Procurvata

Dorsum (left) and venter of Ereynetes meliponae, from OConnor & Klimov (2012).

Belongs within: Tydeoidea.
Contains: Pronematinae, Speleognathinae.

The Procurvata are a group of mites united by a procurved dehiscence line across the prodorsum (André & Fain 2000). It unites the Ereynetidae, which have two pairs of genital papillae, a characteristic deeply recessed solenidion in a sac-like structure on the first leg tarsus, and are often ornamented in a net-like pattern on the prodorsum and legs, and the Iolinidae, which have a single pair of genital papillae and usually have three or four elongated setae at the end of the tarsus. Within the Iolinidae, members of the subfamily Tydaeolinae lack an active tritonymphal instar (Walter et al. 2009).

<==Procurvata AF00
    |--Iolinidae [Iolinoidea] AF00
    |    |--Pronematinae WL09
    |    `--Tydaeolinae DW10
    |         |--Microtydeus Thor 1931 WL09, A05
    |         |    `--M. beltrani M83
    |         `--Tydaeolus WL09
    |              |--T. krantzi M83
    |              |--T. loadmani M83
    |              `--T. tenuiclaviger AF00
    `--Ereynetidae [Ereynetinae] AF00
         |  i. s.: Opsereynetes Thor 1932 AF00
         |           `--O. simplexus Baker 1945 AF00
         |         Hanriccardoella WL09
         |         Coccotydeus frequens Grandjean 1938 G39, G38
         |         Aureliania Fain 1958 H98
         |           `--A. aureliani (Fain 1955) [=Boydaia aureliani, Neoboydaia aureliani, N. aureliania (l. c.)] H98
         |         Domrownetes OConnor 1978 H98
         |           `--D. exul (Domrow 1975) [=Paraspeleognathopsis exul] H98
         |         Neospeleognathopsis Fain 1958 H98
         |           `--N. pteropus Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |         Ophthalmognathus Dubinin 1957 [incl. Neospeleognathus Fain 1958] H98
         |         Paraspeleognathopsis Fain 1958 H98
         |           |--P. bakeri (Fain 1955) [=Speleognathopsis bakeri] H98
         |           |--P. derricki (Womersley 1954) [=Boydaia derricki, Astrida derricki] H98
         |           `--P. exaeta Domrow 1991 H98
         |         Psittaboydaia Fain 1985 H98
         |           |--P. psittaculae (Fain 1962) [=Neoboydaia psittaculae] H98
         |           `--P. trichoglossi (Fain 1970) [=Aureliania trichoglossi] H98
         |         Ralliboydaia Fain 1962 H98
         |           `--R. porphyrionis (Domrow 1965) [=Speleognathopsis porphyrionis] H98
         |         Ereynetoides watsoni Fain 1962 SL71
         |--Gymnereynetes Fain 1964 AF00, F76
         |    `--G. macquariensis (Fain 1962) [=Ereynetes (Gymnereynetes) macquariensis] F76
         |--Pseudotydeus [Pseudotydeinae] AF00
         |    `--P. perplexus AF00
         |--+--Huntereynetes Fain 1964 AF00
         |  |    `--*H. scutulis (Hunter 1964) [=Ereynetoides scutulis, Ereynetes (*Huntereynetes) scutulis] AF00
         |  `--+--Hydranetes Kethley 1971 AF00
         |     |    `--H. tropisternus AF00
         |     `--+--Speleognathinae AF00
         |        `--Lawrencarinae AF00
         |             |--Xenopacarus africanus AF00, WL09
         |             `--+--Batracarus hylaranae AF00, AF91
         |                `--Lawrencarus Fain 1957 AF00, H98
         |                     |--L. angelae (Womersley 1953) [=Boydaia angelae] H98
         |                     |--L. domrowi Fain 1961 H98
         |                     |--L. eweri WL09
         |                     |--L. hylae Fain 1961 H98
         |                     |    |--L. h. hylae AF00
         |                     |    `--L. h. afrixali AF00
         |                     `--L. lechriodi AF00
         `--+--+--Proriccardoella AF00
            |  `--Riccardoella Berlese 1923 AF00
            |       |--*R. limacum (Schrank 1781) [=Acarus limacum] SB63
            |       |--R. concolor RP91
            |       `--R. oudemansi Thor 1932 H98
            `--Ereynetes Berlese 1883 AF00 [incl. Protereunetes Berlese 1923 ZF11, SB63]
                 |  i. s.: E. berlesei Oudemans 1928 SB63
                 |         ‘*Protereunetes’ agilis Berlese 1923 SB63
                 |         ‘Micrereunetes (Protereneutes)’ brevipes Berlese 1923 SB63
                 |         E. exilis AF00
                 |         E. limacum S22
                 |         E. ministralis (Koch 1838) [=Tydeus ministralis] SB63
                 |         E. papuanus AF00
                 |--E. (Ereynetes) AF00
                 |    |--*E. (E.) polymitus AF00 (see below for synonymy)
                 |    |--E. (E.) faini S76
                 |    |--E. (E.) galeatus (Berlese 1923) [=Micrereunetes galeatus] L90
                 |    |--E. (E.) husatoi Shiba 1976 S76
                 |    `--E. (E.) tadakii Shiba 1976 S76
                 `--E. (Anereynetes) meliponae AF00

*Ereynetes (Ereynetes) polymitus AF00 [=Tydeus polymitus AF00; incl. T. celeripes CF77, T. melanchlaenus CF77, T. tetranemus CF77]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A05] André, H. M. 2005. In search of the true Tydeus (Acari, Tydeidae). Journal of Natural History 39 (13): 975–1001.

[AF91] André, H. M., & A. Fain. 1991. Ontogeny in the Tydeoidea (Ereynetidae, Tydeidae and Iolinidae). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 297–300. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[AF00] André, H. M., & A. Fain. 2000. Phylogeny, ontogeny and adaptive radiation in the superfamily Tydeoidea (Acari: Actinedida), with a reappraisal of morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 130: 405–448.

[CF77] Canestrini, G., & F. Fanzago. 1877. Intorno agli Acari Italiani. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 5, 4: 69–208, pls 2–7.

[DW10] Dabert, M., W. Witalinski, A. Kazmierski, Z. Olszanowski & J. Dabert. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of acariform mites (Acari, Arachnida): strong conflict between phylogenetic signal and long-branch attraction artifacts. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (1): 222–241.

[F76] Fain, A. 1976. Acariens récoltés par le Dr. J. Travé aux iles subantarctiques II. Familles Acaridae, Anoetidae, Ereynetidae et Tarsonemidae (astigmates et prostigmates). Acarologia 18 (2): 302–328.

[G38] Grandjean, F. 1938. Observations sur les Tydeidae (2^e série). Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 2^e série 10 (6): 593–600.

[G39] Grandjean, F. 1939. Observations sur les acariens (5^e série). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 2^e Série 11 (4): 394–401.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[L90] Luxton, M. 1990. The marine littoral mites of the New Zealand region. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20 (4): 367–418.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[RP91] Raut, S. K., & A. Panigrahi. 1991. The mite Fuscuropoda marginata (C. L. Koch) for the control of pest slugs Laevicaulis alte (Férussac). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 683–687. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[S22] Schweizer, J. 1922. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 33: 23–112, 4 pls.

[SB63] Schweizer, J., & C. Bader. 1963. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Trombidiformes Reuter, mit 217 Arten und Unterarten und 193 Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84 (2): i–vi, 209–378.

[S76] Shiba, M. 1976. Taxonomic investigation on free-living Prostigmata from the Malay Peninsula. Nature and Life in Southeast Asia 7: 83–229.

[SL71] Spain, A. V., & M. Luxton. 1971. Catalog and bibliography of the Acari of the New Zealand subregion. Pacific Insects Monograph 25: 179–226.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[ZF11] Zhang, Z.-Q., Q.-H. Fan, V. Pesic, H. Smit, A. V. Bochkov, A. A. Khaustov, A. Baker, A. Wohltmann, T. Wen, J. W. Amrine, P. Beron, J. Lin, G. Gabryś & R. Husband. 2011. Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 129–138.

Last updated: 19 July 2022.