Vorticellidae

Vorticella campanula, copyright Protist Information Server.

Belongs within: Oligohymenophorea.

The Vorticellidae are a group of sessile ciliates that live attached to their substrate by a contractile stalk.

Vorticellidae
    |--Cothurniopsis imberbis D01
    |--Carchesium H04
    |    |--C. limneticum C79
    |    `--C. polypinum H04
    |--Lagenophrys D01
    |    |--L. monolistrae S86
    |    `--L. vaginicola D01
    |--Cothurnia D01
    |    |--C. crystallina D01
    |    `--C. oblonga SX97
    |--Zoothamnium BK77
    |    |--Z. alternans C79
    |    |--Z. arbuscula C79
    |    |--Z. parasita D01
    |    `--Z. vermicola [=Myoschiston vermicola] BK77
    `--Vorticella Linnaeus 1767 FT93
         |--V. campanula SX97
         |--V. convallaria C79
         |--V. microstoma LB90
         |--V. monilata SX97
         |--V. nebulifera LB90
         |--V. picta SX97
         |--V. punctata BK77
         `--V. similis SX97

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[C79] Curds, C. R. 1979. Group phenomena in the phylum Protozoa. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 29–37. Academic Press: London.

[D01] Daday, E. 1901. Édesvizi mikroszkópi állatok [Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 375–470. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i–viii, 1–351.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LB90] Lousier, J. D., & S. S. Bamforth. 1990. Soil protozoa. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 97–136. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[S86] Sket, B. 1986. Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 423–427. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[SX97] Song B. & Xie P. 1997. Preliminary studies on the community structure of the planktonic protozoa from the outlet of Lake Dongting. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 21 (Suppl.): 60–68.

Phyllopharyngea

Chilodonella uncinata, copyright Wolfgang Bettighofer.

Belongs within: Intramacronucleata.

The Phyllopharyngea are a group of ciliates with a radial array of microtubular ribbons around the oral region (Adl et al. 2012).

Characters (from Adl et al. 2012): Ciliated stage with somatic kineties mostly as monokinetids that each have a lateral kinetodesmal fibril, a reduced or absent transverse microtubular ribbon that is usually accompanied by a left-directed transverse fibre, and a somewhat convergent postciliary ribbon extending posteriorly to accompany ribbons of more anterior monokinetids; ribbon-like subkinetal nematodesmata arising from somatic monokinetids and extending, either anteriorly or posteriorly, beneath kineties as nematodesmata in the Synhymenia or subkinetal ribbons in the other clades; oral region with radially arranged microtubular ribbons, called phyllae.

Phyllopharyngea
    |--Synhymenia AS12
    |    |--Synhymenia AS12
    |    `--Zosterodasys AS12
    |--Chonotrichia [Chonotrichida] AS12
    |    |  i. s.: Chilodochona AS12
    |    |         Spirochona AS12
    |    |--Exogemmina C74
    |    `--Endogemmina C74
    |--Rhynchodia [Rhynchodida] AS12
    |    |  i. s.: Hypocoma L03
    |    |         Heterocinetopsis C74
    |    |         Ignotocoma AS12
    |    |         Stegotricha AS12
    |    |--Rhynchodina C74
    |    `--Ancistrocoma AS12 [Ancistrocomina C74]
    |--Suctoria [Suctorida, Suctoridea] AS12
    |    |  i. s.: Ephelota [Ephelotidae] AS12
    |    |         Acinetidae D01
    |    |           |--Acineta tuberosa AS12, D86
    |    |           `--Tocophrya cyclopum D01
    |    |         Allantosoma C74
    |    |         Cyathodinium C74
    |    |         Dendrocometes C74
    |    |         Podophrya C74
    |    |         Trichophrya C74
    |    |         Discophrya collini AS12, L03
    |    |--Exogenina C74
    |    `--Endogenina C74
    `--Cyrtophoria [Cyrtophorida, Phyllopharyngia, Phyllopharyngidea] AS12
         |--Trithigmostoma steini L03
         |--Dysteria ovalis D86, MCS03
         |--Chlamydodon D86
         |--Brooklynella AS12
         `--Chilodonella AS12
              |--C. acuta SX97
              |--C. algivora SX97
              |--C. bavariensis SX97
              |--C. calkinsi SX97
              |--C. cucullus LB90
              |--C. fluviatilis SX97
              `--C. uncinata L03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[C74] Corliss, J. O. 1974. The changing world of ciliate systematics: historical analysis of past efforts and a newly proposed phylogenetic scheme of classification for the protistan phylum Ciliophora. Systematic Zoology 23 (1): 91–138.

[D01] Daday, E. 1901. Édesvizi mikroszkópi állatok [Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 375–470. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[D86] Detcheva, R. 1986. Ciliata interstitiels, essentiellement des sables marins. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 21–29. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[LB90] Lousier, J. D., & S. S. Bamforth. 1990. Soil protozoa. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 97–136. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[L03] Lynn, D. H. 2003. Morphology or molecules: how do we identify the major lineages of ciliates (phylum Ciliophora)? European Journal of Protistology 39 (4): 356–364.

[MCS03] Ma, H., J. K. Choi & W. Song. 2003. An improved silver carbonate impregnation for marine ciliated protozoa. Acta Protozoologica 42: 161–164.

[SX97] Song B. & Xie P. 1997. Preliminary studies on the community structure of the planktonic protozoa from the outlet of Lake Dongting. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 21 (Suppl.): 60–68.

Choreotrichida

Tintinnopsis beroidea, from Calkins (1902).

Belongs within: Oligotrichea.
Contains: Strombidinopsidae, Strobilidiidae.

The Choreotrichida are a group of ciliates united by a closed adoral zone of membranelles (secondarily opened slightly in Parastrombidinopsis) and hypoapokinetal stomatogenesis in a pouch (Agatha & Strüder-Kypke 2007).

Choreotrichida [Choreotrichia, Strobilidiina] AS-K07
    |  i. s.: Climacocylis AS-K07
    |         Codonaria AS-K07
    |         Proplectella AS-K07
    |         Undella AS-K07
    |         Xystonella AS-K07
    |--Leegaardiella Lynn & Montagnes 1988 [Leegaardiellidae] AS-K07
    |    |--L. ovalis Lynn & Montagnes 1988 AS-K07
    |    `--+--L. elbraechteri Petz et al. 1995 AS-K07
    |       `--L. sol Lynn & Montagnes 1988 AS-K07
    `--+--Strombidinopsidae AS-K07
       `--+--+--Strobilidiidae AS-K07
          |  `--Lohmanniella Leegaard 1915 [Lohmanniellidae] AS-K07
          |       |--*L. oviformis Leegaard 1915 AS-K07
          |       `--L. glacicola (Petz, Song & Wilbert 1995) [=Rimostrombidium glacicolum] AS-K07
          `--Tintinnina AS-K07
               |  i. s.: Petalotricha A04
               |           |--P. ampulla A04
               |           `--P. galea H04
               |         Cyttarocylis B26
               |           |--C. brandti A04
               |           |--C. cistellula H04
               |           |--C. denticulata B26
               |           |--C. ehrenbergi B26
               |           |--C. serrata B26
               |           `--C. subulata B26
               |         Parafavella denticulata AS-K07
               |         Salpingacantha Kofoid & Campbell 1929 AS-K07
               |         Amphorellopsis acuta (Schmidt 1901) AS-K07
               |         Metacylis angulata AS-K07
               |         Rhabdonella hebe AS-K07
               |         Cercidina Vogler 1941 LT64
               |           `--*C. supracretacea Vogler 1941 LT64
               |         Dictyocysta H04
               |           |--D. templum H04
               |           `--D. tiara H04
               |--Tintinnidiidae AS-K07
               |    |--Membranicola Foissner et al. 1999 AS-K07
               |    |    `--M. tamari Foissner et al. 1999 AS-K07
               |    `--Tintinnidium Kent 1881 AS-K07
               |         |  i. s.: T. mucicola AS-K07
               |         |--T. (Tintinnidium) AS-K07
               |         |    |--*T. (T.) fluviatile (Stein 1863) [=Tintinnus fluviatilis] AS-K07
               |         |    `--T. (T.) pusillum Entz 1909 AS-K07
               |         `--+--‘Tintinnopsis’ cylindrata Kofoid & Campbell 1929 AS-K07
               |            `--T. (Semitintinnidium Agatha & Strüder-Kypke 2007 AS-K07
               |                 `--T. (*S.) semiciliatum (Sterki 1879) [=Tintinnus semiciliatus] AS-K07
               `--+--Nolaclusilis Snyder & Brownlee 1991 [Nolaclusiliidae] AS-K07
                  |    |--N. bicornis Snyder & Brownlee 1991 AS-K07
                  |    `--N. hudsonicus Sniezek et al. 1991 AS-K07
                  `--+--Favella AS-K07
                     |    |--F. ehrenbergii AS-K07
                     |    `--F. panamensis AS-K07
                     |--Eutintinnus Kofoid & Campbell 1939 [Tintinnidae] AS-K07
                     |    |--E. angustatus (Daday 1887) AS-K07
                     |    |--E. pectinis (Kofoid & Campbell 1929) AS-K07
                     |    `--E. tenuis (Kofoid & Campbell 1929) AS-K07
                     `--+--‘Tintinnopsis’ brasiliensis Kofoid & Campbell 1929 AS-K07
                        `--+--Codonellopsidae AS-K07
                           |    |--Stenosemella Jörgensen 1924 AS-K07
                           |    |    `--S. nivalis (Meunier 1910) AS-K07
                           |    `--Codonellopsis Jörgensen 1924 AS-K07
                           |         |--C. americana AS-K07
                           |         `--C. glacialis (Laackmann 1907) AS-K07
                           |--Ptychocylididae AS-K07
                           |    |--Ptychocylis AS-K07
                           |    `--Cymatocylis Laackmann 1910 AS-K07
                           |         |--C. affinis AS-K07
                           |         |--C. calyciformis (Laackmann 1907) AS-K07
                           |         `--C. convallaria Laackmann 1910 AS-K07
                           `--Codonellidae AS-K07
                                |--‘Stenosemella’ lacustris Foissner & O’Donoghue 1990 AS-K07
                                |--Codonella Haeckel 1873 AS-K07
                                |    |--C. campanella H04
                                |    |--C. cratera (Leidy 1877) AS-K07
                                |    `--C. lacustris [incl. C. eupelagica] D01
                                `--Tintinnopsis Stein 1867 AS-K07
                                     |--*T. beroidea AS-K07
                                     |--T. campanula (Ehrenberg 1840) AS-K07
                                     |--T. cylindrica Daday 1887 AS-K07
                                     |--T. dadayi AS-K07
                                     |--T. entzii SX97
                                     |--T. fimbriata Meunier 1919 AS-K07
                                     |--T. ovata D01
                                     |--T. tocantinensis AS-K07
                                     |--T. tubulosoides Meunier 1910 AS-K07
                                     `--T. ventricosa B26

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A04] Agatha, S. 2004. A cladistic approach for the classification of oligotrichid ciliates (Ciliophora: Spirotricha). Acta Protozoologica 43: 201–217.

[AS-K07] Agatha, S., & M. C. Strüder-Kypke. 2007. Phylogeny of the order Choreotrichida (Ciliophora, Spirotricha, Oligotrichea) as inferred from morphology, ultrastructure, ontogenesis, and SSrRNA genes sequences. European Journal of Protistology 43 (1): 37–63.

[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.

[D01] Daday, E. 1901. Édesvizi mikroszkópi állatok [Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 375–470. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[SX97] Song B. & Xie P. 1997. Preliminary studies on the community structure of the planktonic protozoa from the outlet of Lake Dongting. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 21 (Suppl.): 60–68.