Rhizosoleniaceae

Rhizosolenia sp., from here.

Belongs within: Diatomea.

The Rhizosoleniaceae are a group of centric diatoms in which the cylindrical cells are united in chains.

<==Rhizosoleniaceae [Rhizosoleniales, Rhizosoleniophycidae]
    |--Guinardia flaccida RA05
    `--Rhizosolenia KI02
         |--R. alata B26
         |--R. barboi BC79
         |--R. curvirostris BC79
         |--R. hebetata B26
         |--R. praebergonii BC79
         |--R. semispina B26
         |--R. setigera KI02
         |--R. shrubsolei B26
         |--R. stolforthii B26
         `--R. styliformis B26

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC79] Berggren, W. A., & J. A. Van Couvering. 1979. Quaternary. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A505–A543. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.

[KI02] Kawachi, M., I. Inouye, D. Honda, C. J. O’Kelly, J. C. Bailey, R. R. Bidigare & R. A. Andersen. 2002. The Pinguiophyceae classis nova, a new class of photosynthetic stramenopiles whose members produce large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Phycological Research 50: 31–47.

[RA05] Rath, J., & S. P. Adhikary. 2005. A check list of algae from Chilika Lake, Orissa. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 101–114.

Actinodiscaceae

Actinocyclus normanii, copyright Kristian Peters.

Belongs within: Diatomea.

The Actinodiscaceae are a group of centric diatoms with radially ribbed valves.

<==Actinodiscaceae W61
    |--Cosmiodiscus elegans W61
    |--Actinoptychus Ehrenberg 1839 W61
    |    |--A. constellatus H04
    |    |--A. heliopelta H04
    |    |--A. senarius G75
    |    |--A. splendens G75
    |    |--A. undulatus B26
    |    `--A. vulgaris Schumann 1867 W61
    |--Aulacodiscus Ehrenberg 1844 W61
    |    |--A. beeveriae W61
    |    |--A. brownei Norman in Pritch. 1861 [incl. A. probabilis A.S. 1875] W61
    |    |--A. grevilleanus H04
    |    |--A. kittoni W61
    |    |    |--A. k. var. kittoni W61
    |    |    `--A. k. var. johnsonii (Arnott) Ratt. 1888 [=A. johnsonii Arnott in Pritch. 1861] W61
    |    `--A. mammosus H04
    `--Actinocyclus Ehrenberg 1839 W61, G75
         |--A. barklyi W61
         |    |--A. b. var. barklyi W61
         |    `--A. b. var. aggregatus W61
         |--A. curvatulus CS-C06
         |--A. ehrenbergii W61
         |--A. moniliformis W61
         |--A. normanii P98
         |--A. octonarius G75
         `--A. oculatus BC79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC79] Berggren, W. A., & J. A. Van Couvering. 1979. Quaternary. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A505–A543. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.

[G75] Giffen, M. H. 1975. An account of the littoral diatoms from Langebaan, Saldanha Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Botanica Marina 18: 71–95.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[W61] Wood, E. J. F. 1961. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. V.—The Rawson Collection of recent diatoms. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 699–712.

Eucentricophycidae

Coscinodiscus radiatus, copyright Geographer.

Belongs within: Diatomea.

The Eucentricophycidae is a group containing the majority of radial centric diatoms.

<==Eucentricophycidae
    |--Biddulphiaceae [Biddulphiales] C-SC06
    |    |--Biddulphia Gray 1821 G75
    |    |    |--B. aurita W61
    |    |    |--B. granulata H04
    |    |    |--B. heteroceros RA05
    |    |    |--B. obtusa [=B. aurita var. obtusa] G75
    |    |    |--B. pulchella W61
    |    |    |--B. reticulata W61
    |    |    |    |--B. r. var. reticulata W61
    |    |    |    `--B. r. var. rawsonii Wood 1961 W61
    |    |    `--B. turgida W61
    |    `--Triceratium Ehrenberg 1841 W61, G75
    |         |--T. alternans G75
    |         |--T. antediluvianum [=Amphitetras antediluviana] G75
    |         |--T. archangelskianum P98
    |         |--T. digitale H04
    |         |--T. favus G75
    |         |--T. mirificum H04
    |         |--T. moronense H04
    |         |--T. pentacrinus H04
    |         |--T. reticulatum G75
    |         `--T. robertsianum H04
    `--Coscinodiscaceae [Coscinodiscales] C-SC06
         |--Hyalodiscus Ehrenberg 1845 W61
         |    |--H. maximus Petit 1877 [=Podosira maxima] W61
         |    |--H. pustulatus W61
         |    |--H. scoticus G75
         |    `--H. subtilis W61
         `--Coscinodiscus Ehrenberg 1838 G75
              |--C. argus Ehr. 1839 [incl. C. crassus Bail. 1856, C. heteroporus Ehr. 1844] CFW59
              |--C. asteromphalus B26
              |--C. centralis W61
              |--C. concinnus B26
              |--C. curvulatus G75
              |--C. debilis Grove in A.S. 1890 CFW59
              |--C. denarius B26
              |--C. excentricus G75
              |--C. gigas W61
              |--C. kolbei BC79
              |--C. kuetzingiana G75
              |--C. lineatus G75
              |--C. locustris SG05
              |--C. marginatus G75
              |--C. nitidus G75
              |--C. oculus-iridis G75
              |--C. perforatus G75
              |    |--C. p. var. perforatus G75
              |    `--C. p. var. cellulosus G75
              |--C. radiatus C-SC06
              |--C. subbulliens B26
              |--C. subtilis Ehrenberg 1838 M70
              `--C. woodwardii B26

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC79] Berggren, W. A., & J. A. Van Couvering. 1979. Quaternary. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A505–A543. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.

[CFW59] Crosby, L. H., & E. J. Ferguson Wood. 1959. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. II.—Normally epontic and benthic genera. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 1–58, pls 1–9.

[G75] Giffen, M. H. 1975. An account of the littoral diatoms from Langebaan, Saldanha Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Botanica Marina 18: 71–95.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[M70] Meel, L. van. 1970. Etudes limnologiques en Belgique. VI.—Les méandres de la Durme à Hamme (Province de Flandre Orientale). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 46 (13): 1–56.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[RA05] Rath, J., & S. P. Adhikary. 2005. A check list of algae from Chilika Lake, Orissa. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 101–114.

[SG05] Sau, A., & R. K. Gupta. 2005. Algal flora of Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 63–86.

[W61] Wood, E. J. F. 1961. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. V.—The Rawson Collection of recent diatoms. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 699–712.

Thalassiosira

Thalassiosira weissflogii, from Bold Systems.

Belongs within: Mediophyceae.

Thalassiosira is a genus of centric diatoms found primarily in marine waters, with some species found in fresh water.

Characters (from Spaulding & Edlund, 2008): Valve face flat or tangentially undulate; fultoportulae one to several near the center valve; valve margin with spines or occluded processes; mantle narrow.

Thalassiosira
    |--T. allenii CH97
    |--T. baltica B26
    |--T. bioculata B26
    |--T. clevei B26
    |--T. convexa BC79
    |--T. decipiens B26
    |--T. gravida OHJ84
    |--T. guillardii C-SC06
    |--T. hyalina B26
    |--T. nordenskioeldii DG01
    |--T. pseudonana Hasle & Hiemdal 1970 AS12
    |--T. punctigera G00
    |--T. rotula C-SC06
    |--T. subtilis RA05
    `--T. weissflogii TJ06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[BC79] Berggren, W. A., & J. A. Van Couvering. 1979. Quaternary. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A505–A543. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.

[CH97] Castro, P., & M. E. Huber. 1997. Marine Biology 2^nd ed. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.

[DG01] Daugbjerg, N., & L. Guillou. 2001. Phylogenetic analyses of Bolidophyceae (Heterokontophyta) using rbcL gene sequences support their sister group relationship to diatoms. Phycologia 40 (2): 153–161.

[G00] Gromov, B. V. 2000. Algal parasites of the genera Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, and Pseudaphelidium from Cienkovski’s “Monadinea” group as representatives of a new class. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 79 (5): 517–525 (transl. Entomological Review 80 (Suppl. 1): S26–S34).

[OHJ84] Østgaard, K., E. N. Hegseth & A. Jensen. 1984. Species-dependent sensitivity of marine planktonic algae to Ekofisk crude oil under different light conditions. Botanica Marina 27: 309–318.

[RA05] Rath, J., & S. P. Adhikary. 2005. A check list of algae from Chilika Lake, Orissa. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 101–114.

[TJ06] Taukulis, F. E., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms as ecological indicators in lakes and streams of varying salinity from the wheatbelt region of Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (1): 17–25.

Bacillariales

Nitzschia sp., copyright Kristian Peters.

Belongs within: Bacillariophyceae.
Contains: Navicula, Caloneis, Pinnularia, Pleurosigma, Stauroneis, Amphiprora, Diploneis, Mastogloia, Cymbella, Epithemia, Amphora.

The Bacillariales is a group of pennate diatoms possessing a raphe system.

Bacillariales [Biraphidineae]
    |--+--Naviculaceae SG05
    |  |    |--Navicula C-SC06
    |  |    |--Caloneis SG05
    |  |    |--Meridion circulare SG05
    |  |    |--Pinnularia SG05
    |  |    |--Pleurosigma SG05
    |  |    |--Stauroneis SG05
    |  |    |--Amphiprora W61b
    |  |    |--Gyrosigma RA05
    |  |    |    |--G. acuminatum RA05
    |  |    |    |--G. limosum UPS98
    |  |    |    `--G. littorale UPS98
    |  |    |--Diploneis W61b
    |  |    |--Dictyoneis Cleve 1890 W61a
    |  |    |    `--D. marginata (Lewis) Cleve 1890 [=Navicula marginata Lewis 1862] W61a
    |  |    |--Frustulia Ag. 1824 W61b
    |  |    |    |--F. lanceolata (Agh.) Kützing 1844 CFW59
    |  |    |    |--F. rhomboides (Ehrenberg) de Toni 1891 [=Navicula rhomboides Ehrenberg 1843] CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--F. r. var. rhomboides W61b
    |  |    |    |    |--F. r. var. amphipleuroides W61b
    |  |    |    |    `--F. r. var. saxonica W61a
    |  |    |    |         |--F. r. var. s. f. saxonica W61a
    |  |    |    |         `--F. r. var. s. f. undulata Hust. 1930 W61a
    |  |    |    `--F. weinholdii Hust. 1936 W61b
    |  |    |--Trachyneis Cleve 1894 W61b
    |  |    |    |--T. aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--T. a. var. aspera W61a
    |  |    |    |    `--T. a. var. pulchella (Smith) Cleve 1894 [=Stauroneis pulchella Smith 1853] W61a
    |  |    |    `--T. johnsoniana [=Navicula johnsoniana Grev. 1861] CFW59
    |  |    |--Anomoeoneis Pfitzer 1871 W61a
    |  |    |    |--A. serians (Brebisson) Cleve 1895 CFW59 (see below for synonymy)
    |  |    |    |    |--A. s. var. serians W61a
    |  |    |    |    `--A. s. var. brachysira (Brebisson) Hust. 1930 (see below for synonymy) W61a
    |  |    |    |         |--A. s. var. b. f. brachysira W61a
    |  |    |    |         |--A. s. var. b. f. genuina W61a
    |  |    |    |         `--A. s. var. b. f. thermalis W6a1
    |  |    |    `--A. sphaerophora (Kützing) Pfitzer 1871 [=Navicula sphaerophora Kützing 1844] CFW59
    |  |    |--Mastogloia W61b
    |  |    |--Neidium Pfitzer 1871 W61b
    |  |    |    |--N. affine (Ehrenberg) Pfitzer 1871 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--N. a. var. affine CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--N. a. var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula amphirhynchus Ehrenberg 1843] CFW59
    |  |    |    |    `--N. a. var. undulatum [=Navicula affinis var. undulata] CFW59
    |  |    |    |--N. amphigomphus (Ehrenberg) Pfitzer 1871 [=Navicula amphigomphus Ehrenberg 1843] CFW59
    |  |    |    |--N. bisulcatum (Lagerstet) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula bisulcata Lagerstet 1873] CFW59
    |  |    |    |--N. dubium (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula dubia] CFW59
    |  |    |    `--N. iridis (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |--Tropidoneis Cleve 1891 W61b
    |  |    |    |--T. lepidoptera (Greg.) Cleve 1894 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |    `--T. vitrea G75
    |  |    |--Schizonema G75
    |  |    |    |--S. grevillei Ag. 1830 G75, CFW59 [=Navicula grevillei (Agardh) Cleve 1894 G75]
    |  |    |    `--S. ramosissimum G75
    |  |    `--Berkeleya Greville 1827 G75 [incl. Amphipleura Kützing 1944 CFW59, G75]
    |  |         |--‘Bangia’ micans Lyngb. 1819 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |         |    |--B. m. var. micans CFW59
    |  |         |    `--‘Amphipleura’ micans var. fragilis [=Berkeleya fragilis] CFW59
    |  |         `--B. rutilans [=Schizonema rutilans] G75
    |  `--+--Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin 1897 C-SC06, GPN97
    |     |--Cymbellaceae W61b
    |     |    |--Cymbella SG05
    |     |    |--Epithemia W61b
    |     |    |--Gomphoneis Cleve 1894 W61b
    |     |    |    |--G. herculeanum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Gomphonema herculeanum Ehrenberg 1854] W61b
    |     |    |    `--G. mamilla (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Gomphonema mamilla Ehrenberg 1854] W61a
    |     |    `--Amphora C-SC06
    |     `--Eolimna C-SC06
    |          |--E. minima C-SC06
    |          `--E. subminuscula C-SC06
    `--Nitzschia Hassall 1845 C-SC06, G75 [Nitzschiaceae SG05]
         |--N. acicularis (Kützing) Smith 1853 GPN97
         |--N. acuminata (W. Sm.) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Tryblionella acuminata W. Sm. 1853] W61b
         |--N. aerophila G75
         |--N. aestatis Giffen 1973 G75
         |--N. amphibia SG05
         |    |--N. a. var. amphibia CFW59
         |    `--N. a. var. acutiuscula Cl. & Grun. 1880 CFW59
         |--N. angularis W. Sm. 1853 CFW59
         |--N. angustata SG05
         |    |--N. a. var. angustata SG05
         |    `--N. a. var. acuta SG05
         |--N. apiculata C-SC06
         |--N. australis (Perag.) Mann 1937 [=N. dubia var. australe Perag. 1921] W61a
         |--N. brebissonii W. Sm. 1853 CFW59
         |--N. bremenensis Hust. in A.S. 1921 W61a
         |--N. brightwellii Kitton in Pritch. 1861 W61a
         |--N. circumsuta (Bail.) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Surirella circumsuta Bail. 1850] W61b
         |--N. closterium (Ehr.) W. Sm. 1853 CFW59 (see below for synonymy)
         |--N. cocconeiformis G75
         |--N. commutata Grunow in Cleve & Grunow 1880 [=Navicula commutata] SV03
         |--N. composita Giffen 1971 G75
         |--N. compressa (Bail.) Boyer 1916 [=Pyxidicula compressa Bail. 1850] W61a
         |    |--N. c. var. compressa W61a
         |    `--N. c. var. minor W61a
         |--N. condemnata Cholnoky 1968 G75
         |--N. dissipata (Kützing) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 G75, CFW59 [=Synedra dissipata Kützing 1844 CFW59]
         |--N. distans G75
         |    |--N. d. var. distans W61a
         |    |--N. d. var. australiensis CFW59
         |    `--N. d. var. tumescens Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 W61a
         |--N. entomon CFW59
         |--N. fasciculata TaJ06
         |--N. frustulum G75
         |    |--N. f. var. frustulum G75
         |    `--N. f. var. subsalinum Hustedt 1930 G75
         |--N. gracilis Hantzsch 1859 W61a
         |--N. graeffii Grun. in Cleve 1878 W61a
         |--N. grandis W61a
         |--N. granulata Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Tryblionella granulata Grun. in Cleve 1878] W61b
         |--N. groveana [incl. N. antiqua] CFW59
         |--N. grovei CFW59
         |--N. gruendleri Grun. in Cl. 1877 CFW59
         |--N. guineensis Hust. 1922 CFW59
         |--N. hummii TaJ06
         |--N. hungarica Grun. 1862 CFW59
         |--N. hybridaeformis Hustedt 1955 G75
         |--N. jouseae BC79
         |--N. lanceolata G75
         |--N. lata [=N. panduriformis var. lata] CFW59
         |--N. linearis SG05
         |--N. litoralis [=N. tryblionella var. litoralis] G75
         |--N. longissima (Breb.) Ralfs in Pritch. 1861 [=Ceratoneis longissima Breb. in Kütz. 1849] CFW59
         |--N. lorenziana Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 W61a
         |--N. marginulata CFW59
         |    |--N. m. var. marginulata CFW59
         |    `--N. m. var. subconstricta Cl. & Grun. 1880 CFW59
         |--N. martiana (Ag.) Schütt 1896 [=Homoeocladia martiana Ag. 1830; incl. H. moniliformis Kütz. 1844] CFW59
         |--N. media G75
         |--N. miserabilis Cholnoky 1963 G75
         |--N. mollis Hustedt 1951
         |--N. nicobarica CFW59
         |--N. novae-hollandiae CFW59
         |--N. obtusa TaJ06
         |    |--N. o. var. obtusa TaJ06
         |    `--N. o. var. scalpelliformis TaJ06
         |--N. ovalis G75
         |--N. pacifica Cupp 1943 CFW59
         |--N. palea TaJ06
         |--N. paleaeformis ThJ06
         |--N. panduriformis Greg. 1857 W61b
         |--N. paradoxa (Gmelin) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow 1880 M70
         |--N. plana W. Sm. 1853 CFW59
         |--N. polaris Grun. 1884 W61a
         |--N. procera Hustedt 1955 G75
         |--N. pseudohybrida Hustedt 1955 G75
         |--N. punctata (Smith) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Tryblionella punctata Smith 1883] W61a
         |--N. pungens BMG95
         |--N. pusilla TaJ06
         |--N. reinholdii BC79
         |--N. (sect. Panduriformes) rorida Giffen 1975 G75
         |--N. ruda Cholnoky 1968 [=N. rudis] G75
         |--N. seriata Cl. 1883 CFW59
         |--N. sigma (Kütz.) W. Sm. 1853 [=Synedra sigma Kütz. 1844] CFW59
         |    |--N. s. var. sigma W61a
         |    `--N. s. var. rigida Grun. in Schneider 1878 W61a
         |--N. sigmoidea (Ehrenberg) Smith 1853 M70
         |--N. spathulata Smith 1853 G75
         |--N. spectabilis CFW59
         |--N. steenbergensis Giffen 1973 G75
         |--N. stompsii Cholnoky 1963 G75
         |--N. subacuta Hust. in A.S. 1922 W61a
         |--N. tenuistriata Hust. 1922 CFW59
         |--N. tryblionella Hantzsch 1859 [incl. Tryblionella hantzschiana Grun. 1862] W61a
         |    |--N. t. var. tryblionella W61b
         |    |--N. t. var. levidensis (Smith) Grun. in v H. 1880-1885 [=Tryblionella levidensis Smith 1856] W61a
         |    |--N. t. var. victoriae W61a
         |    `--N. t. var. yarrensis Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 W61b
         |--N. vidovichii [=Homeocladia vidovichii] G75
         |--N. vitrea Norm. 1861 W61a
         |    |--N. v. var. vitrea W61a
         |    `--N. v. var. subvitrea [=N. subvitrea Hust. 1927] W61a
         `--N. vulpeculoides Giffen 1973 G75

Bacillariales incertae sedis:
  Bacillariaceae W61b
    |--Bacillaria paxillifer (Müller) Nitzsch 1817 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    `--Hantzschia Grunow 1880 W61b, G75
         |--H. amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow 1880 SV03 [=Eunotia amphioxys Ehr. 1843 CFW59]
         |    |--H. a. var. amphioxys CFW59
         |    `--H. a. var. elongata [incl. Eunotia dianae] CFW59
         |--H. baltica TaJ06
         |--H. hyperborea SV03
         |--H. insolita Giffen 1967 G75
         `--H. virgata (Roper) Grunow 1880 SV03 [=Nitzschia virgata Roper 1858 W61b]

Anomoeoneis serians (Brebisson) Cleve 1895 CFW59 [=Frustulia serians Brebisson in Kützing 1844 CFW59, Navicula serians Kützing 1844 CFW59; incl. N. punctulata G75]

Anomoeoneis serians var. brachysira (Brebisson) Hust. 1930 [=Navicula brachysira, A. brachysira Cl.-Eul. 1953; incl. Cymbella beverleiana] W61a

Bacillaria paxillifer (Müller) Nitzsch 1817 [=Vibrio paxillifer Müller 1786; incl. B. paradoxa Gmelin 1788] CFW59

‘Bangia’ micans Lyngb. 1819 [=Amphipleura micans (Lyngb.) Cleve 1894; incl. Berkeleya adriatica Grun. 1867] CFW59

Neidium affine (Ehrenberg) Pfitzer 1871 [=Navicula affine Ehrenberg 1843; incl. Na. amphilepta Ehrenberg 1869] CFW59

Neidium iridis (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula iridis Ehrenberg 1843; incl. Na. firma Kützing 1844] CFW59

Nitzschia closterium (Ehr.) W. Sm. 1853 CFW59 [=Ceratoneis closterium Ehr. 1840 CFW59, Cylindrotheca closterium G75]

Trachyneis aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Pinnularia aspera Ehrenberg 1840, Navicula aspera Ehrenberg 1854] CFW59

Tropidoneis lepidoptera (Greg.) Cleve 1894 [=Amphiprora lepidoptera Greg. 1857; incl. A. delicatula Grev. 1863, A. eximia Grev. 1863] CFW59

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC79] Berggren, W. A., & J. A. Van Couvering. 1979. Quaternary. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A505–A543. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[BMG95] Berland, B. R., S. Y. Maestrini & D. Grzebyk. 1995. Observations on possible life cycle stages of the dinoflagellates Dinophysis cf. acuminata, Dinophysis acuta and Dinophysis pavillardi. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 9: 183–189.

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.

[CFW59] Crosby, L. H., & E. J. Ferguson Wood. 1959. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. II.—Normally epontic and benthic genera. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 1–58, pls 1–9.

[GPN97] Gatenby, C. M., B. C. Parker & R. J. Neves. 1997. Growth and survival of juvenile rainbow mussels, Villosa iris (Lea, 1829) (Bivalvia: Unionidae), reared on algal diets and sediment. American Malacological Bulletin 14 (1): 57–66.

[G75] Giffen, M. H. 1975. An account of the littoral diatoms from Langebaan, Saldanha Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Botanica Marina 18: 71–95.

[M70] Meel, L. van. 1970. Etudes limnologiques en Belgique. VI.—Les méandres de la Durme à Hamme (Province de Flandre Orientale). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 46 (13): 1–56.

[RA05] Rath, J., & S. P. Adhikary. 2005. A check list of algae from Chilika Lake, Orissa. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 101–114.

[SV03] Sabbe, K., E. Verleyen, D. A. Hodgson, K. Vanhoutte & W. Vyverman. 2003. Benthic diatom flora of freshwater and saline lakes in the Larsemann Hills and Rauer Islands, East Antarctica. Antarctic Science 15 (2): 227–248.

[SG05] Sau, A., & R. K. Gupta. 2005. Algal flora of Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 63–86.

[TaJ06] Taukulis, F. E., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms as ecological indicators in lakes and streams of varying salinity from the wheatbelt region of Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (1): 17–25.

[ThJ06] Thomas, E. J., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms and macroinvertebrates as biomonitors of mine-lakes in Collie, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (3): 109–117.

[UPS98] Underwood, G. J. C., J. Phillips & K. Saunders. 1998. Distribution of estuarine benthic diatom species along salinity and nutrient gradients. European Journal of Phycology 33: 173–183.

[W61a] Wood, E. J. F. 1961a. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. IV.—Descriptions of further sedentary species. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 669–698.

[W61b] Wood, E. J. F. 1961b. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. V.—The Rawson Collection of recent diatoms. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 699–712.

Diatomea

Girdle view of Corethron criophilum, copyright Wendy Kozlowski.

Belongs within: Ochrophyta.
Contains: Rhizosoleniaceae, Achnanthes, Cocconeis, Surirellaceae, Auliscus, Stephanodiscus, Eucentricophycidae, Actinodiscaceae, Melosiraceae, Bacillariophyceae, Mediophyceae.

The Diatomea, diatoms, are a group of mostly photosynthetic protists with a cell wall composed of a pair of siliceous valves.

Characters (from Adl et al. 2012): Vegetative cells cylindrical with a circular, elongate or multipolar cross-section, lacking any trace of cilia except as the sperm of centric lineages; cell wall complete, composed of tightly integrated silicified elements and comprised of two valves, one at each end of cell, with several girdle bands as hoops or segments covering cylindrical ‘girdle’ lying between valves; chloroplasts usually present, bounded by four membranes, and with lamellae of three thylakoids and a ring nucleoid (rarely multiple nucleoids); ciliated sperm cells bearing a single anterior cilium with a 9 + 0 axoneme and mastigonemes; life cycle diplontic and of unique pattern with slow size reduction over several years during the phase, caused by an unusual internal wall morphogenesis, alternating with rapid size restitution via a growth phase (auxospore) over several days.

<==Diatomea [Araphidineae, Bacillariophyta, Centricophyceae, Coscinophytina, Diatomeae, Discineae, Pennales] AS12
    |--+--Corethron [Corethrales, Corethrophycidae] C-SC06
    |  |    |--C. criophilum C-SC06
    |  |    `--C. valdiviae B26
    |  `--+--Eucentricophycidae C-SC06
    |     `--Actinodiscaceae C-SC06
    `--+--+--Aulacoseira distans C-SC06
       |  `--Melosiraceae C-SC06
       `--Bacillariophytina AS12
            |--Bacillariophyceae C-SC06
            `--Mediophyceae C-SC06

Diatomea incertae sedis:
  Rhizosoleniaceae RA05
  Streptotheca thamensis KI02
  Detonula DG01
    |--D. confervacea DG01
    `--D. cystifera B26
  Planothidium quadripunctatum (Oppenheim) Sabbe in Sabbe, Verleyen et al. 2003 (see below for synonymy) SV03
  Nanofrustulum shiloi (Lee, Reimer & McEnery) Round, Hallenstein & Paasche 1999 (see below for synonymy) SV03
  Sellaphora seminulum [=Navicula seminulum] SV03
  Chamaepinnularia krookii [=Pinnularia krookii] SV03
  Achnanthidium SV03
    |--A. kryophilum SV03
    |--A. lanceolatum TaJ06
    |--A. minutissimum TaJ06
    |--A. oblongella ThJ06
    `--A. reidensis TaJ06
  Eucocconeis austriaca [=Achnanthes austriaca] SV03
  Pseudostaurosira perminuta SV03
  Staurophora (nom. cons.) C03
  Alveus marinus P98
  Dictyopyxis Ehrenberg 1844 FT93
  Stauroforma SV03
    |--S. exiguiformis SV03
    `--S. inermis Flower, Jones & Round 1996 SV03
  Muelleria SV03
    |--M. gibbula [=Navicula gibbula] SV03
    `--M. peraustralis (West & West) Spaulding & Stoermer 1997 SV03
  Luticola SV03
    |--L. murrayi (West & West) Mann 1990 SV03
    |--L. muticopsis (van Heurck) Mann 1990 SV03
    `--L. palaearctica SV03
  Craspedostauros SV03
    |--C. britannicus SV03
    |--C. indubitabilis SV03
    `--C. laevissimus (West & West) Sabbe in Sabbe, Verleyen et al. 2003 (see below for synonymy) SV03
  Diadesmis SV03
    |--D. arcuata SV03
    |--D. contenta [=Navicula contenta] SV03
    |--D. gallica Smith 1857 SV03
    |--D. implicata SV03
    `--D. perpusilla (Grunow) Mann 1990 [=Navicula gallica var. perpusilla] SV03
  Achnanthaceae [Achnanthoideae, Monoraphidineae] W61b
    |--Achnanthes SV03
    |--Cocconeis W61b
    |--Campyloneis Grun. 1862 W61b
    |    `--C. grevillei (Smith) Grun. 1868 [=Cocconeis grevillei Smith 1853] W61a
    `--Rhoicosphenia Grunow 1860 W61b
         |--R. curvata (Kützing) Grun. 1860 [=Gomphonema curvatum Kützing 1844] W61a
         |--R. flexa Giffen 1970 G75
         `--R. marina [=R. curvata f. marina] G75
  Psammothidium SV03
    |--P. abundans (Manguin) Bukhtiyarova & Round 1996 SV03
    |--P. chlidanos SV03
    |--P. daonense SV03
    |--P. germainii (Manguin) Sabbe in Sabbe, Verleyen et al. 2003 [=Achnanthes germainii] SV03
    |--P. helveticum SV03
    |--P. marginulatum SV03
    |--P. metakryophilum (Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt) Sabbe in Sabbe, Verleyen et al. 2003 (see below for synonymy) SV03
    |--P. stauroneioides (Manguin) Bukhtiyarova 1996 [=P. stauroneioideum (l. c.)] SV03
    `--P. subatomoides SV03
  Brachysira ThJ06
    |--B. aponina TaJ06
    `--B. brebissonii ThJ06
  Camphylodiscus clypeus TaJ06
    |--C. c. var. clypeus TaJ06
    `--C. c. var. bicostata TaJ06
  Ctenophora pulchella TaJ06
  Entomoneis TaJ06
    |--E. alata TaJ06
    `--E. tenuistriata TaJ06
  Fallacia pygmaea TaJ06
  Surirellaceae W61b
  Tabularia tabulata TaJ06
  Tryblionella hungarica TaJ06
  Campylosira Grunow 1882 G75
    `--C. inane Giffen 1975 G75
  Anorthoneis Grunow 1867 G75
    `--A. eurystoma Cleve 1895 G75
  Odentella [Eupodiscaceae] RA05
    `--O. mobiliensis [=Biddulphia mobiliensis] RA05
  Auliscus W61b
  Eunotogramma Weisse 1854 G75
    |--E. marinum [=Smithiella marina] G75
    |--E. rostratum Hustedt 1955 G75
    `--E. weissii Ehr. 1854 CW59
         |--E. w. var. weissii CW59
         `--E. w. var. producta CW59
  Glyphodesmis Greville 1862 G75
    |--G. distans G75
    `--G. marginata CW59
  Opephora Petit 1888 G75
    |--O. gemmata (Grunow) Hustedt 1927-1964 G75
    |--O. martyi G75
    |--O. pacifica G75
    `--O. schwartzii G75
  Plagiotropis vitrea UPS98
  Cylindrotheca signata UPS98
  Scolioneis tumida UPS98
  Coscinosira polychorda B26
  Paralia sulcata B26
  Bacteriosira fragilis B26
  Cerataulina bergonii B26
  Leptocylindrus [Leptocylindraceae] RA05
    `--L. danicus RA05
  Stephanodiscus T92
  Anaulus Ehr. 1844 CW59
    `--A. mediterraneus CW59
  Rutilaria CW59
    |--R. epsilon Grev. 1863 CW59
    |--R. lanceolata CW59
    |--R. monile [=Pseudorutilaria monile] CW59
    |--R. pulchra A.S. 1893 CW59
    `--R. radiata CW59
  Stictodesmis Grev. 1863 CW59
    `--S. australis Grev. 1863 CW59
  Toxonidea Donk. 1858 CW59
    `--T. falcata Donk. 1858 CW59
  Denticella regia H04
  Asterolampra eximia H04
  Pyrgodiscus armatus H04
  Asteromphalus imbricatus H04
  Grovea pedalis H04
  Gephyria constricta H04
  Amphithetras elegans H04
  Arachnoidiscus AS12

Craspedostauros laevissimus (West & West) Sabbe in Sabbe, Verleyen et al. 2003 [=Tropidoneis laevissima West & West 1911] SV03

Nanofrustulum shiloi (Lee, Reimer & McEnery) Round, Hallenstein & Paasche 1999 [=Fragilaria shiloi Lee, Reimer & McEnery 1980, Pseudostaurosira shiloi (Lee, Reimer & McEnery) Hallegraeff & Burford 1996; incl. Opephora krumbeinii Witkowski, Witak & Stachura 1999, Fragilaria sopotensis Witkowski 1994] SV03

Planothidium quadripunctatum (Oppenheim) Sabbe in Sabbe, Verleyen et al. 2003 [=Achnanthes quadripunctata Oppenheim 1994] SV03

Psammothidium metakryophilum (Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt) Sabbe in Sabbe, Verleyen et al. 2003 [=Achnanthes metakryophila Lange-Bertalot & Schmidt in Schmidt et al. 1990] SV03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.

[C03] Compère, P. 2003. Report of the Committee for Algae: 7. Taxon 52: 339–340.

[CW59] Crosby, L. H., & E. J. F. Wood. 1959. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. II.—Normally epontic and benthic genera. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 1–58, pls 51–59.

[DG01] Daugbjerg, N., & L. Guillou. 2001. Phylogenetic analyses of Bolidophyceae (Heterokontophyta) using rbcL gene sequences support their sister group relationship to diatoms. Phycologia 40 (2): 153–161.

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i–viii, 1–351.

[G75] Giffen, M. H. 1975. An account of the littoral diatoms from Langebaan, Saldanha Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Botanica Marina 18: 71–95.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[KI02] Kawachi, M., I. Inouye, D. Honda, C. J. O’Kelly, J. C. Bailey, R. R. Bidigare & R. A. Andersen. 2002. The Pinguiophyceae classis nova, a new class of photosynthetic stramenopiles whose members produce large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Phycological Research 50: 31–47.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[RA05] Rath, J., & S. P. Adhikary. 2005. A check list of algae from Chilika Lake, Orissa. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 101–114.

[SV03] Sabbe, K., E. Verleyen, D. A. Hodgson, K. Vanhoutte & W. Vyverman. 2003. Benthic diatom flora of freshwater and saline lakes in the Larsemann Hills and Rauer Islands, East Antarctica. Antarctic Science 15 (2): 227–248.

[TaJ06] Taukulis, F. E., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms as ecological indicators in lakes and streams of varying salinity from the wheatbelt region of Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (1): 17–25.

[T92] Theriot, E. 1992. Clusters, species concepts, and morphological evolution of diatoms. Systematic Biology 41 (2): 141–157.

[ThJ06] Thomas, E. J., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms and macroinvertebrates as biomonitors of mine-lakes in Collie, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (3): 109–117.

[UPS98] Underwood, G. J. C., J. Phillips & K. Saunders. 1998. Distribution of estuarine benthic diatom species along salinity and nutrient gradients. European Journal of Phycology 33: 173–183.

[W61a] Wood, E. J. F. 1961a. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. IV.—Descriptions of further sedentary species. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 669–698.

[W61b] Wood, E. J. F. 1961b. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. V.—The Rawson Collection of recent diatoms. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 699–712.

Labyrinthulomycetes

Vegetative cells of Thraustochytrium, copyright Celeste Leander.

Belongs within: Heterokonta.

The Labyrinthulomycetes, slime nets, are a group of mostly aquatic protists producing a network of anastomosing filaments.

See also: Slime nets: another group of not-fungi; Return of the slime-nets.

Characters (from Adl et al. 2012): Producing an ectoplasmic network of branched, anastomosing, wall-less filaments via a specialized organelle known as the bothrosome; Golgi-derived scales; biciliate zoospores with lateral insertion in many species.

Labyrinthulomycetes (see below for synonymy)
    |--+--‘Thraustochytrium’ multirudimentale C-SC06
    |  `--Schizochytrium minutum C-SC06
    `--+--+--Labyrinthula Cienkowski 1867 C-SC06, AS12 [Labyrinthulaceae]
       |  `--+--Aplanochytrium kerguelense C-SC06
       |     |--Diplophrys Barker 1868 C-SC06, LT64 [Diplophryidae]
       |     |    |--*D. archeri Barker 1868 LT64
       |     |    `--D. marina C-SC06
       |     `--Labyrinthuloides C-SC06
       |          |--L. minuta [=Labyrinthula minuta] AC97
       |          |--L. saliens AC97
       |          |--L. schizochytrops AC97
       |          `--L. yorkensis AC97
       `--Thraustochytrium C-SC06
            |  i. s.: T. kinnei MNI02
            |--T. pachydermum C-SC06
            `--+--T. aggregatum C-SC06
               `--+--T. striatum C-SC06
                  `--Ulkenia C-SC06
                       |  i. s.: U. profunda MNI02
                       |--+--U. visurgensis C-SC06
                       |  `--Japonochytrium C-SC06
                       `--+--‘Labyrinthuloides’ haliotidis C-SC06
                          `--+--U. radiata C-SC06
                             `--‘Thraustochytrium’ aureum C-SC06

Labyrinthulomycetes incertae sedis:
  Sorodiplophrys C-S98
  Althornia AC97
  Elnia AS12
  Amphitremidae [Amphitrematidae, Amphitreminae] AS12
    |--Paramphitrema Valkanov 1970 G86
    |    `--P. pontica Valkanov 1970 G86
    |--Amphitrema Archer 1867 LT64
    |    `--*A. wrightianum Archer 1869 LT64
    `--Archerella Loeblich & Tappan 1961 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         `--*A. flavum (Archer 1877) [=*Ditrema flavum] LT64

Archerella Loeblich & Tappan 1961 [=Ditrema Archer 1877 non Temminck & Schlegel in von Siebold 1844] LT64

Labyrinthulomycetes [Labyrinthista, Labyrinthulales, Labyrinthulea, Labyrinthulia, Labyrinthulida, Labyrinthulidae, Labyrinthulomorpha, Labyrinthulomycota, Thraustochytriaceae, Thraustochytriales, Thraustochytridae]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[AC97] Azevedo, C., & L. Corral. 1997. Some ultrastructural observations of a thraustochytrid (Protoctista, Labyrinthulomycota) from the clam Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 31: 73–78.

[C-S98] Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews 73: 203–266.

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.

[G86] Golemansky, V. G. 1986. Rhizopoda: Testacea. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 5–16. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[MNI02] Moriya, M., T. Nakayama & I. Inouye. 2002. A new class of the stramenopiles, Placididea classis nova: description of Placidia cafeteriopsis gen. et sp. nov. Protist 153: 143–156.

Ochrophyta

Nannochloropsis oculata, from SBAE Industries NV.

Belongs within: Heterokonta.
Contains: Diatomeae, Marista, Chrysomonadea.

The Ochrophyta includes the photosynthetic heterokonts (golden and brown algae, etc.) and their secondarily non-photosynthetic deerivatives. They possess either a single ciliary transition region helix (Phaeista) or lack this helix entirely (Khakista) (Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2006).

Ochrophyta [Chrysomonadida, Chrysophycophyta, Chrysophyta, Dictyochiae, Ochrista]
    |--Khakista [Khakiphytina] C-SC06
    |    |--Diatomeae C-SC06
    |    `--Bolidomonas [Bolidomonadales, Bolidophyceae] C-SC06
    |         |--B. mediterranea C-SC06
    |         `--B. pacifica C-SC06
    |              |--B. p. var. pacifica C-SC06
    |              `--B. p. var. eleuthera C-SC06
    `--Phaeista [Chrysista, Limnistia] C-SC06
         |--Marista C-SC06
         `--Limnista C-SC06
              |--+--Chrysomonadea C-SC06
              |  `--Picophagea C-SC06
              |       |--Picophagus Guillou & Chrétiennot-Dinet 1999 [Picophagaceae, Picophagales] C-SC06
              |       |    `--P. flagellatus C-SC06
              |       `--Chlamydomyxa [Chlamydomyxales] C-SC06
              |            |--C. labyrinthuloides C-SC06
              |            `--C. montana C-SC06
              `--Eustigmatales [Eustigmatida, Eustigmatophyceae, Eustigmatophyta] C-SC06
                   |  i. s.: Vischeria helvetica C-SC06, KI02
                   |         Monodus subterranea KI02
                   |--+--Eustigmatos magna C-SC06
                   |  `--Pseudocharaciopsis minuta C-SC06, KI02
                   `--+--Monodopsis subterranea C-SC06
                      `--Nannochloropsis C-SC06
                           |--N. granulata KI02
                           |--N. oceanica C-SC06
                           |--N. oculata KI02
                           `--N. salina KM03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388-420.

[KI02] Kawachi, M., I. Inouye, D. Honda, C. J. O’Kelly, J. C. Bailey, R. R. Bidigare & R. A. Andersen. 2002. The Pinguiophyceae classis nova, a new class of photosynthetic stramenopiles whose members produce large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Phycological Research 50: 31-47.

[KM03] Kawai, H., S. Maeba, H. Sasaki, K. Okuda & E. C. Henry. 2003. Schizocladia ischiensis: A new filamentous marine chromophyte belonging to a new class, Schizocladiophyceae. Protist 154: 211-228.