Pholcidae

Smeringopus pallidus, copyright G. McCormack.

Belongs within: Haplogynae.
Contains: Modisiminae, Pholcinae.

The Pholcidae, daddy-long-legs spiders, are a cosmopolitan family of spiders with usually very long legs, most of which build sheetwebs or cobwebs in secluded locations.

Characters (from Huber 2011): Clypeus high; six or eight eyes present, arranged in two triads separate from anterior median eyes (if latter present); leg tibiae with three trichobothria; leg tarsi pseudosegmented, fourth tarsi with comb-hairs; male chelicerae usually modified; male pedipalp usually heavily modified, including proximal segments, with process of palpal tarsus (procursus) usually present; female external genitalia often sculptured, more or less sclerotised to produce an epigynum; egg-sac carried in chelicerae by female.

Pholcidae [Pholceae, Smeringopodeae]
    |--Ninetinae [Ninetidinae] HF08
    |    |  i. s.: Mystes Bristowe 1938 H11
    |    |         Serratochorus Wunderlich 1988 H11
    |    |         Enetea Huber 2000 H11
    |    |         0--Galapa Huber 2000 H11
    |    |         `--Guaranita Huber 2000 H11
    |    |--+--Ninetis Simon 1890 HF08, H11
    |    |  |    |--N. subtilissima H11
    |    |  |    `--N. toliara Huber & El Hennawy 2007 HF08
    |    |  |--Nerudia Huber 2000 H11
    |    |  `--Kambiwa Huber 2000 H11
    |    |--+--Aucana Huber 2000 HF08, H11
    |    |  |    `--A. kaala Huber 2000 HF08
    |    |  |--Nita Huber & El Hennawy 2007 HF08, H11
    |    |  |    `--N. elsaff Huber & El Hennawy 2007 HF08
    |    |  `--Chisosa Huber 2000 H11
    |    `--+--+--Ibotyporanga Mello-Leitão 1944 H11
    |       |  |    `--I. naideae Mello-Leitão 1944 HF08
    |       |  `--Gertschiola Brignoli 1981 H11
    |       `--+--Pholcophora Banks 1896 HF08, H11
    |          |    `--P. americana Banks 1896 HF08
    |          |--Tolteca Huber 2000 H11
    |          `--Papiamenta Huber 2000 H11
    `--+--+--Arteminae [Artemeae] H11
       |  |    |--Holocneminus Berland 1942 HF08, H11
       |  |    |    `--H. piritarsis Berland 1942 HF08
       |  |    |--Artema Walckenaer 1837 H11
       |  |    |    |--A. atlanta Walckenaer 1837 HF08
       |  |    |    `--A. sisyphoides (Doleschall 1857) [=Pholcus sisyphoides; incl. A. convexa Blackw. 1858] K92
       |  |    |--+--Trichocyclus Simon 1908 HF08, H11
       |  |    |  |    |--T. aranda Huber 2001 T13
       |  |    |  |    |--T. arawari H11
       |  |    |  |    |--T. nigropunctatus Simon 1908 T13
       |  |    |  |    `--T. nullarbor Huber 2001 HF08
       |  |    |  `--Physocyclus Simon 1893 H11
       |  |    |       |--P. dugesi Simon 1893 H11
       |  |    |       |--P. enaulus CM07
       |  |    |       `--P. globosus (Taczanowski 1874) HF08
       |  |    `--Tibetia Zhang, Zhu & Song 2006 H11
       |  `--Modisiminae H11
       `--+--Smeringopinae [Holocneminae] H11
          |    |--Smeringopina Kraus 1957 HF08, H11
          |    |    `--S. pulchra (Millot 1941) HF08
          |    |--Stygopholcus Kratochvil 1932 H11
          |    |--Ceratopholcus Spassky 1934 H11
          |    |--Cenemus Saaristo 2001 H11
          |    `--+--Hoplopholcus Kulczyński 1908 H11
          |       |    `--H. minotaurus Senglet 1971 HF08
          |       |--+--Crossopriza Simon 1893 H11
          |       |  |    |--C. cylindrogaster H11
          |       |  |    `--C. lyoni (Blackwall 1867) HF08
          |       |  `--Holocnemus Simon 1875 H11
          |       |       `--H. pluchei (Scopoli 1763) HF08
          |       `--Smeringopus Simon 1890 H11
          |            |--S. elongatus (Vins. 1863) [=Pholcus elongatus] K92
          |            |--S. natalensis Lawrence 1947 HF08
          |            |--S. pallidus (Blackwall 1858) HD-S02
          |            `--S. sambesicus Kraus 1957 HD-S02
          `--Pholcinae HF08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM07] Cokendolpher, J. C., & P. G. Mitov. 2007. Natural enemies. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 339–373. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[HD-S02] Haddad, C. R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2002. The influence of mound structure on the diversity of spiders (Araneae) inhabiting the abandoned mounds of the snouted harvester termite Trinervitermes trinervoides. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 403–408.

[H11] Huber, B. A. 2011. Phylogeny and classification of Pholcidae (Araneae): an update. Journal of Arachnology 39 (2): 211–222.

[HF08] Huber, B. A., & N. Fleckenstein. 2008. Comb-hairs on the fourth tarsi in pholcid spiders. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 232–240.

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.