Tetrastichus

Tetrastichus howardi, from here.

Belongs within: Tetrastichinae.

Tetrastichus is a cosmopolitan genus of parasitic wasps, with known hosts including Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and phytophagous Hymenoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Clypeal margin bilobed; scutellum with two pairs of setae, anterior pair removed from front border; submarginal vein with one or 2 dorsal bristles only; propodeum mesad of spiracle with an inverted V-shaped carina, i.e. with plica which behind middle sends off a branch towards the postero-lateral corner, propodeum medially never very short, usually reticulate.

<==Tetrastichus Haliday 1844 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--T. miser [incl. Cirrospilus attalus, *T. attalus] B88
    |--T. aenellus (Girault 1915) [=*Pseudomphaloides aenella, *P. aenellus] B88
    |--T. aethiops A71
    |--T. agrili Crawford 1914 GM79
    |--T. arnoldi (Girault 1913) [=*Ceratoneuromyia arnoldi] B88
    |--T. asparagi A71
    |--T. atriclavus B88
    |--T. autonae (Walker 1839) [=Eulophus autonae] B88
    |--T. brontispae (Ferrière 1933) [=Tetrastichodes brontispae] B88
    |--T. coeruleus (Bingham 1906) [=Microterys coeruleus] B88
    |--T. culex G37
    |--T. ennii Girault 1936 B88
    |--T. fasciatus Ashmead 1894 B88
    |--T. flocci (Ashmead 1887) GM79 [incl. T. californicus Ashmead 1887 G30, GM79]
    |--T. giffardianus Silvestri 1915 B88
    |--T. halidayi B88
    |--T. hippasus (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus hippasus] B88
    |--T. hispidivertex (Girault 1936) [=*Redinia hispidivertex] B88
    |--T. holbeini Girault 1917 G17a
    |--T. howardi (Olliff 1893) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--T. impexus Girault 1917 G17a
    |--T. inferens B88
    |--T. kurandensis (Girault 1913) [=Aprostocetus kurandensis, Neomphaloidella kurandensis] B88
    |--T. laddi Girault 1913 B88
    |--T. longiscaposus Bouček 1988 [=Ceratoneuromyia longiscapus Girault 1913 non T. longiscapus Thomson 1878] B88
    |--T. longiscapus Thomson 1878 B88
    |--T. malacosomae Girault 1917 GM79
    |--T. mandanis A71
    |--T. metallicus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella metallica] B88
    |--T. microcosmus Girault 1917 G17b [=T. granulatus (Ashmead 1888) (preoc.) G17b, GM79]
    |--T. microrhopalae Ashmead 1896 GM79 [incl. T. chlamydis Ashmead 1896 G30, GM79]
    |--T. mittagongensis Girault 1913 B88
    |--T. poincarei Girault 1913 B88
    |--T. productus Ril. 1885 GM79 (see below for synonymy)
    |--T. punctatifacies Girault 1926 B88
    |--T. repulsus Girault 1917 G17a
    |--T. ruskini (Girault 1915) [=Ceratoneuromyia ruskini] B88
    |--T. stylatus (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloides stylatus] B88
    |--T. thanisimi Ashmead 1893 GM79
    `--T. theclae (Pck. 1881) GM79 [incl. T. tibialis (Ashmead 1894) G30, GM79]

Tetrastichus Haliday 1844 (nom. cons.) non Walker 1842 (nom. rej.) [incl. Ceratoneuromyia Girault 1913, Pseudomphaloides Girault 1915, Redinia Girault 1936, Solenoderus] B88

Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff 1893) [=Euplectus (l. c.) howardi, Euplectrus howardi; incl. Tetastichus ayyari Rohwer 1921, Aprostocetus israeli Mani & Kurian 1953] B88

Tetrastichus productus Ril. 1885 GM79 [incl. T. racemariae Ashmead 1886 G30, GM79, T. rosae Ashmead 1886 G30, GM79]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New chalcid flies. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 72-77).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273-277).

[G37] Girault, A. A. 1937. New naturals, unorthodoxies and non-pollutions, viz. new hexapods. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 326-328).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Neotrichoporoides

Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus, photographed by Stephen Thorpe.

Belongs within: Tetrastichinae.

Neotrichoporoides is a genus of wasps found primarily in tropical and subtropical parts of the Old World, with some species found in temperate regions and South America. Larvae are mostly associated with Diptera boring in stiff-stemmed grasses (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body almost always over 1 mm length, rather parallel-sided. Vertex with line of weak sderolisation connecting front margins of all 3 ocelli and lateral ocellus with eye. Malar sulcus widening into triangular fovea below eye, rarely without fovea (e.g. N. emersoni). Antennae fairly long and slender, with 4 anelli; first funicular segment in female more than twice as long as broad, mostly all 3 segments elongate; in male scape with long ventral plaque either along most of scape or its distal half. Thorax long and dorsally rather horizontal, on mesoscutum and scutellum with elongate engraved reticulation, its meshes not very small. Mid lobe of scutum with 1 to 3 rows of adnotaular setae. Submedian grooves of scutellum distinct, parallel, not wide apart; apical (admarginal) groove expanding laterally but not connected with submedian grooves. Propodeum subhorizontal, with median carina and distinct, raised, wide-meshed reticulation. Forewing with marginal vein longer than costal cell, at least 6 times as long as the short oblique stigmal vein; postmarginal vein always rudimental; submarginal vein with several dorsal bristles. One of cercal bristles distinctly longer than others and kinked.

<==Neotrichoporoides Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*N. uniguttatus Girault 1913 [=*Neotrichaporoides uniguttatus; incl. *Tetrastichomorpha flava Girault 1913] B88
    |--N. aeneicorpus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichomorpha aeneicorpus] B88
    |--N. aeneus (Girault 1913) [=*Trichaporoidella aenea; incl. T. decora Girault 1913, Neotrichoporoides decorus] B88
    |--‘Aprostoceroloides’ annapolis Girault 1917 G17
    |--N. bicolor (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichomorpha bicolor] B88
    |--N. dubius (Girault 1913) [=Trichaporoidella dubia] B88
    |--N. elegantus (Girault 1913) [=Trichaporoidella eleganta] B88
    |--N. emersoni (Girault 1915) [=*Epiquadrastichus emersoni] B88
    |--N. flavipronotum Girault 1915 [=Neotrichaporoides flavipronotum] B88
    |--N. frater Girault 1915 [=Neotrichaporoides frater] B88
    |--N. leopardinus [=Ceratoneura leopardina] B88
    |--N. maupassanti (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella maupassanti] B88
    |--N. mediterraneus Graham 1986 B88
    |--N. pallidipes (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epomphaloides pallidipes] B88
    |--N. particolor (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella particolor] B88
    |--N. partiscutellum (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichomorpha partiscutellum] B88
    |--N. pessulus (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella pessulus] B88
    |--N. proserpinensis (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus proserpinensis] B88
    |--N. purpureithorax (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--N. radius (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella radius] B88
    |--N. semiflaviceps (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epomphaloides semiflaviceps] B88
    |--N. speciosus (Girault 1913) [=*Aprostoceroloides speciosus] B88
    |--N. subaeneus (Girault 1913) [=Trichaporoidella subaenea] B88
    `--‘*Burksia’ viridimaculata B88

Neotrichoporoides Girault 1913 [=Neotrichaporoides Girault 1913; incl. Aprostoceroloides Girault 1913, Burksia Fullaway 1955, Epiquadrastichus Girault 1915, Paraprostocetus Girault 1915, Tetrastichomorpha Girault 1913, Trichaporoidella Girault 1913] B88

Neotrichoporoides purpureithorax (Girault 1915) [=*Paraprostocetus purpureithorax, Aprostocetus purpureithoracis Bouček 1988] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. II. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 114-115).

Euplectrus

Larvae of Euplectrus on a noctuid caterpillar, from Entomart.

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Euplectrus is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps developing as gregarius ectoparasites of caterpillars (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Pronotum rather short, dorsally with a fine transverse carina. Scutellum lacking longitudinal grooves, sculpture mostly rather fine or almost smooth. Hind tibia with elongate spurs.

<==Euplectrus Westwood 1832 B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*E. maculiventris B88
    |--E. agaristae Crawford 1911 B88
    |--E. australiensis Ashmead 1900 B88
    |--E. bicolor HB13
    |--E. cairnsenses Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. cariniscutum Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. immargiventris Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. kurandaensis Girautl 1913 B88
    |--E. laphygmae B88
    |--E. leucotrophis Howard 1885 GM79
    |--E. lutheri Girault 1924 B88
    |--E. marginatus Ashmead 1885 GM79
    |--E. melanocephalus Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. migneti Girault 1936 B88 [=Euplectrue (l. c.) migneti G36]
    |--E. pachyscapha Girault 1917 G17a
    |--E. platyhypenae Howard 1885 GM79
    |--E. platypenae Howard 1885 GM79
    |--E. pullipes Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. scotti Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. semimarginatus Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. seminigrifemur Girault 1924 B88
    `--E. xanthocephalus Girault 1913 B88

Euplectrus Westwood 1832 B88 [=Euplectrue (l. c.) G37; incl. Diplectron Dahlbom 1857 B88, Heteroscapus Brèthes 1918 B88, Pachyscapha Howard 1897 B88, Rekabia Cameron 1904 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New chalcid flies. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 72-77).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[G36] Girault, A. A. 1936. Terror-errors; and novitates of Pterygota (or earth realities not state-bound). Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 322-325).

[G37] Girault, A. A. 1937. New naturals, unorthodoxies and non-pollutions, viz. new hexapods. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 326-328).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

Platyplectrus

Platyplectrus sp., from here.

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Platyplectrus is a genus of wasps developing as solitary or gregarious ectoparasites of caterpillars (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Scutellum with sublateral grooves; propodeum with large undivided submedian areas, single median carina behind basal cup; hind tibia with two distinct spurs, the outer shorter than the inner; first tergite of normal size.

<==Platyplectrus Ferrière 1941 [incl. Autoplectrus Gadd 1945, Trichoplectrus Erdös 1951] B88
    |--*P. natadae B88
    |--P. aereiceps (Girault 1915) [=Euplectromorpha aereiceps] B88
    |--P. aligheri (Girault 1923) [=Euplectromorpha aligheri] B88
    |--P. cadaverosus (Girault 1928) [=Euplectromorpha cadaverosa] B88
    |--P. magniventris (Girault 1915) B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--P. nigrifemur (Girault 1913) [=Euplectrus nigrifemur, Euplectromorpha nigrifemur] B88
    |--P. rugulosus (Girault 1928) [=Euplectromorpha rugulosa] B88
    |--P. salomonis (Ferrière 1941) [=Euplectromorpha salomonis] B88
    |--‘Euplectromorpha (*Trichoplectrus)’ szepligetii B88
    |--‘*Autoplectrus’ taprobanes B88
    |--P. variegatus (Girault 1915) [=Euplectromorpha variegata] B88
    `--P. variicolor (Dodd 1917) [=Euplectromorpha variicolor] B88

Platyplectrus magniventris (Girault 1915) B88 [=Euplectromorpha magniventris B88, E. margiventris (l. c.) G33; incl. E. magniventris chinderaensis Girault 1915 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G33] Girault, A. A. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299-303).

Cirrospilus

Female Cirrospilus vittatus, from HymIS.

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Cirrospilus is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps developing as parasites or hyperparasites of leaf-miners, small sheltered larvae, pupae or eggs, often developing in galls on leaves of various plants (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body mostly with yellow pattern or if thorax completely dark then propodeum distinctly reticulate; male scape rarely enlarged; mesothorax dorsally often raised-reticulate; notaular grooves posteriorly almost straight, ending at inner angles of moderately advanced axillae, i.e. close to scutellar margin; scutellum with submedian and sublateral grooves, hind pair of scutellar bristles close to hind margin of scutellum; postmarginal vein hardly ever longer than stigmal vein; petiole very short.

<==Cirrospilus Westwood 1832 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*C. elegantissimus Westwood 1832 B88
    |--C. aeneipropodeum (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella aeneipropodeum] B88
    |--C. aeneus (Girault 1929) [=Gyrolasella aenea] B88
    |--C. aereiguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella aereiguttata] B88
    |--C. arnoldi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma arnoldi] B88
    |--C. atoposomoides (Girault 1915) [=Atoposoma atoposomoides] B88
    |--C. atripropodeum (Girault 1926) [=Pseudiglyphomyia atripropodeum] B88
    |--C. bifasciatifrons (Girault 1916) [=Gyrolasella bifasciatifrons] B88
    |--C. biguttatus (Girault 1913) [=*Pseudiglyphomyia biguttata] B88
    |--C. bioculativentris (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella bioculativentris] B88
    |--C. bracteatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella bracteata] B88
    |--C. carinatus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudiglyphomyia carinatus] B88
    |--C. channingi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma channingi] B88
    |--C. channingianus Bouček 1988 [=Gyrolasella channingi Girault 1913 non Atoposoma channingi Girault 1913] B88
    |--C. coachellae MH11
    |--‘Pseudiglyphomyia’ columbia Girault 1917 G17b
    |--C. consobrinus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella consobrinus] B88
    |--C. coptodiscae (Girault 1916) GM79
    |--C. diallus B88
    |--C. duplolineatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella duplolineata] B88
    |--C. electus Bouček 1988 [=Gyrolasella elegantissima Girault 1913 non C. elegantissimus Westwood 1832] B88
    |--C. fasciatus (Girault 1913) [=*Gyrolasella fasciata] B88
    |--C. festivus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella festiva] B88
    |--C. flavitibia (Girault 1929) [=*Austrolynx flavitibia] B88
    |--C. fuscus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudiglyphomyia fusca, Cirrospilopsis fuscus] B88
    |--C. gemma (Girault 1916) [=Gyrolasella gemma] B88
    |--C. gracilis (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella gracilis] B88
    |--C. gregi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma gregi] B88
    |--C. grotiusi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma grotiusi] B88
    |--C. hopkinsi (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella hopkinsi] B88
    |--C. immaculativentris (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella immaculativentris] B88
    |--C. iphigenia (Girault 1939) [=Gyrolasella iphigenia; incl. G. iphigenia var. hyacinthus Girault 1939] B88
    |--C. lanei (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma lanei] B88
    |--C. lateroguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella lateroguttata] B88
    |--C. lineatus (Förster 1841) B88
    |--C. margiscutellum (Girault 1939) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. marilandi Girault 1917 G17a
    |--C. mazzinini (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma mazzinini] B88
    |--C. miriguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella miriguttata] B88
    |--C. mirilineatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella mirilineata] B88
    |--C. multipunctum (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella multipunctum] B88
    |--C. nigriscutum (Girault 1915) [=Pseudiglyphomyia nigriscutum] B88
    |--‘Pseudiglyphomyia’ nigrivariegata Girault 1917 G17b
    |--‘*Cirrospilopsis’ nigrivariegatus non Pseudiglyphomyia nigrivariegata Girault 1917 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. occidentalis (Girault 1915) [=Pseudiglyphomyia occidentalis] B88
    |--C. occipitis Girault 1928 B88
    |--‘*Atoposomoidea’ ogimae B88
    |--C. pacis Bouček 1988 [=Gyrolasella pax Girault 1913 non Achrysocharelloidea pax Girault 1913] B88
    |--C. particolor (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella particolor] B88
    |--C. pax (Girault 1913) [=*Achrysocharelloidea pax] B88
    |--C. pulchellus Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. pulcher Masi 1911 B88
    |--C. pulcheria Girault 1917 G17b
    |--‘Gyrolasella pulchra’ Girault 1913 non Cirrospilus pulcher Masi 1911 B88
    |--C. quadrifasciatus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella quadrifasciata, Pseudiglyphomyia quadrifasciata] B88
    |--C. quadristriatus (Subba Rao & Ramamani 1966) [=Scotolinx quadristriata] B88
    |--C. rarifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella rarifasciatus] B88
    |--C. rhadius Walker 1839 (n. d.) B88
    |--C. ruskini (Girault 1916) [=Gyrolasella ruskini] B88
    |--C. rusticus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudiglyphomyia rusticus] B88
    |--C. saintpierrei (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma saintpierrei] B88
    |--C. silvae (Girault 1916) [=Pseudiglyphomyia silvae] B88
    |--C. speciosissimus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella speciosissimus] B88
    |--C. speciosus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella speciosa] B88
    |--C. tau (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. trilongilineatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella trilongilineata] B88
    |--C. unguttatipes (Girault 1915) [=Atoposoma unguttatipes] B88
    |--C. variegatus (Masi 1907) [=*Atoposoma variegatum, Zagrammosoma variegatum] B88
    |--C. varifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Cirrospilomella varifasciata] B88
    |--C. viridilineatus (Froggatt 1905) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. viridipronotum (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella viridipronotum] B88
    |--C. vittatus [incl. Zagrammosoma nigrolineatum] B88
    |--C. worcesteri (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella worcesteri] B88
    `--C. zolai (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma zolai] B88

‘*Cirrospilopsis’ nigrivariegatus non Pseudiglyphomyia nigrivariegata Girault 1917 [=*Giraultia nigrivariegata] B88

Cirrospilus Westwood 1832 [incl. Achrysocharelloidea Girault 1913, Atoposoma Masi 1907, Atoposomoidea Howard 1910, Austrolynx Girault 1929, Cirrospilopsis Girault 1915 non Brethes 1913, Giraultia Gahan & Fagan 1923, Gyrolasella Girault 1913, Parzagrammosoma Girault 1916, Plesiospilus] B88

Cirrospilus margiscutellum (Girault 1939) [=Gyrolasella margiscutellum; incl. G. trifasciatifrons Girault 1939, Cirrospilus trifasciatifrons] B88

Cirrospilus pulchellus Bouček 1988 [=Zagrammosoma pulchra Girault 1913 nec Cirrospilus pulcher Masi 1911 nec Gyrolasella pulchra Girault 1913, *Parzagrammosoma pulchra] B88

Cirrospilus tau (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella tau; incl. G. lineata Girault 1913 non Cirrospilus lineatus (Förster 1841)] B88

Cirrospilus viridilineatus (Froggatt 1905) [=Coelocyba viridilineata, Gyrolasella viridilineata; incl. *Cirrospilomella fasciata Girault 1913, Cirrospiloidelleus fasciativentris Girault 1913] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Elachertus

Elachertus sp., from here.

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Elachertus is a diverse and cosmopolitan genus of wasps developing as endo- or ectoparasites of small caterpillars. Members of Elachertus may have either a petiolate or sessile gaster, and the funicle may be 4- or 5-segmented; in general, they lack raised reticulation on the mesoscutum (Bouček 1988).

<==Elachertus Spinola 1811 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*E. lateralis [=Diplolepis lateralis] B88
    |--‘Elachistus’ aeneoniger Girault 1917 G17
    |--E. agonoxenae Kerrich 1961 B88
    |--E. auripes (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--E. australis (Girault 1913) [=*Parentedon australis] B88
    |--‘Elachistus’ cacoeciae Howard 1885 GM79
    |--E. cicatricosus (Girault 1915) [=*Euplectromorphella cicatricosa] B88
    |--‘Elachistus’ cidariae Ashmead 1898 GM79 [=*Epardalus cidariae G17]
    |--E. decemdentatus (Girault 1915) [=Ardaloides decemdentatus] B88
    |--E. delirus (Girault 1913) [=*Diglyphomorphella delira] B88
    |--E. edisoni (Girault 1915) [=Alophomorphella edisoni] B88
    |--E. europs (Walker 1839) [=Pteromalus europs] B88
    |--‘Elachistus’ evetriae Girault 1917 G17
    |--E. fraterculus (Girault 1915) [=Parentedon fraterculus] B88
    |--E. geniculatus B88
    |--E. idomene Walker 1846 (n. d.) [=Elachestus idomene] B88
    |--E. inventrix (Girault 1915) [=Pseudelacherteus inventrix] B88
    |--‘Elachistus’ johansenni Crawford 1912 GM79 [=Parentedon johansenni G17]
    |--E. lateralis [incl. E. artaeus] B88
    |--‘Epardalus’ louisiana Girault 1917 G17
    |--E. marmoraticeps (Girault 1926) [=Sympiesomorphelleus marmoraticeps] B88
    |--‘Parentedon’ multidentatus Girault 1917 G17
    |--E. nigrithorax (Girault 1913) [=*Pseudelacherteus nigrithorax] B88
    |--E. niveicornis (Girault 1915) [=Pseudelacherteus niveicornis] B88
    |--E. olivaceus A71
    |--E. paucifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Sympiesomorphelleus paucifasciatus] B88
    |--E. scutellatus [incl. *Ardalus aciculatus] B88
    |--E. silvensis (Girault 1913) [=Pseudelacherteus silvensis] B88
    |--E. similis (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Parentedon similis] B88
    |--E. simithorax (Girault 1915) [=*Ardaloides simithorax] B88
    |--E. sobrinus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Parentedon sobrinus] B88
    |--E. suttneri (Girault 1913) [=*Sympiesomorphelleus suttneri] B88
    `--E. thoreauini (Girault 1915) [=Sympiesomorphelleus thoreauini] B88

Elachertus Spinola 1811 [=Elachestus Nees 1834, Elachistus Förster 1856; incl. Ardaloides Girault 1915, Ardalus Howard 1897, Diglyphomorphella Girault 1913, Epardalus Girault 1916, Euplectromorphella Girault 1915, Parentedon Girault 1913, Peteenus Erdös 1961, Proardalus Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915, Pseudelacherteus Girault 1913, Sympiesomorphelleus Girault 1913] B88

Elachertus auripes (Girault 1913) [=Pseudelacherteus auripes; incl. *Proardalus nigricaput Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Eulophinusia

Female antenna, thorax and gaster of Eulophinusia cydippe, from Bouček (1988).

Belongs within: Eulophini.

Eulophinusia is a genus of parasitic wasps found in Australia; where known, hosts are small moths.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body length up to 1.5 mm, dorsal thorax and face often with yellow pattern; antennae in both sexes simple, short, flagellum not distinctly clavate, funicular segments 2 to 4 transverse; notauli incomplete; scutellum without sublateral grooves, bare except for 4 setae, often broader than long, axillae wide apart, narrow and strongly advanced; gaster dorsally collapsing.

Eulophinusia Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*E. cydippe Girault 1913 [=Grotiusella cydippe] B88
    |--E. argentifasciata (Girault 1915) [=Grotiusella argentifasciata] B88
    |--E. auritibiae (Girault 1925) [=Grotiusella auritibiae] B88
    |--E. cavendishi (Girault 1915) [=Grotiusella cavendishi] B88
    |--E. circumjecta (Girault 1913) [=*Elachertonecremnus circumjectus] B88
    |--E. dei (Girault 1922) [=Babinda dei] B88
    |--E. eja (Girault 1921) [=Grotiusella eja] B88
    |--E. facies (Girault 1915) [=Grotiusella facies] B88
    |--E. fasciatifrons (Girault 1913) [=*Grotiusella fasciatifrons] B88
    |--E. hyatti (Girault 1915) [=Grotiusella hyatti] B88
    |--E. multiguttata (Girault 1915) [=Grotiusella multiguttata] B88
    |--E. murrariensis (Girault 1922) [=*Babinda murrariensis] B88
    |--E. pearsoni (Girault 1915) [=Grotiusella pearsoni] B88
    |--E. sannio (Girault 1913) [=Diglyphomorphella sannio] B88
    |--E. spenceri (Girault 1913) [=*Alophomopsis spenceri] B88
    |--E. thoreauini (Girault 1915) [=Grotiusella thoreauini] B88
    `--E. variguttata (Girault 1916) [=Grotiusella variguttata] B88

Eulophinusia Girault 1913 [incl. Alophomopsis Girault 1913, Babinda Girault 1922, Elachertonecremnus Girault 1913, Grotiusella Girault 1913] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

Entedoninae

Chrysocharis sp., from here.

Belongs within: Eulophidae.
Contains: Pleurotroppopsis, Apleurotropis, Omphale, Pediobius, Chrysonotomyia, Pseudomphale, Closterocerus, Entedon.

The Entedoninae are a group of eulophid wasps characterised by the presence of only a single pair of bristles on the scutellum, and a generally tapering submarginal vein on the forewing with a reduced number of bristles that does not usually smoothly connect to the parastigma (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Frontal grooves usually of an X-shape; notaular grooves modified (not simply groove-like); scutellum usually with only one pair of setae, paired grooves absent; propodeum with simple spiracle placed near to metanotal margin and surrounded at least anteriorly by a groove, postero-lateral corners reduced, often blunt, so that metapleuron is partly visible dorsally. Forewing with submarginal vein usually tapering distally, broken off the broad base the of parastigma, bearing usually only 2 dorsal bristles; stigmal vein mostly very short, postmarginal vein frequently short though mostly distinct, only rarely absent.

Entedoninae [Entedonidae, Entedonoidae, Entedontinae] B88
    |--Platytetracampe Girault 1915 [Platytetracampini] B88
    |    `--*P. funiculus Girault 1915 B88
    `--Entedonini
         |  i. s.: Pleurotroppopsis B88
         |         Apleurotropis B88
         |         Omphale B88
         |         Pediobius B88
         |         Chrysonotomyia B88
         |         Mestocharis bimacularis B88, A71
         |         Pomphale B88
         |         Parahorismenus Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--*P. spissipunctatus Girault 1915 B88
         |         Goetheana Girault 1920 [incl. Dasyscapus Gahan 1927] B88
         |           `--*G. shakespearei Girault 1920 (see below for synonymy) B88
         |         Zaommomentedon Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--*Z. mandibularis Girault 1915 B88
         |         Parzaommomyia Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--*P. tenuicorpus Girault 1915 B88
         |         Horismenoides Girault 1913 B88
         |           `--*H. sulfureiventris Girault 1913 B88
         |         Davincia Girault 1924 B88
         |           `--*D. arboris Girault 1924 B88
         |         Pleurotropopseus Girault 1913 B88
         |           `--*P. purpureus Girault 1913 [=P. purpurea] B88
         |         Encyrtomphale Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--*E. parvulicorpus Girault 1915 B88
         |         Pediobomyia Girault 1913 B88
         |           `--*P. darwini Girault 1913 B88
         |         Rhynchentedon Girault 1919 B88
         |           `--*R. maximus Girault 1919 B88
         |         Omphalentedon Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--*O. longus Girault 1915 B88
         |         Piekna Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--*P. nitens Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Epichrysoatomus Girault 1916 B88
         |           `--*E. unfasciatipennis Girault 1916 B88
         |         Derostenoides Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--*D. neglectus Girault 1915 B88
         |         Obesulus Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--*O. ater Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Hispinocharis Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--*H. orientalis (Ferrière 1933) [=Achrysocharella orientalis] B88
         |         Clypomphale Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--*C. biloba Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Baeoentedon Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--*B. peculicornis Girault 1915 B88
         |         Ladna Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--*L. picta Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Monteithius Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--*M. varius Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Holcopelte Förster 1856 B88
         |           |--*H. obscura [=Elachertus obscurus] B88
         |           `--H. montana Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Kratoysma Bouček 1965 B88
         |           |--*K. usticrus [=Derostenus usticrus] B88
         |           `--K. citri Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Pediocharis Bouček 1988 B88
         |           |--*P. albipes Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--P. malaris Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Exodontomphale Bouček 1984 B88
         |           |--*E. taborskyi B88
         |           `--E. rieki Bouček 1988 B88
         |         Teleopterus Silvestri 1914 B88
         |           |--*T. notandus B88
         |           `--T. atripes (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis atripes] B88
         |         Pediobopsis Girault 1913 B88
         |           |--*P. spenceri Girault 1913 B88
         |           `--P. pellucidula [=Pediobius pellucidulus] B88
         |         Thripobius Ferrière 1938 B88
         |           |--*T. hirticornis B88
         |           `--T. semiluteus Bouček 1976 B88
         |         Horismenus B88
         |           |--H. floridanum (Ashmead 1888) GM79 [incl. H. microgaster (Ashmead 1888) (preoc.) G34, GM79]
         |           `--H. popenoei (Ashmead 1888) GM79 [incl. H. missouriensis (Ashmead 1888) G34, GM79]
         |         Asecodes Förster 1856 B88
         |           |--A. coronis [incl. *A. fuscipes] B88
         |           |--A. hispinarum Bouček 1988 B88
         |           `--A. mento MB93
         |         Entedonastichus Girault 1920 [incl. Pirenoidea Girault 1922, Thripoctenoides Erdös 1954] B88
         |           |--*E. mirus Girault 1920 B88
         |           |--E. carbonarius (Erdös 1954) [=*Thripoctenoides carbonarius] B88
         |           |--E. dei (Girault 1922) [=*Pirenoidea dei] B88
         |           |--E. gaussi [=Thripoctenoides gaussi] B88
         |           `--E. kaulbarsi B88
         |         Zaommomyiella Girault 1913 B88
         |           |--*Z. oculata (Girault 1913) [=Zaommomyia oculata] B88
         |           |--Z. abnormis Girault 1913 B88
         |           |--Z. persimilis Girault 1915 B88
         |           |--Z. saintpierrei Girault 1913 B88
         |           |--Z. sol Girault 1915 B88
         |           `--Z. tintinnabulum Girault 1915 B88
         |         Achrysocharoides Girault 1913 [incl. Enaysma Delucchi 1954, Neoderostenus Girault 1913] B88
         |           |--*A. sarcophagus (Girault 1913) [=Chrysocharis sarcophagus, C. sarcophaga] B88
         |           |--A. australiensis (Girault 1913) [=*Neoderostenus australiensis] B88
         |           |--A. bipunctatus (Girault 1916) GM79
         |           |--A. latreillii (Curtis 1826) [=Eulophus latreillii, Enaysma latreillei] B88
         |           |--A. guizoti Girault 1917 G17b
         |           |--A. splendens (Delucchi 1954) [=Enaysma splendens] B88
         |           `--‘*Enaysma’ zwoelferi B88
         |         Ceranisus Walker 1842 (see below for synonymy) B88
         |           |--*C. pacuvius B88
         |           |--‘*Epomphale’ auriventris B88
         |           |--‘Epomphale’ javae Girault 1917 G17a
         |           |--C. margiscutum (Girault 1915) [=*Entedonomphale margiscutum; incl. E. stalini Girault 1934] B88
         |           |--C. menes (Walker 1839) B88 (see below for synonymy)
         |           |--‘Thripoctenus’ nubilipennis Williams 1916 GM79 [=*Cryptomphale nubilipennis B88]
         |           `--‘*Thripoctenus’ russelli B88
         |         Pseudomphale G24
         |--Closterocerus MH11
         `--+--+--Entedon MH11
            |  `--Chrysocharis Forster 1856 MH11, B88
            |       |--C. pubicornis (Zetterstedt 1838) [=Entedon pubicornis; incl. *C. femoralis] B88
            |       |--C. amylte MH11
            |       `--C. gemma A71
            `--+--+--Neopomphale MH11
               |  `--Euderomphale chelidonii HB13
               `--+--Entedononecremnus krauteri MH11
                  `--Dasyomphale chilensis MH11

Ceranisus Walker 1842 [incl. Cryptomphale Girault 1917, Entedonomphale Girault 1915, Epomphale Girault 1915, Thripoctenus Crawford 1911] B88

Ceranisus menes (Walker 1839) B88 [=Pteroptrix menes B88; incl. *Epomphale auriventris Girault 1915 B88, Thripoctenus brui MM96, E. rubensteina Girault 1934 B88]

*Goetheana shakespearei Girault 1920 [incl. *Dasyscapus parvipennis Gahan 1927, D. thripsivorus Narayanan, Subba Rao & Ramachandra Rao 1962] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New Javanese Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 59-71).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G34] Girault, A. A. 1934. Miridae et Hymenoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 308-310).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MB93] Malecki, R. A., B. Blossey, S. D. Hight, D. Schroeder, L. T. Kok & J. R. Coulson. 1993. Biological control of purple loosestrife. BioScience 43 (10): 680-686.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Diaulomorpha

Body of female Diaulomorpha itea, from Bouček (1988).

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Diaulomorpha is a genus of parasitoid wasps known from Australasia and South America. Known hosts include tenthredinid leaf-miners and small caterpillars (Bouček 1988).

See also: The life and times of Diaulomorpha.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Antennae inserted slightly above lower ocular line; flagellum filiform, rather broad in both sexes, segments often tending to be laterally compressed, male antenna not branched; funicle 3- or 4-segmented in females, 4-segmented in males; sensilla and hairs rather fine. Thorax rather weakly vaulted; pronotum usually rather short; mesoscutum, scutellum and axillae bearing regular and conspicuous reticulation, finer on scutellum and axillae than on mesoscutum; notauli weak but usually complete notauli; axillae strongly advanced; scutellum with distinct sublateral grooves; scutellum and axillae bearing fine but conspicuous reticulation; propodeum with a strong median carina forming a distinct T-shape with the raised anterior margin of the sclerite, and submedian convexities reachind hind margin of spiracle. Wings always fully developed. Gaster sessile, more or less broadly lanceolate, collapsing dorsally.

<==Diaulomorpha Ashmead 1900 [incl. Alophomorpha Girault 1913, Diaulomyia Girault 1913] B88
    |--*D. australiensis Ashmead 1900 B88
    |--D. aeneiscapus (Girault 1926) [=Diglyphomorphella aeneiscapus] B88
    |--D. arboris (Girault 1924) [=Diaulomyia arboris] B88
    |--D. asperitergum (Girault 1915) [=Alophomorphella asperitergum] B88
    |--D. chinchillae (Girault 1933) [=Diaulomyiia (l. c. for Diaulomyia) chinchillae] B88
    |--D. cicutta (Walker 1839) [=Eulophus cicutta] B88
    |--D. floris (Girault 1922) [=Diaulomyia floris] B88
    |--D. itea (Walker 1839) [=Eulophus itea] B88
    |--D. maculatipennis (Girault 1913) [=*Diaulomyia maculatipennis] B88
    |--D. nigroaenea (Girault 1929) [=Diaulomyiia (l. c. for Diaulomyia) nigroaenea] B88
    |--D. niveipes (Girault 1915) [=Alophomorphella niveipes] B88
    |--D. pulchra (Girault 1913) [=*Alophomorpha pulchra] B88
    `--D. telestas (Walker 1839) [=Eulophus telestas] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

Pleurotroppopsis

Pleurotroppopsis lankensis, from CSIRO.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Pleurotroppopsis is a genus of wasps, found in Africa, southern Asia and Australasia, that paratise leaf-mining larvae of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Pronotum with conspicuous collar edge or carina; scutellum with distinct sublateral grooves, conspicuous at least in anterior half, without distinct median groove; pilosity of scutellum reduced to single pair of bristles in posterior quarter; propodeum with median carina and subparallel plicae.

<==Pleurotroppopsis Girault 1913 [incl. Cotterellia Waterston 1925] B88
    |--*P. maculatipennis Girault 1913 B88
    |--P. hirta [=Cotterellia hirta] B88
    |--P. japonica [=Cotterellia japonica] B88
    |--P. javana [=Cotterellia javana] B88
    |--P. kumatai [=Cotterellia kumatai] B88
    |--P. lankensis [=Cotterellia lankensis] B88
    |--P. nitifrons [=Cotterellia nitifrons] B88
    |--P. pilosa [=Cotterellia pilosa] B88
    |--P. podagrica [=*Cotterellia podagrica] B88
    |--P. sasae [=Cotterellia sasae] B88
    `--P. tischeriae [=Cotterellia tischeriae] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

Entedon

Female Entedon, from here.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Entedon is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps that are mostly parasites of beetle larvae burrowing in plant stems or galls (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Head and thorax strongly sclerotised, conspicuously reticulate, pilosity reduced to very few setae; these are conspicuous, strong, but only 2 pairs of them on mid lobe of mesoscutum. Antennae relatively short, in both sexes the flagellum with only one anellus and 5 conspicuous segments, the terminal 2 often, especially in all females, closely united into clava. Tentorial pits not distinct; clypeus transverse, often broad, its lower margin often more or less produced and almost always margined by a shallow groove. Upper margin of occiput forming a rectangular edge which is often sharply carinate. Pronotum medially reduced, non-carinate, but laterally forming a bristle-bearing subconical projection. Notauli not well defined in posterior half, axillae not distinctly advanced. Scutellum convex, without any grooves, also at apex without admarginal groove (occasionally a median groove is suggested anteriorly by finer meshes of sculpture). Propodeum with distinct median carina set in a groove-like depression, the submedian areas convex, mostly smooth, rarely reticulate; spiracle on an elevated area which bears a lateral subconical projection behind the spiracle, elevation is delimited laterally and anteriorly by a deep curving groove which may continue inside by a depression where normally a plica would be; the depression is posteriorly connected by a grooved supracoxal flange with the groove outside of the median carina. Female gaster often sessile or shortly petiolate, in males the petiole is distinctly longer, often distinctly elongate.

<==Entedon Dahlman 1820 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*E. cyanellus B88
    |--E. aereiscapus (Girault 1927) [=Entedonella aereiscapus] B88
    |--E. albigenu (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Pelorotelopsella albigenu] B88
    |--E. australiansis (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--E. columbiana Ashmead 1888 GM79 (see below for synonymy)
    |--E. diastatae (Howard 1881) GM79 [incl. Achrysocharis punctiventris Crawford 1912 G34, GM79]
    |--E. ergias A71
    |--E. excelsus (Girault 1913) [=*Uracrias excelsus] B88
    |--E. genu (Girault 1913) [=*Pelorotelopsella genu] B88
    |--E. laticeps (Dodd 1917) [=*Acanthentedon laticeps] B88
    |--E. magnificus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1913) [=*Entedonella magnifica; incl. Metacrias clara Girault 1929] B88
    |--E. methion Walker 1839 B88
    |--E. occidentalis Girault 1916 GM79
    |--E. rex (Girault 1929) [=Pelorotelopsella rex] B88
    |--E. secundus (Girault 1913) [=Metacrias secundus] B88
    |--E. sylvestris HB13
    |--E. victoriensis (Girault 1928) [=Metacrias victoriensis] B88
    |--E. washingtoni Girault 1917 GM79
    `--E. zanara MH11

Entedon Dahlman 1820 [incl. Acanthentedon Dodd 1917, Entedonella Girault 1913, Metacrias Girault 1913 non Meyrick 1886, Metacriasinus Ghesquière 1946, Pelorotelopsella Girault 1913, Uracrias Girault 1913] B88

Entedon australiansis (Girault 1913) [=*Metacrias australiansis, Metacrias australiensis, *Metacriasinus australiansis, Pelorotelopsella australiansis] B88

Entedon columbiana Ashmead 1888 GM79 [incl. E. bigeloviae Ashmead 1894 G22, GM79, E. robustus (Crawford 1907) G22, GM79]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G22] Girault, A. A. 1922. The North American species of Emersonella and Entedon with excuses, etc. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 165).

[G34] Girault, A. A. 1934. Miridae et Hymenoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 308-310).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Omphale

Female Omphale, photographed by Charley Eiseman.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Omphale is a diverse cosmopolitan genus of wasps that develop as endoparasites of larvae of Cecidomyiidae gall midges (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body varying from yellow to dark brown, rarely black; usually with faint metallic tint. Head mostly strongly collapsmg, especially face. Vertex posteriorly not carinate; eyes of medium size, eye pilosity very sparse, often indistinct. Frons with furcal grooves usually very widely diverging, scrobal grooves mostly not meeting each other, often with a membraneous area between their furcal tips and ventrally usually extending slightly below mesal margin of toruli. Lower face often with a cross-ridge or carina which may run through or slightly above upper clypeal margin. Clypeus subtriangular, trapezoidal, transverse-oval or subrectangular, shiny, even if sides of lower face are rugose-reticulate; lower clypeal margin sometimes straight, often arcuately produced, at least in one species produced margin moderately stout. Mouth of varying size but mostly broad; mandibles convex, at apex mostly with 3 teeth, lower edge in smooth arch, upper edge often with additional small but sharp teeth. Antennae weak, tapering distad; bristly, with rather sparse thin but fairly long setae in basal whorls on flagellar segments; funicle usually 3-segmented, rarely 2-segmented, if third segment is more closely applied to clava; flagellum more bristly and longer in males. Thorax shiny, smooth or alutaceous, i.e. with finely engraved reticulation the meshes of which may be lengthened in various directions. Pronotum strongly reduced, barely showing dorsally. Mesoscutum with weak notauli, these anteriorly linear and turned laterad, in posterior two-thirds replaced by expanding shallow depressions; mid lobe with two pairs of thin setae. Scutellum without grooves, mostly rounded, or slightly elongate, subpentagonal. Dorsellum narrow but distinct. Propodeum mainly smooth, not steep, slightly convex transversely, without broad supracoxal flange, often with a basal groove (along anterior margin); petiolar foramen at least one-third of propodeal breadth, often subtriangular. Metapleuron showing dorsally. Legs slender. Wings slender and with long setae, especially on marginal vein; fringe long; below marginal vein sparse pilosity which makes more conspicuous a row of long setae on ventral surface on or partly along the vein; postmarginal vein rarely shorter than the stigmal, varying to fully twice as long as the stigmal; latter short and mostly subclavate, often with a hairline. Gaster sessile, usually oval to long-lanceolate, rarely short, sparsely pilose, collapsing (not only dorsally). The longer the gaster (female) the shorter the propodeum medially.

<==Omphale Haliday 1833 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*O. salicis B88
    |--O. bicolorithorax (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia bicolorithorax] B88
    |--O. carlylei (Girault 1913) [=*Euderomyia carlylei] B88
    |--O. cyaneicorpus (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia cyaneicorpus] B88
    |--O. diocles (Walker 1839) [=Entedon (Omphale) diocles] B88
    |--O. doddi (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia doddi] B88
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ elegantissima Girault 1917 G17a
    |--O. elongata (Girault 1915) [=*Chrysocharomyia elongata] B88
    |--O. flavicorpus (Girault 1915) [=*Paromphale flavicorpus] B88
    |--O. inaerea (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia inaerea] B88
    |--O. mandibularis (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharocharomyia mandibularis] B88
    |--O. multidentata (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharomyia multidentata] B88
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ occidentalis Girault 1916 GM79
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ omari Girault 1917 G17b
    |--O. pronapis (Walker 1839) [=Entedon pronapis] B88
    |--O. pulchella (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharoides pulchellus] B88
    |--O. quinquefasciata (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella quinquefasciata] B88
    |--O. semiflavifrons (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharella semiflavifrons] B88
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ splendidissima Girault 1917 G17a
    |--O. sulcatiscutum (Girault 1924) [=*Raphaelonia sulcatiscutum] B88
    `--O. varinotata (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia varinotata] B88

Omphale Haliday 1833 [incl. Chrysocharomyia Dodd in Girault 1915, Euderomyia Girault 1913, Paromphale Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915, Raphaelonia Girault 1924, Secodes Förster 1856, Smaragdites Westwood 1833] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Apleurotropis

Apleurotropis sp., from here.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Apleurotropis is a genus of wasps found in Africa and Australasia, parasitising leaf-mining insects of a range of orders (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Shiny, with extensively whitish or pale yellow legs, often including the pyriform and shiny gastral petiole. Occipital margin usually with a blunt dorsal edge, frons in front of median ocellus with a deep broad pit continuing forwards in a shallower longitudinal depression or groove ending at a frontal transverse ridge. Mesoscutum with a shortened median groove, the mid lobe with one pair of setae, the second pair being placed in the triangular nolaular depressions. Sculellum always engraved-reticulate, without grooves, the two setae removed from the hind margin. Propodeum with convex and shiny submedian areas separated by a distinct median carina, this anteriorly usually forked or abruptly ending at a deep pit, and with distinct plicae extendmg posteriorly onto the supracoxal flange where they cross the smooth deep groove which delimits the flange.

<==Apleurotropis Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*A. viridis Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. aeneoscutellum (Girault 1915) [=Pleurotropomyia aeneoscutellum] B88
    |--A. albipes (Girault 1913) [=*Apleurotropopseus albipes] B88
    |--A. claviviridis (Girault 1915) [=*Horismenella claviviridis] B88
    |--A. dorothea Girault 1935 B88
    |--A. grotiusi (Girault 1913) [=*Pleurotropomyia grotiusi] B88
    |--A. lacteicoxa (Girault 1915) [=Pleurotropomyia lacteicoxa] B88
    |--A. lalori Girault 1938 [incl. Cotterellia insularis Kerrich 1974, A. insularis] B88
    |--A. lamellata [=Chrysocharis lamellata, Cotterellia lamellata] B88
    |--A. mini (Girault 1937) [=*Propleurotropis mini] B88
    |--A. seditiosa (Girault 1913) [=Pleurotropomyia seditiosus] B88
    |--A. spenceri (Girault 1913) [=Pleurotropomyia spenceri] B88
    |--A. thaelmanni Girault 1934 B88
    |--A. unnotipennis (Girault 1915) [=*Epentedon unnotipennis] B88
    `--A. varicoxa (Girault 1915) [=Horismenella varicoxa] B88

Apleurotropis Girault 1913 [incl. Apleurotropopseus Girault 1913, Epentedon Girault 1915, Horismenella Girault 1915, Pleurotropomyia Girault 1913, Propleurotropis Girault 1937] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

Closterocerus

Closterocerus trifasciatus, photographed by Charley Eiseman.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Closterocerus is a genus of wasps parasitising small leaf-mining larvae of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Antenna black, with the scape compressed and subtriangular, expanded in distal one-third; flagellum also compressed, with short broad segments, clava with a long spicula; forewing usually with dark arcuate cross-bands which may be joined in middle, sometimes only with one band, at stigma.

<==Closterocerus Westwood 1833 [incl. Chrysocharella Girault 1913] B88
    |--*C. trifasciatus B88
    |--C. cruy (Girault 1918) [=Achrysocharella cruy] B88
    |--C. curtisi Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Chrysocharella’ fasciatipennis Girault 1913 GM79
    |--C. mirus Girault 1913 B88
    |--C. pulcher (Girault 1913) [=*Chrysocharella pulchra, Neochrysocharella pulchra] B88
    |--C. rostandi Girault 1915 B88
    |--C. saintpierrei Girault 1913 B88
    |--C. splendens Kowalski 1917 B88
    |--C. sumae Girault 1934 B88
    |--C. trincinctus Ashmead 1888 GM79 [incl. C. winnemannae Crawford 1912 G25, GM79]
    |--C. westwoodi Girault 1915 B88
    `--C. zangwilli Girault 1913 B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. Indications (in new insects) of ruling power and laws in nature. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 184-186).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.