Anystina

Dorsum of female Adamystis yvesi, from Ueckermann (1989).

Belongs within: Prostigmata.
Contains: Caeculidae, Paratydeoidea, Anystidae, Teneriffiidae.

The Anystina are a diverse group of mostly predatory mites, members of which have the fixed cheliceral digits reduced and the movable digit often blade- or sickle-like. A well-developed palpal thumb-claw process is also often present. Many members of the Anystina are associated with dry soils and litter; these include the Adamystidae, a group of medium-sized reddish mites with a sclerotised plate covering much of the dorsum. The Anystoidea are soft-bodied mites, with at most only a weakly-developed prodorsal shield. These include the Pseudocheylidae, characterised by pad-like tarsal apoteles padlike, produced on annulate stalks, reduced palptarsi, and the absence of genital papillae. The Paratydeoidea are soft-bodied, elongate mites with the front two pairs of legs widely separated from the rear two pairs (Walter et al. 2009).

<==Anystina [Anystae, Anystides] DPD16
    |  i. s.: Pomerantziidae [Pomerantzioidea] ZF11
    |           |--Apomerantzia WL09
    |           `--Pomerantzia WL09
    |                |--P. charlesi WL09
    |                |--P. philippina WL09
    |                `--P. subterranea WL09
    |--Adamystidae [Adamystoidea] OW01
    |    |--Saxidrominae [Saxidromidae] FL10
    |    |    |--Saxidromus Coineau 1974 U89
    |    |    |    |--*S. delamarei Coineau 1974 U89
    |    |    |    |--S. anahoffmannae Lopez-Campos 1996 FL10
    |    |    |    |--S. caribeus Palacios-Vargus & Prieto-Trueba 1995 FL10
    |    |    |    `--S. knoepffleri Coineau 1974 U89
    |    |    |--Bovidromus roussouwi Coineau et al. 2006 FL10
    |    |    `--Rhinodromus lootsi Coineau et al. 2006 FL10
    |    `--Adamystis Cunliffe 1957 U89 [Adamystinae FL10]
    |         |--*A. donnae Cunliffe 1957 U89
    |         |--A. beckyanneae McDaniel & Bolen 1983 U89
    |         |--A. buchelis Ueckermann 1989 U89
    |         |--A. coineaui Rafalski 1982 U89
    |         |--A. doumengei Coineau 1974 U89
    |         |--A. fonsi Coineau 1974 U89
    |         |--A. monomaculata Ueckermann 1989 U89
    |         |--A. nudis Ueckermann 1989 U89
    |         |--A. oculeusis Ueckermann 1989 U89
    |         |--A. sarae Hunter & Crossley 1968 U89
    |         |--A. sartorum Barilo 1987 FL10
    |         |--A. thailandensis Fuangarworn & Lekprayoon 2010 FL10
    |         |--A. trimaculata Ueckermann 1989 U89
    |         `--A. yvesi Ueckermann 1989 U89
    `--+--Caeculidae OW01
       `--+--Paratydeoidea DPD16
          `--Anystoidea ZF11
               |--Anystidae OW01
               |--Pseudocheylidae [Pseudochelidae] ZF11
               |    |--Pseudocheylus Berlese 1888 S76
               |    |    `--P. americanus (Ewing 1909) [=Cheyletiella americana] S76
               |    |--Neocheylus Trägårdh 1906 H98
               |    |    |--N. americanus WL09
               |    |    |--N. collis Baker & Atyeo 1964 H98
               |    |    `--N. nidicolus WL09
               |    `--Anoplocheylus Berlese 1910 [incl. Rhagina Womersley 1935] H98
               |         |--A. clavatus Baker & Atyeo 1964 H98
               |         |--A. protea (Womersley 1935) [=Rhagina protea] H98
               |         |--A. tauricus WL09
               |         `--A. transiens WL09
               `--Teneriffiidae ZF11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DPD16] Dabert, M., H. Proctor & J. Dabert. 2016. Higher-level molecular phylogeny of the water mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 101: 75–90.

[FL10] Fuangarworn, M., & C. Lekprayoon. 2010. Adamystis thailandensis sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata: Adamystidae), a new species of soil mites from Thailand with a key to world species of Adamystidae. Zootaxa 2649: 61–68.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[OW01] Otto, J. C., & K. J. Wilson. 2001. Assessment of the usefulness of ribosomal 18S and mitochondrial COI sequences in Prostigmata phylogeny. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 100–109. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S76] Shiba, M. 1976. Taxonomic investigation on free-living Prostigmata from the Malay Peninsula. Nature and Life in Southeast Asia 7: 83–229.

[U89] Ueckermann, E. A. 1989. A revision of the family Adamystidae Cunliffe (Acari: Prostigmata). Phytophylactica 21: 227–240.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[ZF11] Zhang, Z.-Q., Q.-H. Fan, V. Pesic, H. Smit, A. V. Bochkov, A. A. Khaustov, A. Baker, A. Wohltmann, T. Wen, J. W. Amrine, P. Beron, J. Lin, G. Gabryś & R. Husband. 2011. Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 129–138.

Last updated: 19 July 2022.

Anystidae

Paratarsotomus macropalpis, from Wu et al. (2010).

Belongs within: Anystina.
Contains: Erythracarus.

The Anystidae are a group of fast-moving, predatory mites that are usually reddish in coloration. They are divided between the subfamilies Anystinae and Erythracarinae, with members of the latter having flexible leg tarsi that are commonly divided into pseudosegments (Otto 2000). The Anystinae are mostly broader-bodied species with three claws on the palptibia (Walter et al. 2009).

Characters (from Otto 2000): Cuticle soft; idiosoma lacking a sejugal furrow; legs arranged in a radiating fashion. Chelicera with movable digit hook-like. Palp tibia bearing one to three claw-like setae. Trichobothria present on basifemora of legs I and II.

<==Anystidae
    |  i. s.: Tencateia G01
    |           |--T. indica G01
    |           `--T. kanthiensis G01
    |--Anystinae O00
    |    |--Walzia Oudemans 1936 non Sorokīn 1871 (ICBN) MC13, H98
    |    |    `--W. australica Womersley 1942 H98
    |    `--Anystis von Heyden 1826 H98
    |         |--*A. cornigerus (Hermann 1804) SB63 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--A. agilis WL09 [=Actineda agilis G46]
    |         |--A. baccarum (Linnaeus 1758) H98 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--A. cornutum (Hermann 1804) [=Trombidium cornutum, Erythracarus cornutum] O99a
    |         |--A. indica G01
    |         |--A. jabanica (Berlese 1905) [=Actineda jabanica] H98
    |         |--A. rosae W91
    |         |--A. salicinus WL09
    |         |--A. venustula Koch & Berendt 1854 S93
    |         `--A. wallacei Otto 1992 H98
    `--Erythracarinae O00
         |  i. s.: Mesoanystis Zacharda 1985 O00
         |           `--*M. taymirensis Zacharda 1985 O00
         |         Syblia Oudemans 1936 O00
         |           `--*S. ignipes (Dugès 1834) [=Erythraeus ignipes] O00
         |--+--Erythracarus O00
         |  `--Chaussieria Oudemans 1937 [=Schellenbergia Oudemans 1936 non Heer 1865] O00
         |       |  i. s.: C. flavus (Dugès 1834) O00 [=Erythraeus flavus O99b, Schellenbergia flava O99b]
         |       |--C. pumila Otto 1999 O00
         |       `--+--+--*C. domestica (Koch 1847) O00 (see below for synonymy)
         |          |  |--C. capensis Meyer & Ryke 1960 O00
         |          |  `--+--C. dissimilis Naudo 1977 O00
         |          |     `--C. sanctahelenae Naudo 1977 O00 (see below for synonmy)
         |          `--+--C. aprica Otto 1999 O00
         |             |--C. pilifera Otto 1999 O00
         |             |--C. pulleni Otto 1999 O00
         |             `--C. warregense (Hirst 1931) O00 [=Tarsotomus warregense O99b, Schellenbergia warregense O99b]
         `--+--Namadia Meyer & Ueckermann 1987 O00
            |    `--*N. floreata Smith Meyer & Ueckermann 1987 O00
            `--+--Lacteoscythis Pogrebnyak 1995 O00
               |    `--*L. arenaria Pogrebnyak 1995 O00
               `--+--Paratarsotomus Kuznetsov 1983 O00
                  |    |--*P. scutellatus Kuznetsov 1983 O00
                  |    |--P. behningii (Thor 1912) [=Tarsotomus behningii] O00
                  |    |--P. callunae (Oudemans 1936) [=Tarsotomus callunae] O00
                  |    |--P. macropalpis (Banks 1916) [=Tarsotomus macropalpis] O00
                  |    `--P. sabulosus (Berlese 1885) [=Tarsotomus sabulosus] O00
                  `--+--Tarsolarkus Thor 1912 [incl. Neotarsolarcus Kuznetsov 1983] O00
                     |    |--*T. articulosus Thor 1912 (see below for synonymy) O00
                     |    |--T. clypeatus (Kuznetsov 1983) [=*Neotarsolarcus clypeatus] O00
                     |    `--T. longisetus Barilo 1984 O00
                     `--+--Pedidromus Otto 2000 O00
                        |    |--P. durongensis Otto 2000 O00
                        |    |--+--*P. peliculus Otto 2000 O00
                        |    |  `--P. pilotrix Otto 2000 O00
                        |    `--+--P. agitatus Otto 2000 O00
                        |       |--P. curiosus Otto 2000 O00
                        |       `--P. velox Otto 2000 O00
                        `--Tarsotomus Berlese 1882 (see below for synonymy) O00
                             |  i. s.: T. erraticus (Banks 1912) O00
                             |--T. primitivus Otto 1999 O00
                             `--+--+--T. bathurstensis (Meyer & Ryke 1960) (see below for synonymy) O00
                                |  `--+--T. pentagoneus (Smith Meyer & Ueckermann 1987) [=Absoloniana pentagonea] O00
                                |     `--+--*T. hercules (Berlese 1882) O00 (see below for synonymy)
                                |        |--T. amentatus (Barilo 1984) [=Absoloniana amentata] O00
                                |        |--T. bestiolus (Barilo 1984) [=Absoloniana bestiola] O00
                                |        `--+--T. alticolus (Hirst 1927) [=*Anandia alticola] O00
                                |           `--T. ignicolus (Barilo 1984) [=*Parabsolonia ignicola] O00
                                `--+--+--T. aiolos Otto 1999 O00
                                   |  `--+--T. pusillus Otto 1999 O00
                                   |     `--T. pygmaeus Otto 1999 O00
                                   `--+--T. aleantis Otto 1999 O00
                                      `--+--T. anubis Otto 1999 O00
                                         |--+--T. ambitus Otto 1999 O00
                                         |  `--T. comosus Otto 1999 O00
                                         `--+--T. argillus Otto 1999 O00
                                            |--T. dioxis Otto 1999 O00
                                            `--+--T. abruptus Otto 1999 O00
                                               |--T. solatus Otto 1999 O00
                                               `--+--T. desertorus Otto 1999 O00
                                                  |--T. dianellus Otto 1999 O00
                                                  |--T. heliophilus Otto 1999 O00
                                                  `--+--T. colossus Otto 1999 O00
                                                     `--T. velopes Otto 1999 O00

Anystis baccarum (Linnaeus 1758) H98 [=Acarus baccarum H98; incl. Actineda setosa Koch 1879 T05, Anystis velox V25, An. voigtsi Oudemans 1936 O91]

*Anystis cornigerus (Hermann 1804) SB63 [=Trombidium cornigerum SB63, Actineda cornigera CF77; incl. Ac. triangularis CF77]

*Chaussieria domestica (Koch 1847) O00 [=Erythraeus domesticus O00, Schellenbergia domestica O99b, Tarsotomus domesticus O99b; incl. Tarsotomus berlesei Oudemans 1906 O99b, Chaussieria berlesei O99b, Erythracarus berlesei O99b, Schellenbergia berlesei O99b, Chaussieria maritima Evans & Browning 1953 O99b, Erythraeus venustissimus Berlese 1882 O99b, Chausseria (l. c.) venustissima O99b, Chaussieria venustissima O99b, Erythracarus venustissimus O99b, Schellenbergia venustissima O99b]

Chaussieria sanctahelenae Naudo 1977 O00 [incl. C. benoiti Naudo 1977 O99b, C. brevis Naudo 1977 O99b]

*Tarsolarkus articulosus Thor 1912 [incl. Erythracarus cluozzai Schweizer & Bader 1963, T. oudemansi Barilo 1984] O00

Tarsotomus Berlese 1882 [incl. Absoloniana Willmann 1940, Anandia Hirst 1927, Parabsolonia Barilo 1984, Paranandia Smith Meyer & Ueckermann 1987] O00

Tarsotomus bathurstensis (Meyer & Ryke 1960) [=Anandia bathurstensis, *Paranandia bathurstensis] O00

*Tarsotomus hercules (Berlese 1882) O00 [=Erythraeus hercules O00, Erythracarus hercules O99a; incl. *Absoloniana diversipes Willmann 1940 O00, Erythraeus hercules nivalis Schweizer 1922 non Rhyncholophus nivalis Heer 1845 SB63]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CF77] Canestrini, G., & F. Fanzago. 1877. Intorno agli Acari Italiani. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 5, 4: 69–208, pls 2–7.

[G46] Grandjean, F. 1946. Observations sur les acariens (9e série). Bulletin du Muséum, 2e série, 18 (4): 337–344.

[G01] Gupta, S. K. 2001. A conspectus of natural enemies of phytophagous mites and mites as potential biocontrol agents of agricultural pests in India. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 484–497. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[O91] Olomski, R. 1991. The evolutionary transformation of osmotic regulation in the life cycle of freshwater mites (Hydrachnidia). In: Schuster, R., & P. W. Murphy (eds) The Acari: Reproduction, development and life-history strategies pp. 57–64. Chapman & Hall: London.

[O99a] Otto, J. C. 1999a. Revision of the genus Erythracarus Berlese (Acarina: Anystidae: Erythracarinae). Journal of Natural History 33: 825–909.

[O99b] Otto, J. C. 1999b. Systematics and natural history of the genus Chaussieria Oudemans (Acarina: Prostigmata: Anystidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 126: 251–306.

[O00] Otto, J. C. 2000. A cladistic analysis of Erythracarinae (Acarina: Prostigmata: Anystidae), with the description of a new genus. Systematic Entomology 25: 447–484.

[SB63] Schweizer, J., & C. Bader. 1963. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Trombidiformes Reuter, mit 217 Arten und Unterarten und 193 Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84 (2): i–vi, 209–378.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[T05] Trägårdh, I. 1905. Monographie der arktischen Acariden. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 1–78. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[V25] Vitzthum, H. 1925. Fauna sumatrensis. (Beitrag no. 5). Acarinae. Supplementa Entomologica 11: 1–79.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[W91] Witte, H. 1991. The phylogenetic relationships within the Parasitengonae. In Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 171–182. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

Last updated: 19 July 2022.

Erythracarus

Whirligig mite Erythracarus pyrrholeucus, copyright Thomas Shahan.

Belongs within: Anystidae.

Erythracarus is a cosmopolitan genus of predatory mites distinguished from closely related genera by having widely spaced setae ve on the prodorsum, and having an elongated finger-like projection on the palptibia. In members of the E. pyrrholeucus group (E. festinus to E. katherinae in the tree below), tarsi I and II are pseudosegmented and twisted with phylliform setae (Otto 1999).

Characters of adult (from Otto 1999): Prodorsum with an area of more finely striated cuticle; setae ve further apart than setae sce; naso conspicuous; c series with two setae, series d, e, f with one seta, all setae inserted in striated cuticle; one pair of distinct corneas; pair of swellings present posterior to pair of corneas ; more than ten setae on each genital valve; group of 16–54 setae either side anterolateral to genital valves; row of four to seven setae posterolateral to genital valves. Palp femur and genu fused, segment with two dorsal setae; palp tibia with setae o₁ and o₂ on conspicuously elongated finger-like projection and four to five setae on remainder of segment; seta o₁ distinctly spiniform, with coarse teeth dorsally, two rows of minute teeth ventrally; seta o₂ feather-like; palp tarsus with minute solenidion ω in proximal half, internal ducts absent. Length of legs increasing from I–IV; tarsi longer than tibiae, with two lateral claws and shorter empodial claw; basi- and telofemora ventrally fused, dorsally separated; tarsi I and II with two solenidia ω and one eupathidium ε; lateral tarsal claws with transverse ventral ridges; tibia IV with more than 25 setae.

<==Erythracarus Berlese 1903 O99 (see below for synonymy)
    |  i. s.: E. epigeus (Koch 1837) [=Erythraeus epigeus] O99
    |         E. hirsutus (Menge 1854) [=Erythraeus hirsutus] O99
    |         E. lagopus (Menge 1854) [=Erythraeus lagopus] O99
    |         E. proavus (Menge 1854) [=Erythraeus proavus] O99
    |         E. raripilus (Menge 1854) [=Erythraeus raripilus] O99
    |         E. sabulosus (Berlese 1885) [=Erythraeus sabulosus] O99
    |         E. sachalinensis (Zacharda 1985) [=*Palaeoerythracarus sachalinensis] O00
    |         E. tricolor (Lucas 1847) O99, E12 [=Erythraeus tricolor O99]
    |--+--E. barbarus Otto 1999 O99
    |  `--E. ciliatus Otto 1999 O99
    `--+--E. avius Otto 1999 O99
       |--E. grahami (Meyer & Ryke 1960) [=Bechsteinia grahami] O99
       `--+--E. amnicolus Otto 1999 O99
          |--E. flavipes Otto 1999 O99
          `--+--E. parietinus (Hermann 1804) O99 (see below for synonymy)
             `--+--E. festinus (Meyer & Ueckermann 1987) [=Bechsteinia festina] O99
                `--+--E. pyrrholeucus (Hermann 1804) O99 (see below for synonymy)
                   `--+--E. nasutus Otto 1999 O99
                      `--+--E. decoris Otto 1999 O99
                         `--+--E. elegans Otto 1999 O99
                            `--E. katherinae Otto 1999 O99

Nomen nudum: Erythracarus simku Kishida 1959 O99

Erythracarus Berlese 1903 O99 [incl. Bechsteinia Oudemans 1936 O99, Chabrieria Oudemans 1936 O99, Palaeoerythracarus Zacharda 1985 O00]

Erythracarus parietinus (Hermann 1804) O99 [=Trombidium parietinum O99, Anystis parietinum H98, Tarsotomus parietinus O99; incl. Erythraeus comes Berlese 1886 O99, Erythracarus comes O99, Bechsteinia solarii Ueckermann 1987 O99, Erythraeus spinatus Banks 1894 O99, Erythracarus spinatus O99]

Erythracarus pyrrholeucus (Hermann 1804) O99 [=Trombidium pyrrholeucum O99; incl. Bechsteinia californica McGregor 1956 O99, Erythraeus ruricola Dugès 1834 O99, *Erythracarus ruricola O99, Trombidium ruricolum CF77, *Bechsteinia schneideri Oudemans 1936 O99, Tarsotomus terminalis Banks 1916 O99, *Chabrieria terminalis O99]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CF77] Canestrini, G., & F. Fanzago. 1877. Intorno agli Acari Italiani. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 5, 4: 69–208, pls 2–7.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[O99] Otto, J. C. 1999. Revision of the genus Erythracarus Berlese (Acarina: Anystidae: Erythracarinae). Journal of Natural History 33: 825–909.

[O00] Otto, J. C. 2000. A cladistic analysis of Erythracarinae (Acarina: Prostigmata: Anystidae), with the description of a new genus. Systematic Entomology 25: 447–484.

Last updated: 19 July 2022.