Cotoneaster

Wall cotoneaster Cotoneaster horizontalis, copyright Peganum.

Belongs within: Rosales.

Cotoneaster is a Palaearctic genus of trees and (more commonly) shrubs bearing usually red fruits (Hickman 1993).

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Shrub or tree, unarmed. Leaves stipuled, petioled, subevergreen, entire. Flowers solitary or clustered at branch tips. Bractlets on hypanthium absent; sepals persistent; stamens about 20; ovary inferior, 2-5-chambered, styles 2-5, free. Fruit a pome, drupe-like.

<==Cotoneaster
    |--C. adpressus O88
    |--C. congestus O88
    |--C. duthieanus O88
    |--C. franchetii H06
    |--C. glaucophyllus H90
    |--C. horizontalis NPA01
    |--C. integerrimus Medikus 1793 (see below for synonymy) TR03
    |--C. ludlowii O88
    |--C. mathonnetii Gandoger 1875 TR03
    |--C. microphyllus O88
    |--C. obtusus V09
    |--C. pannosa H93
    |--C. rotundifolius H90
    |--C. sanguineus O88
    |--C. sherriffii O88
    |--C. simonsii H59
    |--C. tomentosa C55
    `--C. zayulensis O88

Cotoneaster integerrimus Medikus 1793 [=Mespilus cotoneaster Linnaeus 1753, C. vulgaris Lindley 1822; incl. C. scandinavicus Hylmö 1993] TR03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[H59] Healy, A. J. 1959. Contributions to a knowledge of the adventive flora of New Zealand, no. 7. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 113–118.

[H06] Henderson, L. 2006. Comparisons of invasive plants in southern Africa originating from southern temperate, northern temperate and tropical regions. Bothalia 36 (2): 201–222.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[NPA01] Nuzzaci, G., A. Di Palma & P. Aldini. 2001. Functional morphology and fine structure of the female genital system in Typhlodromus spp. (Acari: Phytoseiidae). In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 196–202. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[TR03] Thulin, M., & S. Ryman. 2003. Proposal to conserve the name Mespilus cotoneaster (Rosaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 52: 371–372.

[V09] Verdcourt, B. (ed.) 2009. Additions to the wild fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. XXVI. Miscellaneous records. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 183–194.

Potentilla

Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans, copyright Olivier Pichard.

Belongs within: Roperculina.
Contains: Horkelia, Ivesia.

Potentilla, cinquefoils, is a northern temperate genus of herbs and shrubs with usually yellow flowers (Hickman 1993).

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Annual to shrub; odor resinous or absent. Leaves generally basal, odd-1-pinnate to 1-palmate or 1-ternate; leaflets more or less toothed or lobed, terminal generally more or less equal to lateral. Inflorescence a cyme, generally more or less open; pedicels generally more or less straight. Flower with hypanthium more or less shallow; bractlets 5; sepals generally 5, more or less triangular; petals generally 5, generally the same size as or larger than sepals, generally more or less widely obcordate, generally yellow; stamens generally 20; pistils generally many, styles generally jointed near tip. Fruit an achene.

<==Potentilla Linnaeus 1753 A61 [incl. Duchesnea EH03]
    |--+--P. anserina EH03
    |  |    |--P. a. ssp. anserina [incl. P. anserina var. sericea] H93
    |  |    `--P. a. ssp. pacifica [incl. P. egedii var. grandis] H93
    |  `--+--P. peduncularis EH03
    |     `--P. stenophylla EH03
    `--+--P. micrantha EH03
       `--+--+--*P. reptans EH03
          |  `--P. indica [=Duchesnea indica] EH03
          `--+--P. dickinsii EH03
             |--P. fragarioides EH03
             `--+--+--P. chinensis EH03
                |  |--P. multifida EH03
                |  `--P. nivea EH03
                `--+--P. norvegica EH03 [incl. P. norvegica ssp. monspeliensis H93]
                   `--+--Horkelia EH03
                      `--Ivesia EH03

Potentilla incertae sedis:
  P. adenophylla H03
  P. anglica H93
  P. anserinoides Raoul 1844 [=P. anserina var. anserinoides (Raoul) Hooker 1852] A61
  P. argentea BT72
  P. argyrophylla O88
    |--P. a. var. argyrophylla O88
    `--P. a. var. atrosanguinea O88
  P. biennis H93
  P. biflora O88
  P. borneensis H03
  P. brassii H03
  P. caliginosa O88
  P. caulescens PS98
  P. concinna [incl. P. beanii, P. concinna var. divisa] H93
  P. coriandrifolia O88
  P. cristae H93
  P. cuneata O88
  P. diversifolia [incl. P. glaucophylla] H93
  P. drummondii H93
    |--P. d. ssp. drummondii H93
    |--P. d. ssp. breweri [incl. P. millefolia var. algida] H93
    `--P. d. ssp. bruceae H93
  P. erecta EH03
  P. eriocarpa O88
  P. exigua O88
  P. flabellifolia H93
  P. forrestii O88
    |--P. f. var. forrestii O88
    `--P. f. var. caespitosa O88
  P. frigida C55a
  P. fulgens O88
  P. glandulosa D51
    |--P. g. ssp. glandulosa [incl. P. glandulosa ssp. typica] H93
    |--P. g. ssp. ashlandica [incl. P. glandulosa var. austiniae] H93
    |--P. g. ssp. ewanii H93
    |--P. g. ssp. globosa [incl. P. rhomboidea] H93
    |--P. g. ssp. hansenii H93
    |--P. g. ssp. nevadensis H93
    |--P. g. ssp. pseudorupestris H93
    `--P. g. ssp. reflexa H93
  P. gracilis H93
    |--P. g. var. gracilis H93
    |--P. g. var. elmeri [incl. P. flabelliformis var. inyoensis, P. pectinisecta] H93
    |--P. g. var. fastigiata (see below for synonymy) H93
    |--P. g. var. flabelliformis H93
    `--P. g. var. pulcherrima H93
  P. grayi [=P. flabellifolia var. grayi] H93
  P. heptaphylla S96
  P. hickmanii H93
  P. microphylla O88
    |--P. m. var. microphylla O88
    |--P. m. var. achilleifolia O88
    `--P. m. var. commutata O88
  P. millefolia [incl. P. millefolia var. klamathensis] H93
  P. monanthes O88
  P. morefieldii H93
  P. multijuga H93
  P. newberryi H93
  P. pennsylvanica C55b [incl. P. pensylvanica var. strigosa H93]
  P. polyphylla O88
  P. pusilla S96
  P. recta W69
  P. rimicola [=P. wheeleri var. rimicola] H93
  P. rivalis [incl. P. rivalis var. millegrana] H93
  P. saundersiana O88
  P. supina VB02
  P. wheeleri H93

Potentilla gracilis var. fastigiata [incl. P. gracilis var. glabrata, P. gracilis ssp. nuttallii, P. gracilis var. permollis] H93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BT72] Baker, E. W., & D. M. Tuttle. 1972. New species and further notes on the Tetranychoidea mostly from the southwestern United States (Acarina: Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 116: 1–37.

[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[D51] Dobzhansky, T. 1951. Genetics and the Origin of Species 3^rd ed. Columbia University Press: New York.

[EH03] Eriksson, T., M. S. Hibbs, A. D. Yoder, C. F. Delwiche & M. J. Donoghue. 2003. The phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL/F region of chloroplast DNA. International Journal of Plant Science 164 (2): 197–211.

[H03] Heads, M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10 (1): 311–449.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[PS98] Prosser, F., & S. Scortegagna. 1998. Primula recubariensis, a new species of Primula sect. Auricula Duby endemic to the SE Prealps, Italy. Willdenowia 28: 27–46.

[S96] Schatz, H. 1996. Oribatid mites (Oribatida) in alpine dry meadows (Austria, central Alps). In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 633–635. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[VB02] Vijay, S. K., & T. N. Bhardwaja. 2002. Vegetation and phenodynamics of wetlands of central Rajasthan. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 573–581.

[W69] Wiens, J. A. 1969. An approach to the study of ecological relationships among grassland birds. Ornithological Monographs 8: 1–93.

Ziziphus

Jujube Ziziphus jujuba, copyright Zeynel Cebeci.

Belongs within: Rhamnaceae.

Ziziphus is a mostly tropical group of trees, shrubs and vines of which some species are cultivated for their edible fruits.

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Tree, shrub, vine. Branches alternate, flexible, sometimes 2-3-ranked; twigs thorn-tipped. Leaves in part clustered on short shoots, deciduous or evergreen, petioled; stipules sometimes unequal spines; blade ovate to oblong, 1-3-ribbed from base, more or less entire to serrate. Inflorescence a cyme or small panicle. Flower with hypanthium surrounding base of wary; sepals 5; petals 5, < or = sepals; stamens 5; wary broadly attached at base, chambers 2, each 1-ovuled, styles 2. Fruit a drupe, stone 1.

<==Ziziphus P06
    |--Z. amole SK93
    |--Z. angustifolius (Miq.) Hatus 1960 (see below for synonymy) S77
    |--Z. borneensis SK93
    |--Z. calophylla SK93
    |--Z. glabrata SK93
    |--Z. guaranitica SK93
    |--Z. heguertii SK93
    |--Z. helvola SK93
    |--Z. inermis SK93
    |--Z. joazeiro SK93
    |--Z. jujuba D01 [incl. Z. vulgaris LO98]
    |--Z. lenticellata SK93
    |--Z. lotus SK93
    |--Z. lycioides MF68
    |--Z. mauritiana P06
    |    |--Z. m. var. mauritiana P06
    |    `--Z. m. var. pubescens Bhandari & Bhansai 1990 P06
    |--Z. melastomoides SK93
    |--Z. mucronata SK93
    |--Z. nummularia PP07
    |--Z. obtusifolia H93
    |    |--Z. o. var. obtusifolia H93
    |    `--Z. o. var. canescens [=Condalia lycioides var. canescens] H93
    |--Z. oenoplia SK93
    |--Z. oxyphylla P03
    |--Z. parryi [=Condalia parryi] H93
    |--Z. pseudojoazeiro SK93
    |--Z. quadrilocularis LK14
    |--Z. rhodoxylon SK93
    |--Z. rugosa SK93
    |--Z. spina-christi AGF98
    |--Z. talanai SK93
    |--Z. thyrsiflorus SK93
    |--Z. xylopyrus SK93
    `--Z. zeyheriana SK93

Ziziphus angustifolius (Miq.) Hatus 1960 [=Solenostigma angustifolium Miq. 1861, Celtis angustifolia (Miq.) Planch. in DC. 1873 non Lindl. ex Wall. 1831; incl. Celtis grewioides Warb. 1891] S77

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AGF98] Abd El-Ghani, M. M., & A. G. Fahmy. 1998. Composition of and changes in the spontaneous flora of Feiran Oasis, S Sinai, Egypt, in the last 60 years. Willdenowia 28: 123–134.

[D01] Doweld, A. B. 2001. The systematic relevance of fruit and seed structure in Bersama and Melianthus (Melianthaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 227: 75–103.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[LO98] Lack, H. W., & H. Ohba. 1998. Die Xylothek des Chikusai Kato. Willdenowia 28: 263–276.

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[MF68] Moran, R., & R. Felger. 1968. Castela polyandra, a new species in a new section; union of Holacantha with Castela (Simaroubaceae). Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 15 (4): 31–40.

[PP07] Pandey, R. P., & P. M. Padhye. 2007. Studies on phytodiversity of Arid Machia Safari Park-Kailana in Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 15–78.

[P06] Parmar, P. J. 2006. Additions to the flora of Gujarat from Mehsana and Kutch districts (N. Gujarat). Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48: 191–196.

[P03] Paul, T. K. 2003. Botanical observations on the Purulia pumped storage hydropower project area, Bagmundi Hills, Purulia district, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 121–142.

[SK93] Schirarend, C., & E. Köhler. 1993. Rhamnaceae Juss. World Pollen and Spore Flora 17/18: 1–53.

[S77] Soepadmo, E. 1977. Ulmaceae. Flora Malesiana, Series I—Spermatophyta, Flowering Plants 8 (2): 31–76.

Gouania

Chewstick Gouania lupuloides, copyright Dick Culbert.

Belongs within: Rhamnaceae.

Gouania is a genus of shrubs and lianas found in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and the Americas.

Characters (from Flora of Zimbabwe): Climbing shrubs or lianes; branches with coiled tendrils. Leaves alternate. Inflorescence a thyrse. Flowers usually bisexual, 5-merous. Petals 5, hooded. Stamens 5. Disk 5-lobed. Ovary inferior. Fruit a 3-winged schizocarp, separating into 3 cocci.

<==Gouania
    |--G. andamanica SK93
    |--G. colombiana SK93
    |--G. domingensis C55
    |--G. laxiflora SK93
    |--G. leratii SK93
    |--G. longipetala SK93
    |--G. longispicata SK93
    |--G. lupuloides SK93
    |--G. mauritiana SK93
    |--G. microcarpa SK93
    |--G. polygama SK93
    |--G. pyrifolia SK93
    |--G. sericea SK93
    |--G. ulmifolia SK93
    `--G. urticaefolia SK93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[SK93] Schirarend, C., & E. Köhler. 1993. Rhamnaceae Juss. World Pollen and Spore Flora 17/18: 1–53.

Rhamnus

California buckthorn Rhamnus californica, copyright Brofri.

Belongs within: Rhamnaceae.

Rhamnus, buckthorns, is a genus of shrubs and small trees found primarily in temperate regions with a smaller number of tropical species (Hickman 1993).

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Shrub, small tree. Stem with branches alternate, flexible; twigs sometimes thorn-tipped. Leaves sometimes clustered on short shoots, deciduous or evergreen, petioled; stipules deciduous; blade 1-ribbed from base, entire or not. Inflorescence and umbel or flowers solitary, axillary. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, gen >3 mm; hypanthium at base fused to, developing around ovary in fruit, above base deciduous; sepals 4 or 5; petals 0, 4, or 5; stamens 4 or 5; ovary appearing partly inferior, chambers 2-4, each 1-2-ovuled, style lobes 2-4. Fruit a drupe, 2-4-stoned.

<==Rhamnus
    |--R. sect. Rhamnus H93
    |    |--R. alnifolia H93
    |    |--R. crocea H93
    |    |--R. ilicifolia [=R. crocea ssp. ilicifolia] H93
    |    |--R. pilosa [=R. crocea ssp. pilosa] H93
    |    `--R. pirifolia [=R. crocea ssp. pirifolia] H93
    `--R. sect. Frangula H93
         |--‘Frangula’ alnus F05
         |--R. californica RJ11 [=Frangula californica SK93]
         |    |--R. c. var. californica H93
         |    `--R. c. var. occidentalis H93
         |--‘Frangula’ palmeri SK93
         |--‘Frangula’ polymorpha SK93
         |--R. purshiana H93 [=Frangula purshiana SK93; incl. R. purshiana var. annonifolia H93]
         |--R. rubra (see below for synonymy) H93
         |--‘Frangula’ sphaerosperma SK93
         `--R. tomentella H93
              |--R. t. ssp. tomentella [=R. californica ssp. tomentella] H93
              |--R. t. ssp. crassifolia [=R. californica ssp. crassifolia] H93
              |--R. t. ssp. cuspidata [=R. californica ssp. cuspidata] H93
              `--R. t. ssp. ursina [=R. californica ssp. ursina] H93

Rhamnus incertae sedis:
  R. alaternus SK93
  R. alpina SK93
  R. brandonensis CBH93
  R. carniolica SK93
  R. catharticus D01
  R. crenulata SK93
  R. fallax SK93
  R. frangula C55
  R. glandulosa SK93
  R. integrifolia SK93
  R. lanceolata SK93
  R. lojaconoi R-CT01
  R. myrtifolia SK93
  R. nepalensis BB07
  R. prinoides SK93
  R. pumila SK93
  R. saxatilis SK93
  R. sphaerosperma J87
  R. tinctoria SK93

Rhamnus rubra [incl. R. rubra ssp. modocensis, R. rubra ssp. nevadensis, R. rubra ssp. obtusissima, R. rubra ssp. yosemitana] H93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB07] Baishya, A. K., & P. J. Bora. 2007. Cross community ethno-medico botany of Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve, Assam. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 121–154.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.

[D01] Doweld, A. B. 2001. The systematic relevance of fruit and seed structure in Bersama and Melianthus (Melianthaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 227: 75–103.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[R-CT01] Ragusa-di Chiara, S., & H. Tsolakis. 2001. Phytoseiid faunas of natural and agricultural ecosystems in Sicily. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 522–529. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[RJ11] Rising, J. D., A. Jaramillo, J. L. Copete, P. G. Ryan & S. C. Madge. 2011. Family Emberizidae (buntings and New World sparrows). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 428–683. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[SK93] Schirarend, C., & E. Köhler. 1993. Rhamnaceae Juss. World Pollen and Spore Flora 17/18: 1–53.

Reynosia

Darling plum Reynosia septentrionalis, from the Leon Levy National Plant Preserve.

Belongs within: Rhamnaceae.

Reynosia is a genus of shrubs and small trees found in the West Indies and adjoining regions of North and Central America.

Characters (from Flora of North America): Shrubs or small trees, unarmed; bud scales present. Leaves persistent, opposite; blade not gland-dotted; pinnately veined, secondary veins straight nearly to margins, higher order veins forming adaxially raised reticulum enclosing isodiametric areoles. Inflorescences axillary, fascicles or flowers solitary; pedicels not fleshy in fruit. Pedicels present. Flowers bisexual; hypanthium cupulate, 2–4 mm wide; sepals [4–]5, spreading, yellow-green, triangular-ovate, small-keeled adaxially, not crested; petals 0[4–5]; nectary fleshy, filling hypanthium, margin entire; stamens 5; ovary superior, 2-locular; style 1. Fruits drupes, 10–20 mm; stone 1, indehiscent.

<==Reynosia
    |--R. affinis SK93
    |--R. barbatula SK93
    |--R. cuneifolia SK93
    |--R. domingensis SK93
    |--R. guama SK93
    |--R. jamaicensis SK93
    |--R. krugii SK93
    |--R. retusa SK93
    |--R. revoluta SK93
    |--R. septentrionalis SK93
    |--R. uncinata SK93
    `--R. wrightii SK93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[SK93] Schirarend, C., & E. Köhler. 1993. Rhamnaceae Juss. World Pollen and Spore Flora 17/18: 1–53.

Pomaderris

Pomaderris vellea, copyright Melburnian.

Belongs within: Rhamnaceae.

Pomaderris is a genus of hairy shrubs and small trees found in Australia and New Zealand.

Characters (from Harden 1990): Shrubs or occasionally small trees; young stems, lower surface of leaves and inflorescences more or less tomentose, hairs generally stellate or mixed with, or concealed by, longer simple hairs. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate; stipules brown, scarious, usually shed early. Flowers usually yellow or sometimes whitish, mostly c. 2 mm long, clustered in small cymes mostly grouped into terminal panicles or corymbs, sometimes in head-like clusters; bracts surrounding buds usually shed early. Hypanthium fused to ovary and disc. Sepals 5, often reflexed. Petals absent or 5 and often falling early, not enclosing the stamens. Stamens 5; filaments usually long and incurved. Disc annular, surrounding the base of the ovary. Ovary more or less half-inferior. Capsule septicidal, generally fused for about half its length to hypanthium; separating into 3 mericarps that open on inner face. Mostly flowering in spring, with buds apparent for many months before flowers open.

<==Pomaderris Labill. 1804 A61
    |--P. andromedifolia B00
    |--P. angustifolia H90
    |--P. apetala Labill. 1804 [incl. P. mollis Col. 1893, P. tainui Hector 1879] A61
    |--P. argyrophylla H90
    |--P. aspera Sieb. ex DC. 1825 A61
    |--P. banksii Ettingshausen 1886 F71
    |--P. betulina SK93
    |--P. brogoensis H90
    |--P. cotoneaster B00
    |--P. brunnea H90
    |--P. cinerea H90
    |--P. cocoparrana H90
    |--P. costata H90
    |--P. cotoneaster H90
    |--P. discolor DC. 1825 A61
    |--P. edgerleyi Hooker 1864 L97, A61 [=P. prunifolia var. edgerleyi (Hooker) Moore in Allan 1961 A61]
    |--P. elachophylla H90
    |--P. elliptica SK93 [incl. P. multiflora Sieb. ex DC. 1825 H90, A61]
    |--P. eriocephala H90
    |--P. ferruginea SK93
    |--P. gilmourii H90
    |    |--P. g. var. gilmourii H90
    |    `--P. g. var. cana H90
    |--P. hamiltonii Moore in Allan 1961 A61
    |--P. helianthemifolia H90
    |--P. intermedia Sieb. ex DC. 1825 A61
    |--P. kumeraho Cunn. 1839 A61
    |--P. lanigera B00
    |--P. ledifolia H90
    |--P. ligustrina SK93
    |--P. nitidula H90
    |--P. notata H90
    |--P. oraria Muell. 1858 [=P. ovaria] A61
    |--P. pallida H90
    |--P. paniculosa L97
    |    |--P. p. var. paniculosa L97
    |    `--P. p. var. novae-zelandiae L97 [=P. oraria var. novae-zelandiae Moore in Allan 1961 A61]
    |--P. parrisiae H90
    |--P. pauciflora H90
    |--P. phylicifolia Lodd. ex Link 1821 A61
    |    |--P. p. var. phylicifolia A61
    |    |--P. p. var. ericifolia (Hook.) Moore in Allan 1961 [=P. ericifolia Hook. 1834; incl. P. amoena Col. 1886] A61
    |    |--P. p. var. ericoides H90
    |    `--P. p. var. polifolia (Reiss. & Muell.) Moore in Allan 1961 [=P. polifolia Reiss. & Muell. 1858] A61
    |--P. prunifolia Cunn. ex Fenzl 1837 A61
    |--P. queenslandica H90
    |--P. rugosa Cheesem. 1925 A61
    |--P. sericea H90
    |--P. sieberiana Wakefield 1951 A61
    |--P. subcapitata H90
    |--P. vellea H90
    |--P. velutina H90
    `--P. virgata H90

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[L97] Lange, P. J. de. 1997. Hebe brevifolia (Scrophulariaceae)—an ultramafic endemic of the Surville Cliffs, North Cape, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 35: 1–8.

[SK93] Schirarend, C., & E. Köhler. 1993. Rhamnaceae Juss. World Pollen and Spore Flora 17/18: 1–53.

Ceanothus

Littleleaf ceanothus Ceanothus parvifolius, copyright Dcrjsr.

Belongs within: Rhamnaceae.

Ceanothus, California lilac, is a North American genus of shrubs and small trees with showy flowers (Hickman 1993).

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Shrub, small tree, prostrate to erect, thorny or not. Stem with branches generally arranged as leaves. Leaves alternate or opposite, deciduous or evergreen, petioled; blade 1-3-ribbed from base, margin entire or not. Inflorescence generally panicle-like aggregations of umbel-like 3-flowered clusters. Flower generally >5 mm; hypanthium surrounding fleshy disk below ovary base, in fruit thick, not splitting; sepals generally 5, lanceolate-deltate, incurved, colored like petals, persistent; petals generally 5, hooded, white to deep blue; stamens generally 5, opposite petals; ovary superior, 3-lobed. chambers 3, each 1-ovuled, style parts 3. Fruit a capsule, more or less spheric, 3-valved. SEEDS 3, approximately 3 mm, one surface convex.

<==Ceanothus
    |--C. americanus SK93
    |--C. arboreus [incl. C. arboreus var. glabra] H93
    |--C. azureus SK93
    |--C. buxifolius SK93
    |--C. confusus [=C. divergens ssp. confusus] H93
    |--C. cordulatus RJ11
    |--C. crassifolius [incl. C. crassifolius var. planus] H93
    |--C. cuneatus SK93
    |    |--C. c. var. cuneatus [incl. C. cuneatus var. dubius, C. cuneatus var. submontanus] H93
    |    |--C. c. var. fascicularis H93
    |    `--C. c. var. rigidus [incl. C. rigidus var. albus] H93
    |--C. cyaneus H93
    |--C. dentatus [incl. C. dentatus var. floribundus] H93
    |--C. divaricatus SK93
    |--C. divergens H93
    |--C. diversifolius H93
    |--C. fendleri SK93
    |--C. ferrisae H93
    |--C. foliosus H93
    |    |--C. f. var. foliosus H93
    |    |--C. f. var. medius H93
    |    `--C. f. var. vineatus H93
    |--C. fresnensis H93
    |--C. gloriosus H93
    |    |--C. g. var. gloriosus H93
    |    |--C. g. var. exaltatus H93
    |    `--C. g. var. porrectus H93
    |--C. greggii RJ11
    |    |--C. g. var. greggii H93
    |    |--C. g. var. perplexans H93
    |    `--C. g. var. vestitus H93
    |--C. griseus [incl. C. griseus var. horizontalis] H93
    |--C. hearstiorum H93
    |--C. impressus [incl. C. impressus va. nipomensis] H93
    |--C. incanus H93
    |--C. integerrimus [incl. C. i. var. californicus, C. i. var. macrothyrsus, C. i. var. puberulus] H93
    |--C. jepsonii H93
    |    |--C. j. var. jepsonii H93
    |    `--C. j. var. albiflorus H93
    |--C. lemmonii H93
    |--C. leucodermis NT01
    |--C. × lorenzenii H93
    |--C. maritimus H93
    |--C. masonii H93
    |--C. megacarpus H93
    |    |--C. m. var. megacarpus [incl. C. megacarpus var. pendulus] H93
    |    `--C. m. var. insularis H93
    |--C. microphyllus SK93
    |--C. oliganthus [incl. C. oliganthus var. orcuttii] H93
    |--C. ophiochilus H93
    |--C. × otayensis H93
    |--C. palmeri H93
    |--C. papillosus H93
    |    |--C. p. var. papillosus H93
    |    `--C. p. var. roweanus H93
    |--C. parryi H93
    |--C. parvifolius H93
    |--C. pinetorum H93
    |--C. prostratus [incl. C. prostratus var. laxus, C. prostratus var. occidentalis] H93
    |--C. pumilus H93
    |--C. purpureus H93
    |--C. roderickii H93
    |--C. sanguineus SK93
    |--C. sonomensis H93
    |--C. sorediatus SK93 [=C. oliganthus var. sorediatus H93]
    |--C. spinosus H93
    |--C. thyrsiflorus [incl. C. thyrsiflorus var. repens] H93
    |--C. tomentosus [incl. C. tomentosus var. olivaceous] H93
    |--C. velutinus H93
    |    |--C. v. var. velutinus H93
    |    `--C. v. var. hookeri H93
    `--C. verrucosus H93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[NT01] Newton, A. F., M. K. Thayer, J. S. Ashe & D. S. Chandler. 2001. Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 272–418. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

[RJ11] Rising, J. D., A. Jaramillo, J. L. Copete, P. G. Ryan & S. C. Madge. 2011. Family Emberizidae (buntings and New World sparrows). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 428–683. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[SK93] Schirarend, C., & E. Köhler. 1993. Rhamnaceae Juss. World Pollen and Spore Flora 17/18: 1–53.

Cryptandra

Bitter cryptandra Cryptandra amara, copyright John Tann.

Belongs within: Rhamnaceae.

Cryptandra is an Australian genus of mostly heath-like shrubs.

Characters (from Harden 1990): Shrubs, mostly heath-like, branchlets often short and spinose. Leaves alternate, generally small and often clustered, lower surface usually whitish tomentose but often concealed by revolute margins. Flowers more or less sessile, crowded at ends of branchlets into spike-like inflorescences or clustered into small heads, each flower surrounded by persistent brown bracts. Flowers usually small, mostly hairy without, glabrous within. Hypanthium tubular, more or less fused to base of ovary but free and produced above ovary and disc, persistent. Sepals short or more or less equal to length of hypanthium, persistent. Petals hooded, usually enclosing anthers. Anthers usually more or less sessile on rim of hypanthium. Disc annular. Capsule enclosed in base of hypanthium.

<==Cryptandra
    |--C. amara C08
    |    |--C. a. var. amara H90
    |    |--C. a. var. floribunda H90
    |    `--C. a. var. longiflora H90
    |--C. arbutiflora OS04
    |    |--C. a. ssp. arbutiflora GK00
    |    `--C. a. ssp. minor GK00
    |--C. buxifolia H90
    |--C. ericifolia M87
    |--C. ericoides H90
    |--C. intonsa G04
    |--C. intratropica LK14
    |--C. lanosiflora H90
    |--C. leucophracta H90
    |--C. longistaminea H90
    |--C. minutifolia G04
    |--C. mutila KM08
    |--C. myriantha OS04
    |--C. propinqua H90
    |--C. pungens OS04
    |--C. scortechinii [=Stenanthemum scortechinii] H90
    |--C. spinescens H90
    |--C. spyridioides G04
    `--C. wilsonii G04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C08] Cambage, R. H. 1908. Notes on the native flora of New South Wales. Part VI. Deepwater to Torrington and Emmaville. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33 (1): 45–65, pls 1–2.

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 7. Middle and South Ironcap, Digger Rock and Hatter Hill. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 49–62.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[KM08] Keighery, G. J., & W. Muir. 2008. Vegetation and vascular flora of Faure Island, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 75: 11–19.

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[M87] Mueller, F. von. 1887. Some hitherto undescribed plants of New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1105–1110.

[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19–28.

Fragariinae

Lady's mantle Alchemilla venosa, from Gardeners' World.

Belongs within: Roperculina.

The Fragariinae are a clade of rosaceous plants defined by Eriksson et al. (2003) as the most inclusive clade including Fragaria vesca but no Potentilla anserina, P. reptans or Sanguisorba officinalis. Members of the genus Fragaria, the strawberries, are widely grown for their edible fruits.

<==Fragariinae
    |  i. s.: Sibbaldianthe [incl. Schistophyllidium] EH03
    |--+--Fragaria EH03
    |  |    |--F. × ananassa EH03 [=F. chiloensis var. ananassa RS99]
    |  |    |--F. chiloensis [incl. F. chiloensis ssp. pacifica] H93
    |  |    |--F. elatior C55b
    |  |    |--F. grandiflora TS07
    |  |    |--F. nilgerrensis O88
    |  |    |--F. nubicola O88
    |  |    |--F. vesca [incl. F. vesca ssp. californica, F. crinita] H93
    |  |    `--F. virginiana [incl. F. virginiana ssp. platypetala] H93
    |  `--+--Chamaerhodos erecta EH03
    |     |--Drymocallis EH03
    |     |    `--‘Potentilla’ arguta EH03
    |     `--Dasiphora [incl. Pentaphylloides] EH03
    |          `--‘Potentilla’ fruticosa EH03
    |               |--P. f. var. fruticosa O88
    |               |--P. f. var. ochreata O88
    |               |--P. f. var. pumila O88
    |               `--P. f. var. rigida O88
    `--+--‘Potentilla’ bifurca EH03
       |--Comarum EH03
       |    |--‘Potentilla’ palustris EH03
       |    `--‘Potentilla’ salesowianum EH03
       |--+--Sibbaldiopsis EH03
       |  |    `--‘Potentilla’ tridentata EH03
       |  `--Sibbaldia EH03
       |       |--S. cuneata O88
       |       |--S. micropetala O88
       |       |--S. perpusilloides O88
       |       |--S. procumbens EH03
       |       |--S. purpurea O88
       |       |--S. sikkimensis O88
       |       `--S. tetrandra O88
       `--+--Lachemilla EH03
          |--Zygalchemilla EH03
          |--Aphanes EH03
          |    |--A. arvensis EH03
          |    |--A. microcarpa HE80
          |    |--A. minutiflora GR98
          |    `--A. occidentalis [=Alchemilla occidentalis] H93
          `--Alchemilla EH03
               |  i. s.: A. alpina EH03
               |         A. arvensis C06
               |         A. minusculiflora H-AB00
               |         A. mollis EH03
               |         A. orthotricha H-AB00
               |         A. pseudocartalinica H-AB00
               |         A. straminea H-AB00
               |         A. vulgaris C55a
               |         A. ziganadagensis H-AB00
               `--A. sect. Alchemilla subsect. Calycantum ser. Calycinae H-AB00
                    |--A. ancerensis H-AB00
                    |--A. dura H-AB00
                    |--A. ellenbergiana H-AB00
                    |--A. procerrima H-AB00
                    |--A. retinervis H-AB00
                    |--A. transcaucasica H-AB00
                    `--A. venosa H-AB00

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[EH03] Eriksson, T., M. S. Hibbs, A. D. Yoder, C. F. Delwiche & M. J. Donoghue. 2003. The phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL/F region of chloroplast DNA. International Journal of Plant Science 164 (2): 197–211.

[GR98] Greuter, W., & T. Raus (eds.) 1998. Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. Willdenowia 28: 163–174.

[H-AB00] Hayirlioğlu-Ayaz, S., & O. Beyazoğlu. 2000. Chromosome counts of some Alchemilla species from series Calycinae. Biologia 55: 387–392.

[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. 3. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19-46.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1–248.

[TS07] Takafuji, A., S. Santoso, N. Hinomoto, C.-I. T. Shih, C.-C. Ho & T. Gotoh. 2007. Comparison between Taiwanese and Japanese populations of Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) in diapause characteristics and DNA sequences. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 705–714. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

Crataegus

Common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, copyright Jean-Pol Grandmont.

Belongs within: Rosaceae.

Crataegus, the hawthorns, is a diverse genus of often thorny shrubs and small trees found in northern temperate regions.

Characters (from Flora of China): Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous, rarely evergreen, armed, rarely unarmed; buds ovoid or subglobose. Leaves simple, stipulate, venation craspedodromous, margin serrate and lobed or partite, rarely entire. Inflorescences corymbose, sometimes flowers solitary. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, rarely pinkish. Stamens 5–25; carpels 1–5, connate, but free apically. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, with 2 ovules per locule, but one rudimentary. Fruit a pome, with persistent sepals at apex; carpels bony when mature, each locule with 1 seed; seed erect, cotyledons plano-convex.

<==Crataegus
    |--C. coccinea Linnaeus 1753 [incl. C. pedicellata Sargent 1901] PCM03
    |--C. cordata [=Mespilus cordata] PCM03
    |--C. dodgei PCM03
    |--C. holmesiana PCM03
    |--C. intricata PCM03
    |--C. laciniata R-CT01
    |--C. laevigata TG88
    |--C. magniflora PCM03
    |--C. maximowiczii [incl. C. sanguinea] LO98
    |--C. mollis PCM03
    |--C. monogyna BH02
    |--C. nigra PCM03
    |--C. oxyacantha C55
    |--C. phaenopyrum PCM03
    `--C. pringlei PCM03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BH02] Bell, J. R., A. J. Haughton, N. D. Boatman & A. Wilcox. 2002. Do incremental increases of the herbicide glyphosate have indirect consequences for spider communities? Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 288–297.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[LO98] Lack, H. W., & H. Ohba. 1998. Die Xylothek des Chikusai Kato. Willdenowia 28: 263–276.

[PCM03] Phipps, J. B., S. Cafferty & J. A. Macklin. 2003. Lectotypification of Crataegus coccinea L. and its conspecificity with C. pedicellata Sarg. (Rosaceae). Taxon 52: 337–338.

[R-CT01] Ragusa-di Chiara, S., & H. Tsolakis. 2001. Phytoseiid faunas of natural and agricultural ecosystems in Sicily. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 522–529. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[TG88] Tepfer, D., A. Goldmann, N. Pamboukdjian, M. Maille, A. Lepingle, D. Chevalier, J. Dénarié & C. Rosenberg. 1988. A plasmid of Rhizobium meliloti 41 encodes catabolism of two compounds from root exudate of Calystegium sepium. Journal of Bacteriology 170 (3): 1153–1161.

Rosales

Pear Pyrus communis 'Pepi', copyright Tauno Erik.

Belongs within: Fabidae.
Contains: Rhamnaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae, Moraceae, Celtidaceae, Crataegus, Cotoneaster, Rosoideae, Spiraeoideae, Prunus, Sorbus.

The Rosales is a clade of flowering plants uniting the Rosaceae with members of the previously recognised orders Rhamnales and Urticales. Members of the latter group are commonly wind-pollinated. Cecropia, a Neotropical genus of trees with large, circular, palmately lobed leaves, is a prominent member of the rainforest flora within its distribution. The Cannabaceae are a small family uniting two widely cultivated species, Cannabis sativa (marijuana) and Humulus lupulus (hops).

The Rosaceae are a diverse group of plants with typically five petals and sepals to a flower, and usually with numerous stamens forming a complete ring within the flower. They vary from trees to herbs and climbers and are cosmopolitan in distribution but most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere temperate zone. The Rosaceae are divided between four subfamilies, distinguishing features of which include the fruits: Rosoideae generally produce aggregate fruits whereas Amygdaloideae produce drupes and Maloideae produce pomes. The Spiraeoideae have been recognised as a group of shrubs mostly producing aggregate fruits, but monophyly of this group is uncertain. Commercially significant members of the Maloideae include the apple Malus pumila and the pears of the genus Pyrus.

Characters (from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website): mucilage cells present; roots diarch; prismatic crystals in ray cells (absent in Barbeyaceae and Elaeagnaceae); inflorescence cymose; hypanthium present, nectariferous, sepals valvate, petals clawed; stigma dry; ovule 1/carpel, epitropous, micropyle endostomal; calyx and/or hypanthium persistent in fruit.

Rosales WM09
    |--+--Rhamnales T00
    |  |    |--Rhamnaceae WM09
    |  |    |--Dirachma [Dirachmaceae] T00
    |  |    |--Barbeya [Barbeyaceae, Barbeyales, Barbeyanae] T00
    |  |    `--Elaeagnaceae T00
    |  `--Urticales HQC03
    |       |  i. s.: Cecropia WI-B09 [Cecropiaceae HQC03]
    |       |           |--C. exima K06
    |       |           |--C. obtusifolia WI-B09
    |       |           |--C. peltata K06
    |       |           |--C. pittieri RJ11
    |       |           `--C. reticulata H11
    |       |--Ulmaceae WM09
    |       `--+--+--Urticaceae WM09
    |          |  `--Moraceae WM09
    |          `--+--Celtidaceae WM09
    |             `--Cannabaceae [Cannabineae] WM09
    |                  |--Cannabis sativa [incl. C. indica, C. ruderalis] H90
    |                  |--Humulus lupulus HQC03
    |                  `--Humulopsis T00
    `--Rosaceae [Malaceae] WM09
         |  i. s.: Crataegus PCM03
         |         Mespilus germanica PCM03, R-CT01
         |         Cydonia Y98
         |           |--C. oblonga Y98
         |           |--C. sinensis C55b
         |           `--C. vulgaris C55b
         |         Osteomeles YY22
         |         Maddenia YY22
         |         Nuttalia YY22
         |         Parastemon YY22
         |         Sibiraea YY22
         |         Lecostomion YY22
         |         Eriobotrya japonica H06 [=Photinia japonica LO98]
         |         Aruncus dioicus [incl. A. sylvestris] H90
         |           |  i. s.: A. d. var. pubescens [incl. A. vulgaris] H93
         |           |--A. d. ssp. dioicus O88
         |           `--A. d. ssp. triternatus O88
         |         Cotoneaster V09
         |         Pourthiaea villosa LO98
         |           |--P. v. var. villosa LO98
         |           `--P. v. var. laevis [incl. Eleagnus longipes] LO98
         |         Photinia G07b
         |           |--P. × fraseri Dress 1961 CD07
         |           |--P. glabra LO98
         |           `--P. pyrifolia DI03
         |         Chaenomeles sinensis [=Pyrus chinensis] LO98
         |         Rhaphiolepis [=Raphiolepis] H90
         |           |--R. indica H90
         |           `--R. umbellata MH98
         |                |--R. u. var. umbellata MH98
         |                `--R. u. var. integerrima MH98
         |         Pyracantha H06
         |           |--P. angustifolia H06
         |           |--P. crenulata H06
         |           |--P. fortuneana H90
         |           `--P. rogersiana H90
         |         Micromeles Decaisne 1874 (see below for synonymy) G07b
         |           |--M. corymbifera G07b
         |           |--M. cuspidata G07b
         |           |--M. griffithii G07b
         |           |--M. meghalayensis G07b
         |           |--M. polycarpa G07b
         |           |--M. rhamnoides G07b
         |           `--M. thomsonii G07b
         |         Amelanchier H91
         |           |--A. alnifolia H93
         |           |    |--A. a. var. alnifolia H93
         |           |    |--A. a. var. pumila H93
         |           |    `--A. a. var. semiintegrifolia [incl. A. florida] H93
         |           |--A. canadensis H59
         |           |--A. ovalis H91
         |           |--A. utahensis [incl. A. utahensis ssp. covillei, A. pallida] H93
         |           `--A. vulgaris C55a
         |         Sorbaria V09
         |           |--S. sorbifolia RJ11
         |           `--S. tomentosa V09
         |         Chamaebatia H93
         |           |--C. australis H93
         |           `--C. foliolosa H93
         |         Chamaebatiaria millefolium H93
         |         Coleogyne ramosissima H93
         |         Heteromeles arbutifolia [incl. H. arbutifolia var. macrocarpa] H93
         |         Holodiscus H93
         |           |--H. discolor (see below for synonymy) H93
         |           `--H. microphyllus H93
         |                |--H. m. var. microphyllus [incl. H. microphyllus var. sericeus] H93
         |                `--H. m. var. glabrescens H93
         |         Luetkea pectinata H93
         |         Oemleria cerasiformis [=Osmaronia cerasiformis] H93
         |         Peraphyllum ramosissimum H93
         |         Petrophyton caespitosum H93
         |           |--P. c. ssp. caespitosum H93
         |           `--P. c. ssp. acuminatum H93
         |         Crataegites borealis Samylina 1960 CBH93
         |         Psilatricolporites undulatus CBH93
         |         Acia Schreb. 1791 KC01
         |         Tylosperma Botsch. 1952 KC01
         |--Rosoideae EH03
         |--Spiraeoideae T00
         |--Amygdaloideae [Amygdalaceae, Prunoideae] T00
         |    |--Exochorda T00
         |    |--Omleria T00
         |    |--Princepia T00
         |    |--Prunus EH03
         |    |--Laurocerasus caroliniana M93
         |    |--Persica C55b
         |    |    |--P. laevis C55b
         |    |    `--P. vulgaris C55b
         |    `--Amygdalus C55b
         |         |--A. communis C55b
         |         `--A. nana C55a
         `--Maloideae [Pomoideae, Pyroideae] G07a
              |--Kageneckia T00
              |--Vauquelinia californica T00, CP13
              |--Lindleya T00
              |--Porteranthus T00
              |--Sorbus G07a
              |--Docynia Decaisne 1874 G05
              |    |--D. hookeriana Decaisne 1874 G05
              |    `--D. indica (Wallich) Decaisne 1874 (see below for synonymy) G05
              |         |--D. i. var. indica G05
              |         `--D. i. var. griffithiana (Decaisne) Ghora 2005 [=D. griffithiana Decaisne 1874] G05
              |--Malus G07b
              |    |--M. domestica SB07
              |    |--M. fusca H93
              |    |--M. ioensis RJ11
              |    |--M. pumila FP01
              |    |--M. purpureae SB07
              |    |--M. sieboldii [incl. Pyrus toringo] LO98
              |    `--M. sylvestris SW03
              `--Pyrus G07b
                   |--P. amygdaliformis EP91
                   |--P. aria C55a
                   |--P. communis SB07
                   |--P. hondoensis TS93
                   |--P. ioensis KSM06
                   |--P. malus SW03
                   |--P. pashia H42
                   |--P. pyraster R-CT01
                   |--P. pyrifolia [incl. P. communis var. sinensis] LO98
                   `--P. serotina KC01

Docynia indica (Wallich) Decaisne 1874 [=Pyrus indica Colebr. ex Wallich 1831, Cydonia indica (Wallich) Spach 1834, Eriolobus indica (Wallich) Schneid. 1906] G05

Holodiscus discolor [incl. H. boursieri, H. discolor var. delnortensis, H. discolor var. dumosus, H. discolor var. franciscanus] H93

Micromeles Decaisne 1874 [=Pyrus sect. Micromeles Hooker 1878, Sorbus sect. Micromeles Rehder 1927] G07b

*Type species of generic name indicated

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Last updated: 20 September 2020.