Dictyomitra

Specimen of Dictyomitra montisserei, from Babazedeh & Wever (2004). Scale bar = 30 µm.

Belongs within: Stichocapsoidea.

Dictyomitra is a Mesozoic genus of radiolarians with a conical shell bearing open pores between well-developed segmental constrictions.

Dictyomitra Zittel 1876 BW04
    |--D. brouweri BL79
    |--D. carpatica BL79
    |--D. chalilovi BL79
    |--D. duodesimcostata BL79
    |--D. excellens (Tan 1927) BW04
    |--D. gracilis (Squinabol 1903) BW04
    |--D. lipmanae BL79
    |--D. montisserei (Squinabol 1903) BW04
    |--D. olivosa BL79
    |--D. ornata BL79
    |--D. pseudomacrocephala BL79
    |--D. rhadina BL79
    |--D. somphedia BL79
    `--D. veneta K79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BW04] Babazadeh, S. A., & P. de Wever. 2004. Early Cretaceous radiolarian assemblages from radiolarites in the Sistan Suture (eastern Iran). Geodiversitas 26 (2): 185–206.

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Nassellaria

Zygocircus productus, from here.

Belongs within: Radiozoa.
Contains: Popofskyelloidea, Cessipyloroidea, Pylentonemoidea, Archipilioidea, Acropyramidoidea, Lychnocanioidea, Eucyrtidioidea, Stichocapsoidea, Amphipyndacioidea, Cannobotryoidea, Triospyrididae, Acanthodesmiidae.

The Nassellaria is a major group of radiolarians known from the Cambrian to the present, with a heteropolar or bilaterally symmetrical skeleton comprising an inner frame and an external shell (Afanasieva et al. 2005).

Characters (from Afanasieva et al. 2005): Heteropolar or bilaterally symmetrical. Skeleton based on inner frame in shape of hollow sphere, polyhedron or spicule, and external shell (conical, pyramidal, spindle-shaped, bell-shaped, helmet-shaped, cap-shaped, or differently shaped test or external skeleton), often segmented. External skeleton subdivided into four main portions: cephalis, thorax, abdomen, and postabdomen. Postabdomen may be further segmented (2–15 or more segments). Inner skeletal polyhedron (5–30 μm in diameter) and spicule included in cephalis, median bar of spicule separating cephalis from thorax. Number and position of rays (spines) of spicule stable: spines A, D, and 2l arising from one end of median bar (MB), spines V, 2L, and Ax extending from another end.

Nassellaria [Nassellarida]
    |--Pylomariata AA05
    |    |--Popofskyelloidea AA05
    |    |--+--Cessipyloroidea AA05
    |    |  `--Pylentonemoidea AA05
    |    `--Proventocitidae [Proventocitoidea] AA05
    |         |--Procyrtis Li 1995 AA05
    |         |--Ulcundia Nazarov 1974 AA05
    |         |    `--U. incomperta AA05
    |         `--Proventocitum Nazarov & Ormiston 1990 AA05
    |              `--P. procerullum AA05
    |--Cyrtidinata [Cyrtoidea] AA05
    |    |  i. s.: Anthocyrtium Haeckel 1887 H04, AA05
    |    |           `--A. campanula H04
    |    |         Alacorys Haeckel 1881 H04, AA05
    |    |           `--A. bismarckii H04
    |    |--Archipilioidea AA05
    |    |--Acropyramidoidea AA05
    |    |--Lychnocanioidea AA05
    |    |--Eucyrtidioidea AA05
    |    |--Stichocapsoidea AA05
    |    |--Amphipyndacioidea AA05
    |    `--Cannobotryoidea AA05
    `--Spyridinata [Spyroidea, Stephaniicae, Stephoidea] AA05
         |  i. s.: Clathrospyris Haeckel 1881 H04, AA05
         |           `--C. pyramidalis H04
         |         Pylospyris Haeckel 1881 H04, AA05
         |           `--P. canariensis H04
         |         Sepalospyris Haeckel 1881 H04, AA05
         |           `--S. pagoda H04
         |         Dictyospyris Ehrenberg 1847 H04, AA05
         |           |--D. anthophora H04
         |           `--D. stalactites H04
         |         Elaphospyris Haeckel 1881 H04, AA05
         |           `--E. cervicornis H04
         |--Triospyrididae AA05
         |--Acanthodesmiidae AA05
         `--Stephaniidae AA05
              |--Cortina Haeckel 1881 AA05
              |--Plagiocarpa Haeckel 1881 AA05
              |--Stephanium Haeckel 1887 AA05
              |    `--S. quadrupes AA05
              `--Zygocircus Buetschli 1882 AA05
                   `--Z. productus AA05

Nassellaria incertae sedis:
  Fuelopicyrtis Kozur & Mostler 1981 DZ03
  Recoaroella Dumitrica 1982 DZ03
  Corocalyptra Haeckel 1887 BC98, AA05
    `--C. craspedota (Jørgensen 1900) BC98
  Peridium Haeckel 1881 BC98, AA05
    `--P. longispinum Jørgensen 1900 BC98
  Acanthocorys Haeckel 1882 BC98, AA05
    `--A. umbellifera (Haeckel 1862) BC98
  Dorypylidae BW04
    |--Dorypyle Squinabol 1904 BW04
    |    `--D. communis (Squinabol 1903) BW04
    `--Hiscocapsa O’Dogherty 1994 BW04
         `--H. asseni (Tan 1927) BW04
  Tertoniidae DZ03
    |--Tertonium Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |    |--*T. rectum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |    `--T. curvicornum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    `--Toritenum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
         |--*T. hirsutum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
         |--T. corpulentum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
         `--‘Parvicingula’ obesa Takemura 1986 DZ03
  Artostrobus Haeckel 1881 BC98, AA05
    |--A. annulatus (Bailey 1856) BC98
    `--A. joergenseni Petrushevskaya 1971 BC98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AA05] Afanasieva, M. S., E. O. Amon, Y. V. Agarkov & D. S. Boltovskoy. 2005. Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (Suppl. 3): S135–S392.

[BW04] Babazadeh, S. A., & P. de Wever. 2004. Early Cretaceous radiolarian assemblages from radiolarites in the Sistan Suture (eastern Iran). Geodiversitas 26 (2): 185–206.

[BC98] Bjørklund, K. R., G. Cortese, N. Swanberg & H. J. Schrader. 1998. Radiolarian faunal provinces in surface sediments of the Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian (GIN) Seas. Marine Micropalaeontology 35: 105–140.

[DZ03] Dumitrica, P., & P. Zügel. 2003. Lower Tithonian mono- and dicyrtid Nassellaria (Radiolaria) from the Solnhofen area (southern Germany). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 5–72.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

Palaeoscenidiidae

Palaeoephippium bifurcum, from here.

Belongs within: Radiozoa.

The Palaeoscenidiidae are a family of radiolarians known from the Ordovician to the Jurassic.

Characters (from MacDonald 2004): Five or more rays from ends of median bar or point center, separated into apical and basal hemispheres, may be rays between hemispheres. With or without shell, formed by branching of basal rays, less commonly by all rays.

Palaeoscenidiidae [Entactinaria]
    |--Palaeoscenidium Deflandre 1953 M04
    |--Palaeotrifidus ballator Renz 1990 M04
    |--Fukujius yamakoshii Furutani 1990 M04
    |--Palaeotripus Goodbody 1986 M04
    |    `--P. sexabrachiatus Renz 1990 M04
    |--Palaeopyramidium Goodbody 1986 M04
    |    `--*P. spinosum Goodbody 1986 M04
    |--Holdsworthum Furutani 1990 M04
    |    `--*H. japonicus Furutani 1990 M04
    |--Protoentactinia Kozur, Mostler & Repetski 1996 (see below for synonymy) M04
    |    |--*P. gracilispinosa Kozur, Mostler & Repetski 1996 M04
    |    `--P. tricorne (Goodbody 1986) [=Palaeoephippium tricorne] M04
    |--Goodbodium Furutani 1990 M04
    |    |--*G. flammatum (Goodbody 1986) [=Palaeoscenidium flammatum; incl. G. elegans Furutani 1990] M04
    |    |--G. nishiyamai Furutani 1990 M04
    |    `--G. rarispinosum (Goodbody 1986) [=Palaeoscenidium rarispinosum] M04
    |--Insolitignum MacDonald 1999 M04
    |    |--*I. dissimile (Goodbody 1986) [=Palaeoephippium dissimile; incl. I. peraniuma MacDonald 1999] M04
    |    |--I. cancellatum (Goodbody 1986) (see below for synonymy) M04
    |    `--I. vivanima MacDonald 1999 M04
    |--Palaeodecaradium Goodbody 1986 M04
    |    |--*P. umbelliforme Goodbody 1986 M04
    |    |--P. apertum (Goodbody 1986) [=Palaeoscenidium apertum; incl. Palaeotripus nudus Goodbody 1986] M04
    |    `--P. gordoni MacDonald 2004 M04
    `--Palaeoephippium Goodbody 1986 M04
         |--*P. bifurcum Goodbody 1986 [incl. P. aranea Goodbody 1986] M04
         |--P. echinatum Goodbody 1986 M04
         |--‘Palaeotripus’ impariramosus Goodbody 1986 M04
         |--P. multiramosum Goodbody 1986 M04
         |--P. octoramosum Renz 1990 M04
         |--P. radices Goodbody 1986 [incl. P. ramipendentes Goodbody 1986, P. reteforme Goodbody 1986] M04
         `--P. spinosum Goodbody 1986 [incl. Palaeotripus monospinosum Goodbody 1986] M04

Insolitignum cancellatum (Goodbody 1986) [=Palaeoscenidium cancellatum; incl. Palaeoephippium adraini MacDonald 1999, Palaeotripus cancellatus Goodbody 1986] M04

Protoentactinia Kozur, Mostler & Repetski 1996 [incl. Noblella Kozur, Mostler & Repetski 1996; Protoentactiniidae] M04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[M04] MacDonald, E. W. 2004. Palaeoscenidiidae (Radiolaria) from the Lower Silurian of the Cape Phillips Formation, Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada. Journal of Paleontology 78: 257-274.

Saitoum

Latero-ventral (A), dorsal (C) and basal (B, D) views of two specimens of Saitoum ambiguum, from Dumitrica & Zügel (2003).

Belongs within: Nassellaria.

Saitoum is a genus of radiolarian found from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous. Members of this genus have a globular cephalis with a distinct apical horn, and without verticils of spines on the feet (Dumitrica & Zügel 2003).

Saitoum Pessagno 1977 DZ03
    |--*S. pagei Pessagno 1977 DZ03
    |--S. ambiguum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. bicorniculatum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. curtipes Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. delicatum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. dercourti Widz & de Wever 1993 DZ03
    |--S. differtum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. elegans de Wever 1981 DZ03
    |--S. kapewinteri Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. labeosum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. levium de Wever 1981 DZ03
    |--S. macilentum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--S. reticulatum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    `--S. virgulispina Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DZ03] Dumitrica, P., & P. Zügel. 2003. Lower Tithonian mono- and dicyrtid Nassellaria (Radiolaria) from the Solnhofen area (southern Germany). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 5-72.

Napora

Napora bukryi, from Radworld.

Belongs within: Nassellaria.

Napora is a genus of radiolarians known from the Lower Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous. Members of this genus have a verticil of three spines or spinules as extensions of the three blades (Dumitrica & Zügel 2003).

Napora Pessagno 1977 [incl. Jacus de Wever 1982] DZ03
    |--*N. bukryi Pessagno 1977 DZ03
    |--N. aranea Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. avirostrum Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. bondoca Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. boneti Pessagno, Whalen & Yeh 1986 DZ03
    |--N. buckhardti Pessagno, Whalen & Yeh 1986 DZ03
    |--N. collieri Hull 1997 DZ03
    |--‘*Jacus’ coronatus de Wever 1982 DZ03
    |--N. cristata Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. cruda Yang 1993 DZ03
    |--N. divaricata Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. latissima Takemura 1986 DZ03
    |--N. lomoalta Hull 1997 DZ03
    |--N. matsuokai Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. modesta Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. pacifica Kiessling 1999 DZ03
    |--N. parva Takemura 1986 DZ03
    |--N. praespinifera Pessagno 1977 DZ03
    |--N. pyramis Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. schaudibergensis Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    |--N. spinifera DZ03
    |--N. timida Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03
    `--N. triangularis Dumitrica & Zügel 2003 DZ03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DZ03] Dumitrica, P., & P. Zügel. 2003. Lower Tithonian mono- and dicyrtid Nassellaria (Radiolaria) from the Solnhofen area (southern Germany). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 5-72.