Percomorpharia

White bass Morone chrysops, from the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

Belongs within: Acanthomorphata.
Contains: Gerreidae, Labridae, Uranoscopiformes, Centrarchiformes, Serraniformes, Pempheridae, Epigonidae, Pentacerotidae, Ephippiformes, Spariformes, Malacanthidae, Pomacanthidae, Haemulidae, Caesionidae, Lutjanidae, Sillago, Emmelichthyidae, Lobotidae, Sciaenidae, Leiognathidae, Chaetodontidae, Acanthuriformes, Tetraodontiformes, Lophiiformes, Priacanthidae, Cepolidae, Siganidae.

The Percomorpharia are a major clade of acanthomorph fishes united by molecular data (Betancur-R. et al. 2013).

Percomorpharia [Epigonoidei] B-RB13
    |  i. s.: Dinopercidae B-RB13
    |           |--Centrarchops chapini SC07
    |           `--Dinoperca petersi SC07
    |         Rhenanoperca minuta Gaudant & Micklich 1990 M09
    |--+--Gerreidae ND13
    |  `--Labriformes [Labroidea, Labroidei] B-RB13
    |       |  i. s.: Pseudosphaerodon antiquus Casier 1966 P93
    |       |--Labridae ND13
    |       |--Tortonesia [Tortonesidae] P93
    |       |    `--T. esilis Sorbini 1983 P93
    |       `--Odacidae B-RB13
    |            |--Odax cyanomelas CC98
    |            |--Olistherops R13
    |            `--Coridodax R13
    `--+--+--Uranoscopiformes ND13
       |  `--Centrogenys [Centrogeniidae] ND13
       |       `--C. vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) M58 (see below for synonymy)
       `--+--+--Centrarchiformes ND13
          |  `--+--Serraniformes ND13
          |     `--+--+--+--Percophidae ND13
          |        |  |  |    |--Acanthaphritis ND13 [incl. Pteropsaron R13]
          |        |  |  |    |    `--A. unoorum ND13
          |        |  |  |    `--Hemerocoetinarum apertus (Schwarzhans 1980) P93
          |        |  |  `--Creediidae [Limnichthyidae] ND13
          |        |  |       |--Limnichthys ND13
          |        |  |       |--Chalixodytes chameleontoculus LM13
          |        |  |       |--Creedia clathrisquamis Ogilby 1898 R13
          |        |  |       `--Schizochirus R13
          |        |  `--Pempheriformes B-RB13
          |        |       |--Pempheridae ND13
          |        |       `--Glaucosoma [Glaucosomatidae, Glaucosomidae] ND13
          |        |            |--G. buergeri Richardson 1845 (see below for synonymy) M01
          |        |            |--G. hebraicum ND13
          |        |            |--G. magnificum (Ogilby 1915) M01
          |        |            `--G. scapulare Ramsay 1881 M01
          |        `--+--+--Howella Ogilby 1899 ND13, P93 [Howellidae]
          |           |  |    |--H. brodiei (Ogilby 1899) LD09
          |           |  |    |--H. parina LM13
          |           |  |    `--H. zina ND13
          |           |  `--+--Epigonidae B-RB13
          |           |     |--Ostracoberyx [Ostracoberycidae] ND13
          |           |     |    |--O. dorygenys ND13
          |           |     |    `--O. pattersoni Nolf 1988 P93
          |           |     `--Acropomatidae ND13
          |           |          |--Neoscombrops pacificus LM13
          |           |          `--Acropoma ND13
          |           |               |--A. antiqua Schwarzhans 1985 P93
          |           |               |--A. japonica ND13
          |           |               `--A. lepidotus (Agassiz 18330 P93
          |           `--+--+--Pentacerotidae ND13
          |              |  `--Banjos [Banjosidae] ND13
          |              |       `--B. banjos ND13
          |              `--+--Malakichthys ND13
          |                 |    |--M. elegans ND13
          |                 |    |--M. griseus SC07
          |                 |    `--M. wakiyae I00
          |                 |--+--Avitolabrax denticulatus Takai 1942 P93
          |                 |  `--Lateolabrax Bleeker 1857 LD09, P93 [Lateolabracidae B-RB13]
          |                 |       `--L. japonicus (Cuvier 1828) LD09
          |                 `--Polyprionidae ND13
          |                      |--Stereolepis Ayres 1859 ND13, P93
          |                      |    |--S. doederleini I00
          |                      |    `--S. gigas ND13
          |                      `--Polyprion Oken 1817 P93
          |                           |--P. americanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) K-M02b
          |                           `--P. oxygeneios SC07
          `--+--Moronidae ND13
             |    |--Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus 1758) LD09
             |    |--Palaeoperca proxima Nicklich 1985 P93
             |    `--Morone ND13 [incl. Roccus K-M02a]
             |         |  i. s.: M. americana (Gmelin 1789) K-M02a [incl. Labrax mucronatus P61]
             |         |         M. eschmeyeri Nolf & Lapierre 1979 P93
             |         |         M. vogdtii (Bogatshov 1942) P93
             |         |--M. saxatilis (Walbaum 1792) ND13, K-M02a [=Roccus saxatilis K-M02a]
             |         `--+--M. chrysops ND13
             |            `--M. mississippiensis ND13
             `--+--Ephippiformes ND13
                `--+--+--+--Spariformes ND13
                   |  |  `--+--Malacanthidae ND13
                   |  |     `--+--Pomacanthidae ND13
                   |  |        `--+--Haemulidae ND13
                   |  |           `--+--Caesionidae ND13
                   |  |              `--Lutjanidae ND13
                   |  `--+--+--Sillago ND13
                   |     |  `--Emmelichthyidae ND13
                   |     `--Callanthiidae ND13
                   |          |--Grammatonotus ND13
                   |          |    |--G. macrophthalmus I00
                   |          |    `--G. surugaensis ND13
                   |          `--Callanthias Lowe 1839 S61
                   |               |--C. ruber (Rafinesque 1810) [incl. *C. paradiseus Lowe 1839] S61
                   |               |--C. allporti Gunther 1876 S61
                   |               `--C. legras Smith 1947 S61
                   `--+--+--+--Lobotidae ND13
                      |  |  `--Sciaenidae ND13
                      |  `--+--+--Leiognathidae ND13
                      |     |  `--Chaetodontidae ND13
                      |     `--Monodactylidae ND13
                      |          |--Schuettea scalaripinnis Steindachner 1866 K01
                      |          |--Pasaichthys pleuronectiformis Blot 1969 P93
                      |          |--Psettopsis subarcuatus (de Blainville 1818) P93
                      |          |--Monodactylus ND13
                      |          |    |--M. argenteus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Chaetodon argenteus, Psettus argenteus] M58
                      |          |    |--M. kottelati Pethiyagoda 1991 K01
                      |          |    `--M. sebae ND13
                      |          `--Bramichthys R13
                      `--+--Acanthuriformes ND13
                         `--+--+--+--Tetraodontiformes ND13
                            |  |  `--Lophiiformes ND13
                            |  `--Caproidae [Caproidei] ND13
                            |       |--Capros aper (Linnaeus 1758) LD09
                            |       `--Antigonia ND13
                            |            |--A. capros Lowe 1843 MK-M02
                            |            |--A. combatia MK-M02
                            |            |--A. rubescens ND13
                            |            `--A. veronensis Sorbini 1983 P93
                            `--+--+--Priacanthidae ND13
                               |  `--Cepolidae ND13
                               `--+--Siganidae ND13
                                  `--Scatophagidae ND13
                                       |--Scatophagus P93
                                       |    |--S. argus (Linné 1766) [=Chaetodon argus] M58
                                       |    `--S. frontalis Agassiz 1835 P93
                                       `--Selenotoca ND13
                                            |--S. multifasciata (Richardson 1846) LD09 (see below for synonymy)
                                            `--S. papuensis Fraser-Brunner 1938 M58

Centrogenys vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) M58 [=Scorpaena vaigiensis M58, Centrogenys (Myriodon) waigiensis M58; incl. Centropristes scorpaenoides Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829 M58, Gennadius stoliczae JR10, Sebastes stoliczae JR10]

Glaucosoma buergeri Richardson 1845 [incl. G. fauvelii Sauvage 1881, G. taeniatus Fowler 1934] M01

Selenotoca multifasciata (Richardson 1846) LD09 [=Scatophagus multifasciatus M58; incl. Se. multifasciata aetatevarians G75, Sc. tetracanthus Fowler 1928 M58]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B-RB13] Betancur-R., R., R. E. Broughton, E. O. Wiley, K. Carpenter, A. López, C. Li, N. I. Holcroft, D. Arcila, M. Sanciangco, J. C. Cureton, II, F. Zhang, T. Buser, M. A. Campbell, J. A. Ballesteros, A. Roa-Varon, S. Willis, W. C. Borden, T. Rowley, P. C. Reneau, D. J. Hough, G. Lu, T. Grande, G. Arratia & G. Ortí. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life April 18 2013. doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288.

[CC98] Choat, J. H., & K. D. Clements. 1998. Vertebrate herbivores in marine and terrestrial environments: a nutritional ecology perspective. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 375–403.

[G75] Grant, E. M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. The Co-ordinator-General’s Department: Brisbane (Australia).

[I00] Imamura, H. 2000. An alternative hypothesis on the phylogenetic position of the family Dactylopteridae (Pisces: Teleostei), with a proposed new classification. Ichthyological Research 47 (3): 203–222.

[JR10] Jordan, D. S., & R. E. Richardson. 1910. Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine archipelago. Bureau of Printing: Manila.

[K-M02a] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002a. Temperate basses. Family Moronidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 374–389. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[K-M02b] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002b. Wreckfishes. Family Polyprionidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 389–391. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[K01] Kottelat, M. 2001. Monodactylidae. Moonfishes. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3216–3220. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[LM13] Lautredou, A.-C., H. Motomura, C. Gallut, C. Ozouf-Costaz, C. Cruaud, G. Lecointre & A. Dettai. 2013. New nuclear markers and exploration of the relationships among Serraniformes (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei): the importance of working at multiple scales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67: 140–155.

[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.

[M09] Mayr, G. 2009. Paleogene Fossil Birds. Springer.

[M01] McKay, R. J. 2001. Glaucosomatidae. Pearl perches. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3205–3209. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[MM09] Moore, J. A., & G. Klein-MacPhee. 2002. Boarfishes. Family Caproidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 310–311. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: a check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97–369 (reprinted 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin no. 1).

[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.

[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.

[P61] Price, E. W. 1961. North American monogenetic trematodes IX. The families Mazocraeidae and Plectanocotylidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 127–156.

[R13] Regan, C. T. 1913. The classification of the percoid fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 12: 111–145.

[S61] Smith, J. L. B. 1961. Fishes of the family Anthiidae from the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin 21: 359–369.

[SC07] Smith, W. L., & M. T. Craig. 2007. Casting the percomorph net widely: the importance of broad taxonomic sampling in the search for the placement of serranid and percid fishes. Copeia 2007 (1): 35–55.

Centrarchiformes

Fivebar flagtails Kuhlia mugil, copyright Philippe Bourjon.

Belongs within: Percomorpharia.
Contains: Cirrhitoidei, Centrarchidae, Terapontidae.

The Centrarchiformes are a clade of marine and freshwater fishes associated by molecular data that are most diverse in temperate and subtropical waters.

<==Centrarchiformes
    |  i. s.: Dinolestes [Dinolestidae] SC07
    |           `--D. lewini SC07
    |--+--Percalates ND13
    |  |    |--P. colonorum ND13 [incl. P. fluviatilis G75]
    |  |    `--P. novemaculeata ND13
    |  `--+--+--Cirrhitoidei ND13
    |     |  `--+--Centrarchidae ND13
    |     |     `--Siniperca Gill 1862 ND13, P93 [Sinipercidae]
    |     |          `--S. chuasti ND13
    |     `--+--Enoplosus [Enoplosidae] ND13
    |        |    |--E. armatus (Shaw in White 1790) H01
    |        |    `--E. pygopterus Agassiz 1836 P93
    |        `--Percichthyidae [Gadopsidae, Gadopsiformes, Maccullochellidae, Macquariidae, Plectroplitidae] ND13
    |             |  i. s.: Santosius Arratia 1982 GM01
    |             |         Priscacara G88
    |             |         Edelia vittata C01c, L91
    |             |         Nannatherina C01c
    |             |         Plectroplites ambiguus G75
    |             |         Percichthys P93
    |             |           |--P. lonquimayensis Chang & Arratia 1978 P93
    |             |           `--P. sandovali Arratia 1982 P93
    |             |         Properca angusta (Agassiz 1834) P93
    |             |         Doederleinia berycoides I00 [=Anthias berycoides R13]
    |             |         Microperca yarrae [incl. Paradules obscurus] O96
    |             |--+--Gadopsis marmoratus ND13
    |             |  `--Maccullochella ND13
    |             |       |--M. macquarienensis G75
    |             |       `--M. peelii ND13
    |             `--+--Macquaria ND13 [incl. Riverina Castelnau 1872 O96]
    |                |    |--M. ambigua ND13
    |                |    |--M. australasica (see below for synonymy) O96
    |                |    `--M. novemaculeata SC07
    |                `--+--Nannoperca australis ND13
    |                   `--Percilia [Perciliidae] ND13
    |                        |--P. gillissi Girard 1854 DS89
    |                        `--P. irwini ND13
    `--+--Girellidae R13
       |    |--Girella ND13
       |    |    |--G. cyanea CC98
       |    |    |--G. elevata Macleay 1881 C01a
       |    |    |--G. mezina ND13
       |    |    |--G. niricans CH-C06
       |    |    |--G. punctata C01a
       |    |    `--G. tricuspidata (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) C01a
       |    |--Melambaphes R13
       |    |--Doydixodon R13
       |    |--Proteracanthus R13
       |    `--Tephraeops R13
       `--+--Oplegnathus [Oplegnathidae] ND13
          |    |--O. punctatus ND13
          |    `--O. woodwardi SC07
          `--+--Kyphosidae [Labracoglossidae] ND13
             |    |--Hermosilla azurea SC07
             |    |--Sectator ocyurus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) S01
             |    |--Neoscorpis Smith 1931 P93
             |    |--Kyphosidarum goujeti Nolf 1988 P93
             |    |--Kyphosus ND13
             |    |    |--K. bigibbus Lacepède 1801 [incl. K. fuscus Lacepède 1801] S01
             |    |    |--K. boscii R13
             |    |    |--K. cinerascens (Forsskål 1775) S01 (see below for synonymy)
             |    |    |--K. elegans ND13
             |    |    |--K. sectator LM13
             |    |    |--K. sydneyanus (Günther 1886) S01 (see below for synonymy)
             |    |    `--K. vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) (see below for synonymy) M58
             |    |--Labracoglossa [incl. Cypselichthys] R13
             |    `--Bathystethus R13
             `--+--Microcanthidae SC07
                |    |--Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier 1831) LD09
                |    `--Atypichthys C01b
                |         |--A. latus HS01
                |         `--A. strigatus (Günther 1860) C01b
                `--+--Terapontidae ND13
                   `--Kuhlia [Kuhliidae] ND13
                        |--K. boninensis (Fowler 1907) C01c
                        |--K. caerulescens Regan 1913 M58
                        |--K. lepta Stinton 1980 P93
                        |--K. maio JR10
                        |--K. marginata (Cuvier 1829) C01c (see below for synonymy)
                        |--K. mugil (Forster in Bloch & Schneider 1801) C01c
                        |--K. munda (De Vis 1884) (see below for synonymy) M58
                        |--K. rupestris (Lacépède 1802) AC90 (see below for synonymy)
                        `--K. taeniura (Cuvier 1829) [=Dules taeniura] M58

Kuhlia marginata (Cuvier 1829) C01c [=Dules marginatus AC90; incl. Moronopsis ciliatus Bleeker 1878 M58, D. ciliatus M58, D. papuensis Macleay 1884 M58]

Kuhlia munda (DeVis 1884) [=Herops munda, Dules munda; incl. D. nitens Ramsay & Ogilby 1888] M58

Kuhlia rupestris (Lacépède 1802) AC90 [=Centropomus rupestris AC90, Dules rupestris M58; incl. D. guamensis Macleay 1884 M58]

Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål 1775) S01 [=Sciaena cinerascens M58, Pimelepterus cinerascens M58; incl. Pachymetopon squamosum Alleyne & Macleay 1877 M58, Pi. tahmel JR10]

Kyphosus sydneyanus (Günther 1886) S01 [incl. K. gibsoni Ogilby 1912 S01, Pimelepterus lembus Cuvier 1831 M58, K. lembus S01, Oblata muador Thiollière 1857 M58]

Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) [=Pimelepterus vaigiensis, K. waigiensis, P. waigiensis; incl. P. marciac Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831] M58

Macquaria australasica [incl. Murrayia bramoides Castelnau 1872, Dules christyi Castelnau 1872, Mu. cyprinoides Castelnau 1872, Riverina fluviatilis Castelnau 1872, Mu. guentheri Castelnau 1872] O96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AC90] Allen, G. R., & D. Coates. 1990. An ichthyological survey of the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 34: 31–116.

[C01a] Carpenter, K. E. 2001a. Girellidae. Nibblers. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3297–3298. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[C01b] Carpenter, K. E. 2001b. Microcanthidae. Microcanthids. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3301–3303. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[C01c] Carpenter, K. E. 2001c. Kuhliidae. Flagtails. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3317–3320. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[CH-C06] Chilton, N. B., F. Huby-Chilton, R. B. Gasser & I. Beveridge. 2006. The evolutionary origins of nematodes within the order Strongylida are related to predilection sites within hosts. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 118–128.

[CC98] Choat, J. H., & K. D. Clements. 1998. Vertebrate herbivores in marine and terrestrial environments: a nutritional ecology perspective. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 375–403.

[DS89] Dundee, H. A., & H. M. Smith. 1989. Nomenclatural eponym endings revisited. Systematic Zoology 38 (3): 279–283.

[GM01] Gayet, M., L. G. Marshall, T. Sempere, F. J. Meunier, H. Cappetta & J-C. Rage. 2001. Middle Maastrichtian vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, dinosaurs and other reptiles, mammals) from Pajcha Pata (Bolivia). Biostratigraphic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiostratigraphic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 169: 39–68.

[G75] Grant, E. M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. The Co-ordinator-General’s Department: Brisbane (Australia).

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H01] Hutchins, J. B. 2001. Enoplosidae. Old wife. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3287. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[I00] Imamura, H. 2000. An alternative hypothesis on the phylogenetic position of the family Dactylopteridae (Pisces: Teleostei), with a proposed new classification. Ichthyological Research 47 (3): 203–222.

[JR10] Jordan, D. S., & R. E. Richardson. 1910. Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine archipelago. Bureau of Printing: Manila.

[LM13] Lautredou, A.-C., H. Motomura, C. Gallut, C. Ozouf-Costaz, C. Cruaud, G. Lecointre & A. Dettai. 2013. New nuclear markers and exploration of the relationships among Serraniformes (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei): the importance of working at multiple scales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67: 140–155.

[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.

[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: A check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97–369 (reprinted 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin no. 1).

[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.

[O96] Ogilby, J. D. 1896. A new family of Australian fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 21 (2): 118–135.

[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.

[R13] Regan, C. T. 1913. The classification of the percoid fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 12: 111–145.

[S01] Sakai, K. 2001. Kyphosidae. Sea chubs. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3290–3296. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[SC07] Smith, W. L., & M. T. Craig. 2007. Casting the percomorph net widely: the importance of broad taxonomic sampling in the search for the placement of serranid and percid fishes. Copeia 2007 (1): 35–55.

Gasterosteidae

Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, copyright Jack Wolf.

Belongs within: Cottioidei.

The Gasterosteidae are a group of fishes with subthoracic pelvic fins placed below the pectoral fins.

Gasterosteidae [Aulorhynchidae, Gasterosteales, Protosyngnathidae]
    |--Hypoptychus [Hypoptychidae] ND13
    |    `--H. dybowskii ND13
    `--+--Aulorhynchus flavidus ND13
       `--+--Aulichthys japonicus ND13
          `--+--Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill 1815) ND13, K02
             `--Gasterosteus Linnaeus 1758 ND13, L58
                  |--G. aculeatus Linnaeus 1758 K02
                  |    |--G. a. aculeatus I92
                  |    |--G. a. microcephalus (Girard 1854) I92
                  |    `--G. a. williamsoni USDI77
                  |--G. apodus G88
                  |--G. doryssus BL87
                  |--G. occidentalis Linnaeus 1758 L58
                  |--G. pungitius Linnaeus 1758 L58
                  |--G. spinachia Linnaeus 1758 L58
                  |--G. spinarella Linnaeus 1758 L58
                  `--G. wheatlandi Putnam 1867 K02

Gasterosteidae incertae sedis:
  Culaea inconstans K02
  Spinachia spinachia (Linnaeus 1758) LD09
  Pungitius K02
    |--P. hexacanthus (Schtylko 1934) P93
    |--P. kaibarae (Tanaka 1915) I92
    |--P. pungitius K02
    |    |--P. p. pungitius K02
    |    `--P. p. occidentalis (Cuvier 1829) K02
    |--P. sinensis K02
    `--P. tymensis (Nikolsky 1889) I92 [=P. pungitius tymensis T90]
  Protosyngnathus sumatrensis von der Marck 1876 P93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL87] Bell, M. A., & P. Legendre. 1987. Multicharacter chronological clustering in a sequence of fossil sticklebacks. Systematic Zoology 36 (1): 52–61.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[K02] Krueger, W. H. 2002. Sticklebacks. Family Gasterosteidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 312–321. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.

[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.

[T90] Taguchi, S. 1990. Nihon no Sakana. Kogakukan: Tokyo.

[USDI77] United States Department of the Interior. 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.

Abyssocottidae

Female Asprocottus korjakovi, copyright V. G. Sideleva.

Belongs within: Cottoidea.

The Abyssocottidae is a group of sculpins endemic to Lake Baikal, many of which live in deep water and exhibit associated adaptations such as reduced scalation and a lateral line of exposed neuromasts.

See also: The sculpins of Baikal.

Abyssocottidae [Cottocomephoridae, Cottocomephorinae]
     |--+--Leocottus kesslerii [=Cottus kesslerii] KKV03
     |  `--Cottocomephorus KKV03
     |       |--C. alexandrae KKV03
     |       |--C. grewingkii KKV03
     |       `--C. inermis KKV03
     |--+--Paracottus knerii KKV03
     |  `--Procottus KKV03
     |       |--P. gotoi KKV03
     |       |--P. gurwici KKV03
     |       |--P. jeittelesii KKV03
     |       `--P. major KKV03
     `--+--Comephorus Lacepède 1800 KKV03, B78 [=Comophorus Agassiz 1846 B78; Comephoridae]
        |    |--C. baicalensis KKV03
        |    `--C. dybowski KKV03
        `--Abyssocottinae KKV03
             |  i. s.: Neocottus KKV03
             |           |--N. thermalis KKV03
             |           `--N. werestschagini KKV03
             |--Cyphocottus KKV03
             |    |--C. eurystomus KKV03
             |    `--C. megalops KKV03
             `--+--+--‘Abyssocottus’ gibbosus KKV03
                |  `--+--Batrachocottus KKV03
                |     |    |--B. baicalensis KKV03
                |     |    |--B. multiradiatus KKV03
                |     |    |--B. nikolskii KKV03
                |     |    `--B. talievi KKV03
                |     `--Limnocottus KKV03
                |          |--+--L. bergianus KKV03
                |          |  `--L. pallidus KKV03
                |          `--+--L. godlewskii KKV03
                |             `--L. griseus KKV03
                `--+--+--Cottinella boulengeri KKV03
                   |  `--Abyssocottus KKV03
                   |       |--A. elochini KKV03
                   |       `--A. korotneffi KKV03
                   `--Asprocottus KKV03
                        |  i. s.: A. abyssalis KKV03
                        |         A. parmiferus KKV03
                        |--+--A. herzensteini KKV03
                        |  `--A. platycephalus KKV03
                        `--+--A. korjakovi KKV03
                           |    |--A. k. korjakovi KKV03
                           |    `--A. k. minor KKV03
                           `--A. pulcher KKV03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B78] Britton, E. B. 1978. A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) vol. 2. Tribe Melolonthini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 60: 1–150.

[KKV03] Kontula, T., S. V. Kirilchik & R. Väinölä. 2003. Endemic diversification of the monophyletic cottoid fish species flock in Lake Baikal explored with mtDNA sequencing. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27: 143–155.