Dikelocephalacea

Cephalon and pygidium of Lorrettina depressa, from Shergold (1980).

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

The Dikelocephalacea are a group of medium-sized to large trilobites from the Cambrian period (Harrington et al. 1959).

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Exoskeleton opisthoparian, medium-sized to large, ellipsoidal in outline, heteropygous to subisopygous. Cephalon mostly semicircular, with more or less broadly tapering glabella bearing two or three pairs of lateral glabellar furrows, posterior areas commonly complete; frontal area transversely and sagittally broad, anterior border furrow shallow to obsolete; palpebral lobes prominent, eyes usually medium-sized; librigenae bearing medium to long genal spine. Thorax with thirteen or fewer segments. Pygidium broadly ovate to transverse, with interpleural and pleural furrows tending to curve conspicuously backward across broad border, some forms with pair of short posterolateral spines. Surface smooth to finely granulose.

<==Dikelocephalacea
    |--Prosaukia Ulrich & Resser 1933 S80
    |    `--*P. misa (Hall 1863) [=Dikelocephalus misa] S80
    |--Idahoiidae S80
    |    |--Idahoia S80
    |    `--Maladioidella Endo 1937 S80
    |         |--*M. splendens Endo in Endo & Resser 1937 S80
    |         |--M. chinchiaensis (Endo in Endo & Resser 1937) [=Crepicephalus chinchiaensis] S80
    |         `--M. doylei Shergold 1980 S80
    `--Dokimocephalidae S80
         |--Dokimocephalinae S80
         |    |--Acrocephalites Wallerius 1895 S80
         |    |--Burnetiella Lochman 1958 [=Burnetia Walcott 1924 (preocc.)] S80
         |    |--Dokimocephalus Walcott 1924 S80
         |    |--Iddingsia Walcott 1924 S80
         |    |--Apachia Frederickson 1949 S80
         |    |--Kindbladia Frederickson 1948 S80
         |    |--Pseudosaratogia Wilson 1951 S80
         |    `--Elkia Walcott 1924 S80
         |         `--E. nasuta [incl. Parabriscoia dolichorachis Kobayashi 1935] S80
         `--Wuhuiinae S80
              |--Protemnites Whitehouse 1939 S80
              |--Saimachia Kobayashi 1937 S80
              |    `--‘Anomocare’ latelimbatum Dames 1883 [incl. Saimachia damesi Kobayashi 1937] S80
              |--Prismenaspis Henderson 1976 S80
              |    `--*P. propinquum (Whitehouse 1939) [=Eugonocare propinquum] S80
              |--Wuhuia Kobayashi 1933 S80
              |    |--*W. belus (Walcott 1905) [=Solenopleura belus, Conocephalina belus] S80
              |    |--W. dryope (Walcott 1905) S80
              |    `--W. silex Shergold 1980 S80
              `--Lorettina Shergold 1972 S80
                   |--*L. macrops Shergold 1972 S80
                   |--L. depressa Shergold 1980 S80
                   |--L. licina Shergold 1980 S80
                   `--‘Pagodia’ mina Endo 1944 [=Wuhuia mina] S80

Dikelocephalacea incertae sedis:
  Atratebiinae S80
    |--Atratebia Shergold 1975 S80
    |    `--A. nexosa Shergold 1975 S80
    |--Mendosina Shergold 1975 S80
    |    `--M. laciniosa Shergold 1972 S80
    `--Taishania Sun 1935 S80
         |--*T. taianensis Sun 1935 [=Mansuyia endoi Resser 1942] S80
         |--‘Mansuyia’ maladiformis Kobayashi 1935 S80
         |--‘Anomocare’ persicum King 1930 S80
         |--T. platyfrons Shergold 1980 S80
         `--‘Elrathia’ yentaiensis Endo 1944 S80
  Briscoia S80
    |--B. hartti S80
    `--B. septentrionalis S80
  Tellerina S80
  Dikelocephalus florentinensis Etheridge 1904 F71

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170–O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics—Bulletin 186: 1-111.

Asaphacea

Norinia convexa in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. Copyright Daderot.

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

The Asaphacea are a group of trilobites known from the Upper Cambrian to the Upper Ordovician (Harrington et al. 1959).

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Thoracic segments usually 8 (occasionally 7). Eyes commonly more or less conical, short or moderate in length; eyes ridges present in a few genera, faint or scarcely discernible. Pygidium rounded or with one or two terminal spines.

<==Asaphacea
    |  i. s.: Megalaspides S80
    |         Notopeltis S80
    |         Megalaspidella S80
    |--Asaphiscidae S80
    |    |--Blountia S80
    |    `--Asaphiscus Meek 1872 W77
    |         `--A. wheeleri (Meek 1872) [=Bathyurellus (Asaphiscus) wheeleri] W77
    `--Asaphidae S80
         |  i. s.: Atopasaphus Shergold 1972 S80
         |           |--*A. petasatus Shergold 1972 S80
         |           `--A. stenocanthus Shergold 1975 S80
         |         Asaphus F71
         |           |  i. s.: A. kowalewskii FO99
         |           |--A. (*Basilicus) tyrannus R27
         |           `--A. (Megalaspis Angelin 1854) F71, W77
         |                |--‘Megalaspis’ belemnurus White 1874 W77
         |                |--‘Megalaspis’ extenuatus H04
         |                |--A. (M.) goniocercus W77
         |                `--A. (M.) howchini Etheridge 1894 F71
         |         Ogygites R27
         |           |--O. birmanicus R27
         |           |--O. collingwoodensis Reed 1927 R27
         |           |--‘Basilicus’ kegelensis R27
         |           |--O. kuckersianus [=Asaphus (Basilicus) kuckersianus] R27
         |           |--‘Basilicus’ lawrowi R27
         |           `--O. yunnanensis R27
         |         Ogygyinus FO99
         |           |--O. armoricanus FO99
         |           `--‘Ogygia’ corndensis R27
         |         Asaphelus catamarcensis FO99, SV03
         `--Niobinae S80
              |--Niobe morrisi FO99
              `--Norinia Troedsson 1937 S80
                   `--*N. convexa Troedsson 1937 S80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

[FO99] Fortey, R. A. & R. M. Owens. 1999. Feeding habits in trilobites. Palaeontology 42 (3): 429-465.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899-1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170-O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[R27] Reed, F. R. C. 1927. New trilobites from the Ordovician beds of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 310-314.

[SV03] Sánchez, T. M., & N. E. Vaccari. 2003. Ucumariidae new family (Bivalvia, Anomalodesmata) and other bivalves from the Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 40 (3): 415-424.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics—Bulletin 186: 1-111.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1-219, pls 211-221.

Agnostinae

Agnostus pisiformis, from here.

Belongs within: Agnostida.

The Agnostinae are a group of agnostids known from the Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician, characterised by a simple, axiolobate pygidium (Shergold et al. 1990).

Characters (from Shergold et al. 1990): En grande tenue to largely effaced, nondeliquiate to deliquiate border furrows; acrolobes usually unconstricted; preglabellar median furrow absent to well developed. Glabella with large ogival, semiovate, subpentagonal, subquadrate or trapeziform anterior lobe; F3 straight to concave forward; F2 absent to well developed; glabellar culmination variably rounded, subquadrate or obtusely angular; glabellar node from midway between Fl and F2 to level with F2; basal lobes variable in size, usually simple, occasionally incorporating lateral portions of M2 lobe. Pygidium bispinose or nonspinose, with agnostoid or basic articulating device; axis usually long, not reaching border furrow, with a slight constriction across M2; Fl variably impressed, rarely effaced; Ml usually trilobate; F2 variably impressed, rarely effaced; posterior lobe usually long, semiovate, ogival, semicircular or bulbous, with or without terminal node.

<==Agnostinae
    |--Oxyagnostus S80
    |--Innitagnostus Öpik 1967 S80
    |    |--*I. innitens Öpik 1967 S80
    |    |--I. inexpectans S80
    |    `--I. medius Shergold 1980 S80
    |--Lotagnostus S80
    |    |  i. s.: L. trisectus S80
    |    `--L. (Trilobagnostus) S80
    |         |--L. (T.) ergodes Shergold 1972 S80
    |         `--L. (T.) irretitus Shergold 1975 S80
    |--Acmarhachis Resser 1938 [incl. Cyclagnostus Lermontova 1940] S80
    |    |--*A. typicalis Resser 1938 S80
    |    |--A. acuta (Kobayashi 1938) [=Homagnostus acutus, A. acutus (l. c.)] S80
    |    |--‘Cyclagnostus’ elegans Lermontova 1940 S80
    |    |--A. hybrida Shergold 1980 S80
    |    `--A. quasivespa (Öpik 1967) HLC03, S80 [=Cyclagnostus quasivespa S80]
    `--Agnostus Brongniart 1821 W77
         |--A. czekanowskii T10
         |--A. gibbus A38
         |--A. integer W77
         |--A. interstrictus White 1874 W77
         `--A. pisiformis A38
              |--A. p. pisiformis A38
              `--A. p. obesus A38

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A38] Alcock, F. J. 1938. Geology of Saint John region, New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 216: 1-65.

[HLC03] Hong, P. S., J. G. Lee & D. K. Choi. 2003. Trilobites from the Lejopyge armata zone (upper Middle Cambrian) of the Machari Formation, Yongwol Group, Korea. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 895-907.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics—Bulletin 186: 1-111.

Shergold, J. H., J. R. Laurie & Sun X. 1990. Classification and review of the trilobite order Agnostida Salter, 1864: an Australian perspective. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics—Report 296.

[T10] Taylor, T. G. 1910. The Archaeocyathinae from the Cambrian of South Australia with an account of the morphology and affinities of the whole class. Memoirs of the Royal Society of South Australia 2 (2): 55-188.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1-219, pls 211-221.

Olenellus

Olenellus gilberti, from Western Trilobites.
Belongs within: Trilobita.

Olenellus is a genus of trilobites known from the Lower Cambrian (Harrington et al. 1959).

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Glabella long, with rounded frontal lobe. usually reaching anterior border furrow; palpebral lobes mostly long, terminating opposite occipital furrow or further back. Hypostoma without stalk.

<==Olenellus Hall 1861 [Paradoxidae] W77
    |--O. armatus P98
    |--O. asaphoides T10
    |--O. fremonti P98
    |--O. gilberti Meek in White 1874 W77
    |--O. hamoculus P98
    |--O. howelli Meek in White 1874 W77
    |--O. intermedius P98
    |--O. kjerulfi T10
    |--O. lapworthi P98
    |--O. mickwitzii T10
    |--O. pritchardi T10
    |--O. reticulatus P98
    |--O. robsonensis WB85
    |--O. thomsoni T10
    |--O. vermontana W77
    `--O. zoppii T10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen, B. F. Howell, V. Jaanusson, C. Lochman-Balk, R. C. Moore, C. Poulsen, F. Rasetti, E. Richter, R. Richter, H. Schmidt, K. Sdzuy, W. Struve, C. J. Stubblefield, R. Tripp, J. M. Weller & H. B. Whittington. 1959. Trilobita. In: R. C. Moore (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1, pp. O38-O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[T10] Taylor, T. G. 1910. The Archaeocyathinae from the Cambrian of South Australia with an account of the morphology and affinities of the whole class. Memoirs of the Royal Society of South Australia 2 (2): 55-188.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1-219, pls 211-221.

[WB85] Whittington, H. B., & D. E. G. Briggs. 1985. The largest Cambrian animal, Anomalocaris, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 309: 569-609.

Onchonotellus

Cranidium of an unidentified species of Onchonotellus, from Shergold (1980).

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

Onchonotellus is a genus of late Cambrian and early Ordovician trilobites, characterised by a particularly swollen glabella.

Characters (from Shergold & Szduy 1984): Relatively wide interocular cheeks; well-developed prominent roll-like cephalic rim; barrel-like glabella.

<==Onchonotellus Lermontova 1956 [incl. Seletella Ivshin 1962; Catillicephalacea, Catillicephalidae] S80
    |--*O. subcinctus (Lermontova 1951) [=Solenopleura subcincta] S80
    |--O. abnormis Ivshin 1956 S80
    |--‘Seletella’ choristos Ivshin 1962 S80
    |--‘Seletella’ conusoides Ivshin 1962 S80
    |--‘Seletella’ discreta Ivshin 1962 S80
    |--‘Seletella’ mirabilis Ivshin 1962 S80
    |--O. offula Öpik 1967 S80
    |--‘Onchonotus’ ovoidea Kobayashi 1938 S80
    |--‘Seletella’ paralella Ivshin 1962 S80
    |--O. perlatus Ivshin 1962 S80
    |--O. privus Rosova 1968 S80
    |--O. tchecurensis Lazarenko 1966 S80
    `--O. trisulcatus Ivshin 1962 S80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics – Bulletin 186: 1-111.

Shergold, J. H., & K. Szduy. 1984. Cambrian and early Tremadocian trilobites from Sultan Dağ, central Turkey. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 65 (1-3): 51-135.

Diplagnostidae

Reconstructed cranidium and pygidium of Connagnostus aversus, from Shergold (1980).

Belongs within: Agnostida.
Contains: Pseudagnostus.

The Diplagnostidae are a Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician group of agnostid trilobites.

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Glabella with two main lobes, anterior one medially indented by longitudinal furrow; pygidial axis trilobed; surface of cephalon smooth, corrugated or rugose; surface of pygidium smooth.

<==Diplagnostidae
    |--Connagnostus Öpik 1967 [Diplagnostinae] S80
    |    |--*C. venerabilis Öpik 1967 S80
    |    |--C. aversus Shergold 1980 S80
    |    |--C. conspectus Shergold 1975 S80
    |    `--C. junior Shergold 1972 S80
    `--Pseudagnostinae S80
         |--Pseudagnostus S80
         |--Rhaptagnostus Whitehouse 1936 S80
         |    |--*R. cyclopygeformis (Sun 1924) [=Agnostus cyclopygeformis] S80
         |    |--R. apsis Shergold 1980 S80
         |    |--R. auctor Shergold 1980 S80
         |    |--R. clarki (Kobayashi 1935) [=Pseudagnostus (Plethagnostus) clarki] S80
         |    |    |--R. c. clarki S80
         |    |    |--R. c. laevis Palmer 1955 S80
         |    |    |--R. c. patulus (Shergold 1975) S80
         |    |    `--R. c. prolatus Shergold 1975 S80
         |    |--R. convergens (Palmer 1955) [=Pseudagnostus convergens] S80
         |    `--R. impressus (Lermontova 1940) S80
         `--Neoagnostus Kobayashi 1955 (see below for synonymy) S80
              |--*N. aspidoides Kobayashi 1955 S80
              |--N. araneavelatus (Shaw 1951) [=Pseudagnostus araneavelatus] S80
              |--N. bilobus S80
              |--N. canadensis S80
              |--N. cavernosus (Rosova 1960) S80
              |--N. clavus (Shergold 1972) [=Pseudagnostus clavus] S80
              |--N. coronatus (Shergold 1975) S80
              |--N. denticulatus (Shergold 1975) S80
              |--N. felix Shergold 1980 S80
              |--N. greeni Shergold 1980 S80
              `--N. vulgaris (Rosova 1960) S80

Neoagnostus Kobayashi 1955 [incl. Euplethagnostus Lermontova 1940, Hyperagnostus Kobayashi 1955, Machairagnostus Harrington & Leanza 1957, Pseudorhaptagnostus Lermontova 1940] S80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170-O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics – Bulletin 186: 1-111.

Pseudagnostus

Reconstructed cranidium and pygidium of Pseudagnostus (Pseudagnostus) parvus, from Shergold (1980).

Belongs within: Diplagnostidae.

Pseudagnostus is a genus of Late Cambrian agnostids. Its members have a spectaculate cephalon, with the axial glabellar node lying to the rear of the anterior furrow and of the anterolateral lobes, the latter being separated sagitally (Shergold 1980).

<==Pseudagnostus Jaekel 1909 S80
    |  i. s.: P. angustilobus S80
    |         P. chinensis (Dames 1883) S80
    |         P. idalis Öpik 1967 S80
    |         P. leptoplastorum Westergaard 1944 S80
    |         P. prolongus S80
    |         P. pseudocyclopyge Ivshin 1962 S80
    |         P. vastulus S80
    |         P. vulgaris Rosova 1960 S80
    |--P. (Pseudagnostus) S80
    |    |--*P. (P.) cyclopyge (Tullberg 1880) [=Agnostus cyclopyge] S80
    |    |--P. (P.) aulax Shergold 1980 S80
    |    |--P. (P.) bulgosus Öpik 1967 S80
    |    |--P. (P.) communis (Hall & Whitfield 1877) [=Agnostus communis] S80
    |    |--P. (P.) mortensis Shergold 1980 S80
    |    |--P. (P.) orientalis S80
    |    |--P. (P.) parvus Shergold 1980 S80
    |    |--P. (P.) primus Kobayashi 1962 S80
    |    `--P. (P.) tricanthus Shergold 1980 S80
    |--P. (Pseudagnostina Palmer 1962) S80
    `--P. (Sulcatagnostus) securiger Lake 1906 [=Sulcatagnostus securiger] S80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics – Bulletin 186: 1-111.

Shumardiidae

Cranidia of Koldinioidia (Liriamnica) antyx, from Shergold (1980).

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

The Shumardiidae are a Cambrian and Ordovician family of minute trilobites.

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Minute, ovate, convex, heteropygous. Cephalon semicircular, without eyes and apparently without facial sutures; glabella delimited at sides by unusually deep axial furrows and in front by their narrower, shallower, (in some) almost effaced continuation; occipital ring well defined; convex preglabellar field usually well developed; almost evenly convex genae with acute genal angles or genal spines; posterior border furrows strongly impressed posterior border narrow. Thorax (as far as known) with six or seven segments. Pygidium greatly varying in shape, with four to seven axial rings. Cephalic doublure, ventral sutures and hypostoma unknown.

<==Shumardiidae
    |--Hospes S80
    |--Idiomesus S80
    |--Shumardia S80
    |--Shumardops S80
    |--Eoshumardia S80
    `--Koldinioidia Kobayashi 1931 S80
         |--K. (Koldinioida) S80
         |    |--*K. (K.) typicalis Kobayashi 1931 S80
         |    |--K. (K.) cylindrica (Shergold 1972) S80
         |    |--K. (K.) payntonensis Shergold 1975 S80
         |    `--K. (K.) sulcata Robison & Pantoja-Alor 1968 S80
         `--K. (Liriamnica Shergold 1980) S80
              `--K. (L.) antyx Shergold 1980 S80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170-O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics – Bulletin 186: 1-111.

Leiostegiacea

Reconstructed exoskeletal components of Peichiashania secunda, from Shergold (1980).

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

The Leiostegiacea are a Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician group of trilobites. The position of the Missisquoiidae among trilobites has been the subject of some debate; cranidial characters suggest a relationship to Leiostegiidae, though the pygidia of the two taxa are somewhat different (Lee & Chatterton 2007).

Characters (from Lee & Chatterton 2007): Cranidial outline trapezoidal; glabella subrectangular or slightly forward-tapering; preglabellar field absent; fixigenae with inflated palpebral area.

<==Leiostegiacea
    |--Parakoldinioida Endo in Endo & Resser 1937 [Missisquoiidae] S80
    |    |--*P. typicalis Endo in Endo & Resser 1937 S80
    |    `--P. bigranulosa Shergold 1975 S80
    `--Leiostegiidae S80
         |  i. s.: Iranochuangia S80
         |         Chuangia S80
         |           |--*C. batia Walcott 1911 S80
         |           `--C. transversalis S80
         |--Pagodiinae S80
         |    |--Pagodia S80
         |    |    |--P. (Pagodia) lotos Walcott 1913 S80
         |    |    `--P. (Idamea) baccata S80
         |    |--Lotosoides Shergold 1975 S80
         |    |    |--*L. calcarata (Shergold 1975) [=Pagodia (Lotosoides) calcarata] S80
         |    |    |--L. bathyora Shergold 1980 S80
         |    |    `--L. turbinata (Shergold 1975) [=Pagodia (Lotosoides) turbinata] S80
         |    `--Prochuangia Kobayashi 1935 S80
         |         |--*P. mansuyi Kobayashi 1935 S80
         |         |--P. angusta Kobayashi 1935 S80
         |         |--P. glabella Shergold 1980 S80
         |         |--P. granulosa Lu 1956 S80
         |         |--P. imamurai Endo 1944 S80
         |         |--P. posterospina Kobayashi 1935 S80
         |         `--P. quadriceps (Dames 1883) (see below for synonymy) S80
         `--Mansuyiinae S80
              |--Mansuyites Shergold 1972 S80
              |--Mansuyia Sun 1924 S80
              |--Taipaikia Kobayashi 1960 S80
              |--Mansuyella lilia Endo in Endo & Resser 1937 S80
              |--Hapsidocare Shergold 1975 S80
              |    |--*H. chydaeum Shergold 1975 S80
              |    |--H. grossum Shergold 1975 S80
              |    `--H. lilyensis Shergold 1980 S80
              `--Peichiashania Chang 1957 S80
                   |--*Eymekops rectangularis Endo in Endo & Resser 1937 S80
                   |--P. lunatula Öpik 1967 S80
                   |--P. pelta Öpik 1967 S80
                   |--P. planilimbata (Endo in Endo & Resser 1937) [=Paramansuyella planilimbata] S80
                   |--P. prima Shergold 1980 S80
                   |--P. quarta Shergold 1980 S80
                   |--P. secunda Shergold 1980 S80
                   `--P. tertia Shergold 1980 S80

Prochuangia quadriceps Dames 1883 [=Conocephalites quadriceps, Kaolishania quadriceps, Schantungia quadriceps]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Lee, D.-C., & B. D. E. Chatterton. 2007. Protaspides of uppermost Cambrian trilobite Missisquoia, with implications for suprafamilial level classification of the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44: 493-506.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics – Bulletin 186: 1-111.

Trinucleidae

Fossil of Cryptolithus tessellatus, from Dry Dredgers.

Belongs within: Trilobita.

The Trinucleidae were an Ordovician family of trilobites characterised by the presence of a broad marginal fringe around the head, covered in funnel-shaped, presumably sensory, pits. The posterior corners of the head bore often long and slender spines.

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Cephalic fringe broad, sloping outward, bilaminar, with numerous opposed pits on external surfaces, extending posterolaterally somewhat behind rest of cephalon; convex occipital ring commonly with backward-directed spine, occipital furrow with deep apodermal pit; glabella expanding forward, reaching to inner margin of fringe, deep anterior pits at extremities of axial furrows; genae subtriangular in outline, with or without eye tubercles and faint eye ridges; lower lamellae of fringe bearing genal spines. Thorax with six segments; convex axial rings, with deep apodemal pits in articulating furrows; pleurae with broad diagonal pleural furrows, pleural tips bent down. Pygidium triangular, length 0.25 to 0.5 of width; axis with many rings; pleural fields with shallow pleural furrows. Surface of glabella and genae may bear reticulate pattern of raised ridges, margin of fringe and pygidial border with terraced lines.

<==Trinucleidae [Trinucleina]
    |--Marrolithinae B-HIO02
    |--Hanchungolithinae B-HIO02
    |--Yinpanolithus Lu in Lu & Chang 1974 [Trinucleinae] B-HIO02
    |    |--*Y. yinpanensis Lu in Lu & Chang 1974 B-HIO02
    |    |--Y. guizhouensis Yin in Yin & Li 1978 B-HIO02
    |    |--Y. tenuilimbatus (Zhang in Qui et al. 1983) B-HIO02
    |    `--Y. wutangensis (Lu in Wang et al. 1962) B-HIO02
    `--Cryptolithinae B-HIO02
         |--Cryptolithoides B-HIO02
         |--Cryptolithus tesselatus P98
         |--Salterolithus Bancroft 1929 [incl. Smeathenia Dean 1960] B-HIO02
         |    |--*S. caractaci (Murchison 1839) (see below for synonymy) B-HIO02
         |    `--S. harnagensis (see below for synonymy) B-HIO02
         `--Broeggerolithus Lamont 1935 (see below for synonymy) B-HIO02
              |--*B. broeggeri (Bancroft 1929) [=Cryptolithus broeggeri, *Broeggeria broeggeri] B-HIO02
              |    |--B. b. broeggeri [incl. B. constrictus Bancroft in Dean 1960] B-HIO02
              |    |--B. b. globiceps (Bancroft 1929) [=Cryptolithus globiceps, B. nicholsoni globiceps] B-HIO02
              |    |--B. b. soudleyensis (Bancroft 1929) [=Cryptolithus soudleyensis] B-HIO02
              |    `--B. b. ulrichi (Bancroft 1949) [=Salterolithus (Ulricholithus) ulrichi] B-HIO02
              `--+--B. discors (Angelin 1854) [=Trinucleus discors, Cryptolithus dicors (l. c.)] B-HIO02
                 |--B. nicholsoni (Reed 1910) (see below for synonymy) B-HIO02
                 `--B. transiens (Bancroft 1929) [=Cryptolithus transiens, Broeggeria transiens] B-HIO02

Broeggerolithus Lamont 1935 [=Broeggeria Bancroft 1933 (preoc.); incl. Ulricholithus Bancroft 1933 (n. n.)] B-HIO02

Broeggerolithus nicholsoni (Reed 1910) [=Trinucleus nicholsoni; incl. Cryptolithus longiceps Bancroft 1929, Broeggerolithus nicholsoni longiceps, B. melmerbiensis Dean 1962, B. simplex Dean 1960] B-HIO02

Salterolithus caractaci (Murchison 1839) [=Trinucleus caractaci; incl. T. intermedius Wade 1911, Salterolithus intermedius] B-HIO02

Salterolithus harnagensis Bancroft 1929 [=Broeggerolithus harnagensis; incl. Salterolithus caractaci var. paucus Cave 1957, Sa. praecursor Dean 1960, Sa. smeathenensis Bancroft in Dean 1958, Smeathenia smeathenensis] B-HIO02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B-HIO02] Bowdler-Hicks, A., J. K. Ingham & A. W. Owen. 2002. The taxonomy and stratigraphical significance of the Anglo-Welsh Cryptolithinae (Trinucleidae, Trilobita). Palaeontology 45 (6): 1075-1106.

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170-O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

Ceratopygidae

Somewhat distorted specimen of Proceratopyge, from here.

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

The Ceratopygidae are a family of trilobites that lived from the Middle Cambrian to the Lower Ordovician. Members of the family possessed rear-pointing spines on both the cephalon and the pygidium.

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Opisthoparian, ovate, slightly convex exoskeleton, heteropygous to almost isopygous. Cephalon approximately semicircular; glabella clavate to tapering forward, with median tubercle on posterior part; preglabellar field well developed, cephalic border furrow strongly impressed, adjoining narrow, convex border; librigenae fairly wide, with slender genal spines in direct continuation of lateral body or nearly so. Thorax (as far as known) of six to nine segments. Pygidium semicircular to subtriangular, with one or two pairs of lateral spines originating from anterior segments. Cephalic doublure, ventral sutures, and hypostoma imperfectly known.

<==Ceratopygidae [Ceratopygacea]
    |  i. s.: Pseudohysterolenus Harrington & Leanza 1957 S80
    |--Iwayaspidinae S80
    |    |--Pseudoyuepingia Chien 1961 S80
    |    |    `--P. modesta chien 1961 S80
    |    |--Cermatops Shergold 1980 S80
    |    |    `--C. vieta Shergold 1980 S80
    |    `--Iwayaspis Kobayashi 1962 S80
    |         |--I. asaphoides Kobayashi 1962 S80
    |         |--I. caelata Lazarenko in Datsenko et al. 1968 S80
    |         |--I. curta Lazarenko in Datsenko et al. 1968 S80
    |         `--I. longa Lazarenko in Datsenko et al. 1968 S80
    `--Proceratopyginae S80
         |--Aplotaspis Henderson 1976 S80
         |--Proceratopyge S80
         |    |--P. chuhsiensis Lu 1956 S80
         |    |--P. lata S80
         |    `--P. polita Whitehouse 1939 S80
         `--Haniwoides Kobayashi 1935 S80
              |--*H. longa Kobayashi 1935 S80
              |--H. concava Kobayashi 1935 S80
              |--H. longissima Kobayashi 1962 S80
              |--H. puteolata Kobayashi 1962 S80
              |--H. tenuis Kobayashi 1962 S80
              `--H. varia Shergold 1980 S80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170-O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics – Bulletin 186: 1-111.