Paracanthomorphacea

Swampfish Chologaster cornuta, from NCFishes.com.

Belongs within: Acanthomorphata.
Contains: Zeiformes, Gadiformes.

The Paracanthomorphacea are a clade of spiny-finned fishes united on the basis of molecular data.

Paracanthomorphacea B-RB13
    |--Zeiogadaria [Zeioigadiformes] B-RB13
    |    |--Zeiformes B-RB13
    |    `--Gadariae B-RB13
    |         |--Gadiformes B-RB13
    |         `--Stylephorus [Stylephoridae, Stylephoriformes, Stylephoroidei] NE12
    |              `--S. chordatus Shaw 1791 O99
    `--Percopsiformes [Percopsaria, Salmopercae] B-RB13
         |--Sphenocephalus P93 [Sphenocephalidae, Sphenocephaloidei B96]
         |    `--S. fissicaudus Agassiz 1839 P93
         |--Percopsidae [Erismatopteridae, Percopsoidei] NE12
         |    |--Massamorichthys wilsoni NE12
         |    |--Amphiplaga brachyptera Cope 1877 P93
         |    |--Erismatopterus NE12
         |    |--Lateopisciculus NE12
         |    `--Percopsis NE12
         |         |--P. omiscomaycus NE12
         |         `--P. transmontana B96
         `--Aphredoderoidei B96
              |--Aphredoderidae NE12
              |    |--Aphredoderus sayanus (Gilliams 1824) LD09 [=Scolopsis sayanus BS93]
              |    |    |--A. s. sayanus BS93
              |    |    `--A. s. gibbosus LeSueur 1833 BS93
              |    `--Trichophanes NE12
              |         |--T. foliarum NE12
              |         `--T. hians Cope 1872 P93
              `--Amblyopsidae [Amblyopsoidei] B96
                   |--Typhlichthys Girard 1859 TP86
                   |    `--T. subterraneus Girard 1859 TP86
                   |--Speoplatyrhinus Cooper & Kuehne 1974 TP86
                   |    `--S. poulsoni Cooper & Kuehne 1974 TP86
                   |--Amblyopsis de Kay 1842 TP86
                   |    |--A. rosae (Eigenmann 1898) TP86
                   |    `--A. spelaea de Kay 1842 TP86
                   `--Chologaster TP86
                        |--C. agassizi TP86
                        `--C. cornuta NE12

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B-RB13] Betancur-R., R., R. E. Broughton, E. O. Wiley, K. Carpenter, A. López, C. Li, N. I. Holcroft, D. Arcila, M. Sanciangco, J. C. Cureton, II, F. Zhang, T. Buser, M. A. Campbell, J. A. Ballesteros, A. Roa-Varon, S. Willis, W. C. Borden, T. Rowley, P. C. Reneau, D. J. Hough, G. Lu, T. Grande, G. Arratia & G. Ortí. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life April 18 2013. doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288.

[BS93] Boltz, J. M., & J. R. Stauffer Jr. 1993. Systematics of Aphredoderus sayanus (Teleostei: Aphredoderidae). Copeia 1993: 81–98.

[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2^nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.

[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.

[NE12] Near, T. J., R. I. Eytan, A. Dornburg, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, M. P. Davis, P. C. Wainwright, M. Friedman & W. L. Smith. 2012. Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (34): 13698–13703.

[O99] Olney, J. E. 1999. Stylephoridae. Tube-eyes. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae) pp. 1969. FAO: Rome.

[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.

[TP86] Thinès, G., & G. Proudlove. 1986. Pisces. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 709–733. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Gadidae

Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, copyright Joachim S. Müller.

Belongs within: Gadiformes.

The Gadidae, cods, are a group of marine fishes found primarily in circumpolar to temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. They are characterised by an externally symmetrical caudal fin, rounded cycloid scales, no v-shaped ridge on the top of the head, and a swim bladder that is not connected to the skull (Klein-MacPhee 2002a).

<==Gadidae [Lotidae, Lotinae]
    |--Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet 1824) LD09
    `--+--Enchelyopus Bloch & Schneider 1801 LD09, K-M02a [incl. Rhinonemus Gill 1863 K-M02a]
       |    |--E. cimbrius (Linné 1766) LD09
       |    `--E. elongatus LN10
       `--+--Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758) LD09
          `--Gadus Linnaeus 1758 LD09, L58 [Gadinae]
               |--G. aeglefinus Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. barbatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. callarias Linnaeus 1758 L58 [=G. morhua callarius B96]
               |--G. carbonarius Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. esmarkii P61
               |--G. lota Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. luscus Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. macrocephalus B96
               |--G. mediterraneus Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. melanostomus D56
               |--G. merlangus Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. merluccius Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. minutus Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. molva Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. morhua Linnaeus 1758 K-M02a
               |--G. mustela Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. ovak D56
               |--G. pollachius Linnaeus 1758 L58
               |--G. poutassou PP64
               `--G. virens Linnaeus 1758 L58

Gadidae incertae sedis:
  Brosme brosme (Ascanius 1772) K-M02a
  Molva B96
    |--M. byrkelange D56
    |--M. dipterygia CS77
    |--M. elongata PP64
    `--M. macrophthalmus K-M02b
  Ciliata B96
  Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758) SM06, SE08
  Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758) K-M02a
  Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) K-M02a
  Pollachius K-M02a
    |--P. pollachius CS77
    `--P. virens (Linnaeus 1758) K-M02a
  Theragra chalcogramma B96
  Micromesistius B96
    |--M. australis H01
    `--M. poutassou B96
  Arctogadus borisovi B96
  Boreogadus saida B96
  Lotidarum marinus Gaemers 1985 P93
  Palaeomolva monstrata Fedotov 1974 P93
  Parvicolliolus minutulus (Gaemers 1978) P93
  Gadiculus P93
    |--G. altus (Gaemers & van Hinsbergh 1978) P93
    `--G. argenteus PP64
  Trisopterus elegans F91

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2^nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms. University Press: Cambridge.

[F91] Freess, W. B. 1991. Beiträge zur Kenntnis von Fauna und Flora des marinen Mitteloligozäns bei Leipzig. Altenburger Naturwissenschaftliche Forschungen 6: 3–74.

[H01] Harcourt, R. G. 2001. Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: pinnipeds. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31 (1): 135–160.

[K-M02a] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002a. Cods. Family Gadidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 223–261. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[K-M02b] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002b. Ocean sunfishes. Family Molidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 603–607. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[LN10] Liu, J., & P. Ning. 2010. Species composition and faunal characteristics of fishes of the Yellow Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 42–43. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[P61] Price, E. W. 1961. North American monogenetic trematodes IX. The families Mazocraeidae and Plectanocotylidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 127–156.

[SM06] Satoh, T. P., M. Miya, H. Endo & M. Nishida. 2006. Round and pointed-head grenadier fishes (Actinopterygii: Gadiformes) represent a single sister group: evidence from the complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 129–138.

[SE08] Sevcsik, A., & T. Erös. 2008. A revised catalogue of freshwater fishes of Hungary and the neighbouring countries in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Pisces). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 100: 331–383.