Octopus

Common octopus Octopus vulgaris, copyright Kevin Bryant.

Belongs within: Octopodidae.

Octopus is a diverse genus of benthic octopuses with biserial suckers and a large crop. The genus may be divided between a number of morphologically distinct groups but its taxonomy remains uncertain owing to the unclear identity of the type species (O'Shea 1999).

<==Octopus Lamarck 1798 O99 [incl. Paroctopus Naef 1923 P61]
    |--*O. vulgaris Lamarck 1798 O99, L98
    |--O. africanus (Robson 1929) [=O. fontanianus var. africanus] O99
    |--O. alpheus Norman 1992 O99
    |--O. americanus G79
    |--O. apollyon S72
    |--O. aspilosomatis Norman 1992 O99
    |--O. australis Hoyle 1885 O99
    |--O. berrima Stranks & Norman 1992 O99
    |--O. bimaculatus SRT18
    |--O. bimaculoides C-S18
    |--O. bunorong O99
    |--O. campbelli (Smith 1902) [=Polypus campbelli, Joubinia campbelli, Robsonella campbelli] O99
    |--O. cirrhosus Lamarck 1798 L98
    |--O. cyaneas Gray 1929 BW09
    |--O. dierythraeus Norman 1992 O99
    |--O. fontanianus d’Orbigny 1835 O99
    |--O. gibbsi O’Shea 1999 O99
    |--O. granulatus Lamarck 1798 L98
    |--O. graptus Norman 1992 O99
    |--O. hummelincki O99
    |--O. huttoni (Benham 1943) (see below for synonymy) O99
    |--O. joubini Robson 1929 M88
    |--O. kaharoa O’Shea 1999 O99
    |--O. kaurna O99
    |--O. macropus O99
    |--O. mernoo O’Shea 1999 O99
    |--O. moschatus Lamarck 1798 L98
    |--O. oliveri (Berry 1914) [=Polypus oliveri] O99
    |--O. ornatus O99
    |--O. oshimae Sasaki 1929 O99
    |--O. pallidus O99
    |--O. punctatus Gabb 1862 C64
    |--O. rapanui Voss 1979 O99
    |--O. rubescens AFL84
    |--O. rugosus (Bosc 1792) O99
    |--O. variabilis PP64
    `--O. zealandicus (Benham 1944) P61

Octopus huttoni (Benham 1943) [=Robsonella huttoni; incl. O. adamsi Benham 1944, O. otagoensis Benham 1943, O. warringa Stranks 1989] O99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AFL84] Antonelis, G. A., Jr., C. H. Fiscus & R. L. de Long. 1984. Spring and summer prey of California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, at San Miguel Island, California, 1978-79. Fishery Bulletin 82 (1): 67–76.

[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C-S18] Cavalier-Smith, T. 2018. Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences. Protoplasma 255: 297–357.

[G79] Guppy, R. J. L. 1879. First sketch of a marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and its neighbourhood. Part I.—Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 2: 151–172.

[L98] Lamarck, C. 1798. Extrait d'un mémoire sur le genre de la sèche, du calmar et du poulpe, vulgairement nommés, polypes de mer. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 1 (17): 129–131.

[M88] McKinstry, D. M. 1988. Bite by Octopus joubini: a case report. Nautilus 102 (3): 127–128.

[O99] O’Shea, S. 1999. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Octopoda (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 112: 1–280.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[SRT18] Schiffer, P. H., H. E. Robertson & M. J. Telford. 2018. Orthonectids are highly degenerate annelid worms. Current Biology 28: 1970–1974.

[S72] Stunkard, H. W. 1972. Clarification of taxonomy in the Mesozoa. Systematic Zoology 21 (2): 210–214.

Sepiida

Common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, copyright Diego Delso.

Belongs within: Neocoleoidea.

The Sepiida, cuttlefishes, are a group of broad-bodied, often benthic cephalopods with the tentacles retractile into large pockets on the head.

Sepiida MG-H11
    |  i. s.: Ceratisepia YVD98
    |--Belosepia [Belosaepiidae] YVD98
    |--Sepiadariidae MG-H11
    |    |--Sepiadarium gracilis Voss 1962 V62
    |    `--Sepioloidea d’Orbigny 1839 P61
    |         |--*S. lineolata (Quoy & Gaimard 1832) P61, MG-H11 [=Sepiola lineolata P61]
    |         `--S. pacifica (Kirk 1882) P61
    `--Sepiidae MG-H11
         |--Archaeosepia naefi Szörenyi 1933 D93
         `--Sepia Linnaeus 1758 L58
              |  i. s.: S. chirotrema Berry 1918 MG-H11
              |         S. cottoni Adam 1979 MG-H11
              |         S. cultrata Hoyle 1885 MG-H11
              |         S. elegans GW02
              |         S. esculenta Hoyle 1886 H09
              |         S. latimanus Quoy & Gaimard 1832 BW09
              |         S. media Linnaeus 1758 L58
              |         S. octopodia Linnaeus 1758 L58
              |         S. opipara (Iredale 1926) MG-H11
              |         S. pfefferi Hoyle 1885 H09
              |         S. pharaonis Ehrenberg 1831 BW09
              |         S. prionota Voss 1962 V62
              |         S. rhoda (Iredale 1954) MG-H11
              |         S. tuberculata Lamarck 1798 L98
              |--S. (Sepia) officinalis Linnaeus 1758 G20, L58
              |--S. (Amplisepia Iredale 1926) P61
              |    `--S. (*A.) apama Gray 1849 P61
              `--S. (Solitosepia Iredale 1926) P61
                   |--S. (*S.) liliana P61
                   `--S. (S.) plangon Gray 1849 P61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BW09] Bryce, C. & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[D93] Doyle, P. 1993. Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Coleoidea). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 229–236. Chapman & Hall: London.

[GW02] Giribet, G., & W. Wheeler. 2002. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121 (4): 271–324.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[L98] Lamarck, C. 1798. Extrait d'un mémoire sur le genre de la sèche, du calmar et du poulpe, vulgairement nommés, polypes de mer. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 1 (17): 129–131.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[V62] Voss, G. L. 1962. Six new species and two new subspecies of cephalopods from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 169–176.

[YVD98] Young, R. E., M. Vecchione & D. T. Donovan. 1998. The evolution of coleoid cephalopods and their present biodiversity and ecology. South African Journal of Marine Science 20: 393–420.

Teuthida

Giant squid Architeuthis dux, copyright NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet.

Belongs within: Neocoleoidea.
Contains: Loliginidae, Spirulida, Onychoteuthidae, Ommastrephidae, Histioteuthidae.

The Teuthida, squids, are a group of elongate-bodied cephalopods with the shell reduced to an internal, feather- or rod-shaped, gladius, and with ten circum-oral appendages including two contractile tentacles. The Cranchiidae, glass squids, have the coelom modified into a large buoyancy chamber that allows the squid to float passively in the water column.

Teuthida [Oegopsida] MG-H11
    |--Cranchiidae P61
    |    |--Cranchia scabra Leach 1817 GO06, MG-H11
    |    |--Liocranchia MG-H11
    |    |--Megalocranchia Pfeiffer 1884 P61
    |    |    |--*M. maxima P61
    |    |    `--M. pardus Berry 1916 P61
    |    |--Teuthowenia Chun 1910 P61
    |    |    |--*T. megalops P61
    |    |    `--T. antarctica Chun 1910 P61
    |    `--Pyrgopsis de Rochebrune 1884 P61
    |         |--*P. rhynchophora P61
    |         `--P. pacificus (Issel 1908) P61
    `--+--Loliginidae GO06
       `--+--+--Spirulida GO06
          |  `--+--Onychoteuthidae GO06
          |     `--Ommastrephidae GO06
          `--+--Histioteuthidae GO06
             `--+--Lepidoteuthis GO06 [Lepidoteuthididae YVD98]
                |    `--L. grimaldii GO06
                `--Architeuthis Steenstrup 1857 GO06, P61 [Architeuthidae]
                     |--*A. dux P61
                     |--A. kirki Robson 1887 P61
                     |--A. longimanus Kirk 1888 P61
                     |--A. stockii Kirk 1882 P61
                     `--A. verrilli Kirk 1882 P61

Teuthida incertae sedis:
  Chiroteuthididae YVD98
    |--Chiroteuthis veranyi H04
    |--Asperoteuthis YVD98
    `--Grimalditeuthis YVD98
  Mastigoteuthis [Mastigoteuthidae] MG-H11
    |--M. cordiiformis Chun 1908 MG-H11
    |--M. inermis YVD98
    `--M. magna YVD98
  Chtenopterygidae YVD98
  Bathyteuthididae YVD98
  Enoploteuthidae YVD98
    |--Enoploteuthis MG-H11
    `--Pterygioteuthis Fischer 1895 P61
         `--*P. giardi Fischer 1895 P61
  Gonatidae YVD98
    |--Gonatus fabricii W81
    `--Gonatopsis YVD98
  Thysanoteuthididae YVD98
  Jobiniteuthis [Jobiniteuthididae] YVD98
    `--J. portieri YVD98
  Octopoteuthididae YVD98
  Neoteuthididae YVD98
  Lycoteuthididae YVD98
  Pyroteuthididae YVD98
  Ancistrocheiridae YVD98
  Glochinomorpha [Glochinomorphidae] D93
    `--G. stifeli Gordon 1971 D93
  Plesioteuthididae [Prototeuthina] D93
    |--Maioteuthis maestrichtensis (Binkhorst van den Binkhorst 1862) D93
    `--Paraplesioteuthis D93
         |--P. hastata (Münster 1843) D93
         `--P. sagitata (Münster 1843) D93
  Mesoteuthina D93
    |--Palaeololiginidae D93
    |    |--Teudopsis glevensis (Smithe 1877) D93
    |    `--Parateudopsis libanotica (Naef 1922) D93
    `--Trachyteuthididae D93
         |--Actinosepia canadensis Whiteaves 1897 D93
         `--Trachyteuthis D93
              |--T. hastiformis M79
              `--T. palmeri (Schevill 1950) D93
  Muensterellidae [Kelaenina] D93
    |--Muensterella scutellaris (Münster 1843) D93
    |--Calaenoteuthis incerta Naef 1922 D93
    `--Tusoteuthis longa Logan 1898 D93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D93] Doyle, P. 1993. Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Coleoidea). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 229–236. Chapman & Hall: London.

[GO06] Giribet, G., A. Okusu, A. R. Lindgren, S. W. Huff, M. Schrödl & M. K. Nishiguchi. 2006. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103 (20): 7723–7728.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[M79] Müller, A. H. 1979. Fossilization (taphonomy). In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A2–A78. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[W81] Watson, L. 1981. Sea Guide to Whales of the World. Hutchinson: London.

[YVD98] Young, R. E., M. Vecchione & D. T. Donovan. 1998. The evolution of coleoid cephalopods and their present biodiversity and ecology. South African Journal of Marine Science 20: 393–420.

Last updated: 18 November 2021.

Ceratitida

Rhabdoceras suessi, copyright Jose Miguel Lorente.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Ceratitida are a lineage of ammonoids known from the Permian and Triassic, characterised by elaboration of the sutures and ornamentation compared to earlier taxa.

<==Ceratitida [Ceratitina]
    `--Clydonitaceae W69
         |--Thisbites [Thisbitidae] W69
         `--+--Hannaoceras [incl. Sympolycylus] W69
            `--Choristoceratidae [Cochloceratidae] W69
                 |--Choristoceras marshi W69, K79
                 `--+--Peripleurites W69
                    `--+--Rhabdoceras suessi Oravecz 1961 W69, W03
                       `--Cochloceras [incl. Paracochloceras] W69

Ceratitida incertae sedis:
  Ceratites de Haan 1825 CDH04
    |--C. compressus M79
    |--C. evolutus M79
    |--C. sturii H84
    `--C. subnodosi K79
  Paraceltidae RR79
    |--Cibolites uddeni RR79, P68
    |--Kingoceras kingi RR79
    `--Paraceltites Gemmellaro 1887 RR79, ZL04
         |--P. altudensis P68
         |--P. elegans Girty 1908 P68
         |--P. multicostatus P68
         |--P. ornatus Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
         `--P. sellardsi Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
  Xenodiscidae RR79
    |--Phisonites RR79
    |--Pseudotirolites asiatica RR79, PE02
    |--Iranites RR79
    |--Shevyrevites RR79
    `--Xenodiscus RR79
         |--X. carbonarius RR79
         `--X. wanneri RR79
  Dzhulfitidae RR79
    |--Dzhulfites RR79
    |--Paratirolites RR79
    `--Abichites RR79
  Araxoceratidae RR79
    |--Araxoceras RR79
    |--Eoaraxoceras ruzhencevi RR79
    `--Prototoceras RR79
  Ophiceras H84
    |--O. commune K79
    `--O. connectens K79
  Otoceras H84
    |--O. boreale K79
    |--O. concavum K79
    `--O. woodwardi K79
  Hungarites H84
  Dinarites mohammedanus H84
  Tirolites H84
  Arpadites H84
  Beneckia H84
  Meekoceras H84
  Kipsteinia H84
  Balatonites shoshonensis H84, K79
  Trachyceras H84
    |--T. aon K79
    |--T. austriacum K79
    |--T. obesum K79
    `--T. saulus (Laube 1869) DV06
  Celtites H84
  Badiotites H84
  Proceltites H84
  *Lecanites glaucus H84
  Carnites floridus (Wulfen 1793) H84, DV06
  Tropites H84
    |--T. dilleri K79
    |--T. subbullatus K79
    `--T. welleri K79
  Acrochordiceras hyatti H84, K79
  Helictites H84

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CDH04] Callomon, J. H., D. T. Donovan & M. K. Howarth. 2004. F. A. Quenstedt’s trinomial nomenclature of Jurassic ammonites. Palaeontology 47 (4): 1063–1073.

[DV06] Dalla Vecchia, F. M. 2006. A new sauropterygian reptile with plesiosaurian affinity from the Late Triassic of Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 112 (2): 207–225.

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

[K79] Kummel, B. 1979. Triassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A351–A389. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M79] Müller, A. H. 1979. Fossilization (taphonomy). In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A2–A78. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[PE02] Pan, H.-Z., & D. H. Erwin. 2002. Gastropods from the Permian of Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces, south China. Journal of Paleontology 76 (Memoir 56): 1–49.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[W03] Wellnhofer, P. 2003. A Late Triassic pterosaur from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Tyrol, Austria). In: Buffetaut, E., & J.-M. Mazin (eds) Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publications 217: 5–22. The Geological Society: London.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.

Phylloceratidae

Phylloceras sp., copyright Hectonichus.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Phylloceratidae are a group of ammonites with mostly smooth or feebly ornamented conchs, and phylloid saddle endings of the suture line (Enseger & Keupp 2002).

<==Phylloceratidae [Phyllocerataceae, Phylloceratida, Phylloceratina, Phylloceratoidea]
    |  i. s.: Sowerbyceras Parona & Bonarelli 1894 EK02
    |         Zetoceras thorsteinssoni Frebold 1961 P87
    |         Epiphylloceras DJ95
    |--Calliphylloceratinae DJ95
    |    |--Holcophylloceras Spath 1927 P87
    |    |--Neocalliphylloceras Besairie 1936 DJ95
    |    |    |--*N. collignoni Besairie 1936 DJ95
    |    |    `--N. sablyense (Karakasch 1907) DJ95
    |    `--Calliphylloceras Spath 1927 P87
    |         |  i. s.: C. disputabile P87
    |         |         C. freibrocki P87
    |         |         C. heterophylloides P87
    |         `--C. (Ptychophylloceras Spath 1927) EK02
    |              `--C. (P.) ptychoideum Spath 1927 EK02
    |--Phyllopachyceras Spath 1925 [Phyllopachyceratinae] DJ95
    |    |--*P. infundibulum (d’Orbigny 1841) (see below for synonymy) DJ95
    |    |--P. baborense (Coquand 1880) [=Ammonites baborensis, Partschiceras baborense, Phylloceras baborense] DJ95
    |    |--P. bontshevi Manolov 1962 DJ95
    |    |--P. bulgaricum Dimitrova 1967 DJ95
    |    |--P. chitinanum Imlay 1960 DJ95
    |    |--P. crassum Drushchic 1956 DJ95
    |    |--P. ectocostatum (Drushchic 1956) DJ95
    |    |--P. eichwaldi DJ95
    |    |    |--P. e. eichwaldi DJ95
    |    |    `--P. e. occidentale (Wiedmann 1964) [=Partschiceras eichwaldi occidentale] DJ95
    |    |--P. katschiense Drushchic 1956 DJ95
    |    |--P. ladinum DJ95
    |    |--P. oregonense (Anderson 1938) (see below for synonymy) DJ95
    |    |--P. rouyanum DJ95
    |    |--P. segre Drushchic 1956 DJ95
    |    `--P. vergonsense Delanoy & Joly 1995 DJ95
    `--Phylloceratinae DJ95
         |--Adabofoloceras Joly 1975 P87
         |--Hyporbulites Breistroffer 1947 DJ95
         |    `--*H. seresitensis (Pervinquière 1907) [=Phylloceras velledae var. seresitensis] DJ95
         `--Phylloceras Suess 1865 DJ95 [incl. Pseudophylloceras EK02]
              |  i. s.: P. billingsi (Meek 1859) [=Ammonites billingsi] EK02
              |         P. kudernatschi EK02
              |         P. kunthi Neumayr 1971 EK02
              |         P. spathi K79
              |         P. subatlas Voronetz 1962 EK02
              |--*P. (Phylloceras) heterophyllum (Sowerby 1820) DJ95 (see below for synonymy)
              |--P. (Hypophylloceras Salfeld 1924) DJ95
              |    |--P. (*H.) ononense Stanton 1895 DJ95
              |    |--P. (H.) moussoni (Ooster 1860) [=Ammonites moussoni] DJ95
              |    |--P. (H.) ponticuli (Rousseau 1842) (see below for synonymy) DJ95
              |    |    |--P. p. ponticuli DJ95
              |    |    `--P. p. plicatum Delanoy & Joly 1995 DJ95
              |    |--‘Hypophylloceras’ subramosum TLY03
              |    |--P. (H.) thetys DJ95
              |    `--P. (H.) velledae (Michelin 1838) KK08
              |--P. (Macrophylloceras) grossicostatum EK02
              |--‘Hypophylloceras’ (Neophylloceras) Spath 1927 EK02
              `--P. (Partschiceras) EK02
                   |--P. (*P.) monestieri P87
                   |--P. (P.) grantzi EK02
                   `--P. (P.) pacificum Frebold & Tipper 1975 EK02

Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) ponticuli (Rousseau 1842) [=Ammonites ponticuli, Calliphylloceras ponticuli, Euphylloceras ponticuli] DJ95

*Phylloceras (Phylloceras) heterophyllum (Sowerby 1820) DJ95 [=Ammonites heterophyllus DJ95; incl. A. heterophyllus amalthei Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus jurensis Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus numismalis Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus ornati Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus posidoniae Quenstedt 1845 CDH04]

*Phyllopachyceras infundibulum (d’Orbigny 1841) [=Ammonites infundibulum, Partschiceras infundibulum, Phylloceras infundibulum] DJ95

Phyllopachyceras oregonense (Anderson 1938) [=Phylloceras oregonense; incl. Phyllopachyceras myrtlense, Phyllopachyceras umquanum] DJ95

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CDH04] Callomon, J. H., D. T. Donovan & M. K. Howarth. 2004. F. A. Quenstedt’s trinomial nomenclature of Jurassic ammonites. Palaeontology 47 (4): 1063–1073.

[DJ95] Delanoy, G., & B. Joly. 1995. Sur quelques Phylloceratidae (Phylloceratina, Ammonoidea) de Barrémien supérieur et de l’Aptien inférieur du sud-est de la France. Mésogée 54: 121–138.

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.

[P87] Poulton, T. P. 1987. Zonation and correlation of Middle Boreal Bathonian to Lower Callovian (Jurassic) ammonites, Salmon Cache Canyon, Porcupine River, northern Yukon. Geological Survey of Canada—Bulletin 358: 1–155.

[TLY03] Tanabe, K., N. H. Landman & Y. Yoshioka. 2003. Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 876–887.

Lytoceratida

Crioceratites duvalii, copyright Hectonichus.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Lytoceratida are a lineage of ammonites known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

Characters (from Enseger & Keupp 2002): Conch thin-walled, usually weakly sculptured. Suture line with primary sutural formula ELU2U1I; suture elements microphyll (strongly slit). Siphuncle usually reaching marginal position after one whorl; septal necks becoming prochoanitic at very early ontogenetic stage.

<==Lytoceratida [Lytoceratina]
    |--Lytoceras CDH04 [Lytoceratidae EK02]
    |    |--L. argonautarum Anderson 1902 [=L. (Argonauticeras) argonautarum] MR77
    |    |--L. cornucopiae (Young & Bird 1822) EK02
    |    |--L. jurensis CDH04
    |    `--‘Ammonites’ lineatus [incl. A. lineatus var. opalina] CDH04
    |--Tetragonitoidea [Tetragonitaceae] EK02
    |    |--Tetragonitidae EK02
    |    |    |--Protetragonites Hyatt 1900 EK02
    |    |    `--Tetragonites Kossmat 1895 EK02
    |    |         `--T. popetensis TLY03
    |    `--Gaudryceratidae [Gaudryceratinae] EK02
    |         |--Zelandites Marshall 1926 EK02
    |         |--Anagaudryceras TLY03
    |         |    |--A. buddha RC02
    |         |    |--A. gainesi K79
    |         |    `--A. sacya (Forbes 1846) KK08
    |         `--Gaudryceras Grossouvre 1894 EK02
    |              |--G. denseplicatum TLY03
    |              |--G. jukesii K79
    |              |--G. tenuiliratum Yabe 1903 KK02
    |              `--G. varicostata M08
    `--Crioceratitidae [Crioceratitinae] EK02
         |--Aegocrioceras Spath 1924 EK02
         |    |--A. capricornu K79
         |    `--A. compressum Rawson 1975 EK02
         `--Crioceratites Levaille 1837 (Crioceratites) EK02
              |  i. s.: C. lardii K79
              |         C. latum K79
              |--C. (C.) duvalii W69
              `--+--C. (C.) nolani (Kilian 1910) W69, EK02
                 |--+--C. (C.) emericii W69
                 |  `--C. (Sornayites) paronai W69
                 `--+--C. (C.) majoricensis W69
                    `--C. (Pseudothurmannia) W69
                         |--+--C. (P.) balearis W69
                         |  `--C. (P.) ibizensis W69
                         `--+--C. (P.) angulicostatus W69 [=Pseudothurmannia angulicostata K79]
                            `--Hemihoplites W69
                                 |--H. astarte W69
                                 `--H. feraudianus W69

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CDH04] Callomon, J. H., D. T. Donovan & M. K. Howarth. 2004. F. A. Quenstedt’s trinomial nomenclature of Jurassic ammonites. Palaeontology 47 (4): 1063–1073.

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.

[KK02] Klug, C., & D. Korn. 2002. Occluded umbilicus in the Pinacitinae (Devonian) and its palaeoecological implications. Palaeontology 45 (5): 917–931.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.

[MR77] Murphy, M. A., & P. U. Rodda. 1977. The type specimens of Ammonites hoffmanni Gabb and Melchiorites indigenes Anderson (Cretaceous: Ammonoidea). Veliger 20 (2): 78–81.

[RC02] Riding, J. B., & J. A. Crame. 2002. Aptian to Coniacian (Early–Late Cretaceous) palynostratigraphy of the Gustav Group, James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 23: 739–760.

[TLY03] Tanabe, K., N. H. Landman & Y. Yoshioka. 2003. Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 876–887.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.

Baculitidae

Cast of Baculites grandis, copyright Ninjatacoshell.

Belongs within: Aptychophora.

The Baculitidae are a Cretaceous group of ammonites whose conchs have an initial coiled section followed by a more or less straight juvenile and adult section (Enseger & Keupp 2002).

<==Baculitidae
    |--Eubaculites Spath 1926 KM08
    |    `--E. carinatus (Morton 1834) KM08 (see below for synonymy)
    |--Sciponoceras K79
    |    |--S. bohemicum K79
    |    |--S. gracile K79
    |    `--S. kossmati K79
    `--Baculites Lamarck 1799 EK02 [incl. Rugaptychus Sp98]
         |--B. anceps K79
         |--B. aquilasensis K79
         |--B. asper K79
         |--B. asperiformis K79
         |--B. baculus K79
         |--B. boulei K79
         |--B. capensis K79
         |--B. chicoense K79
         |--B. claviformis Stephenson 1941 OZ89
         |--B. clinolobatus K79
         |--B. columna K79
         |--B. compressus K79
         |--B. crickmayi K79
         |--B. cuneatus K79
         |--B. eliasi K79
         |--B. gilberti K79
         |--B. grandis K79
         |--B. gregoryensis K79
         |--B. inornatus K79
         |--B. jenseni K79
         |--B. kirki K79
         |--B. lomaensis K79
         |--B. maclearni K79
         |--B. obtusus K79
         |--B. occidentalis K79
         |--B. ovatus W77
         |--B. perplexus K79
         |--B. pseudovatus K79
         |--B. rectus St98
         |--B. reesidei K79
         |--‘*Rugaptychus’ rugosus (Sharpe 1857) Sp98
         |--B. rex K79
         |--B. schenki K79
         |--B. scotti K79
         |--B. sulcatus M08
         |--B. undatus K79
         |--B. vertebralis K79
         `--B. yokoyamai K79

Nomen nudum: Baculites sheringomensis Crick 1924 KM08

Eubaculites carinatus (Morton 1834) KM08 [incl. Baculites vagina var. ootacodensis KM08, E. ootacodensis K79, B. vagina var. simplex KM08]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KM08] Klinger, H. C., & N. Malchus. 2008. The first record of Agerostrea ungulata (von Schlotheim, 1813) (Bivalvia: Ostreoidea) from the Upper Maastrichtian of KwaZulu, South Africa, with a discussion of its distribution in southeast Africa and Madagascar. African Natural History 4: 11–16.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.

[OZ89] Olivero, E. B., & W. J. Zinsmeister. 1989. Large heteromorph ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Journal of Paleontology 63 (5): 626–636.

[Sp98] Spaeth, C. 1998. Cretaceous cephalopods. Lethaia 31: 28.

[St98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

Cadoceratinae

Cadoceras sublaeve, from here.

Belongs within: Stephanocerataceae.

The Cadoceratinae are a group of ammonites known from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic), members of which have a funnel-shaped, more or less open umbilicus and a relatively broad cross-section (Poulton 1987).

<==Cadoceratinae
    |--Stenocadoceras Imlay 1953 P87
    |--Eocephalites H79
    |--Pseudocadoceras Buckman 1918 [=Novocadoceras Sasonov 1965] P87
    |    `--*P. boreale P87
    |--Paracadoceras Crickmay 1930 P87
    |    `--P. harveyi P87
    |--Cranocephalites H79
    |    |--C. borealis P87
    |    |--C. costidensus P87
    |    |--C. pompeckji P87
    |    `--C. vulgaris P87
    `--Cadoceras Fischer 1882 (see below for synonymy) P87
         |--*C. sublaeve P87
         |--C. anabarense P87
         |--C. apertum P87
         |--C. arcticum Frebold 1964 P87
         |--C. barnstoni (Meek 1859) (see below for synonymy) P87
         |--C. bodylevskyi Frebold 1964 P87
         |--C. calyx P87
         |--C. catostoma P87
         |--C. declinatum P87
         |--C. densicostatum P87
         |--C. elatmae (Nikitin 1881) P87
         |--C. emilianzevi P87
         |--C. excelsus P87
         |--C. falsum Voronetz 1962 [=C. (*Bryocadoceras) falsum] P87
         |--C. glabrum P87
         |--C. lenaense P87
         |--C. nordenskjoldi P87
         |--C. perraraum Voronetz 1962 P87
         |--C. septentrionale Frebold 1964 [incl. C. s. var. latidorsata] P87
         |--C. simulans P87
         |--C. subcatostoma P87
         |--C. subtenuicostatum Voronetz 1962 [=C. (*Streptocadoceras) subtenuicostatum] P87
         |--C. tschernyschevi P87
         |--C. variabile Spath 1932 P87
         `--C. voronetsae Frebold 1964 P87

Cadoceras Fischer 1882 [incl. Bryocadoceras Meledina 1977, Catacadoceras Bodylevsky 1960, Streptocadoceras Meledina 1977] P87

Cadoceras barnstoni (Meek 1859) [=Ammonites barnstoni; incl. C. barnstoni var. arcuata, C. (*Catacadoceras) laptievi Bodylevsky 1960, C. subcalyx Voronetz 1962, C. subcatostoma Voronetz 1962, C. ventroplanum Voronetz 1962] P87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H79] Hölder, H. 1979. Jurassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A390–A417. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[P87] Poulton, T. P. 1987. Zonation and correlation of Middle Boreal Bathonian to Lower Callovian (Jurassic) ammonites, Salmon Cache Canyon, Porcupine River, northern Yukon. Geological Survey of Canada—Bulletin 358: 1–155.

Aspidoceratinae

Physodoceras sp., from here.

Belongs within: Perisphinctaceae.

The Aspidoceratinae are a group of ammonites known from the Middle and Upper Jurassic, members of which possess laevaptychi (aptychi that are smooth on the exterior surface except for some very weak pustules, and bearing concentric growth lines on the interior surface) (Enseger & Keupp 2002).

<==Aspidoceratinae EK02
    |--Euaspidoceras Spath 1931 EK02
    |--Orthaspidoceras Spath 1925 EK02
    |--Pseudhimalayites Spath 1925 EK02
    |--Schaireria Checa 1985 EK02
    |--Aspidoceras Zittel 1868 EK02
    |    `--A. acanthicum H79
    |--Physodoceras Hyatt 1900 EK02
    |    `--P. avellanum H79
    `--Sutneria Zittel 1884 EK02
         `--S. subeumela H79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[H79] Hölder, H. 1979. Jurassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A390–A417. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Leptoceras

Cheloniceras sp., from here.

Belongs within: Aptychophora.
Contains: Scaphitoidea.

Leptoceras is a genus of small, loosely coiled ammonites known from the Lower Cretaceous ((Upper Berriasian to Valanginian) (Wright et al. 1996). Wiedmann (1969) depicted this genus as ancestral to a number of later ammonite lineages, including both heteromorphic and regular forms.

<==Leptoceras
    |--L. studeri W69
    `--+--L. pumilum W69
       |--+--Paraspiticeras W69
       |  |--Trochleiceras W69
       |  |--Acanthohoplites reesidei W69, K79
       |  `--+--+--Astiericeras W69
       |     |  `--Douvilleiceras W69
       |     |       |--D. clementianum (d’Orbigny 1841) KK08a
       |     |       |--D. inaequinodum (Quenstedt 1849) KK08a
       |     |       |--D. mammillatum (von Schlotheim 1813) KK08a
       |     |       |--D. orbignyi Hyatt 1903 KK08a
       |     |       `--D. scabrosum Casey 1962 KK08a
       |     `--Cheloniceras W69
       |          |  i. s.: C. martinoides K79
       |          |         C. subcornuerianum K79
       |          |         C. subnodocostatum K79
       |          |         C. tschernyschewi K79
       |          |--C. (Cheloniceras) K79
       |          |    |--C. (C.) meyendorfi K79
       |          |    `--C. (C.) parinodum K79
       |          `--C. (Epicheloniceras) K79
       |               |--C. (E.) buxtorfi K79
       |               |--C. (E.) debile K79
       |               `--C. (E.) gracile K79
       `--+--Scaphitoidea W69
          `--Turrilitaceae [Turriculacea] W69
               |--Diplomoceratidae EK02
               |    |--Scalarites Wright & Matsumoto 1954 EK02
               |    `--Diplomoceras Hyatt 1900 OZ89
               |         |--*D. cylindraceum (Defrance 1806) [=Baculites cylindraceae] OZ89
               |         |--D. australe OZ89
               |         |--‘Hamites’ elatior (n. d.) OZ89
               |         |--D. lambi Spath 1953 OZ89
               |         |--D. maximum Olivero & Zinsmeister 1989 OZ89
               |         |--D. notabile OZ89
               |         `--D. (Glyptoxoceras) subcompressum W69
               `--Turrilitidae EK02
                    |  i. s.: Turrilites Lamarck 1801 BR05
                    |           |--T. acutus K79
                    |           `--T. costatus KK08b
                    |         Pseudhelicoceras convolutum W69
                    |         Helicoceras d’Orbigny 1842 W77
                    |           |--H. mortoni W77
                    |           `--H. pariense White 1877 W77
                    |--Algerites W69
                    |--+--Hyphantoceras reussianum W69, K79
                    |  `--Neocrioceras W69
                    `--+--Proturrilitoides W69
                       `--+--Bostrychoceras polyplocum W69, K79
                          |--Cirroceras W69
                          |--Jouaniceras W69
                          |--Anaklinoceras W69
                          `--Axonoceras W69
                               |--A. compressum K79
                               |--A. multicostatum K79
                               `--A. pingue K79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08a] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008a. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.

[KK08b] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008b. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Forbesiceratidae Wright, 1952. African Natural History 4: 117–130.

[OZ89] Olivero, E. B., & W. J. Zinsmeister. 1989. Large heteromorph ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Journal of Paleontology 63 (5): 626–636.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.

Calycoceras

Calycoceras spinosum, from here.

Belongs within: Acanthoceratoidea.

Calycoceras is a genus of evolute ammonites with depressed whorls known from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) (Wright et al. 1996).

Characters (from Wright et al. 1996): Rather evolute, with whorl section depressed and subcircular, oval, polygonal, or subquadrate; ribs strong, generally straight, continuous over rounded or flat but not concave venter; on early whorls at least umbilical, ventrolateral, siphonal, and, in most specimens, midlateral tubercles; in multituberculate forms umbilical tubercle more prominent than midlateral; tubercles may disappear with age and may or may not be rejuvenated on last part of shell. Marked dimorphism in size apparently general.

<==Calycoceras
    |--C. andranovaritelense K79
    |--C. asiaticum K79
    |--C. boulei K79
    |--C. canitaurinum K79
    |--C. hourcqi K79
    |--C. jeanneti K79
    |--C. latelobatum K79
    |--C. leonense K79
    |--C. (Calycoceras) naviculare (Mantell 1822) [=Acanthoceras naviculare] KK08
    |--C. newboldi K79
    |--C. orientale K79
    |--C. spinosum K79
    |--C. stoliczkai K79
    `--C. tarrantense K79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008. Hypermorphosis in Salaziceras, a Cretaceous ammonite, from Madagascar. African Natural History 4: 113–116.

Wright, C. W., J. H. Callomon & M. K. Howarth. 1996. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt L. Mollusca 4, Revised vol. 4. Cretaceous Ammonoidea. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Acanthoceratoidea

Forbesiceras largilliertianum, from here.

Belongs within: Brancoceratoidea.
Contains: Tegoceras, Calycoceras.

The Acanthoceratoidea are a Cretaceous group of usually strongly ribbed ammonites, with a tendency to develop prominent tubercles.

<==Acanthoceratoidea [Acanthocerataceae, Lyellicerataceae, Lyelliceratoidea] KK08a
    |  i. s.: Barroisiceras de Grossouvre 1894 EK02
    |           |--B. anilahyense K79
    |           `--B. haberfellneri K79
    |         Subprionocyclus TLY03
    |           |--S. neptuni TLY03
    |           `--S. normalis K79
    |--Forbesiceras Kossmat 1897 KK08c (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--*F. largilliertianum (d’Orbigny 1841) (see below for synonymy) KK08c
    |    |--F. baylissi Wright & Kennedy 1984 KK08c
    |    |--F. beaumontianum (d’Orbigny 1841) [=Ammonites beaumontianus] KK08c
    |    |--F. bicarinatum Szász 1976 KK08c
    |    |--F. brundrettei (Young 1958) KK08c
    |    |--F. chevillei (Pictet & Renevier 1866) (see below for synonymy) KK08c
    |    |--F. conlini Stephenson 1953 KK08c
    |    |--F. douvillei (Collignon 1929) [=Pulchellia (Neopulchellia) douvillei] KK08c
    |    |--F. flicki Pervinquière 1907 KK08c
    |    |--F. furnishi Collignon 1964 KK08c
    |    |--F. gignouxi (Collignon 1929) [=Pulchellia (*Neopulchellia) gignouxi] KK08c
    |    |--F. mikasaense Matsumoto 1986 KK08c
    |    |--F. obtectum (Sharpe 1853) KK08c
    |    |--F. pseudobtectum Collignon 1964 KK08c
    |    |--F. subobtectum (Stoliczka 1864) [=Ammonites subobtectus] KK08c
    |    |--F. tenuipunctatum Collignon 1964 KK08c
    |    `--F. varicostatum Zaborski 1990 KK08c
    |--Lyelliceratidae KK08a
    |    |  i. s.: Budaiceras K79
    |    |--Tegoceras KK08a
    |    `--+--Stoliczkaiinae [Neophlycticeratinae] KK08a
    |       |    |--Neophlycticeras madagascariensis K79
    |       |    `--Stoliczkaia K79
    |       |         |--S. africana K79
    |       |         |--S. clavigera K79
    |       |         |--S. crassa K79
    |       |         |--S. dispar K79
    |       |         |--S. grandidieri K79
    |       |         `--S. notha K79
    |       |--Salaziceras Breistroffer 1936 KK08b [Flickiidae KK08a, Salaziceratinae]
    |       |    |--*S. salazacense (Hébert & Munier-Chalmas 1875) [=Ammonites salazacensis] KK08b
    |       |    `--S. lemoinei Kennedy & Klinger 2008 KK08b
    |       `--Acanthoceratidae [Acanthoceratinae] KK08a
    |            |--Dunveganoceras K79
    |            |--Calycoceras K79
    |            |--Eucalycoceras K79
    |            |--Kanabiceras K79
    |            `--Acanthoceras KK08c
    |                 |--A. alvaradoense K79
    |                 |--A. amphibolum K79
    |                 |--A. amudariensis A03
    |                 |--A. beilense K79
    |                 |--A. jukesbrownei K79
    |                 |--A. muldoonense K79
    |                 |--A. rhotomagense KK08c
    |                 `--A. vicinale K79
    `--Collignoniceratidae K79
         |--Peroniceratinae K79
         |--Collignoniceratinae K79
         |    |--Reesidites minimus K79, TLY03
         |    |--Prionocyclus K79
         |    `--Collignoniceras Breistroffer 1947 EK02
         |         |--C. teshioensis K79
         |         `--C. woollgari K79
         `--Texanitinae K79
              |--Submortoniceras K79
              `--Texanites Spath 1932 EK02
                   |--T. americanus K79
                   |--T. hispanica K79
                   |--T. hourcqi K79
                   |--T. kawasakii K79
                   |--T. oliveti K79
                   |--T. pseudotexanus K79
                   |--T. shiloensis K79
                   |--T. stangeri K79
                   |    |--T. s. stangeri K79
                   |    `--T. s. densicostus K79
                   `--T. texanus K79
                        |--T. t. texanus K79
                        `--T. t. gallicus K79

Forbesiceras Kossmat 1897 KK08c [=Cenomanites Haug 1898 KK08c, Discoceras Kossmat 1895 non Barrande 1867 KK08c; incl. Neopulchellia Collignon 1929 KK08c; Forbesiceratidae, Forbesiceratinae KK08a]

Forbesiceras chevillei (Pictet & Renevier 1866) [=Ammonites chevillei; incl. F. almerae (Mallada 1891), F. clarki Collignon 1964, F. nodosum Crick 1907, F. sculptum Crick 1907] KK08c

*Forbesiceras largilliertianum (d’Orbigny 1841) [=Ammonites largilliertianus, *Cenomanites largilliertianus, *Discoceras largilliertianum] KK08c

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A03] Alifanov, V. R. 2003. Two new dinosaurs of the infraorder Neoceratopsia (Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nemegt Depression, Mongolian People’s Republic. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2003 (5): 77–88 (transl. Paleontological Journal 37 (5): 524–534.)

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08a] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008a. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.

[KK08b] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008b. Hypermorphosis in Salaziceras, a Cretaceous ammonite, from Madagascar. African Natural History 4: 113–116.

[KK08c] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008c. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Forbesiceratidae Wright, 1952. African Natural History 4: 117–130.

[TLY03] Tanabe, K., N. H. Landman & Y. Yoshioka. 2003. Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 876–887.

Brancoceratoidea

Prolyelliceras ulrichi, from here.

Belongs within: Aptychophora.
Contains: Acanthoceratoidea.

The Brancoceratoidea is a Cretaceous group of ammonites with a more or less evolute conch bearing strong ribs.

<==Brancoceratoidea [Brancocerataceae] KK08
    |--Leymeriella [Leymeriellidae] KK08
    |    |--L. regularis K79
    |    |--L. schrammeni K79
    |    `--L. tardefurcata KK08
    `--+--Acanthoceratoidea KK08
       `--Brancoceratinae [Brancoceratidae] KK08
            |--Brancoceras Hyatt 1884 KK08, H84
            |    |--*B. ixion [=Goniatites ixion] H84
            |    |--B. alternatum Kennedy 2004 KK08
            |    |--B. lineare [=Goniatites linearis] H84
            |    |--B. ovatum [=Goniatites ovatus] H84
            |    |--B. rotatorium [=Goniatites rotatorius] H84
            |    |--B. subsulcatum [=Goniatites subsulcatus] H84
            |    |--B. sulcatum [=Goniatites sulcatus] H84
            |    |--B. umbilicatum H84
            |    `--B. ungeri [=Goniatites ungeri] H84
            `--+--Parabrancoceras Breistroffer 1951 KK08
               |    `--P. dromense KK08
               `--Prolyelliceras Spath 1930 [incl. Ralphimlayites Etayo-Serna 1979] KK08
                    |  i. s.: P. alternatum (Robert 2002) (see below for synonymy) KK08
                    |         ‘Ralphimlayites’ apuloense Etayo-Serna 1979 KK08
                    |         P. flandrini (Dubourdieu 1953) [=Lyelliceras flandrini] KK08
                    |         P. radenaci (Pervinquière 1907) [=Prionotropis radenaci] KK08
                    |--P. cotteri (Spath 1930) [=Lyelliceras cotteri] KK08
                    |--P. lobatum (Riedel 1938) KK08
                    `--+--P. prorsocurvatum (Gerhardt 1897) (see below for synonymy) KK08
                       `--+--+--Eubrancoceras aegoceratoides (Steinmann 1881) KK08
                          |  `--P. mathewsi (Knechtel 1947) [=Lyelliceras mathewsi, Ralphimlayites mathewsi] KK08
                          `--+--‘Lyelliceras’ isaclei KK08
                             `--P. ulrichi (Knechtel 1947) [=Lyelliceras ulrichi, Ralphimlayites ulrichi] KK08

Prolyelliceras alternatum (Robert 2002) [=Ralphimlayites alternatum, R. alternum Robert 2001 (n. n.)] KK08

Prolyelliceras prorsocurvatum (Gerhardt 1897) [=Acanthoceras prorsocurvatum, *Ralphimlayites prorsocurvatum; incl. *Prolyelliceras peruvianum Spath 1930] KK08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.