Candelabrum trophon Boreotrophon candelabrum, copyright Worldwide Conchology.
Belongs within: Muricoidea.
Contains: Pterynotus,
Axymene,
Terefundus,
Muricopsis,
Favartia,
Murexiella,
Ocenebra,
Nucella,
Trophon, Rapaninae,
Dermomurex,
Murex,
Chicoreus,
Siratus.
The Muricidae are a group of marine gastropods with strongly developed varices on the shells, commonly bearing prominent spines, flanges or other ornaments.
Characters (from Wilson & Gillett 1971): Spire usually prominent; strongly developed varices often bearing prominent spines, nodules or fronds; aperture oval with folds or pointed teeth on outer lip; columella smooth or denticulate; large horny operculum present.
<==Muricidae [Muricedae, Muricina, Trophonidae]
|--+--Ocenebrinae ZLK11
| | |--Ocenebra BR05
| | |--Nucella BR05
| | `--Ecphora Conrad 1843 [Ecphorinae] BR05
| | `--*E. quadricostata (Say 1824) [=Fusus quadricostatus] RA75
| `--Trophoninae ZLK11
| |--Trophon BR05
| `--Boreotrophon Fischer 1884 ZLK11, RA75
| |--*B. clathrata (Linné 1767) [=Murex clathrata] RA75
| |--B. candelabrum GAS03
| `--B. xestra ZLK11
`--+--Rapaninae ZLK11
`--Muricinae [Murexia] ZLK11
| i. s.: Dermomurex V95
| Aspella Mörch 1877 [Aspellinae] BR05
| |--*A. anceps (Lamarck 1822) [=Ranella anceps] RA75
| `--A. undata Hedley 1907 [=Clavus undatus] L54
| Pteropurpura Jousseaume 1880 O27
| | i. s.: P. benderskyi Emerson & D’Attilio 1979 BC01
| |--P. (Pteropurpura) O27
| | |--P. (*P.) macropterus (Deshayes 1839) [=Murex (*P.) macropterus] RA75
| | |--P. (P.) carpenteri (Dall 1899) [=Murex (P.) carpenteri] O27
| | | |--M. c. carpenteri O27
| | | `--M. c. tremperi Hemphill 1911) [=Murex carpenteri tremperi] O27
| | `--P. (P.) petri (Dall 1900) [=Murex (P.) petri] O27
| `--P. (Centrifuga Grant & Gale 1931) BC01
| `--P. (*C.) centrifuga (Hinds 1844) BC01, RA75 [=Murex centrifuga RA75]
| Trialatella Berry 1964 PP78, RA75
| `--*T. cunninghamae Berry 1964 RA75 [=Aspella (Trialatella) cunninghamae PP78]
|--Murex ZLK11
`--+--+--Chicoreus ZLK11
| `--Bolinus Pusch 1837 S11, RA75 [=Rhinocantha Adams & Adams 1853 RA75]
| `--*B. brandaris (Linnaeus 1758) [=Murex brandaris, *Rhinocantha brandaris] RA75
`--+--Siratus ZLK11
`--Muricanthus Swainson 1840 ZLK11, RA75 [=Centronotus Swainson 1833 non Schneider 1801 RA75]
|--*M. radix (Gmelin 1791) [=Murex radix, *Centronotus radix] RA75
`--‘Murex’ duplex Röding 1798 [incl. M. eurystomus Swainson 1833, Centronotus eurystomus] RA75
Muricidae incertae sedis:
Ocinebrellus Jousseaume 1880 AV03, RA75 [=Ternaria Coen 1943 RA75]
|--*O. eurypteron (Reeve 1845) [=Murex eurypteron, *Ternaria eurypteron] RA75
|--O. aduncus AV03
`--O. nagaokai AV03
Uttleya Marwick 1934 P66
|--*U. arcana Marwick 1934 RA75
|--U. ahiparana (Powell 1927) P61
|--U. marwicki Powell 1952 P61
`--U. williamsi Powell 1952 P66
Plicopurpura Cossmann 1903 CWN94, RA75 [=Purpurella Dall 1871 non Robineau-Desvoidy 1853 RA75]
|--*P. columellaris (Lamarck 1816) [=Purpura columellaris, *Purpurella columellaris] RA75
|--P. pansa CWN94
`--P. patula CWN94
Ceratostoma Hermannsen 1846 AV03, RA75 (see below for synonymy)
|--*C. nuttallii (Conrad 1837) [=Murex (*Cerastoma) nuttallii, *Spinostoma nuttalli] RA75
|--C. burnetti AV03
|--C. foliatum AV03
`--C. inornatum CH97
Hexaplex Swainson 1833 WG71, BC01
|--*H. cichoreus (Gmelin 1791) [=Murex chicoreum] RA75
|--H. conatus P95
|--H. kusterianus [=Muricanthus kusterianus] BC01
| |--H. k. kusterianus BC01
| `--H. k. bozzadamii (Franchi 1990) [=Muricanthus kusterianus bozzadamii] BC01
|--H. rileyi D’Attilio & Myers 1984 BC01
`--H. stainforthi Reeve 1842 WG71
Pterynotus MG-H11
Haustellum Schumacher 1817 V90
|--*H. haustellum (Linnaeus 1758) [=Murex haustellum] RA75
|--H. chrysostoma (Sowerby 1834) [=Murex chrysostoma] V90
|--H. donmoorei (Bullis 1964) [=Murex (Murex) donmoorei] BC01
|--H. kiiensis (Kira 1959) V90
|--H. messorius (Sowerby 1844) BC01 (see below for synonymy)
|--H. multiplicatus (Sowerby 1895) MG-H11
|--H. tweedianum Macpherson 1962 WG71
`--H. wilsoni D’Attilio & Old 1971 BC01
Homalocantha Mörch 1852 WG71
|--*H. scorpio (Linnaeus 1758) [=Murex scorpio] RA75
|--H. anatomica Perry 1811 [incl. H. pele Pilsbry 1921, H. rota Mawe 1823] WG71
|--H. secunda Lamarck 1822 [incl. H. varicosa Sowerby 1841] WG71
`--H. zamboi (Burch & Burch 1960) [=Murex (Homalocantha) anatomica zamboi] BC01
Vitularia Swainson 1840 WG71 [incl. Vitulina Swainson 1840 RA75]
|--V. miliaris (Gmelin 1791) WG71 (see below for synonymy)
|--V. candida Adams & Adams 1863 F27a
`--V. salebrosa (King & Broderip 1832) S11
Bedeva Iredale 1924 WG71
`--B. paivae (Crosse 1864) HJ08 (see below for synonymy)
Xymene Iredale 1915 F27a [=Kalydon Hutton 1884 (nom. rej.) RA75]
|--*X. plebeia (Hutton 1873) RA75 [=Fusus plebeius RA75, Trophon (*Kalydon) plebejus F27a, RA75]
|--X. ambiguus HS01
|--X. drewi (Hutton 1883) [=Cominella drewi] F27a
|--X. expansa (Hutton 1883) [=Trophon expansus] F27a
|--X. inferus (Hutton 1873) P61 [=Fusus inferus F27a, Trophon (Kalydon) inferus F27a]
|--X. pulcherrima (Suter 1917) [=Trophon (Xanthochorus) pulcherrimus] F27a
`--X. traversi HS01
Galfridus Iredale 1924 F27a
|--*G. speciosus (Angas 1871) RA75 [=Triton (Cumia) speciosum RA75, Craspedotriton speciosus P61]
`--G. virginalis (Suter 1913) [=Trophon virginalis] F27a
Zeatrophon Finlay 1927 F27a
|--*Z. ambiguus (Philippi 1844) RA75 [=Fusus ambiguus RA75, Trophon ambiguus F27a]
|--Z. bonneti (Cossmann 1903) [=Trophon (Trophonopsis) bonneti] F27a
|--Z. caudatinus Finlay 1930 P61
|--Z. caudatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1833) P61 [=Siphonalia caudata F27a]
|--Z. huttoni (Murdoch 1900) [=Trophon huttoni] F27a
|--Z. mortenseni (Odhner 1924) [=Trophon mortenseni] F27a
|--Z. pulcherrimus Finlay 1930 P61
|--Z. pumilus (Suter 1899) P61
`--Z. tmetus Finlay 1930 P61
Xymenella Finlay 1927 F27a
|--*X. pusilla (Suter 1907) RA75 [=Trophon (Trophonopsis) pusillus F27a]
|--X. gouldi (Cossmann 1903) [=Trophon gouldi, Xymene oliveri Marwick 1924] F27c
|--X. lepida (Suter 1917) [=Trophon (Kalydon) lepidus] F27a
|--X. minutissima (Suter 1917) [=Trophon (Kalydon) minutissimus] F27a
`--X. suteri (Marshall & Murdoch 1921) [=Cymatium suteri] F27a
Paratrophon Finlay 1927 F27a
|--*P. cheesemani (Hutton 1882) RA75 (see below for synonymy)
|--P. exsculptus Powell 1933 P61
|--P. patens (Hombron & Jacquinot 1854) P61
|--P. quoyi HS01
`--P. stangeri (Gray 1843) (see below for synonymy) F27a
Axymene F27a
Comptella Finlay 1927 F27a
|--*C. curta (Murdoch 1905) RA75 [=Trophon (Kalydon) curtus F27a]
|--C. coronata Dell 1956 P61
`--C. devia (Suter 1908) [=Mangilia devia] F27a
Terefundus F27a
Vesanula Finlay 1926 F27a
|--*V. chaskanon (Finlay 1926) [=Trophon chaskanon] RA75
|--V. maorum (M. & M. 1923) [=Columbarium maorum] F27a
|--V. tegens (Hutton 1877) F27a
`--V. vegrandis (M. & M. 1923) [=Pagodula vegrandis] F27a
Hadriania Bucquoy & Dautzenberg 1882 F27c, RA75
|--H. craticuloides Vokes 1964 (see below for synonymy) RA75
`--H. basedowi Cossmann 1903 [=Murex irregularis Tate 1888 non Bellardi 1873] F27c
Urosalpinx Stimpson 1865 O27
`--*U. cinereus (Say 1822) [=Fusus cinereus] RA75
|--U. c. cinereus D88
`--U. c. follyensis Baker 1951 D88
Eupleura Adams & Adams 1853 O27
|--*E. caudata (Say 1822) [=Ranella caudata] RA75
| |--E. c. caudata D88
| `--E. c. etterae Baker 1951 D88
`--E. grippi Dall 1911 O27
Forreria Jousseaume 1880 O27
`--*F. belcheri (Hinds 1844) RA75 [=Murex belcheri RA75, Chorus belcheri O27]
Brocchitas Finlay 1927 DK08
`--*B. exilis (Tate 1888) DK08 (see below for synonymy)
Marchia Jousseaume 1880 BW09, RA75
|--‘Murex’ elongata Lightfoot 1786 [incl. Murex clavus Kiener 1843, *Marchia clava] RA75
`--M. martinetana (Röding 1798) BW09
Muricodrupa Iredale 1918 BW09, RA75
|--‘Murex’ funiculus Wood 1828 [incl. Purpura fenestrata Blainville 1832, *Muricodrupa fenestrata] RA75
|--M. jacobsoni Emerson & D’Attilio 1981 BC01
`--M. stellaris (Hombron & Jacquinot 1853) BW09
Pascula Dall 1908 BW09, RA75
|--*P. citrica (Dall 1908) [=Trophon (*Pascula) citricus] RA75
`--P. ochrostoma (Blainville 1832) BW09
Pseudosalpinx Olsson, Harbison et al. 1953 RA75
`--*P. floridana (Conrad 1837) RA75 [=Urosalpinx floridana O27; incl. Murex ostrearum Conrad 1846 RA75]
Rugotyphis Vella 1961 RA75
`--*R. francescae (Finlay 1924) RA75 [=Typhis francescae F27a]
Pagodula Monterosato 1884 MG-H11, RA75
|--*P. vaginata (Cristofori & Jan 1832) [=Murex vaginata] RA75
`--P. carduelis (Watson 1886) MG-H11
Bizetiella Radwin & D’Attilio 1972 BC01, RA75
|--*B. carmen (Lowe 1935) [=Tritonalia carmen] RA75
`--B. shaskyi Radwin & D’Attilio 1972 BC01
Calotrophon Hertlein & Strong 1951 BC01, RA75
|--‘Tritonalia’ turrita Dall 1919 [incl. *Calotrophon bristolae Hertlein & Strong 1951] RA75
`--C. andrewsi Vokes 1976 BC01
Distichotyphis Keen & Campbell 1964 BC01, RA75
`--*D. vemae Keen & Campbell 1964 RA75
Haustellotyphis Jousseaume 1880 BC01, RA75
|--*H. cumingi (Broderip 1833) [=Typhis cumingi] RA75
`--H. wendita Hertz 1995 BC01
Ocinebrina Jousseaume 1880 BC01, RA75 (see below for synonymy)
|--O. aciculata (Lamarck 1822) (see below for synonymy) RA75
`--O. adansoni Kosuge & Fernandes 1989 BC01
Poirieria Jousseaume 1880 BC01, RA75
| i. s.: P. galapagana (Emerson & D’Attilio 1970) [=Murex galapaganus] BC01
| P. kopua Dell 1956 P61
|--*P. (Poirieria) zelandica (Quoy & Gaimard 1833) [=Murex zelandicus] RA75
|--P. (Panamurex Woodring 1959) BC01, RA75
| |--‘*Panamurex’ gatunensis (Brown & Pilsbry 1911) [=Murex gatunensis] RA75
| `--P. (P.) velero Vokes 1970 BC01
`--P. (Paziella Jousseaume 1880) BC01 [incl. Dallimurex Rehder 1946 RA75]
|--‘*Paziella’ pazi (Crosse 1869) (see below for synonymy) RA75
`--P. (P.) oregonia (Bullis 1964) [=Murex (Poirieria) oregonia] BC01
Pterotyphis Jousseaume 1880 BC01, RA75 [=Perotyphis RA75]
`--*P. pinnatus (Broderip 1833) [=Typhis pinnatus] RA75
Daphnellopsis Schepman 1913 BK11, P66
|--*D. lamellosa Schepman 1913 P66
`--D. murex Hedley 1922 P66
Concepcionella Bandel & Stinnesbeck 2000 BD12
`--*C. bonillana Bandel & Stinnesbeck 2000 BD12
Pterymarchia tripterus (Born 1778) BD12
Haustrum Perry 1811 BR05 [=Lepsia Hutton 1884 RA75; Haustrinae]
|--H. haustorium (Gmelin 1791) P61 (see below for synonymy)
`--H. zealandicum P61
Tripterotyphis Pilsbry & Lowe 1932 [Tripterotyphinae] BR05
|--*T. lowei (Pilsbry 1931) RA75 [=Typhis lowei RA75, Pterotyphis (Tripterotyphis) lowei PP78]
|--T. arcana (DuShane 1969) [=Pterotyphis (Tripterotyphis) arcana] BC01
`--T. fayae (Keen & Campbell 1964) [=Pterotyphis (Tripterotyphis) fayae] BC01
Typhis Montfort 1810 [Typhinae] BR05
| i. s.: T. maccoyi [incl. T. hebetatus] F27a
| T. philippensis Watson 1886 WG71
| T. yatesi Crosse 1865 WG71
| T. zealandica Hutton 1873 F27a
|--*T. (Typhis) tubifer (Bruguière 1792) [=Murex tubifer, Poropteron tubifer] RA75
`--T. (Typhina Jousseaume 1880) BC01
|--T. (*T.) belcheri Broderip 1833 RA75
`--T. (T.) riosi (Bertsch & D’Attilio 1980) [=Typhina riosi] BC01
Muricopsinae DM88
|--Muricopsis BR05
|--Favartia DM88
|--Murexiella BC01
`--Murexsul Iredale 1915 BC01
|--*M. octogonus (Quoy & Gaimard 1832) [=Murex octogonus] RA75
|--M. brazieri Angas 1877 WG71
|--M. cuvierensis Finlay 1927 F27b
|--M. elatensis (Emerson & D’Attilio 1979) (see below for synonymy) BC01
|--M. fimbriatus Lamarck 1822 WG71
|--M. jacquelinae Emerson & D’Attilio 1969 BC01
|--M. mariae Finlay 1930 P61
|--M. prionotus (Tate 1888) DK08
`--M. umbilicatus (Tenison Woods 1875) WG71 [=Trophon umbilicatus F27a]
‘Nassarina’ grayi R77
Attiliosa Emerson 1968 PP78, RA75
|-*A. incompta (Berry 1960) [=Coralliophila incompta] RA75
|--A. aldridgei (Usticke 1969) [=Vasum aldridgei] BC01
`--A. carmen (Lowe 1935) PP78
Typhinellus Jousseaume 1880 P61
|--*T. sowerbii (Broderip 1833) [=Typhis sowerbii, Typhis sowerbiyi (l. c.)] RA75
`--T. pauperis (Mestayer 1916) [=Typhis (Typhinellus) pauperis] P61
Emozamia Iredale 1929 RA75
`--*E. licinus (Hedley & Petterd 1906) [=Murex licinus] RA75
Chathamidea Dell 1956 P61
`--*C. expeditionis Dell 1956 RA75
Maculotriton BW09
|--*M. bracteatus (Hinds 1844) [=Triton bracteata] RA75
|--M. bicolor M54
`--M. serriale (Deshayes 1830) BD12
Bedeva paivae (Crosse 1864) HJ08 [=Trophon paivae RA75, T. (Kalydon) paivae F27a, Xymene paivae F27a; incl. Trophon hanleyi Angas 1867 RA75, *Bedeva hanleyi RA75, Xymene quirindus Iredale 1915 F27a]
Brocchitas exilis (Tate 1888) DK08 [=Fasciolaria exilis F27c, Fusus exilis nec Menke 1843 nec Philippi 1843 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.) F27c, Latirofusus exilis F27c, Streptochetus exilis F27c, S. adelomorphus Cossmann 1901 F27c]
Ceratostoma Hermannsen 1846 AV03, RA75 [=Cerastoma Conrad 1837 non Latreille 1802 RA75, Spinostoma Coen 1943 RA75]
Hadriania craticuloides Vokes 1964 [incl. Murex craticulatus Brocchi 1814 non Linnaeus 1758, *Hadriania craticulata] RA75
Haustellum messorius (Sowerby 1844) BC01 [=Murex messorius V90; incl. M. messorius var. gustaviensis Usticke 1969 BC01]
Haustrum haustorium (Gmelin 1791) P61 [=Buccinum haustorium RA75; incl. B. haustrum Martyn 1788 (nom. inv.) RA75, *Haustrum haustrum RA75, *Lepsia haustrum RA75, Thais haustrum F27a]
Murexsul elatensis (Emerson & D’Attilio 1979) [=Favartia elatensis, Muricopsis (Murexsul) elatensis] BC01
Ocinebrina Jousseaume 1880 BC01, RA75 [incl. Corallinia Buzquoy & Dautzenberg in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus 1882 RA75]
Ocinebrina aciculata (Lamarck 1822) [=Murex aciculatus, *Corallinia aciculata; incl. Fusus corallinus Scacchi 1836, *Ocinebrina corallina] RA75
*Paratrophon cheesemani (Hutton 1882) RA75 [=Polytropa cheesemani RA75, Trophon (Xanthochorus) cheesemani F27a]
Paratrophon stangeri (Gray 1843) [=Trophon rugosus (Quoy & Gaimard 1833) (preoc.), Fusus stangeri, Trophon (Trophon) stangeri; incl. Polytropa retiaria Hutton 1878] F27a
‘*Paziella’ pazi (Crosse 1869) [=Murex pazi; incl. M. nuttingi Dall 1896, *Dallimurex nuttingi] RA75
Vitularia miliaris (Gmelin 1791) WG71 [=Murex miliaris RA75; incl. *Vitularia tuberculata Swainson 1840 RA75, M. vitulina Lamarck 1816 RA75, *Vitulina vitulina RA75]
*Type species of generic name indicated
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