blainville 1826) O96
    |--M. dejanira Dall 1919 D19
    |--M. deshayesii Dunker 1860 K92
    |--M. digressa Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1999 BC01
    |--‘Mangilia’ diotula H22
    |--M. eriopis Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. eriphyle Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. eurybia Dall 1919 D19
    |--M. evadne Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. exquisita Smith 1882 H09
    |--M. goodalli Reeve 1846 H09 [=Cythara goodalli H22]
    |--M. granitica Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. hamata Carpenter 1865 D19
    |--M. harrisoni Tennison Woods 1877 P79
    |--M. hermione Dall 1919 D19
    |--M. hexagona (Gabb 1865) [=Cytharella hexagona] O27
    |--‘Cytharella’ hiradoensis Makiyama 1927 P66
    |--M. inusitata Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1999 BC01
    |--M. labratula Cossmann 1889 [=Mangilia labratula, Cytharella labratula] P66
    |--M. languida (Reeve 1845) H09 [=Pleurotoma languida H09, Clathurella languida H22]
    |--M. laodice Dall 1919 D19
    |--M. lepidus Peyrot 1938 [=Mangilia (Mangiliella) lepidus] P66
    |--‘Cythara’ limata Olssom 1922 [=Cytharella limata] P66
    |--M. lineorosata Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1999 BC01
    |--‘Cytharella’ louisa Dall 1919 D19
    |--M. maculata Reeve 1846 H09 [=Cythara maculata H22]
    |--M. marcellinae Hornung 1920 [=Mangilia (Mangiliella) marcellinae] P66
    |--‘Cytharella’ merita Hinds 1843 O27
    |--‘Buccinum’ mitrula Sowerby 1822 [=Cytharella mitrula] P66
    |--‘Pleurotoma’ multilineolata Deshayes 1833 [=*Mangiliella multilineolata] P66
    |--M. nebula L64
    |--M. newcombei Dall 1919 P66 [=Mangilia (Kurtzilla) newcombei O27]
    |--M. nunivakensis Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. nuperrima (Tiberi 1855) (see below for synonymy) BW80
    |--M. oenoa Dall 1919 O27
    |--M. paciniana (Calcara 1839) O96
    |--M. painei Arnold 1903 D19
    |--‘Mangiliella’ pallaryi (Nordsieck 1977) O96
    |--M. patagoniensis Dall 1919 D19
    |--M. perattenuata Dall 1905 O27
    |--M. philodice Dall 1919 O27
    |--‘Pleurotoma’ plicata Lamarck 1804 [=Mangiliella plicata] P66
    |--M. powisiana (Dautzenberg 1887) BK11
    |--M. pulchrior Dall 1919 [=M. nitens Carpenter 1865 (preoc.)] O27
    |--M. rugulosa (Philippi 1844) O96 [=Cytharella rugulosum P66]
    |--M. salinensis Degrange-Touzin 1894 [=Mangilia salinensis, Mangiliella salinensis] P66
    |--‘Mangiliella’ sandrii (Brusina 1865) O96
    |--M. scabrida (Monterosato 1890) O96
    |--M. sculpturata Dall 1886 O27
    |--‘Mangiliella’ secreta Aartsen & Fehr-de Wal 1978 O96
    |--‘Pleurotoma’ semicostulata Deshayes 1865 [=Mangiliella semicostulata] P66
    |--M. serga (Dall 1881) (see below for synonymy) BW80
    |--M. simplex C64
    |--M. simplicior Peyrot 1938 [=Mangelia turonensis simplicior, Cytharella simplicior] P66
    |--‘Pleurotoma’ smithii Forbes 1840 [=Cytharella smithii] P66
    |--M. sulcata C64
    |--‘Pleurotoma’ taeniata Deshayes 1833 [=Mangiliella (*Lyromangelia) taeniata] P66
    |--‘Cytharella’ tenuifilosa Cox 1927 P66
    |--M. turonensis Peyrot 1938 [=Mangelia (Cytharella) turonensis] P66
    |--M. variegata Carpenter 1864 C64
    |--‘Cytharella’ victoriana Dall 1897 O27
    `--M. violacea J64

Mangelia Risso 1826 BK11 [=Mangilia Lovén 1846 BR05; incl. Cyrtocythara Nordsieck 1977 BK11, Cytharella Monterosato 1875 BK11, Citharella (l. c.) P66, Cyharella (l. c.) P66, Lyromangelia Nordsieck 1977 BK11, Mangiliella Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus 1883 BK11, Rissomangelia Monterosato 1917 BK11, Rugocythara Nordsieck 1977 BK11, Villiersia Monterosato 1884 non d’Orbigny 1837 P66, Vielliersia (l. c.) P66, Villiersiella Monterosato 1884 BK11]

Mangelia attenuata (Montagu 1803) [=Murex attenuatus, *Vielliersia (l. c.) attenuata, *Villiersiella attenuata; incl. *Mangelia striolata Risso 1826, Pleurotoma villiersii Michaud 1829] P66

Mangelia nuperrima (Tiberi 1855) [=P. nuperrimum; incl. Raphitoma nuperrima var. corallinoides Sturany 1896, P. decussatum Philippi 1844 non Couthouy 1839, P. lyciaca Forbes 1843 (n. n.), Raphitoma peregrinator Locard 1897, R. nuperrima var. pseudacanthodes Sturany 1896, R. reconditum Locard 1892] BW80

Mangelia serga (Dall 1881) [=Pleurotoma (Drillia) serga; incl. P. (Mangilia) acanthodes Watson 1881, P. (M.) corallina Watson 1881, Mangilia serga var. elongata non Mangelia elongata Gabb 1873, Acmaturris vatovai Nordsieck 1971] BW80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BW80] Bouchet, P., & A. Waren. 1980. Revision of the north-east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies Supplement 8: 1–119.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[D19] Dall, W. H. 1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidae from the west coast of America and adjacent regions. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56: 1–86, pls 81–24.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[H22] Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13 (6): 213–359, pls 42–56.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. The Upper Tertiary fossils at Uddevalla, in Sweden. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 73–79.

[K92] Kilburn, R. N. 1992. Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 6. Subfamily Mangeliinae, section 1. Annals of the Natal Museum 33 (2): 461–575.

[L64] Leckenby, J. 1864. Abstract of the report of a three-weeks' dredging-cruise off Scarborough. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 105.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 1. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[O96] Oliverio, M. 1996. Contrasting developmental strategies and speciation in N.E. Atlantic prosobranchs: a preliminary analysis. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 261–266. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[P79] Petterd, W. F. 1879. List of the freshwater shells of Tasmania. Journal of Conchology 2: 80–88.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

Hastula

Hastula strigilata, photographed by Jan Delsing.

Belongs within: Terebridae.

Hastula is a genus of auger shells in which the feeding apparatus includes a long and eversible labial tube, a relatively large buccal cavity, and a long and retractile buccal tube, together with a poison gland and bulb and a radular sac containing two rows of harpoon-like teeth (Auffenberg & Lee 1988).

Hastula Adams & Adams 1853 [incl. Acuminia Dall 1908, Egentelaria Rehder 1980, Hastulina Oyama 1961] BK11
    |--H. aciculina (Lamarck 1822) AL88
    |--H. alboflava Bratcher 1988 BC01
    |--H. albula Menke 1843 BW09
    |--‘Terebra’ bicorona Hutton 1885 [=Acuminia bicorona] F27
    |--‘Terebra’ biplex Hutton 1885 [=Acuminia biplex] F27
    |--H. brazieri Angas 1871 [=Acuminia brazieri] WG71
    |--H. cinerea (Born 1780) BD12
    |--H. colorata Bratcher 1988 BC01
    |--H. hastata (Gmelin 1791) S11
    |--H. inconstans (Hinds 1844) AL88
    |--H. lanceata (Linnaeus 1767) [=*Acuminia lanceata] WG71
    |--H. lauta Pease 1869 WG71
    |--H. nitida Hinds 1844 WG71
    |--‘Terebra’ orycta Suter 1913 [=Acuminia orycta] F27
    |--‘Terebra’ pareoraensis (Suter 1917) [=Acuminia pareoraensis] F27
    |--H. (Terebrellina) plicatula (Lamarck 1805) TTE93
    |--H. rufopunctata Smith 1877 WG71
    |--H. salleana (Deshayes 1859) AL88
    |--H. strigilata Linnaeus 1758 WG71
    |--‘Terebra’ sulcata Marshall 1919 [=Acuminia sulcata] F27
    `--‘Acuminia’ venosa [incl. Terebra flexicostata] F27

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AL88] Auffenberg, K., & H. G. Lee. 1988. A new species of intertidal Terebra from Brazil. Nautilus 102 (4): 154–158.

[BD12] Bandel, K., & D. T. Dockery III. 2012. Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. Freiberger Forschungshefte C542 (psf 20): 93–128.

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

Pseudomelatomidae

Leucosyrinx subgrundifera, copyright Worldwide Conchology.

Belongs within: Conoidea.
Contains: Antiplanes, Epideira, Megasurcula, Austrotoma, Compsodrillia, Lioglyphostoma, Comitas, Knefastia, Pseudomelatoma, Carinodrillia, Inquisitor, Crassispira (Crassispira).

The Pseudomelatomidae is a diverse group of conoid gastropods, usually with well developed spiral and axial sculpture (Bouchet et al. 2011).

Characters (from Bouchet et al. 2011): Shell small to rather large, 15–100 mm high, claviform to fusiform. Spiral and axial sculpture generally well developed, often strong. Subsutural fold often present. Anal sinus on subsutural ramp, usually moderately deep to very deep, often constrained by callus rendering anal sinus subtubular. Protoconch usually paucispiral, sometimes multispiral, with up to three whorls, smooth or sometimes axially or spirally sculptured on later whorls. Operculum with terminal nucleus. Radula very variable; radular formula 1-(1-R-1)-1, 1-1-0-1-1, 1-0-R-0-1 or 1-0-0-0-1.

<==Pseudomelatomidae [Crassispirinae, Pseudomelatominae, Zonulispirinae] PK11
    |--Leucosyrinx Dall 1889 PK11, P66
    |    |--*L. verrilli (Dall 1881) (see below for synonymy) BW80
    |    |--L. amycus Dall 1919 O27
    |    |--L. caecilia Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. elsa Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. erna Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. falklandica Powell 1951 P66
    |    |--L. galapagana Dall 1919 D19
    |    |--L. iwaensis MacNeil 1960 P66
    |    |--L. julia Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. kincaidi Dall 1919 O27
    |    |--L. macrobertsoni Powell 1958 P66
    |    |--L. mawsoni Powell 1958 P66
    |    |--L. paragenota Powell 1951 P66
    |    |--L. pikei (Dell 1963) [=Waitara pikei] P66
    |    |--L. sansibarica Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. subgrundifera (Dall 1888) [=Pleurotoma subgrundifera] P66
    |    |--L. suratensis (Thiele 1925) [=Surcula suratensis] P66
    |    `--L. tenoceras Dall 1889 P66
    `--+--+--Comitas PK11
       |  `--Knefastia PK11
       `--+--+--Pseudomelatoma PK1
          |  `--Tiariturris Berry 1958 PK11, BK11
          |       `--*T. spectabilis Berry 1958 P66
          `--+--Otitoma Jousseaume 1898 PK11, BK11 [incl. Thelecytharella Shuto 1969 BK11]
             |    `--*O. ottitoma Jousseaume 1898 [=Raphitoma ottitoma] P66
             `--+--Carinodrillia PK11
                |--+--Pyrgospira McLean 1971 PK11, BK11
                |  |    |--P. aenone (Dall 1919) BK11
                |  |    `--P. obeliscus (Reeve 1843) PP78
                |  `--+--Zonulispira Bartsch 1950 PK11, BK11
                |     |    |--*Z. zonulata (Reeve 1843) [=Pleurotoma zonulata, Crassispira (*Zonulispira) zonulata] P66
                |     |    |--Z. chrysochildosa Shasky 1971 BC01
                |     |    `--Z. reigeni Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (Zonulispira) reigeni] P66
                |     `--Pilsbryspira McLean 1971 PK11, BK11
                |          |  i. s.: P. albomaculata (Orbigny 1842) S11
                |          |         P. garciacubasi Shasky 1971 BC01
                |          |         P. jayana (Adams 1850) PK11
                |          |         P. leucocyma (Dall 1883) M75 (see below for synonymy)
                |          |--*P. (Pilsbryspira) pilsbryi Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (*P.) pilsbryi] P66
                |          `--P. (Nymphispira McLean 1971) BK11
                `--+--Hindsiclava Hertlein & Strong 1955 [incl. Turrigemma Berry 1958] BK11
                   |    |--*H. militaris (Hinds 1843) [=Clavatula militaris] P66
                   |    |--H. alesidota (Dall 1889) BK11
                   |    |--H. andromeda (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia andromeda] P66
                   |    |--H. dotella (Hinds 1843) [=Turris (Surcula) dotella] P66
                   |    |--H. hertleini Emerson & Radwin 1969 BC01
                   |    `--‘*Turrigemma’ torquifer Berry 1958 P66
                   `--+--+--Cheungbeia Taylor & Wells 1994 PK11, BK11
                      |  |    `--C. robusta (Hinds 1839) BK11
                      |  `--Funa Kilburn 1988 PK11, BK11
                      |       `--F. incerta (Smith 1877) BK11
                      `--+--Inquisitor PK11
                         `--+--Ptychobela Thiele 1925 BK11 (see below for synonymy)
                            |    |--*P. crenularis (Lamarck 1816) (see below for synonymy) P66
                            |    |--P. flavidula (Lamarck 1822) MG-H11 (see below for synonymy)
                            |    |--‘Pleurotoma’ stromboides Sowerby 1832 (n. d.) (see below for synonymy) P66
                            |    |--‘Pleurotoma’ sumatrensis Petit 1852 [=Brachytoma sumatrensis] P66
                            |    `--P. suturalis (Gray 1838) BK11
                            `--Crassispira Swainson 1840 PK11, BK11
                                 |  i. s.: C. funebralis Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. monilecosta Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. oliva Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. pini Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. quadrilirata (Smith 1882) BK11
                                 |         C. sacerdotalis Rolán & Fernandes 1992 BC01
                                 |--C. (Crassispira) P66
                                 `--C. (Crassispirella Bartsch & Rehder 1939) P66
                                      |--C. (*C.) rugitecta (Dall 1918) P66 [=Turris (Crassispira) rugitecta D19]
                                      |--C. (C.) ebenina (Dall 1890) [=Drillia ebenina] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) fuscescens (Reeve 1843) [=Pleurotoma fuscescens] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) hadromeres (Melvill 1927) [=Melatoma hadromeres] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) nigrescens (Adams 1845) [=Pleurotoma nigrescens] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) sanibelensis Bartsch & Rehder 1939 P66
                                      `--C. (C.) tampaensis Bartsch & Rehder 1939 P66

Pseudomelatomidae incertae sedis:
  Antiplanes BK11
  Epideira BK11
  Megasurcula BK11
  Naudedrillia Kilburn 1988 BK11
  Abyssocomitas Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
  Aguilaria Taylor & Wells 1994 BK11
  Austrotoma BK11
  Calcatodrilla Dall 1919 BK11
  Compsodrillia BK11
  Cretaspira Kuroda & Oyama in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama 1971 BK11
  Gibbaspira McLean 1971 BK11
  Glossispira McLean 1971 BK11
  Kurodadrillia Azuma 1975 BK11
  Lioglyphostoma BK11
  Lioglyphostomella Shuto 1970 BK11
  Megittia Ray 1977 BK11
  Pseudotaranis McLean 1995 BK11
  Crassiclava McLean 1971 BK11
    `--C. turricula (Sowerby 1834) BK11
  Conorbela Powell 1951 BK11
    `--*C. antarctica (Strebel 1908) [=Bela antarctica] P66
  Plicisyrinx Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
    `--P. vitjazi Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
  Maesiella McLean 1971 BK11
    `--M. maesae McLean & Poorman 1971 BK11
  Kurilohadalia Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
    `--K. elongata Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
  Anticomitas Powell 1942 BK11
    `--*A. vivens Powell 1942 P66
  Benthodaphne Oyama 1962 BK11
    `--*B. glabra (Yokoyama 1920) [=Pleurotoma (Bela) glabra] P66
  Conticosta Laseron 1954 BK11
    `--*C. petilinus (Hedley 1922) [=Inquisitor petilinus] P66
  Doxospira McLean 1971 BK11
    `--D. hertleini Shasky 1971 BC01
  Hormospira Berry 1958 BK11
    |--*H. maculosa (Sowerby 1834) [=Pleurotoma maculosa] P66
    `--H. libya (Dall 1919) [=Turricula libya] P66
  Burchia Bartsch 1944 BK11
    |--*B. redondoensis (Burch 1938) (see below for synonymy) P66
    `--B. clionella (Dall 1908) [=Leucosyrinx clionella, Crassispira (Burchia) clionella] P66
  Buridrillia Olsson 1942 BK11
    |--*B. panarica (Olsson 1942) [=Clathrodrillia (*Buridrillia) panarica] P66
    `--B. deroyorum Emerson & McLean 1992 BC01
  Carinoturris Bartsch 1944 BK11
    |--*C. adrastia (Dall 1919) [=Cryptogemma adrastia] P66
    |--C. fortis Bartsch 1944 P66
    `--C. polycaste (Dall 1919) [=Cryptogemma polycaste] P66
  Dallspira Bartsch 1950 BK11
    |--*D. dalli Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (*Dallspira) dalli] P66
    |--D. bifurca (Smith 1888) [=Crassispira (Dallspira) bifurca] PP78
    |--D. lowei Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (Dallspira) lowei] P66
    `--D. martiae (McLean & Poorman 1971) [=Crassispira (Dallspira) martiae] BC01
  Rhodopetoma Bartsch 1944 BK11
    |--*R. rhodope (Dall 1919) [=Borsonella rhodope] P66
    |--R. akkeshiensis Habe 1958 P66
    |--R. amycus (Dall 1919) [=Antiplanes amycus] P66
    `--‘Pleurotoma (Clavatula)’ erosa Schrenck 1867 P66
  Viridrillia Bartsch 1943 [incl. Viridrillina Bartsch 1943] BK11
    |--*V. williami Bartsch 1943 P66
    |--V. bahamensis Bartsch 1943 P66
    |--V. cervina Bartsch 1943 P66
    `--V. hendersoni Bartsch 1943 [=V. (*Viridrillina) hendersoni] P66
  Miraclathurella Woodring 1928 BK11
    |--*M. vittata Woodring 1928 [=Euclathurella (*Miraclathurella) vittata] P66
    |--M. amica (Pilsbry & Johnson 1917) [=Clathurella amica, Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) amica] P66
    |--M. entemna Woodring 1928 [=Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) entemna] P66
    |--M. gracilis (Gabb 1873) [=Defrancia gracilis, Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) gracilis] P66
    `--M. subconsors (Bose 1910) (see below for synonymy) P66
  Striospira Bartch 1950 BK11
    |--*S. lucasensis (Bartsch 1950) [=Crassispira (*Striospira) lucasensis] P66
    |--S. cortezi Shasky & Campbell 1964 [=Crassispira (Striospira) cortezi] P66
    |--S. luctuosa (Hinds 1843) [=Pleurotoma luctuosa, Crassispira (Striospira) luctuosa] P66
    |--S. tabogaensis Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (Striospira) tabogaensis] P66
    `--S. unicolor (Sowerby 1834) [=Pleurotoma unicolor, Crassispira (Striospira) unicolor] P66
  Monilispira Bartsch & Rehder 1939 BK11
    |--*M. monilis Bartsch & Rehder 1939 [=Crassispira (*Monilispira) monilis] P66
    |--M. archeri Fargo 1953 [=Crassispira (Monilispira) archeri] P66
    |--M. bandata (Usticke 1969) [=Psarostola bandata] BC01
    |--M. monilifera (Carpenter 1856) [=Drillia monilifera, Crassispira (Monilispira) monilifera] P66
    |--M. nephele (Dall 1919) [=Crassispira (Monilispira) nephele] P66
    `--M. ochsneri Hertlein & Strong 1949 (see below for synonymy) P66
  Antimelatoma Powell 1942 BK11
    |--A. buchanani (Hutton 1873) [=Pleurotoma buchanani] P66
    |    |--A. b. buchanani P66
    |    `--*A. b. maorum (Smith 1877) [=Drillia maorum] P66
    |--A. ahiparana Powell 1942 P66
    |--A. benthicola Powell 1942 P66
    `--A. canyonensis Dell 1956 P66
  Paracomitas Powell 1942 BK11
    |--*P. castlecliffensis (Marshall & Murdoch 1919) [=Surcula castlecliffensis] P66
    |--P. augusta (Murdoch & Suter 1906) [=Pleurotoma (Leucosyrinx) augusta] P66
    |    |--P. a. augusta P61
    |    `--P. a. powelli Dell 1956 P61
    |--P. gemmea (Murdoch 1900) [=Pleurotoma gemmea] P66
    |--P. gypsata (Watson 1881) [=Pleurotoma (Drillia) gypsata] P66
    |--P. protransenna (Marshall & Murdoch 1923) [=Surcula protransenna] P66
    `--P. rodgersi MacNeil 1960 P66

*Burchia redondoensis (Burch 1938) [=Pseudomelatoma semiinflata redondoensis, Crassispira (*Burchia) redondoensis] P66

*Leucosyrinx verrilli (Dall 1881) [=Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) verrilli; incl. P. talismani var. attenuata Locard 1897, P. talismani var. curta Locard 1897 nec P. formosa var. curta Locard 1897 nec P. leptoconchum var. curta Locard 1897, P. devestitum Locard 1897, P. talismani var. elongata Locard 1897 nec P. elongata Deshayes 1834 nec P. nebula elongata Jeffreys 1867, Surcula gradata Thiele 1925, Leucosyrinx janetae Bartsch 1934, Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) sigsbeei Dall 1881, P. (Leucosyrinx) sigsbeei, P. talismani Locard 1897] BW80

Miraclathurella subconsors (Bose 1910) [=Pleurotoma (Drillia) subconsors, Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) subconsors] P66

Monilispira ochsneri Hertlein & Strong 1949 [=Crassispira (Monilispira) ochsneri; incl. Pleurotoma bicolor Sowerby 1834 non Risso 1826] P66

Pilsbryspira leucocyma (Dall 1883) M75 [=Drillia leucocyma P66, Crassispira (Monilispira) leucocyma M75]

‘Pleurotoma’ stromboides Sowerby 1832 (n. d.) [=Brachytoma stromboides, P. strombiformis Sowerby 1839, *B. strombiformis, *Strombina stromboides] P66

Ptychobela Thiele 1925 BK11 [incl. Brachytoma Swainson 1840 (n. d.) BK11, Strombina Gregorio 1890 nec Mörch 1852 P66; Brachytominae]

*Ptychobela crenularis (Lamarck 1816) [=Pleurotoma crenularis, Brachytoma crenularis, Clavatula crenularis, Inquisitor crenularis] P66

Ptychobela flavidula (Lamarck 1822) MG-H11 [=Pleurotoma flavidula P66, Brachytoma flavidula P66, Inquisitor flavidulus P66]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BW80] Bouchet, P., & A. Waren. 1980. Revision of the north-east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies Supplement 8: 1–119.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[D19] Dall, W. H. 1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidae from the west coast of America and adjacent regions. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56 (2288): 1–86, pls 1–24.

[M75] Maes, V. O. 1975. The genus Pilsbryspira: its position in history and the family Turridae. Bulletin of the American Malacological Union 1975: 60–61.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. II pt I. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[PK11] Puillandre, N., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, A. Couloux, C. Meyer, T. Rawlings, J. A. Todd & P. Bouchet. 2011. The dragon tamed? A molecular phylogeny of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 259–272.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

Turridae

Turris annulata, copyright Didier Gille.

Belongs within: Conoidea.
Contains: Unedogemmula, Coronia, Cryptogemma, Pleuroliria, Eopleurotoma (Eopleurotoma), Polystira, Turridrupa, Lophiotoma, Gemmula (Gemmula), Turris (Turris).

The Turridae are a group of marine gastropods previously recognised as including all non-conid and non-terebrid conoids but now restricted to a monophyletic group with a usually narrowly fusiform shell bearing obsolete axial sculpture and a peripheral anal sinus (Bouchet et al. 2011).

Characters (from Bouchet et al. 2011): Shell of medium to large size (usually 20–30 mm, up to 110 mm high), short- to high-fusiform, usually with high spire and long (rarely short and truncated) siphonal canal. Axial sculpture weak or absent. Anal sinus on whorl periphery. Protoconch typically multispiral, up to six whorls, protoconch I smooth, protoconch II with arcuate axial riblets; reduced paucispiral protoconch usually smooth, may have arcuate axial riblets. Operculum fully developed, with terminal nucleus. Radular formula typically 1-(1:R:1)-1. Small and narrow rachidian and plate-like laterals fused together, together constituting central formation of different development, varying from well-defined broad central tooth to tooth clearly formed of three elements through gradual reduction of rachidian and/or laterals to complete absence. Marginals duplex, of variable morphology, from broadly oval and flattened with nearly equally developed limbs to awl-shaped and divided only in basal part; major limb most commonly large and knife-shaped, accessory limb dorsal and more weakly developed.

<==Turridae [Pleurotomaceae, Pleurotomidae, Pleurotomina, Pleurotominae, Turritidae, Turrinae, Turrini, Turritinae] PK11
    |--Lucerapex Iredale 1936 PK11, P66
    |    |--*L. casearia (Hedley & Petterd 1906) [=Pleurotoma casearia] P66
    |    |    |--L. c. casearia P66
    |    |    `--L. c. regilla Iredale 1936 P66
    |    |--L. adenica Powell 1964 P66
    |    |--L. angustatus (Powell 1940) [=Micantapex angustatus] P66
    |    |--L. carola (Thiele 1925) [=Pleurotoma carola] P66
    |    |--L. ‘denticulata’ (Thiele 1925) [=Pleurotoma denticulata non Smith 1884] P66
    |    |--L. indagatoris (Finlay 1927) [=Gemmula indagatoris; incl. Pleurotoma optata Smith 1899 non Harris 1897] P66
    |    |--L. molengraffi (Tesch 1915) [=Pleurotoma molengraffi] P66
    |    `--L. murrayana (Pritchard 1904) [=Pleurotoma murrayana] P66
    `--+--Polystira PK11
       `--+--Turridrupa PK11
          `--+--+--Lophiotoma PK11
             |  `--Gemmula Weinkauff 1875 PK11, BK11 [incl. Eugemmula Iredale 1931 BK11]
             |       |  i. s.: G. complicata A27
             |       |         G. cretacea Sohl 1964 BD12
             |       |         G. mystica Simone 2005 S11
             |       |         G. rarimaculata (Kuroda & Oyama 1971) BK11
             |       |         G. westaustralis Kosuge 1990 MG-H11
             |       |--G. (Gemmula) P66
             |       `--G. (Pinguigemmula MacNeil 1960) BK11
             |            |--‘*Pinguigemmula’ okinavensis MacNeil 1960 P66
             |            |--‘Pinguigemmula’ luzonica Powell 1964 P66
             |            |--‘Pinguigemmula’ philippinensis Powell 1964 MG-H11
             |            `--G. (P.) thielei Finlay 1930 (see below for synonymy) P66
             `--+--+--Iotyrris Medinskaya & Sysoev 2001 PK11, BK11
                |  |    `--I. cingulifera (Lamarck 1822) BK11
                |  `--Xenuroturris Iredale 1929 PK11, P66 [incl. Clamturris Iredale 1931 P66]
                |       |--X. cingulifera (Lamarck 1822) [=Pleurotoma cingulifera; incl. *X. legitima Iredale 1929] P66
                |       |    |--X. c. cingulifera P66
                |       |    `--X. c. erythraea (Weinkauff 1875) [=Pleurotoma erythraea] P66
                |       |--X. castanella Powell 1964 P66
                |       |--X. cerithiformis Powell 1964 P66
                |       |--X. incredula (Iredale 1931) [=*Clamturris incredula] P66
                |       |--X. kingae Powell 1964 P66
                |       |--X. legitima Iredale 1929 BK11
                |       `--X. millepunctata (Sowerby 1908) [=Pleurotoma millepunctata] P66
                `--Turris Batsch 1789 PK11, BK11 [=Pleurotoma Lamarck 1799 BK11, Pleurotomus Blainville 1810 BK11]
                     |  i. s.: T. carlsoni Anderson & Martin 1914 AV03
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ circumsecta Mighels 1845 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ clarkei Tenison-Woods 1879 F71
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ coronata Mighels 1845 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ coronifer Bellardi 1877 F27
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma crassilabrum’ Mighels 1845 non Reeve 1843 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ crispata De Cristofori & Jan 1832 BW80
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ eritmeta BW80
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ excavata H86a
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ gemmata Hinds 1843 H09
                     |         T. granosa (Helbling 1779) [=Murex granosus] H09
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ haasti [incl. Surcula atractoides] H86b
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ insculpta Mighels 1844 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ micans Mighels 1845 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ murndaliana Tenison-Woods 1878 F71
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ obnubila Mighels 1845 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ parva Conrad 1830 F27
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ pumila Mighels 1845 J49 (see below for synonymy)
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ renieri Scacchi 1835 BW80
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma reticulata’ Philippi 1844 non Brown 1827 F27
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ sinuosa Mighels 1845 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ todilla Mighels 1845 J49
                     |         ‘Pleurotoma’ torquata Philippi 1844 BW80
                     |--T. (Turris) P66
                     `--T. (Annulaturris Powell 1966) P66
                          |--T. (*A.) amicta (Smith 1877) [=Pleurotoma amicta] P66
                          `--T. (A.) annulata (Reeve 1843) (see below for synonymy) P66

Turridae incertae sedis:
  Unedogemmula BK11
  Coronia P66
  Cryptogemma P66
  Pleuroliria P66
  Eothesbia Finlay & Marwick 1937 P66
    `--*E. microtomoides Finlay & Mariwck 1937 P66
  Fusitoma Casey 1904 P66
    `--*F. sipho Casey 1904 P66
  Pyramitoma Martin 1914 P66
    `--*P. puruensis (Martin 1914) [=Pleurotoma (Pyramitoma) puruensis] P66
  Tritonimangilia Martin 1914 P66
    `--*T. varicifera (Martin 1914) [=Mangilia (Tritonimangilia) varicifera] P66
  Varicobela Casey 1904 P66
    `--*V. smithi (Aldrich 1885) [=Strombus smithi] P66
  Parasyngenochilus Long 1981 DK08
    `--P. angustior Long 1981 DK08
  Trypanotopsis Gardner 1945 P66
    `--*T. texana (Gabb 1860) [=Turris texana] P66
  Sinistrella Meyer 1887 P66
    `--*S. americana (Aldrich 1885) [=Triforis americanus, Trypanotoma americana] P66
  Echinoturris Powell 1942 P66
    `--E. finlayi (Powell 1935) [=Turris finlayi] P66
  Decollidrillia Habe & Ito 1965 BK11
    `--*D. nigra Habe & Ito 1965 P66
  Nekewis Stewart 1926 P66
    |--*N. washingtoniana (Weaver 1912) [=Fasciolaria washingtoniana] P66
    `--N. io (Gabb 1864) (see below for synonymy) P66
  Campylacrum Finlay & Marwick 1937 P66
    |--*C. sanum Finlay & Marwick 1937 P66
    `--C. debile Finlay & Marwick 1937 P66
  Hemipleurotoma Cossmann 1889 P66
    |--*H. archimedis (Bellardi 1878) [=Pleurotoma archimedis] P66
    `--H. denticula (Basterot 1825) [=Pleurotoma denticula] P66
  Epidirella Iredale 1913 [=Austrogemmula Laseron 1954] BK11
    |--E. xanthophaes (Watson 1886) (see below for synonymy) P66
    `--E. sayceana (Chapman 1912) [=Pleurotoma sayceana] P66
  Heteroterma Gabb 1868 P66
    |--*H. trochoidea Gabb 1868 P66
    |--‘Cominella’ praecursor Wilckens 1907 P66
    `--H. zelandica Marshall 1917 P66
  Hesperiturris Gardner 1945 P66
    |--*H. nodocarinata (Gabb 1860) [=Turris nodocarinata] P66
    |--H. amichel Gardner 1945 P66
    `--H. zacatensis Gardner 1945 P66
  Zexilia Finlay 1927 P66
    |--*Z. waihaoensis (Suter 1917) [=Exilia waihaoensis] P66
    |--Z. cingulata [=Latirofusus cingulatus] F27
    |--Z. crassicostata [=Exilia crassicostata] F27
    `--Z. dalli (Suter 1915) [=Exilia dalli] F27
  Eoturris Finlay & Marwick 1937 P66
    |--*E. complicatus (Suter 1917) [=Turris complicatus] P66
    |--E. multicinctus (Marshall 1917) [=Turris multicinctus] P66
    |--E. neglectus (Suter 1917) P66 (see below for synonymy)
    `--E. uttleyi (Suter 1917) [=Turris uttleyi] P66
  Optoturris Powell 1944 P66
    |--*O. optata (Harris 1897) [=Pleurotoma optata] P66
    |--O. edita Powell 1944 P66
    |--O. kyushuensis Shuto 1961 P66
    `--O. paracantha (Tenison-Woods 1877) [=Pleurotoma paracantha] P66
  Kuroshioturris Shuto 1961 BK11
    |--*K. hyugaensis Shuto 1961 [=Gemmula (*Kuroshioturris) hyugaensis, Ptychosyrinx (*K.) hyugaensis] P66
    |--K. asukana (Yokoyama 1926) [=Drillia asukana, Ptychosyrinx (Kuroshioturris) asukana] P66
    |--K. nipponica (Shuto 1961) [=Gemmula (Ptychosyrinx) nipponicus] P66
    `--K. totomiensis (Makiyama 1931) (see below for synonymy) P66
  Epalxis Cossmann 1889 P66
    |--*E. crenulata (Lamarck 1804) [=Pleurotoma crenulata] P66
    |--E. bilirata (Boury 1899) [=Pleurotoma bilirata] P66
    |--E. lemoinei Boury 1899 P66
    |--E. multigyrata (Deshayes 1865) [=Pleurotoma multigyrata] P66
    `--E. ventricosa (Lamarck 1804) P66 [=Pleurotoma ventricosa P66, Drillia ventricosa H09]
  Exilia Conrad 1860 P66
    |--*E. pergracilis Conrad 1860 P66
    |--E. diaboli (Gabb 1864) [=Fusus diaboli] P66
    |--E. fausta Anderson & Hanna 1925 P66
    |--E. kelseyi Dall 1908 O27
    |--E. microptygma (Gabb 1864) [=Cordieria microptygma] P66
    `--E. rectirostris Carpenter 1865 O27
  Eopleurotoma Cossmann 1889 [incl. Eodrillia Casey 1904] P66
    |--E. (Eopleurotoma) P66
    `--E. (Oxyacrum Cossmann 1889) P66
         |--E. (*O.) obliterata (Deshayes 1834) [=Pleurotoma obliterata] P66
         |--E. (O.) constricta (Edwards 1861) [=Pleurotoma constricta] P66
         |--E. (O.) inflexa (Lamarck 1804) [=Pleurotoma inflexa] P66
         `--E. (O.) lepta (Edwards 1861) P66
  Veruturris Powell 1944 P66
    |--V. (Veruturris) P66
    |    |--*V. (V.) quadricarinata (Powell 1944) [=Xenuroturris (V.) quadricarinatus] P66
    |    |--V. (V.) bisculpta (Powell 1944) [=Xenuroturris (V.) bisculptus] P66
    |    |--V. (V.) cochleata (Powell 1944) [=Xenuroturris (V.) cochleatus] P66
    |    |--V. (V.) subconcava (Harris 1897) [=Pleurotoma subconcava] P66
    |    `--V. (V.) tomopleuroides (Powell 1944) [=Xenuroturris (V.) tomopleuroides] P66
    `--V. (Cinguliturris Powell 1964) P66
         `--V. (*C.) tatei (Cossmann 1896) [=Asthenotoma tatei] P66
  Ptychosyrinx Thiele 1925 [incl. Bathybermudia Haas 1949] P66
    |--*P. bisinuata (Martens 1901) [=Pleurotoma (Subulata) bisinuata] P66
    |--P. carynae (Haas 1949) [=*Bathybermudia carynae] P66
    |--P. chilensis Berry 1968 BK11
    |--P. lobata (Sowerby 1903) [=Pleurotoma (Surcula) lobata] P66
    |--P. timorensis (Tesch 1915) [=Pleurotoma timorensis] P66
    |    |--P. t. timorensis P66
    |    `--P. t. teschi Powell 1964 P66
    `--P. truncata (Schepman 1913) [=Pleurotoma truncata] P66
  Trypanotoma Cossmann 1896 P66
    |--*T. terebriformis (Meyer 1886) [=Pleurotoma terebriformis] P66
    |    |--T. t. terebriformis P66
    |    |--T. t. cooperi Harris 1937 P66
    |    `--T. t. curta Harris 1937 P66
    |--T. carlottae (Harris 1899) [=Pleurotoma carlottae] P66
    |--T. longispira Casey 1904 P66
    |--T. melanella Harris 1937 P66
    |--T. obtusa Casey 1904 P66
    `--T. stocki (Dickerson 1916) [=Turris stocki] P66
  Corinnaeturris Bouchet & Waren 1980 BW80
    `--*C. leucomata (Dall 1881) (see below for synonymy) BW80

*Corinnaeturris leucomata (Dall 1881) [=Pleurotoma (Drillia) leucomata; incl. P. dalli Bush 1893 non Verrill & Smith 1882, P. joubini Dautzenberg & Fischer 1906, P. projecticium Locard 1897] BW80

Eoturris neglectus (Suter 1917) P66 [=Turris neglectus nec Lesson 1837 (not preoc. as in homonymous genera) nec Pleurotoma neglecta Reeve 1842 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.) P66, T. insensus Finlay 1924 F27, Gemmula insensa F27]

Epidirella xanthophaes (Watson 1886) [=Pleurotoma xanthophaes; incl. Hemipleurotoma tasmanica May 1911, *Austrogemmula tasmanica, *Epidirella tasmanica] P66

Gemmula (Pinguigemmula) thielei Finlay 1930 [incl. Pleurotoma (Gemmula) fusiformis Thiele 1925 nec Pl. fusiforme Requien 1848 nec Pl. nebula fusiforme Marshall 1893] P66

Kuroshioturris totomiensis (Makiyama 1931) [=Turris (Gemmula) totomiensis, Ptychosyrinx (Kuroshioturris) totomiensis] P66

Nekewis io (Gabb 1864) [=Fasciolaria io; incl. Surcula alizensis Anderson & Hanna 1925, S. ioformis Anderson & Hanna 1925] P66

‘Pleurotoma’ pumila Mighels 1845 J49 [incl. P. reticulata Garrett 1857 nec Brown 1827 nec Philippi 1844 F27]

Turris (Annulaturris) annulata (Reeve 1843) [=Pleurotoma annulata; incl. P. fagina Adams & Reeve 1850] P66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A27] Allan, R. S. 1927. The geology and palaeontology of the Lower Waihao Basin, south Canterbury, New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 265–309.

[AV03] Amano, K., & G. J. Vermeij. 2003. Evolutionary adaptation and geographic spread of the Cenozoic buccinid genus Lirabuccinum in the North Pacific. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 863–872.

[BD12] Bandel, K., & D. T. Dockery III. 2012. Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. Freiberger Forschungshefte C542 (psf 20): 93–128.

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BW80] Bouchet, P., & A. Waren. 1980. Revision of the north-east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies Supplement 8: 1–119.

[DK08] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2008. Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (3): 217–246.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[H86a] Hutton, F. W. 1886a. The Mollusca of the Pareora and Oamaru systems of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 205–237.

[H86b] Hutton, F. W. 1886b. Notes on some Australian Tertiary fossils. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (2): 481–482.

[J49] Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 1 (14): 213–231.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. II pt I. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[PK11] Puillandre, N., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, A. Couloux, C. Meyer, T. Rawlings, J. A. Todd & P. Bouchet. 2011. The dragon tamed? A molecular phylogeny of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 259–272.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

Marshallena

Marshallena philippinarum, copyright Maurice Jay.

Belongs within: Conoidea.

Marshallena is a genus of moderate- to large-sized conoids known from deep waters of the Indo-west Pacific (Powell 1966).

Characters (from Powell 1966): Shell of moderate to large size, 14–78 mm, fusiform-biconic, with medially angulate to subangulate turreted whorls, sculptured with closely spaced regular, narrowly crested axial folds, crossed by dense spiral cords and threads. Body-whorl slowly tapered to moderately long, slightly flexed, unnotched anterior canal. Sinus weak, a broad shallow concavity, occupying most of shoulder slope. Protoconch regular conic of three to five almost smooth whorls. Operculum small, thin, corneous, ovated, with subterminal nucleus that curves inward toward columella. Radula a pair of simple wishbone-type marginals; basal limbs bridged by thin plate.

<==Marshallena Allan 1927 BK11 [incl. Sugitania Kuroda 1958 non Matsumura 1926, Sugitanitoma Kuroda 1959] P66
    |--*M. neozelanica (Suter 1917) [=Daphnella neozelanica; incl. Belophos incertus Marshall 1919] P66
    |--M. anomala Powell 1942 P66
    |--M. austrotomoides Powell 1931 P66
    |--M. carinaria Powell 1935 P66
    |--M. celsa Marwick 1931 P66
    |--M. curtata (Marwick 1926) [=Turricula curtata] P66
    |--M. decens Marwick 1931 P66
    |--M. esdailei (Marwick 1926) [=Turricula esdailei] P66
    |--M. gracilispira Powell 1969 MG-H11
    |--M. impar Powell 1942 P66
    |--M. ‘lepta’ (Watson 1881) [=Pleurotoma (Surcula) lepta non P. lepta Edwards 1861] P66
    |--M. nereis (Smith 1906) [=Pleurotoma nereis] P66
    |    |--M. n. nereis P66
    |    `--M. n. ‘reticulata’ (Kuroda 1959) non Sugitania reticulata Kuroda 1958 P66
    |--M. nierstraszi (Schepman 1913) [=Surcula nierstraszi] P66
    |--M. ovata (Marshall 1917) [=Daphnella ovata] F27
    |--M. philippinarum (Watson 1882) BK11
    |--M. reticulata (Kuroda 1958) [=*Sugitania reticulata, *Sugitanoma reticulata] P66
    `--M. serotina (Suter 1917) [=Surcula serotina] P66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.