Neritidae

Neritoplica trochispira, from Bandel & Kiel (2003).

Belongs within: Neritoidea.
Contains: Nerita.

The Neritidae are marine gastropods characterised by a shell with dissolved inner whorls and radula with large, smooth, mineralised lateral teeth with a cutting and scraping edge (Bandel 2001).

Neritidae [Neritae, Neritinia]
    |--Velates Montfort 1810 [Velatinae] BR05
    |    |--V. schmiedelianus Chemnitz 1886 B01 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--V. balkanicus Bontscheff 1897 B01
    |    |--V. californicus Vokes 1935 B01
    |    |--V. noetlingi Cossmann & Pisarro 1909 B01
    |    |--V. perversus (Gmelin 1791) KC60 [=Nerita perversa B01]
    |    `--V. vizcainoensis Cushing-Woods & Saul 1986 B01
    |--Smaragdiinae [Smaragdiidae, Smaragdinae] BR05
    |    |--Tanzaniella Lupu 1979 B01
    |    |    `--*T. souverbiana (Montrozier 1883) B01 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--Neodesmieria Magne & Vergneau-Saubade 1974 B01
    |    |    `--*N. sanctistephani (Cossmann & Peyrot 1917) [=Nerita sanctistephani] B01
    |    |--Magadis Melvill & Standen 1899 KC60
    |    |    `--*M. eumerintha Melvill & Standen 1899 KC60
    |    `--Smaragdia Issel 1869 BR05 [=Gaillardotia Bourguignat 1877 KC60]
    |         |  i. s.: ‘Neritina’ expansa Reuss 1856 B01
    |         |--*S. (Smaragdia) viridis (Linnaeus 1758) B01 [=Nerita viridis KC60, *Gaillardotia viridis KC60]
    |         |    |--S. v. viridis WE63
    |         |    `--S. v. viridemaris WE63
    |         |--S. (Smaragdella Baker 1923) KC60
    |         |    `--S. (*S.) hellvillensis (Crosse 1881) [=Neritina hellvillensis] KC60
    |         `--S. (Smaragdista Iredale 1936) KC60
    |              `--S. (*S.) tragena (Iredale 1936) [=*Smaragdista tragena] KC60
    `--Neritinae [Protoneritidae] BR05
         |--Nerita BR05
         |--Protonerita Kittl 1894 BR05
         |    `--*P. calcitica Kittl 1894 BR17 [=Neritaria calcitica TE01]
         |--Semineritina Cossmann 1925 [=Seminerita Wenz 1938] B01
         |    `--*S. mammaria (Lamarck 1804) B01 [=Nerita mammaria KC60]
         |--Bathynerita Clarke 1989 B01
         |    `--*B. naticoidea Clarke 1989 B01
         |--Cryptonerita Kittl 1894 [=Cryptonatica (l. c.) non Dall 1892] KC60
         |    `--*C. elliptica Kittle 1894 KC60
         |--Trochonerita Cossmann 1907 KC60
         |    `--*T. mammaeformis (d’Orbigny 1850) [=Nerita mammaeformis] KC60
         |--Tournouerella Munier-Chalmas 1887 [=Tournoueria Munier-Chalmas 1884 non Brusina 1870] KC60
         |    `--*T. matheroni (Munier-Chalmas 1884) [=*Tournoueria matheroni] KC60
         |--Trachynerita Kittl 1894 B01
         |    |--*T. fornoensis Kittl 1894 TE01
         |    |--T. depressa KC60
         |    `--T. quadrata (Stoppani 1858) [=Turbo quadrata] KC60
         |--Mesoneritina Yen 1946 B01
         |    |--*M. nebrascensis (Meek & Hayden 1862) B01 [=Neritella nebrascensis BK03]
         |    |--M. ajkaensis Bandel & Kiel 2003 BK03
         |    |--M. liasina G88
         |    |--M. morrisonensis G88
         |    `--M. subhercynica (Mertin 1939) BK03
         |--Neritoma Morris 1849 KC60
         |    |  i. s.: N. nuda B01
         |    |         N. woodfordi Allison 1955 B01
         |    |--*N. (Neritoma) sinuosa (Sowerby 1818) B01 [=Nerita sinuosa KC60]
         |    `--N. (Staffinia Anderson & Cox 1948) KC60
         |         `--N. (*S.) staffinensis (Forbes 1851) [=Neritina staffinensis] KC60
         |--Lyosoma White 1880 KC60, B01
         |    |--*L. powelli White 1876 B01
         |    |--‘Nerita’ costifera B01
         |    |--‘Nerita’ costulata Deshayes 1838 B01
         |    |--‘Nerita’ pseudocostata Orbigny 1849 B01
         |    `--‘Nerita’ subrugosa Hudleston 1894 B01
         |--Puperita Gray 1857 B01
         |    |--*P. pupa (Linné 1767) B01 [=Nerita pupa KC60, Neritina pupa B01]
         |    |--P. bensoni (Récluz 1850) B01
         |    |--P. japonica B01
         |    |--P. tristis (Orbigny 1842) B01
         |    `--P. vincta Usticke 1969 BC01
         `--Neritoplica Oppenheim 1892 KC60 [incl. Bajanerita Squires 1993 BK03]
              |--*N. uniplicata (Sowerby 1823) BK03 (see below for synonymy)
              |--N. dockeryi Bandel & Kiel 2003 BK03
              |--N. loganensis (Erickson 1974) [=Neritina loganensis] BK03
              |--N. matheroni Oppenheim 1895 BK03
              |--N. oppenheimi Bandel & Kiel 2003 BK03
              |--N. pisum (Meek 1873) BK03
              |--N. subornata (Orbigny 1850) B01
              `--N. trochispira Bandel & Kiel 2003 BK03

Neritidae incertae sedis:
  Agapilia Harzhauser & Kowalke 2001 GK02, B01
    `--*A. picta (Férussac 1825) [=Nerita picta, Neritina picta] B01
  Tomostoma Deshayes 1823 B01 [incl. Calana Gray 1847 KC60]
    |--*T. neritoides (Deshayes 1823) B01 [=Pileolus neritoides KC60]
    `--T. dudariensis (Strausz 1966) [=Pileolus (Tomostoma) dudariensis] B01
  Neritoptyx Oppenheim 1892 BK03
    |--*N. goldfussi (Keferstein 1829) [=Nerita goldfussi, Neritopsis goldfussi] BK03
    |--N. renauxiana (d’Orbigny 1842) BK03
    `--N. reticulirata (Dockery 1993) [=Nerita reticulirata] BK03
  Schwardtina Bandel & Riedel 1994 BK03
    `--*S. cretacea (Tausch 1886) [=Helix cretacea] B01

*Neritoplica uniplicata (Sowerby 1823) BK03 [=Neritina uniplicata BK03; incl. Nerita globosa Ferussac 1823 KC60, Neritina globulus Deshayes 1824 BK03, Neritoplica globulus B01]

*Tanzaniella souverbiana (Montrozier 1883) B01 [=Neritina souverbiana B01; incl. N. (Vitta) pulcherrima Angas 1871 PB27]

Velates schmiedelianus Chemnitz 1886 B01 [=Neritina schmiedeliana B01; incl. *V. conoideus Montfort 1810 BR17, N. conoidea B01]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B01] Bandel, K. 2001. The history of Theodoxus and Neritina connected with description and systematic evaluation of related Neritimorpha (Gastropoda). Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institutes der Universität Hamburg 85: 65–164.

[BK03] Bandel, K., & S. Kiel. 2003. Relationships of Cretaceous Neritimorpha (Gastropoda, Mollusca), with the description of seven new species. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey 78 (1): 53–65.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[GK02] Gründel, J., & T. Kowalke. 2002. Palaeorissoinidae, a new family of marine and brackish water Rissooidea (Gastropoda, Littorinimorpha). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 226 (1): 43–57.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[TE01] Tong, J., & D. H. Erwin. 2001. Triassic gastropods of the southern Qinling Mountains, China. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 92: 1–47.

[WE63] Warmke, G. L., & D. S. Erdman. 1963. Records of marine mollusks eaten by bonefish in Puerto Rican waters. Nautilus 76 (4): 115–120.

Hydrobiinae

Laver spire shells Hydrobia ulvae, copyright G.-U. Tolkiehn.

Belongs within: Truncatelloidea.

The Hydrobiinae are a group of minute snails that are mostly found in brackish or marginal marine environments around the North Atlantic.

See also: The Hydrobiinae: North Atlantic mud-snails.

<==Hydrobiinae
    |--Pyrgorientalia Radoman 1973 [Pyrgorientaliinae] BR05
    |    `--*P. zilchi (Schütt 1964) [=Chilopyrgula zilchi] BR17
    |--Pseudocaspia Starobogatov 1972 [Pseudocaspiidae] BR05
    |    |--*P. issykkulensis (Clessin 1894) [=Caspia issykkulensis] BR17
    |    |--P. kainarensis Starobogatov 1972 BV86
    |    |--P. ljovuschkini Starobogatov 1972 BV86
    |    `--P. starostini Starobogatov 1972 BV86
    `--Hydrobia Hartmann 1821 BR05
         |--*H. acuta (Draparnaud 1805) KC60 (see below for synonymy)
         |--H. accrensis Connolly 1929 V07
         |--H. ameghini O05
         |--H. balatonica B91
         |--H. chopardiana (de Loriol 1865) [=Bithinia chopardiana] B91
         |--H. compacta C64
         |--H. gondwanica Cox 1953 TTE93
         |--H. parchappi O05
         |--H. stagnalis B91
         |--H. truncata DPS84
         |--H. ulvae (Pennant 1777) BM88 [incl. H. ulvae var. barleei N79]
         |--H. ventrosa [incl. Paludestrina stagnalis] B68
         `--H. zhichengensis NG13

*Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud 1805) KC60 [=Cyclostoma acutum KC60, Bulimus (Elisma) acutus G40, Helix acuta PB27, Paludestrina acuta PB27; incl. Bulimus articulatus G40, Helix bifasciata G40, Elisma fasciata G40, Bulimus fasciatus G40, Lymnaea fasciata G40, Turbo fasciatus G40, Bulimus variabilis G40]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B91] Bandel, K. 1991. Gastropods from brackish and fresh water of the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition (a systematic reevaluation). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe A 134: 9–55.

[B68] Bernard, F. R. 1968. Sexual dimorphism in Polinices lewisi (Naticidae). Nautilus 82 (1): 1–3.

[BM88] Bieler, R., & P. M. Mikkelsen. 1988. Anatomy and reproductive biology of two western Atlantic species of Vitrinellidae, with a case of protandrous hermaphroditism in the Rissoacea. Nautilus 102 (1): 1–29.

[BV86] Bole, J., & F. Velkovrh. 1986. Mollusca from continental subterranean aquatic habitats. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 177–208. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[DPS84] Davis, G. M., & M. C. Pons da Silva. 1984. Potamolithus: morphology, convergence, and relationships among hydrobioid snails. Malacologia 25 (1): 73–108.

[G40] Gray, J. E. 1840. A Manual of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of the British Islands, with figures of each of the kinds. By William Turton, M.D. A new edition, thoroughly revised and much enlarged. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans: London.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[NG13] Ni, X., D. L. Gebo, M. Dagosto, J. Meng, P. Tafforeau, J. J. Flynn & K. C. Beard. 2013. The oldest known primate skeleton and early haplorhine evolution. Nature 498: 60-64.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[O05] Outes, F. F. 1905. Sobre un instrumento paleolítico de Luján (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 169–173.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

[V07] Verdcourt, B. 2007. Miscellaneous notes on tropical African non-marine Mollusca. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 99: 189–197.

Acochlidimorpha

Unela remanei, from Arnaud et al. (1986). Length = 3 mm.

Belongs within: Heterobranchia.

The Acochlidimorpha are a group of small, mostly aquatic slugs that usually bear a large visceral hump projecting freely from the headfoot.

<==Acochlidimorpha (see below for synonymy)
    |--Acochlidioidea [Strubellioidea, Strubellioidei] BR17
    |    |--Pseudunela Salvini-Plawen 1973 [Pseudunelidae, Pseudunelloidea] BR05
    |    |    `--*P. cornuta (Challis 1970) [=Microhedyle cornuta] BR17
    |    |--Aiteng Swennen & Buatip 2009 [Aitengidae] BR17
    |    |    `--*A. ater Swennen & Buatip 2009 BR17
    |    |--Bathyhedyle Neusser, Jörger et al. 2016 [Bathyhedylidae] BR17
    |    |    `--*B. boucheti Neusser, Jörger et al. 2016 BR17
    |    |--Hedylopsis Thiele 1931 BR05 [Hedylopsidae BR17, Hedylopsinae]
    |    |    `--*H. spiculifera (Kowalewsky 1901) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--Tantulum Rankin 1979 BR05 [Pharyngoneura, Tantulidae BR17, Tantuloidea]
    |    |    `--*T. elegans Rankin 1979 BR17
    |    `--Acochlidiidae BR17
    |         |--Acochlidium Strubell 1892 [Acochlidiinae] BR05
    |         |    `--*A. amboinense Strubell 1892 BR17
    |         |--Palliohedyle Rankin 1979 BR17, BR05 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |    `--*P. weberi (Bergh 1895) [=*Hedyle weberi] BR17
    |         `--Strubellia Odhner 1937 BR17, BR05 [Strubelliidae]
    |              `--*S. paradoxa (Strubell 1892) [=Acochlidium paradoxum] BR17
    `--Parhedyloidea BR17
         |--Asperspinidae BR17
         |    |--Minicheviella Starobogatov 1983 BR17, BR05 [Minicheviellidae, Minichevielloidea]
         |    |    `--*M. murmanica (Kudinskaja & Minichev 1978) [=Hedylopsis murmanica] BR17
         |    `--Asperspina Rankin 1979 BR05
         |         |--*A. brambelli (Swedmark 1968) [=Hedylopsis brambelli] BR17
         |         |--A. loricata (Swedmark 1968) APS-P86
         |         |--A. murmanica (Kudinskaja & Minichev 1978) APS-P86
         |         |--A. rhopalotecta (Salvini-Plawen 1973) APS-P86
         |         `--A. riseri (Morse 1976) APS-P86
         `--Parhedylidae [Avelariacea, Ganitidae, Ganitoidea, Microhedylidae, Microhedylinae, Velariacea] BR05
              |--Parhedyle Thiele 1931 [Parhedylinae] BR05
              |    `--*P. tyrtowii (Kowalewsky 1901) BR17 [=Hedyle tyrtowii BR17, Microhedyle tyrtowii APS-P86]
              |--Sabulincola Rankin 1979 [Sabulincolidae] BR05
              |    `--*S. odhneri (Marcus & Marcus 1955) [=Unela odhneri] BR17
              |--Ganitus Marcus 1953 BR17, BR05
              |    `--*G. evelinae Marcus 1953 BR17
              |--Paraganitus Challis 1968 APS-P86
              |    `--P. ellynnae Challis 1968 APS-P86
              |--Livorniella Rankin 1979 BR17, BR05 [Livorniellidae, Livornielloidea, Visceroneura]
              |    `--*L. glomerans (Salvini-Plawen 1973) [=Microhedyle glomerans] BR17
              |--Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov 1972 BR05 (see below for synonymy)
              |    |--*P. milaschewitchii (Kowalewsky 1901) [=Hedyle milaschewitchii, *Mancohedyle milaschewitchii] BR17
              |    |--P. brasilensis (Rankin 1979) APS-P86
              |    `--P. verrucosa (Challis 1970) APS-P86
              |--Microhedyle Hertling 1930 BR05
              |    |--*M. lactea Hertling 1930 BR17
              |    |--M. cryptophthalma Westheide & Wawra 1974 APS-P86
              |    |--M. gerlachi Marcus & Marcus 1959 APS-P86
              |    `--M. milaschewitchii M62
              `--Unela Marcus 1953 [Unelidae] BR05
                   |--*U. remanei Marcus 1953 BR17
                   |--U. glandulifera (Kowalevsky 1901) APS-P86
                   |--U. glomerans (Salvini-Plawen 1973) APS-P86
                   |--U. nahatensis Doe 1974 APS-P86
                   `--U. neapolitana (Rankin 1979) [=Stellaspina neapolitana] APS-P86

Nomina nuda: Microhedyle fundensis Rankin in Arnaud, Poizat & Salvini-Plawen 1986 APS-P86
             Pseudunela eirenei Wawra in Arnaud, Poizat & Salvini-Plawen 1986 APS-P86

Acochlidimorpha [Acochlidiacea, Acochlidiida, Acochlidiomorpha, Cerebroneura, Euacochlidiacea, Euacochlidioidea, Hedylopsoidea, Hedylopsoidei, Microhedylacea, Pedoneura]

*Hedylopsis spiculifera (Kowalewsky 1901) BR17 [=Hedyle spiculifera BR17; incl. Hedylopsis suecica Odhner 1937 APS-P86]

Palliohedyle Rankin 1979 BR17, BR05 [=Hedyle Bergh 1895 nec Guenée 1857 nec Malmgren 1865 BR05; Hedylinae, Palliohedylidae, Palliohedyloidea, Palliohedyloidei]

Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov 1972 [incl. Mancohedyle Rankin 1979 APS-P86, BR05; Mancohedylidae, Pontohedylidae]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[APS-P86] Arnaud, P. M., Cl. Poizat & L. v. Salvini-Plawen. 1986. Marine-interstitial Gastropoda (including one freshwater interstitial species).  In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 153–176. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

Cingula

Cingula katherinae, copyright Yolanda Villacampa.

Belongs within: Rissooidea.

Cingula is a genus of minute marine gastropods with a conical shell found in the North Pacific and North Atlantic (Oldroyd 1927).

Characters (from Oldroyd 1927): Shell minute, white or horny; conical, pointed, many-whorled; smooth or cancellated; aperture rounded; peristome entire, continuous; outer lip slightly expanded and thickened; operculum sub-spiral.

<==Cingula Fleming 1818 [Cingulinae] BR05
    |--*C. (Cingula) cingillus (Montagu 1803) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    `--C. (Nodulus Monterosato 1878) O27
         |--C. (N.) asser Bartsch 1919 O27
         |--C. (N.) cerinella (Dall 1886) [=Onoba cerinella] O27
         |--C. (N.) kelseyi (Bartsch 1919) [=Nodulus kelseyi] O27
         |--C. (N.) kyskensis Bartsch 1911 O27
         `--C. (N.) palmeri Dall 1919 O27

Cingula incertae sedis:
  C. alaskana Bartsch 1912 O27
  C. aleutica Dall 1886 O27
  C. arenaria Mighels & Adams 1842 J49
  C. californica Tryon 1865 O27
  C. carinata Mighels & Adams 1842 J49
  C. interrupta CS77
  C. katherinae Bartsch 1912 O27
  C. latior Mighels & Adams 1842 J49
  C. martyni Dall 1886 [=C. robusta martyni] O27
    |--C. m. martyni O27
    `--C. m. scipio Dall 1886 [=C. robusta scipio] O27
  C. minuta C64
  C. montereyensis Bartsch 1912 O27
  C. orvieta Dall 1919 O27

Nomen nudum: Cingula candida Mighels 1841 J49

*Cingula (Cingula) cingillus (Montagu 1803) BR17 [=Turbo cingillus BR17, Rissoa cingillus O27; incl. R. cingillus var. ruprestris J79]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[J79] Jeffreys, J. G. 1879. Notes on Colonel Montagu's collection of British shells. Journal of Conchology 2: 1–4.

[J49] Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 1 (14): 213–231.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

Pyrene

Yellow dove shell Pyrene flava, copyright H. Zell.

Belongs within: Columbellidae.

Pyrene is a genus of dove snails bearing a biconical shell with a strong spiral subsutural cord on early whorls and a crenulated interior on the outer lip.

<==Pyrene Röding 1798 BR05
    |--*P. rhombiferum Röding 1798 BR17
    |--P. abyssicola (Brazier 1877) [=Columbella abyssicola] H09
    |--P. atkinsoni (Ten.-Woods 1876) [=Mangelia atkinsoni] H09
    |--P. clathrata (Brazier 1877) [=Columbella clathrata] H09
    |--P. conspersa (Gaskoin 1852) [=Columbella conspersa] H09
    |--P. contaminata (Gaskoin 1852) [=Columbella contaminata] H09
    |--P. cumingii (Reeve 1859) [=Columbella cumingii] H09
    |--P. darwini (Angas 1877) [=Columbella darwini] H09
    |--P. digglesi (Brazier 1875) H09 [=Columbella (Anachis) digglesi H09, B79]
    |--P. duclosiana (Sowerby 1844) [=Columbella duclosiana] H09
    |--P. essingtonensis (Reeve 1859) [=Columbella essingtonensis] H09
    |--P. flava (Bruguière 1789) [=Buccinum flavum] H09
    |--P. fulgurans (Lamarck 1822) [=Columbella fulgurans] H09
    |--P. galaxias (Reeve 1859) [=Columbella galaxias] H09
    |--P. gowllandi (Brazier 1875) [=Columbella gowllandi] H09
    |--P. intexta (Gaskoin 1852) [=Columbella intexta] H09
    |--P. laeta (Brazier 1877) [=Columbella laeta] H09
    |--P. lurida Hedley 1907 H09
    |--P. ‘melvilli’ (Hedley 1899) [=Columbella melvilli non C. melvillei Strebel 1905] H09
    |--P. merita (Brazier 1877) [=Columbella merita] H09
    |--P. moleculina (Duclos 1840) [=Columbella moleculina] H09
    |--P. nivosa (Reeve 1859) [=Columbella nivosa] H09
    |--P. pardalina (Lamarck 1822) [=Buccinum pardalinum] H09
    |--P. parvula Viader 1951 L96
    |--P. peasei (v. Mart. & Langk. 1871) [=Columbella peasei] H09
    |--P. perparvula Viader 1951 L96
    |--P. plicaria (Montrouzier 1862) [=Columbella plicaria] H09
    |--P. plurisulcata (Reeve 1859) (see below for synonymy) H08
    |--P. pudica (Brazier 1877) [=Columbella pudica] H09
    |--P. punctata (Bruguiere 1789) BW09
    |--P. rosacea CS77
    |--P. roseotincta (Hervier 1899) [=Columbella roseotincta] H09
    |--P. russelli (Brazier 1875) [=Columbella russelli] H09
    |--P. semiconvexa (Lamarck 1822) [=Buccinum semiconvexum] H09
    |--P. troglodytes (Souverbie 1866) [=Columbella troglodytes] H09
    `--P. versicolor (Sowerby 1832) [=Columbella versicolor] H09

Pyrene plurisulcata (Reeve 1859) [=Columbella plurisulcata; incl. Aesopus filosus Angas 1867, A. filamentosus (l. c.), Columbella filosa non Dujardin 1837] H08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[B79] Brazier, J. 1879. List of marine shells collected on Fitzroy Island, north coast of Australia; with notes on their geographical range. Journal of Conchology 2: 186–199.

[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[H08] Hedley, C. 1908. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part X. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 456–489, pls 7–10.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[L96] Loch, I. 1996. Notice: R. Viader collection. Molluscan Research 17: 110.

Cellana

Variegated limpets Cellana tramoserica, copyright John Turnbull.

Belongs within: Patellogastropoda.

Cellana is a tropical Indo-Pacific genus of limpets with a solid, strongly ribbed shell (Knight et al. 1960).

Characters (from Knight et al. 1960): Shell fairly solid, apex subcentral; radial ribs strong; interior brilliantly glazed.

<==Cellana Adams 1869 P61 [incl. Bertinia Jousseaume 1883 BR05, Helcioniscus Dall 1871 KC60; Bertinidae, Bertiniidae]
    |--C. capensis (Gmelin 1791) NO04
    `--+--+--C. toreuma (Reeve 1854) NO04
       |  `--+--C. pricei Powell 1973 NO04
       |     `--C. taitensis (Röding 1798) NO04
       `--+--+--C. orientalis (Pilsbry 1891) NO04
          |  `--+--C. grata (Gould 1859) NO04
          |     `--C. nigrolineata (Reeve 1854) NO04 [incl. *Bertinia bertinia Jousseaume 1883 BR05]
          `--+--C. testudinaria (Linnaeus 1758) NO04
             `--+--C. solida (Blainville 1825) NO04
                `--C. tramoserica (Holten 1802) NO04

Cellana incertae sedis:
  *C. cernica (Adams 1869) [=Nacella cernica] KC60
  C. ampla Lindberg & Hickman 1986 TTE93
  C. denticulata (Martyn 1784) P61
  C. ornata (Dillwyn 1817) P61
  C. radians (Gmelin 1791) P61 [=Helcioniscus radians F27; incl. Patella decora F27]
    |--C. r. radians P61
    |--C. r. flava (Hutton 1873) P61
    `--C. r. perana Iredlae 1915 P61
  C. radiata (Born 1778) BD86
  C. stellifera (Gmelin 1791) P61
    |--C. s. stellifera P61
    `--C. s. phymatius (Suter 1905) P61
  C. strigilis (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841) P61
    |--C. s. strigilis P61
    |--C. s. bollonsi Powell 1955 P61
    |--C. s. chathamensis (Pilsbry 1891) P61
    |--C. s. flemingi Powell 1955 P61
    |--C. s. oliveri Powell 1955 P61
    `--C. s. redimiculum (Reeve 1854) P61
  ‘Helcioniscus’ variegatus H15

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD86] Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117–141.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H15] Hedley, C. 1915. Presidential address. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (1): 1–77, pls 1–7.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[NO04] Nakano, T., & T. Ozawa. 2004. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Molluscan Studies 70: 31–41.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Patelloida

Star limpet Patelloida saccharina, copyright H. Zell.

Belongs within: Lottiidae.

Patelloida is an Indo-Pacific genus of limpets bearing a radially ribbed shell with strong colour markings (Knight et al. 1960).

Patelloida Quoy & Gaimard 1834 [Patelloididae, Patelloidinae, Patelloidini] BR05
    |--+--P. pygmaea (Dunker 1860) NO04
    |  |    |--P. p. pygmaea NO04
    |  |    `--P. p. conulus (Dunker 1861) NO04
    |  `--P. striata (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) NO04
    `--+--P. latistrigata (Angas 1865) NO04
       `--+--P. saccharina (Linnaeus 1758) NO04
          |    |--P. s. saccharina NO04
          |    `--P. s. lanx (Reeve 1855) NO04
          `--P. saccharinoides (Habe & Kosuge 1996) NO04

Patelloida incertae sedis:
  *P. rugosa Quoy & Gaimard 1834 [=Acmaea (*Patelloida) rugosa] KC60
  P. alticostata Angas 1865 C46
    |--P. a. alticostata C46
    |--P. a. antelia Iredale 1924 C46
    `--P. a. complanata Iredale 1924 C46
  P. corticata (Hutton 1880) P61
    |--P. c. corticata P61
    |--P. c. corallina Oliver 1926 P61
    `--P. c. pseudocorticata (Iredale 1908) P61
  P. hamiltonensis Chapman & Gabriel 1923 C46
  P. mimula E96
  P. nigrosulcata Reeve 1855 WG71
  P. tenuistriata (Michelin 1838) TTE93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[C46] Cotton, B. C. 1946. Australian limpets of the family Lottiidae. South Australian Naturalist 23 (4): 14–16, pl.

[E96] Eertman, R. H. M. 1996. Comparative study on gill morphology of gastropods from Moreton Bay, Queensland. Molluscan Research 17: 3–20.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[NO04] Nakano, T., & T. Ozawa. 2004. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Molluscan Studies 70: 31–41.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

Micrelenchus

Micrelenchus sanguineus, copyright Natural History Museum Rotterdam.

Belongs within: Trochidae.

Micrelenchus is an Australasian genus of small top shells with a relatively low spire and the columellar fold evanescent or not apparent (Knight et al. 1960).

Micrelenchus Finlay 1926 DK08
    |  i. s.: M. dilatatus (Sowerby 1870) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |         M. huttoni (Smith 1876) P61 [=Cantharidus tenebrosus huttoni F27, M. tenebrosus huttoni F27]
    |         M. micans (Suter 1897) P61 [=Gibbula micans F27, Cantharidus micans F27]
    |         M. parcipictus Powell 1946 P61
    |         M. rufozonus (Adams 1853) P61 [=Cantharidus rufozonus F27]
    |         M. tenebrosus (Adams 1853) P61 [=Cantharidus tenebrosus F27]
    |--M. (Micrelenchus) P61
    |    |--*M. (M.) sanguineus (Gray 1843) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--M. s. sanguineus P61
    |    |    `--M. s. cryptus Powell 1946 P61
    |    `--M. (M.) caelatus (Hutton 1884) P61 [=Cantharidus coelatus F27, M. sanguineus coelatus F27]
    |         |--M. c. caelatus P61
    |         |--M. c. archibenthicola Dell 1956 P61
    |         |--M. c. bakeri Fleming 1948 P61
    |         |--M. c. elongatus (Suter 1897) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--M. c. morioria Powell 1933 P61
    |         `--M. c. mortenseni (Odhner 1924) P61 [=Gibbula mortenseni F27, M. sanguineus mortenseni F27]
    `--M. (Plumbelenchus Finlay 1926) DK08
         |--‘Cantharidus’ (*P.) capillaceus (Philippi 1848) P61 (see below for synonymy)
         |--M. (P.) armulatus Darragh & Kendrick 2000 DK08
         |--‘Cantharidus’ (P.) coruscans (Hedley 1916) P61 [=Photinula coruscans F27, Margarella coruscans F27]
         `--‘Cantharidus’ (P.) pruninus (Gould 1844) [=Trochus pruninus] KC60

Micrelenchus dilatatus (Sowerby 1870) P61 [=Cantharidus dilatatus F27; incl. Photinula suteri Smith 1894 F27, Gibbula suteri F27]

Micrelenchus (Micrelenchus) caelatus elongatus (Suter 1897) P61 [=Cantharidus sanguineus var. elongatus F27, M. sanguineus elongatus F27]

*Micrelenchus (Micrelenchus) sanguineus (Gray 1843) P61 [=Trochus sanguineus P61, Cantharidus (M.) sanguineus KC60; incl. C. oliveri Iredale 1915 F27, Micrelenchus oliveri P61]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DK08] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2008. Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (3): 217–246.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Cantharidus

Opal top shell Cantharidus opalus, copyright Svenja Heesch.

Belongs within: Trochidae.

Cantharidus is a western Pacific genus of trochids with a smooth, sharp-spired shell known from the Miocene to the present (Knight et al. 1960).

Characters (from Knight et al. 1960): Spire tapering, surface nearly smooth; columellar fold and tooth weak or absent.

Cantharidus Montfort 1810 BR05 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. (Cantharidus) P61
    |    |--C. (C.) opalus (Martyn 1784) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--C. o. opalus P61
    |    |    `--C. o. cannoni Powell 1933 P61
    |    `--C. (C.) purpureus (Gmelin 1791) P61
    |--C. (Iwakawatrochus Kuroda & Habe 1954) KC60
    |    `--C. (*I.) vittatus (Pilsbry 1903) [=Gibbula vittata] KC60
    `--C. (Levella Marwick 1943) KC60
         `--C. (*L.) tersa (Marwick 1943) [=*Levella tersa] KC60

Cantharidus incertae sedis:
  ‘Elenchus’ badius H08
  C. cingulatus (Adams 1863) [=Leiopyrga cingulata] H09
  C. crenelliferus (Adams 1853) H09 [=Thalotia crenellifera H09; incl. Trochus artensis Fischer 1878 H08]
  C. exasperatus PP64
  C. fenestratus Suter 1917 F27
  C. marginatus (Ten.-Woods 1880) [=Thalotia marginata] H09
  C. pulcherrimus M54
  C. purpuratus (Martyn 1784) [=C. (Cantharidus) purpuratus] F27
  C. pyrgos [incl. C. moniliger Adams 1853] H08
  C. ramburi M54
  C. strigatus (Adams 1853) (see below for synonymy) H08
  C. suturalis (Adams 1853) [=Thalotia suturalis] H09

Cantharidus Montfort 1810 BR05 [=Canthiridus (l. c.) BR05, Cantharidium Schaufuss 1869 KC60, Cantharis Férussac 1821 non Linnaeus 1758 KC60, Elenchus Swainson 1840 non Curtis 1831 KC60]

Cantharidus strigatus (Adams 1853) [=Thalotia strigata; incl. Trochus baudini Fischer 1878, Th. mundula Adams & Angas 1864] H08

Cantharidus (Cantharidus) opalus (Martyn 1784) P61 [=Limax opalus KC60; incl. Trochus iris Gmelin 1791 KC60, *Cantharidium iris KC60, *Cantharidus iris P61, *Elenchus iris KC60, E. splendidulus Swainson 1840 H08]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H08] Hedley, C. 1908. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part X. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 456–489, pls 7–10.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[M54] Macpherson, J. H. 1954. Molluscs (sea shells and snails). In: Willis, J. M. (ed.) The Archipelago of the Recherche pp. 55–63. Australian Geographical Society: Melbourne.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Zediloma

Zediloma digna, copyright Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Belongs within: Trochidae.

Zediloma is a New Zealand genus of trochids with a subglobose to conical, spirally sculpted shell.

Zediloma Finlay 1927 P61
    |--Z. (Zediloma) P61
    |    |--*Z. (Z.) digna Finlay 1927 P61
    |    `--Z. (Z.) arida Finlay 1927 P61 [=Diloma arida HS01]
    `--Z. (Fractarmilla Finlay 1927) P61
         |--Z. (*F.) corrosa (Adams 1853) P61 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--Z. c. corrosa P61
         |    `--Z. c. zebrina Powell 1946 P61
         |--Z. (F.) atrovirens (Philippi 1851) P61 [=Monodonta atrovirens F27, Diloma atrovirens CH97]
         |--Z. (F.) morio (Troschel 1851) [=Monodonta morio] F27
         |--‘Monodonta’ rudis [incl. M. melanoloma] F27
         |--‘Monodonta’ striolata [incl. M. concamerata] F27
         `--Z. (F.) subrostrata (Gray 1835) P61 [=Monodonta subrostrata F27, Diloma subrostrata HS01]

Zediloma (*Fractarmilla) corrosa (Adams 1853) P61 [=Labio corrosa P61, Diloma (*Fractarmilla) corrosa KC60, Monodonta corrosa F27; incl. Zediloma plumbea Hutton 1883 P61]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CH97] Castro, P., & M. E. Huber. 1997. Marine Biology 2^nd ed. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Margarella

Smooth pink snail Margarella violacea, copyright Gonzalo Bravo.

Belongs within: Vetigastropoda.

Margarella is a genus of small marine gastropods with a thin, globose, nearly smooth shell found around New Zealand and Antarctica (Knight et al. 1960).

<==Margarella Thiele 1893 P61 [=Margaritella Thiele in Troschel 1891 non Meek & Hayden 1860 KC60; Margarellinae]
    |  i. s.: M. antipoda (Hombron & Jaquinot 1854) P61 [incl. Chrysostoma rosea F27]
    |         M. fulminata (Hutton 1873) P61 [=Chrysostoma fulminata F27, Gibbula fulminata F27]
    |         M. hinemoa Powell 1955 P61
    |         M. macquariensis Hedley 1916 P61
    |         M. puysegurensis Powell 1939 P61
    |         M. rosea (Hutton 1873) [incl. M. decepta Iredale 1908] P61
    |         M. turneri Powell 1939 P61
    |--M. (Margarella) KC60
    |    |--*M. (M.) expansa (Sowerby 1838) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--M. (M.) violacea P61 [=Margarita violacea F27]
    |--M. (Promargarita Strebel 1908) KC60
    |    `--M. (*P.) tropidophoroides (Strebel 1908) [=Margarites tropidophoroides] KC60
    `--M. (Submargarita Strebel 1908) KC60
         `--M. (*S.) impervia (Strebel 1908) [=Margarites impervia] KC60

*Margarella (Margarella) expansa (Sowerby 1838) BR17 [=Margarita expansa BR17, *Margaritella expansa KC60, Trochus expansus KC60]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Skeneidae

Cirsonella consobrina, copyright Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Belongs within: Vetigastropoda.
Contains: Brookula (Brookula).

The Skeneidae are a group of small marine gastropods with a porcelaneous, usually widely umbilicate shell (Knight et al. 1960).

<==Skeneidae [Delphinoideinae, Skeneadae, Skeneinae]
    |--Morchia Adams 1860 F27a
    |--Dikoleps Höisaeter 1968 H92
    |--Tharsiella Bush 1897 [=Porcupinia Cossmann 1900 non Haeckel 1887, Porcupina (l. c.), Tharsis Jeffreys 1883] KC60
    |    `--*T. romettensis (Seguenza ex Granata 1877) (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |--Philorene Oliver 1915 KC60
    |    `--*P. texturata Oliver 1915 KC60
    |--Haplocochlias Carpenter 1864 KC60
    |    `--*H. cyclophoreus Carpenter 1864 KC60
    |--Dillwynella Dall 1889 KC60
    |    `--*D. modesta Dall 1889 KC60
    |--Kaawatina Bartrum & Powell 1928 KC60
    |    `--*K. turneri Bartrum & Powell 1928 KC60
    |--Leucorhynchia Crosse 1867 KC60
    |    `--*L. caledonica Crosse 1867 KC60
    |--Munditiella Kuroda & Habe 1954 KC60
    |    `--*M. ammonoceras (Adams 1863) [=Cyclostrema ammonoceras] KC60
    |--Norrisella Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    `--*N. pygmaea (Deshayes 1863) [=Turbo pygmaea] KC60
    |--Pakistania Eames 1952 KC60
    |    `--*P. antirotata Eames 1952 KC60
    |--Pondorbis Bartsch 1915 KC60
    |    `--*P. alfredensis Bartsch 1915 KC60
    |--Pygmaerota Habe 1958 KC60
    |    `--*P. duplicata (Lischke 1872) [=Cyclostrema duplicatum] KC60
    |--Rhodinoliotia Tomlin & Shackleford 1915 KC60
    |    `--*R. roseotincta (Smith 1871) [=Cyclostrema roseotinctum] KC60
    |--Tiburnus deGregorio 1890 (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |    `--T. eborea (Conrad 1833) [=Natica eborea; incl. Turbo naticoides Lea 1833, *Tiburnus naticoides] KC60
    |--Delphinoidea Brown 1827 BR17 [=Delphionoidea Brown 1844 KC60]
    |    `--*D. unispiralis (Montagu 1803) [=Helix unispiralis] BR17
    |--Lophocochlias Pilsbry 1921 KC60 [incl. Aqabarella Alhejoj, Bandel & Al-Najjar 2016 (n. n.) BR17; Aqabarellidae]
    |    |--*L. minutissimus (Pilsbry 1921) KC60 [=Haplocochlias minutissimus KC60; incl. Aqabarella pulchella BR17]
    |    `--L. procerus Rubio & Rolán 2015 [incl. *Aqabarella urdunensis Alhejoj, Bandel & Al-Najjar 2016 (n. n.) BR17
    |--Callomphala Adams & Angas 1864 F27a, BR05 [Callomphalidae]
    |    |--*C. lucida (Adams & Angas 1864) [=Neritula lucida] BR17
    |    `--C. globosa Hedley 1901 H09
    |--Leptogyra Bush 1897 KC60
    |    |--*L. verrilli Bush 1897 KC60
    |    `--L. alaskana Bartsch 1910 O27
    |--Dolicrossea Iredale 1924 [=Doliocrossea (l. c.)] KC60
    |    |--*D. labiata (Tenison-Woods 1876) KC60 [=Crossea labiata P61]
    |    `--D. vesca Finlay 1927 P61
    |--Conjectura Finlay 1927 KC60
    |    |--*C. glabella (Murdoch 1905) [=Crossea glabella] P61
    |    |--C. atypica Powell 1937 P61
    |    `--C. carinata Powell 1940 P61
    |--Parviturbo Pilsbry & McGinty 1945 MASC88
    |    |--*P. rehderi Pilsbry & McGinty 1945 KC60
    |    |--P. insularis Rolán 1988 BC01
    |    `--P. stearnsii (Dall 1918) PP78
    |--Daronia Adams 1861 KC60
    |    |--*D. (Daronia) spirula (Adams 1850) [=Cyclostrema spirula] KC60
    |    `--D. (Eudardonia Cotton 1945) KC60
    |         `--D. (*E.) taffaensis (Verco 1909) [=Cyclostrema taffaensis] KC60
    |--Tubiola Adams 1863 KC60
    |    |--*T. (Tubiola) nivea (Gmelin 1791) [=Turbo niveus] KC60
    |    `--T. (Partubiola Iredale 1936) KC60
    |         `--T. (*P.) blancha (Iredale 1936) [=*Partubiola blancha] KC60
    |--Lissotestella Powell 1946 KC60
    |    |--*L. tenuilirata (Powell 1931) [=Lissotesta tenuilirata] P61
    |    |--L. cookiana Dell 1956 P61
    |    |--L. rissoaformis (Powell 1931) P61
    |    `--L. tryphenensis (Powell 1931) P61
    |--Lodderena Iredale 1924 KC60
    |    |--*L. minima (Tenison-Woods 1878) KC60 [=Liotia minima P61]
    |    |--L. formosa Powell 1930 P61
    |    `--L. nana Powell 1930 P61
    |         |--L. n. nana P61
    |         `--L. n. pooki Fleming 1940 P61
    |--Lodderia Tate 1899 [incl. Cyclostremella Tate 1898 non Bush 1897] KC60
    |    |--*L. lodderae (Petterd 1884) KC60 [=Liotia lodderae P61]
    |    |--L. eumorpha (Suter 1908) P61 [=Cyclostrema eumorpha F27a, Elachorbis eumorpha F27a]
    |    |    |--L. e. eumorpha P61
    |    |    `--L. e. cookiana (Dell 1952) P61
    |    `--L. waitemata Powell 1940 P61
    |--Ganesa Jeffreys 1883 KC60
    |    |--*G. (Ganesa) pruinosa Jeffreys 1883 KC60
    |    |--G. (Granigyra Dall 1889) KC60
    |    |    `--G. (*G.) limata (Dall 1889) [=Cyclostrema limatum] KC60
    |    `--G. (Lissospira Bush 1897) KC60
    |         `--G. (*L.) proxima (Tryon 1888) [=Cyclostrema proximum] KC60
    |--Skenea Fleming 1825 BR05
    |    |--*S. serpuloides (Montagu 1808) [=Helix serpuloides, Delphinoidea serpuloides] KC60
    |    |--S. andersoni Janssen 1978 TTE93
    |    |--S. nitida [incl. S. laevis] J64
    |    |--S. planorbis N79
    |    |--S. radiostriata Janssen 1978 TTE93
    |    `--S. verreauxii C64
    |--Crossea Adams 1865 [=Crosseia Fischer 1885] KC60
    |    |--*C. miranda Adams 1865 KC60
    |    |--C. biconica Hedley 1902 H09
    |    |--C. gatliffi Hedley 1902 H09
    |    |--C. inverta Hedley 1907 H09
    |    |--C. minuta Petterd 1884 [=Fossarus minutus non Michaud 1827] F27b
    |    |--C. parvula Tenison-Woods 1879 F71
    |    `--C. striata Watson 1883 H09
    |--Liotella Iredale 1915 KC60
    |    |--*L. polypleura (Hedley 1904) P61 [=Liotia polypleura P61, Brookula (*Liotella) polypleura KC60]
    |    |--L. aupouria Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. incerta F27a
    |    |--L. indigens Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--L. mackenae Dell 1956 P61
    |    |--L. neozelanica (Suter 1908) F27a
    |    |--L. rotula (Suter 1908) P61
    |    `--L. rotuloides Powell 1937 P61
    |--Brookula Iredale 1912 S98 [incl. Vetulonia Dall 1913 KC60; Brookulidae]
    |    |--B. (Brookula) P61
    |    |--B. (Aequispirella Finlay 1924) P61
    |    |    |--B. (*A.) corulum (Hutton 1884) [=Scalaria corulum] P61
    |    |    |--B. (A.) enderbyensis Powell 1931 P61
    |    |    |--B. (A.) finlayi Powell 1933 P61
    |    |    |--B. (A.) iredalei Finlay 1924 F27a
    |    |    `--B. (A.) tenuilirata Finlay 1924 F27a
    |    `--B. (Liocarinia Laseron 1954) KC60
    |         `--B. (*L.) disjuncta (Hedley 1903) [=Liotia disjuncta] KC60
    |--Lissotesta Iredale 1915 KC60
    |    |--*L. micra (Tenison-Woods 1877) KC60 [=Cyclostrema micra P61]
    |    |--L. ambigua Dell 1956 P61
    |    |--L. aupouria Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. benthicola Powell 1927 P61
    |    |--L. bicarinata Powell 1940 P61
    |    |--L. caelata Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. conoidea Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. consobrina Powell 1940 P61
    |    |--L. decipiens Powell 1940 P61
    |    |--L. errata Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--L. exigua (Suter 1917) [=Lissospira exigua] F27a
    |    |--L. granum (Murdoch & Suter 1906) P61 [=Cirsonella granum F27a]
    |    |--L. oblata Powell 1940 P61
    |    `--L. otagoensis Dell 1956 P61
    `--Cirsonella Angas 1877 KC60
         |--*C. australis Angas 1877 P61
         |--C. accelerans Fleming 1948 P61
         |--C. consobrina Powell 1930 P61
         |--C. cubitale Hedley 1907 H09
         |--C. densilirata Suter 1908 P61
         |--C. laevis (Johnston 1880) [=Adeorbis laevis] F27b
         |--C. laxa Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. paradoxa Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. parvula Powell 1926 P61
         |--C. pisiformis Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. propelaxa Dell 1956 P61
         |--C. simplex Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. variecostata Powell 1940 P61
         |--C. waikukuensis Powell 1937 P61
         `--C. weldii (Tenison-Woods 1877) [=Cyclostrema weldii] H09

*Tharsiella romettensis (Seguenza ex Granata 1877) [=Oxystele romettensis, *Porcupinia romettensis, *Tharsis romettensis] KC60

Tiburnus deGregorio 1890 [incl. Platychilus Cossmann 1888 non Jakolev 1874, Simochilus Harris & Burrows 1891] KC60

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[H92] Herbert, D. G. 1992. Revision of the Umboniinae in southern Africa and Mozambique (Mollusca: Prosobranchia: Trochidae). Annals of the Natal Museum 33 (2): 379–459.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. Report of the committee appointed for exploring the coasts of Shetland by means of the dredge. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 70–81.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[MASC88] McLean, J. H., R. S. Absalão & R. L. dos Santos Cruz. 1988. A new species of Macrarene (Turbinidae: Liotiinae) from Brazil. Nautilus 102 (3): 99–101.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Colloniinae

Homalopoma sanguineum, copyright H. Zell.

Belongs within: Vetigastropoda.

The Colloniinae are a group of small gastropods characterised by a periumbilical cord (Monari et al. 1996).

Characters (from Monari et al. 1996): Phaneromphalous base with periumbilical cord, carina or ridge formed by small enlarged part of otherwise simple or slightly thickened peristome. Angulation on protoconch whorl and/or opisthocline lineation on teleoconch rarely appear. Operculum (where known) calcareous.

<==Colloniinae [Colloniini, Homalopomatinae, Homalopomatini] BR05
    |--Bakonyia Szabó 1981 MCS96
    |--Coanollonia Woodring 1928 KC60
    |    `--*C. ambla Woodring 1928 KC60
    |--Cyniscella Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    `--*C. cornupastoris (Lamarck 1804) [=Cyclostoma cornupastoris] KC60
    |--Gelasinostoma Gardner 1947 KC60
    |    `--*G. elegantulum (Dall 1892) [=Collonia elegantula] KC60
    |--Otomphalus Cossmann 1902 KC60
    |    `--*O. dumasi Cossmann 1902 KC60
    |--Anadema Adams & Adams 1854 KC60
    |    `--*A. caelata (Adams 1854) [=Omphalius caelata] KC60
    |--Leptocollonia Powell 1951 [incl. Cynisca Adams & Adams 1854 non Gray 1844] KC60
    |    `--*L. thielei Powell 1951 KC60
    |--Rangimata Marwick 1928 KC60
    |    `--*R. pervia Marwick 1928 KC60
    |--Tipua Marwick 1943 KC60
    |    `--*T. tricincta (Marshall 1919) [=Submargarita tricincta] KC60
    |--Vexinia Cossmann 1918 KC60
    |    `--*V. crassa (Baudon 1853) [=Delphinula crassa] KC60
    |--Otollonia Woodring 1928 KC60
    |    |--*O. siderea (Guppy 1896) [=Liotia siderea] KC60
    |    `--O. fricki (Crosse 1865) [=Arene (Otollonia) fricki] PP78
    |--‘Bothropoma’ Thiele 1924 non Wagner 1908 [Bothropomatinae] BR05
    |    |--*B. isseli Thiele 1924 BR17
    |    `--B. rubrostriatum Rolán, Rubio & Fernández-Garcés 1997 BC01
    |--Cantrainea Jeffreys 1883 [=Cantraineia Fischer 1885] KC60
    |    |--*C. peloritanum (Cantraine 1835) [=Turbo peloritanus, Homalopoma (*Cantrainea) peloritanum] KC60
    |    `--C. panamense (Dall 1908) H84
    |--Cirsochilus Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    |--*C. (Cirsochilus) striatum (Lamarck 1804) [=Delphinula striata] KC60
    |    `--C. (Claibornia Palmer 1937) KC60
    |         `--C. (*C.) lineatum (Lea 1933) [=Turbo lineata] KC60
    |--Charisma Hedley 1915 KC60
    |    |--*C. (Charisma) compacta Hedley 1915 KC60
    |    |--C. (Cavostella Laseron 1954) KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*C.) radians Laseron 1954 KC60
    |    `--C. (Cavotera Laseron 1954) KC60
    |         `--C. (*C.) simplex Laseron 1954 KC60
    |--Argalista Iredale 1915 KC60
    |    |--*A. fluctuata (Hutton 1883) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--A. crassicostata (Murdoch 1905) P61
    |    |--A. micans Powell 1931 P61
    |    |--A. nana Finlay 1930 P61
    |    |--A. rotella Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--A. umbilicata Powell 1926 P61
    |    `--A. variecostata Powell 1937 P61
    |--Collonia Gray 1850 BR05
    |    |--*C. (Collonia) marginata (Lamarck 1804) KC60 [=Delphinula marginata KC60, Turbo marginatus C64]
    |    |--C. (Bonnetella Cossmann 1908) [incl. Bonnetia Cossmann 1907 non Robineau-Desvoidy 1830] KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*B.) planispira (Cossmann 1907) [=Bonnetia planispira] KC60
    |    |--C. (Circulopsis Cossmann 1902) KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*C.) megalomphalus Cossmann 1902 KC60
    |    |--C. (Heniastoma Cossmann 1918) KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*H.) flammulata Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    `--C. (Parvirota Cossmann 1902) KC60
    |         `--C. (*P.) rotatoria (Deshayes 1863) [=Turbo rotatorius] KC60
    |--Leptothyra Pease 1869 KC60
    |    |--*L. costata Pease 1869 KC60
    |    |--L. bacula Carpenter 1864 O27
    |    |--L. carpenteri Pilsbry 1888 O27
    |    |--L. grippi Dall 1911 O27
    |    |--L. juanensis Dall 1919 O27
    |    |--L. laeta (Montrouzier 1863) [=Turbo laetus] H09
    |    |--L. lurida Dall 1885 O27
    |    |--L. morini Viader 1951 L96
    |    |--L. nanina (Souverbie 1864) [=Turbo naninus] H09
    |    `--L. paucicostata Dall 1871 O27
    |         |--L. p. paucicostata O27
    |         `--L. p. fenestrata Bartsch 1919 O27
    `--Homalopoma Carpenter 1864 BR05 [incl. Leptonyx Carpenter 1864 non Swainson 1833 KC60]
         |  i. s.: ‘Leptonyx’ bacula Carpenter 1864 C64
         |         H. carpenteri (Pilsbry 1888) H84
         |--*H. (Homalopoma) sanguineum (Linnaeus 1758) KC60 (see below for synonymy)
         |--H. (Boutillieria Cossmann 1888) [incl. Otaulax Cossmann 1888] KC60
         |    `--H. (*B.) eugeni (Deshayes 1863) [=Turbo eugeni] KC60
         |--H. (Collonista Iredale 1918) KC60
         |    `--H. (*C.) pictum (Pease 1868) KC60 [=Collonia picta KC60, *Collonista picta F27]
         |--H. (Eutinochilus Cossmann 1918) [=Homalochilus Cossmann 1892 non Fischer 1856] KC60
         |    `--H. (*E.) miliaris (Cossmann 1892) [=Collonia miliaris] KC60
         |--H. (Leptothyropsis Woodring 1928) KC60
         |    `--H. (*L.) philipianum (Dall 1889) [=Leptothyra philipiana] KC60
         `--H. (Phanerolepida Dall 1907) KC60
              `--H. (*P.) transenna (Watson 1879) [=Turbo transenna] KC60

*Argalista fluctuata (Hutton 1883) P61 [=Cyclostrema fluctuatum P61, Homalopoma (*Argalista) fluctuatum KC60; incl. Argalista fluctuata var. immaculata (Suter 1908) F27]

*Homalopoma (Homalopoma) sanguineum (Linnaeus 1758) KC60 [=Turbo sanguineus KC60, Leptonyx sanguineus C64; incl. T. coccineus C64]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[H84] Hickman, C. S. 1984. Implications of radular tooth-row functional integration for archaeogastropod systematics. Malacologia 25 (1): 143–160.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[L96] Loch, I. 1996. Notice: R. Viader collection. Molluscan Research 17: 110.

[MCS96] Monari, S., M. A. Conti & J. Szabó. 1996. Evolutionary systematics of Jurassic Trochoidea: the family Colloniidae and the subfamily Proconulidae. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 199–204. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.