Bulla

Bulla ampulla, copyright Erwin Köhler.

Belongs within: Cephalaspidea.

Bulla is a genus of relatively large bubble snails with a well-developed shell into which the animal is able to withdraw completely.

Characters (from Malaquias & Reid 2008): Shell ovoid, solid, mottled in drab colours. Spire involute. Aperture slightly longer than shell height. Cephalic shield produced antero-laterally, forming pair of siphon-like tentacles. Penis invaginable, formed by a long duct continuous with coiled prostate, ending in a narrow terminal blind caecum; all structures enclosed in thick muscular sheath, contiguous with a long tubular vestibular area; retractor muscle attached to proximal area of penial sheath. Anterior gonoduct slightly helicoid; fertilization chamber rounded, located at mid-length; seminal receptacle placed antero-ventrally, attached to wall of common genital duct. Rachidian tooth broad, denticulate, with central cusp usually smaller. Large gap between rachidian and laterals. Inner lateral claw-shaped, usually symmetrical with major central cusp and 3–4 lateral cusps on either side. Outer lateral with smooth vertical internal edge and denticulate convex outer edge with 4–10 cusps; base with denticle. Second outer lateral teeth reduced, plate-like. Gizzard plates uncalcified, smooth, with longitudinal keel.

<==Bulla Linnaeus 1758 [=Bullaria Rafinesque 1815, Vesica Swainson 1840] BR05
    |--*B. ampulla Linnaeus 1758 BR05 [=*Bullaria ampulla O27, *Vesica ampulla BR05]
    |--B. adamsi Menke 1850 [=Bullaria adamsi] H09
    |--B. ambigua Gmelin 1791 F27b
    |--B. ‘ambigua’ d’Orbigny 1842 non Gmelin 1791 F27b
    |--‘Bullaria’ australis F27a
    |--‘Bullaria’ botanica Hedley 1918 F27a
    |--B. elongata Phillips 1835 F27b
    |--‘Bullaria’ gouldiana Pilsbry 1893 O27
    |--B. incincta Mighels 1844 J49
    |--B. occulta Mighels & Adams 1842 J49
    |--B. pertenius Mighels 1843 J49
    |--B. punctostriata Mighels & Adams 1842 J49
    |--B. punctulata Adams 1850 [=Bullaria punctulata] H09
    |--‘Bullaria’ quoyana Dall 1919 [=Bulla quoyi Adams 1850 non Gray 1843] O27
    |--B. quoyi Gray 1843 [=Bullaria quoyi] F27a
    |--B. striata C60
    |--‘Bullaria’ tenuissima M54
    `--B. voluta Gmelin 1791 F27b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[C60] Cox, L. R. 1960. Gastropoda: general characteristics of Gastropoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I84–I169. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[J49] Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 1 (14): 213–231.

[M54] Macpherson, J. H. 1954. Molluscs (sea shells and snails). In: Willis, J. M. (ed.) The Archipelago of the Recherche pp. 55–63. Australian Geographical Society: Melbourne.

Malaquias, M. A. E., & D. G. Reid. 2008. Systematic revision of the living species of Bullidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a molecular phylogenetic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153 (3): 453–543.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. II pt I. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

Haminoeidae

Atys naucum, copyright Erwin Köhler.

Belongs within: Cephalaspidea.

The Haminoeidae are a group of bubble snails that primarily graze on algal tissue and/or diatoms; the shell may be partially or entirely covered by lateral outgrowths of the mantle. The shell may be thin and fragile as in the genus Haminoea, or relatively solid and thick as in Atys.

Characters (from Too et al. 2014): Shell usually thin, translucent, fragile, occasionally solid and thick; varying from bulloid to cylindrical-elongate; spiral grooves may be present at ends or covering entire shell. Mantle and other body parts usually dull and cryptically coloured, occasionally colourful or capable of changing colour to suit environment. Muscular buccal bulb present containing chitinous jaws and radula formed by variably-shaped central tooth plus hook-shaped lateral teeth. Fizzard present with three plates containing pointed rods.

<==Haminoeidae
    |--Liloa curta (Adams 1850) MG-H11
    |--Haminoea Turton 1830 [Hamineinae, Haminoeinae] BR05
    |    |--*H. hydatis [=Bulla hydatis] O27
    |    |--H. arthuri Finlay 1927 [=Bulla ambigua Adams 1850 nec Gmelin 1791 nec d’Orbigny 1842, H. ambigua] F27
    |    |--H. olgae Dall 1919 O27
    |    |--H. vesicula Gould 1855 O27
    |    |--H. virescens Sowerby 1833 O27
    |    `--H. zelandiae Gray 1843 P61
    `--Atys Montfort 1810 [Atydidae, Atydinae, Atydoidea] BR05
         |--*A. naucum (Linnaeus 1758) O27, BR05 [=Bulla naucum BR05]
         |--A. casta Carpenter 1864 O27
         |--A. cheverti Brazier 1877 H09
         |--A. cylindricus (Helbling 1779) BW09 [=Bulla cylindrica H09]
         |--A. darnleyensis Brazier 1877 H09
         |--A. debilis Pease 1860 H09
         |--A. decora (Brazier 1877) [=Haminea decora] H09
         |--A. extensa Finlay 1927 [=Bulla elongata Adams 1850 non Phillips 1835, Atys elongata] F27
         |--A. monodonta (Adams 1850) [=Bulla monodonta] H09
         |--A. nonscripta (Adams 1850) [=Bulla nonscripta] O27
         |--A. solida (Bruguière 1792) [=Bulla solida] H09
         `--A. tortuosa (Adams 1850) [=Bulla tortuosa] H09

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. II pt I. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Too, C. C., C. Carlson, P. J. Hoff & M. A. E. Malaquias. 2014. Diversity and systematics of Haminoeidae gastropods (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) in the tropical West Pacific Ocean: new data on the genera Aliculastrum, Atys, Diniatys and Liloa. Zootaxa 3794 (3): 355–392.