Haplothripini

Female Scopaeothrips bicolor, from Thysanoptera California.

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.
Contains: Apterygothrips, Karnyothrips, Podothrips, Adraneothrips, Haplothrips, Lissothrips, Leptothrips.

The Haplothripini are a group of mostly flower-feeding thrips characterised by medially constricted fore wings, the presence of prosternal basantral sclerites, and the presence of a maxillary bridge in the head (Mound et al. 2013).

<==Haplothripini
    |--+--+--‘Haplothrips’ leucanthemi (Schrank 1781) BMW13, MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |  |  `--Dyothrips pallescens BMW13
    |  `--+--Haplothrips BMW13
    |     `--Lissothrips BMW13
    `--+--Leptothrips BMW13
       `--+--‘Haplothrips’ graminis Hood 1912 BMW13, MM96 (see below for synonymy)
          `--Scopaeothripina [Rhopalothripini] P60
               |--Froggattothrips P60
               |--Spilothrips P60
               |--Rhopalothripoides P60
               |    |--R. brunneus A78
               |    |--R. froggatti MH91
               |    `--R. luteus MC13
               `--Scopaeothrips Hood 1912 BMW13, MM96 [incl. Rhopalothrips Hood 1912 MM96]
                    |--*S. unicolor Hood 1912 MM96
                    |--S. bicolor (Hood 1912) [=*Rhopalothrips bicolor] MM96
                    `--‘Rhopalothrips’ tuberculatus Girault 1929 G29

Haplothripini incertae sedis:
  Anchylothrips P60
  Apterygothrips P60
  Aulothrips P60
  Dolicholepta P60
  Dolichothrips P60
    |--D. inquilinus A78
    `--D. longicollis A78
  Elatea P60
  Euryaplothrips P60
  Gigaplothrips P60
  Hadothrips P60
  Karnyothrips P60
  Melampodothrips P60
  Praepodothrips P60
  Priesneria Bagnall 1926 P73
    |--*P. kellyana Bagnall 1926 P73
    |--P. doliicornis (Bianchi 1946) [=Karnyothrips doliicornis] P73
    |--P. insolitus (Ananthakrishnan 1969) [=Agrothrips insolitus] P73
    |--P. longistylosa Pitkin 1973 P73
    `--P. peronis MDT13
  Talitha P60
  Tetragonothrips P60
  Craniothrips Bagnall 1915 P60, MM96
    `--*C. urichi Bagnall 1915 MM96
  Epomisothrips Hood 1954 P60, MM96
    `--*E. araucariae Hood 1954 MM96
  Goniothrips Hood 1927 P60, MM96
    `--*G. denticornis Hood 1927 MM96
  Bagnalliella Karny 1920 P60, MM96
    `--*B. yuccae [=Cephalothrips yuccae] MM96
  Antillothrips Stannard 1957 P60, MM96
    |--A. cingulatus (Hood 1919) MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |--A. exastis MM96
    |--A. hartwigi Pitkin 1977 MM96
    `--A. speciosus (Hood 1925) [=Zygothrips speciosus] MM96
  Podothrips P60
  Zaliothrips Hood 1938 P60, MM96
    |--*Z. citripes Hood 1938 MM96
    |--Z. abdominalis Hood 1954 MM96
    |--Z. imitator Hood 1956 MM96
    |--Z. longisetosus Hood 1956 MM96
    |--Z. luteolus Hood 1956 MM96
    `--Z. nigripes Hood 1938 MM96
  Agrothrips Jacot-Guillarmod 1939 P60, MM96
    |--*A. priesneri Jacot-Guillarmod 1939 MM96
    |--A. arenicola (Hood 1939) [=Karnyothrips arenicola] MM96
    |--A. dimidiatus (Hood 1939) [=Watsoniella dimidiata] MM96
    |--A. omani (Crawford 1947) [=Haplothrips omani] MM96
    |--A. pallidus (Hood 1912) [=Zygothrips pallidus] MM96
    |--A. tantillus Stannard 1958 MM96
    `--A. tenebricosus (Priesner 1925) [=Haplothrips tenebricosus] MM96
  Adraneothrips P73
  Xylaplothrips P73
    |--X. clavipes (Karny 1920) [=Haplothrips clavipes] P73
    |--X. darci (Girault 1930) [=Haplothrips darci] P73
    |--X. flavitibia P73
    |--X. inquilinus P73
    |--X. longus P73
    |--X. orientalis P73
    |--X. reedi Pitkin 1973 P73
    `--X. subterraneus (Crawford 1938) [=Haplothrips (Xylaplothrips) subterraneus] C38
  Androthrips A78
    |--A. flavipes A78
    |--A. melastomae A78
    |--A. ochraceus A78
    `--A. ramachandrai A78
  Aeglothrips denticulus A78

Antillothrips cingulatus (Hood 1919) MM96 [=Zygothrips cingulatus MM96, Haplothrips cingulatus P73; incl. *A. graminatus Stannard 1957 MM96, P73, Watsoniella latiaureus Girault 1927 P73]

‘Haplothrips’ graminis Hood 1912 BMW13, MM96 [incl. H. angustipennis Watson 1922 MM96, H. colombiensis Moulton 1933 MM96, Anthothrips floridensis Watson 1916 MM96, H. humilis Hood 1914 MM96, H. querci Watson 1920 MM96, H. rabuni Watson 1922 MM96]

‘Haplothrips’ leucanthemi (Schrank 1781) BMW13, MM96 [=Thrips leucanthemi MM96; incl. Phloeothrips niger Osborn 1883 MM96, Haplothrips niger MH91, Zygothrips wyomingensis Watson 1924 MM96]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.

[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.

[C38] Crawford, J. C. 1938. Some new or little known Thysanoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (2): 35–43.

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262–265).

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[MDT13] Mound, L. A., L.-H. Dang & D. J. Tree. 2013. Genera of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae (Thysanoptera) from dead branches and leaf-litter in Australia. Zootaxa 3681 (3): 201–224.

[MH91] Mound, L. A., & B. S. Heming. 1991. Thysanoptera (thrips). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 510–515. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[P73] Pitkin, B. R. 1973. A revision of the Australian Haplothripini, with descriptions of three new species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Aust. Ent. Soc. 12: 315–339.

[P60] Priesner, H. 1960. Das System der Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 13: 283–296.

Panchaetothripinae

Greenhouse thrips Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, photographed by Jesse Rorabaugh.

Belongs within: Thripidae.
Contains: Caliothrips.

The Panchaetothripinae are a group of leaf-feeding thrips characterised by a strong reticulate sculpture over the body surface, particularly the legs, together with fore wings with the first vein more or less fused to the costa, and transverse meso- and metathoracic furcae that lack a median spinula (Mound & Marullo 1996).

<==Panchaetothripinae [Heliothripinae] BMW13
    |--Australothrips bicolor Bagnall 1916 BMW13, GM79 [incl. Ceratothrips rufiventris Girault 1926 G28, G26b]
    `--+--Phibalothrips BMW13
       `--+--Selenothrips Karny 1911 BMW13, MM96
          |    `--*S. rubrocinctus (Giard 1901) [=Physopus rubrocinctus] MM96
          `--+--Caliothrips BMW13
             `--Heliothrips Haliday 1836 BMW13, MM96
                  |--H. haemorrhoidalis (Bouché 1833) (see below for synonymy) MM96
                  |--H. bifasciipennis Girault 1926 G26a
                  |--H. semiaureus Girault 1928 G28 [incl. Dinurothrips rufiventris Girault 1929 G30, G29]
                  `--H. sylvanus MM96

Panchaetothripinae incertae sedis:
  Sigmothrips aotearoana (Ward 1970) MM04
  Xestothrips glabratus [=Selenothrips glabratus] MM96
  Panchaetothrips indicus B88
  Anisopilothrips Stannard & Mitri 1962 MM96
    `--*A. venustulus (Priesner 1923) [=Heliothrips venustulus; incl. Astrothrips angulatus Hood 1925] MM96
  Elixothrips Stannard & Mitri 1962 MM96
    `--*E. brevisetis (Bagnall 1921) [=Tryphactothrips brevisetis] MM96
  Brachyurothrips Bagnall 1921 MM96
    `--*B. anomalus Bagnall 1921 [incl. B. walteri Costa Lima 1956] MM96
  Oneilliella Wilson 1975 MM96
    `--*O. williamsi (Hood 1928) [=Hercothrips williamsi] MM96
  Parthenothrips Uzel 1895 MM96
    `--*P. dracaenae (Heeger 1854) [=Heliothrips dracaenae] MM96
  Hercinothrips Bagnall 1932 MM96
    |--*H. bicinctus (Bagnall 1919) MM96, MM04 [=Heliothrips bicinctus MM96]
    `--H. femoralis (Reuter 1891) [=Heliothrips femoralis; incl. Hel. apicalis Bondar 1931] MM96
  Dinurothrips Hood 1913 MM96
    |--*D. hookeri Hood 1913 MM96
    `--D. vezenyii Bagnall 1919 MM96
  Helionothrips Bagnall 1932 MM96
    |--*H. brunneipennis [=Heliothrips brunneipennis] MM96
    `--H. funebris (Hood 1928) [=Hercothrips funebris] MM96
  Retithrips Marchal 1910 MM96
    |--R. syriacus (Mayet 1890) (see below for synonymy) MM96
    `--R. javanicus MM96
  Hoodothrips Bondar 1931 [incl. Hoodothripoides Mound 1970] MM96
    |--H. constrictus (Hood 1925) (see below for synonymy) MM96
    |--H. brevipilus (Hood 1928) [=Tryphactothrips brevipilus] MM96
    `--H. lineatus (Hood 1928) (see below for synonymy) MM96
  Arachisothrips Stannard 1952 MM96
    |--*A. millsi Stannard 1952 [incl. A. boneti Stannard 1952] MM96
    |--A. latipennis MM96
    `--A. seticornis Hood 1955 MM96
  Moundothrips MH91

Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché 1833) [=Thrips haemorrhoidalis; incl. *H. adonidum Halliday 1836, H. ceylonicus] MM96

Hoodothrips constrictus (Hood 1925) [=Astrothrips constrictus; incl. Tryphactothrips ipomoeae Moulton 1933, *Hoodothrips neivai Bondar 1931, H. nigriflavus Medina Gaud 1961] MM96

Hoodothrips lineatus (Hood 1928) [=Tryphactothrips lineatus; incl. *Hoodothripoides braziliensis Mound 1970] MM96

Retithrips syriacus (Mayet 1890) [=Thrips (Heliothrips) syriacus; incl. *R. aegyptiacus Marchal 1910, Stylothrips bondari Bondar 1924] MM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.

[G26a] Girault, A. A. 1926a. Characteristics of new Australian insects. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 197–198).

[G26b] Girault, A. A. 1926b. New pests from Australia. III. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 203–204).

[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. A prodigeous discourse on wild animals. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 218–220).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. New pests from Australia. VI. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 266–269).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273–277).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[MM04] Martin, N. A., & L. A. Mound. 2004. Host plants for some New Zealand thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia). New Zealand Entomologist 27: 119–123.

[MH91] Mound, L. A., & B. S. Heming. 1991. Thysanoptera (thrips). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 510–515. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

Hoplothripini

Oncothrips morrisi, from CSIRO.

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.
Contains: Kladothrips, Hoplothrips, Carathrips, Eugynothrips, Holopothrips, Liothrips, Teuchothrips, Leeuweniini, Gynaikothrips.

The Hoplothripini was defined by Priesner (1960) as a group of phlaeothripid thrips with wings usually even in width or narrowed towards the middle and then parallel-sided, rarely expanded towards the end, and with reticulation rarely present. This was explicitly intended as a residual assemblage of genera lacking the characters of more distinctive tribes within Phlaeothripinae; as such, it is almost certainly not monophyletic. Nevertheless, the core of this assemblage may correspond to the Liothrips lineage of leaf-feeding thrips which usually have one sense cone on antennal segment III and three on segment IV, undeveloped pronotal basantra, and parallel-sided fore wings (Mound & Marullo 1996).

Characters (from Priesner 1960): Wings usually even in width or narrowed towards the middle and then parallel-sided, rarely expanded towards the end. Reticulation rarely present.

<==Hoplothripini P60
    |  i. s.: Dyscolothrips Mamet 1967 M04
    |           `--D. priesneri M04
    |         Pygmaeothrips Karny 1920 M70, MM96 [incl. Micropsothrips De Santis 1950 MM96, Polyporothrips Watson 1927 MM96]
    |           `--P. angusticeps (Hood 1908) MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |--Dactylothrips [Dactylothripina] P60
    |    |--D. priscus A78
    |    `--D. tasmani A78
    |--Hoodiana [Hoodianina] P60
    |--Rhinoceps Faure 1949 MM96 [Rhinocipitina P60]
    |    `--*R. jansei Faure 1949 [incl. R. cornutus Zur Strassen 1972] MM96
    |--Cephalothripina P60
    |    |--Gnophothrips Hood & Williams 1915 P60, MM96
    |    |    `--G. fuscus (Morgan 1913) (see below for synonymy) MM96
    |    `--Jacotia P60
    |         |--J. glyptus MDT13
    |         |--J. idaeus MDT13
    |         |--J. palmerae MDT13
    |         `--J. rhodorcha Mound & Minaei 2006 T13
    |--Lispothrips Reuter 1899 MM96 [Lispothripina P60]
    |    |--*L. wasastjernae Reuter 1899 MM96
    |    |--L. birdi Moulton 1929 MM96
    |    |--L. brevicruralis (Shull 1909) [=Trichothrips brevicruralis] MM96
    |    |--L. crassipes (Jablonowski 1894) [=Phloeothrips crassipes] MM96
    |    |--L. populi Moulton 1929 MM96
    |    `--L. salicarius (Hood 1913) [=Rhynchothrips salicarius; incl. L. varicornis Moulton 1929] MM96
    |--Cercothripina P60
    |    |--Cercothrips P60
    |    |    |--C. nigrodentatus A78
    |    |    `--C. priesneri A78
    |    `--Gigantothrips Zimmermann 1900 P60, MM96
    |         |--*G. elegans Zimmerman 1900 MM96
    |         |--G. afer A78
    |         |--G. halidayi (Newman 1855) [=Idolothrips halidayi] MP83
    |         |--G. nigrodentatus MM96
    |         |--G. priesneri A78
    |         |--G. rossi Moulton 1947 MM96
    |         `--G. seshadrii MM96
    |--Kladothripina P60
    |    |--Alocothrips hadrocerus P60, A78
    |    |--Amothrips P60
    |    |--Chelaeothrips P60
    |    |    |--C. annamensis A78
    |    |    `--C. idoliceps A78
    |    |--Choleothrips P60
    |    |    |--C. geijerae A78
    |    |    `--C. percnus A78
    |    |--Dimorphothrips P60
    |    |    |--D. idoliceps A78
    |    |    |--D. microchaetus A78
    |    |    `--D. solitus A78
    |    |--Eurynothrips P60
    |    |--Grypothrips P60
    |    |    |--G. curiosus Girault 1927 G27
    |    |    `--G. mantis Karny 1924 GM79
    |    |--Kellyia P60
    |    |    |--K. biadenes P73
    |    |    `--K. hoodianus A78
    |    |--Koptothrips P60
    |    |    |--K. distritus A78
    |    |    |--K. flavicornis A78
    |    |    |--K. xenus A78
    |    |    `--K. zelus A78
    |    |--Moultonia P60
    |    |--Sumatrothrips filiceps P60, A78
    |    |--Thaumatothrips froggatti Karny 1922 P60, M70
    |    |--Kladothrips BMW13
    |    |--Oncothrips P60
    |    |    |--O. antennatus LD04
    |    |    |--O. habrus LD04
    |    |    |--O. morrisi LD04
    |    |    |--O. rodwayi LD04
    |    |    |--O. schwarzi LD04
    |    |    |--O. sterni LD04
    |    |    |--O. tepperi [incl. Brithothrips fuscus] A78
    |    |    |--O. torus LD04
    |    |    `--O. waterhousei LD04
    |    |--Onychothrips P60
    |    |    |--O. arotrum LD04
    |    |    |--O. hakeae A78
    |    |    |--O. pilbara LD04
    |    |    `--O. zygus LD04
    |    |--Byctothrips ayyari A78
    |    |--Csirothrips A78
    |    |--Katothrips A78
    |    |    |--K. brevitibia (Girault 1928) P73, G28b [=Watsoniella brevitibia P73]
    |    |    |--K. hyrum A78
    |    |    |--K. pendulae A78
    |    |    |--K. tityrus A78
    |    |    `--K. yamma A78
    |    `--Warithrips A78
    `--Hoplothripina [Liothripinae] M70
         |  i. s.: Hoplothrips MDT13
         |         Acaciothrips P60
         |         Adelphothrips tristis P60, A78
         |         Aliothrips elegantulus P60, A78
         |         Arrhenothrips P60
         |           |--A. acuminatus A78
         |           |--A. dhumrapaksha A78
         |           |--A. pacificus A78
         |           `--A. ramakrishnae Hood 1912 A78
         |         Athlibothrips P60
         |         Austrothrips cochinchinensis P60, A78
         |         Brachythrips P60
         |         Carathrips P60
         |         Cephenothrips P60
         |         Chaetokarnyia P60
         |         Coryphothrips trochiceps P60, A78
         |         Eugynothrips P60
         |         Eumorphothrips P60
         |         Eurhynchothrips flavicornis P60, A78
         |         Holopothrips P60
         |         Isotrichothrips P60
         |         Leptoliothrips P60
         |         Liophloeothrips P60
         |         Liothrips P60
         |         Litotetothrips P60
         |         Mallothrips indicus P60, A78
         |         Manothrips P60
         |         Megeugynothrips efflatouni P60, A78
         |         Mesicothrips plicans P60, A78
         |         Mimothrips longicornis P60, A78
         |         Odontoplothrips P60
         |         Necrothrips P60
         |         Nephothrips P60
         |         Parateuchothrips P60
         |         Phasmothrips asparatus P60, A78
         |         Pnigmothrips P60
         |         Prosantothrips hyalopterus P60, A78
         |         Ramakrishnaiella P60
         |         Sauridothrips P60
         |         Scelothrips P60
         |         Sunaitiothrips P60
         |         Syringothrips gallicola P60, A78
         |         Tetradothrips foliiperda P60, A78
         |         Thlibothrips P60
         |           |--T. atavus A78
         |           `--T. nigricaudus A78
         |         Tolmetothrips granti P60, A78
         |         Vuilletia houardi P60, A78
         |         Xiphidothrips tambourisae P60, A78
         |         Zelotothrips fuscipennis P60, A78
         |         Holcothrips Hood 1954 P60, MM96
         |           `--*H. achmaeae Hood 1954 MM96
         |         Neothrips Hood 1908 P60, MM96
         |           `--*N. corticis Hood 1908 MM96
         |         Plagiothrips Priesner 1968 P60, MM96
         |           `--*P. eugeniae (Costa Lima 1935) (see below for synonymy) MM96
         |         Neocecidothrips Bagnall 1929 P60, M08
         |           |--*N. bursariae (Moulton 1927) (see below for synonymy) M08
         |           `--N. curviseta (Girault 1926) [=Horistothrips curviseta] M08
         |         Hindsiothrips Stannard 1958 P60, MM96
         |           |--*H. pullatus (Hood 1925) [=Hindsiana pullata] MM96
         |           |--H. bonesi [incl. H. oettingeni] MM96
         |           `--H. robustisetis (Watson & Preer 1939) [=Eurythrips robustisetis] MM96
         |         Trybomia Karny 1911 P60, MM96 [incl. Ommatothrips Hood 1915 MM96]
         |           |--T. intermedius (Bagnall 1910) (see below for synonymy) MM96
         |           |--T. brevitubus (Moulton 1929) [=Diceratothrips brevitubus] MM96
         |           |--T. elongatus (Bagnall 1910) [=Liothrips elongatus] MM96
         |           |--T. gossypii (Hood 1915) [=*Ommatothrips gossypii] MM96
         |           `--T. mendesi Moulton 1933 MM96
         |         Trichinothrips Bagnall 1929 P60, MM96
         |           |--*T. branderi Bagnall 1929 MM96
         |           |--T. callipechys Hood 1952 MM96
         |           |--T. latifrons Hood 1956 MM96
         |           |--T. panamensis Hood 1935 MM96
         |           |--T. pusillus Hood 1954 MM96
         |           `--T. sensilis Hood 1952 MM96
         |         Horistothrips Morgan 1913 P60, M08 [incl. Aspidothrips Karny 1920 M08]
         |           |--*H. australiae Morgan 1913 (see below for synonymy) M08
         |           |--H. claruspilus M08
         |           |--H. magnafemora M08
         |           |--H. pallidispinosus M08
         |           |--H. platygaster (Karny 1920) (see below for synonymy) M08
         |           `--H. quadriconus Girault 1928 G28a
         |         Akthethrips Mound 1970 M70
         |           `--*A. strobus Mound 1970 M70
         |         Aclystothrips A78
         |           |--A. aberrans A78
         |           `--A. priesneri A78
         |         Ayyarothrips abstrusus A78
         |         Carius malagassus A78
         |         Corycidothrips inquilinus A78
         |         Crotonothrips A78
         |           |--C. coorgensis A78
         |           |--C. dantahasta A78
         |           |--C. davidi A78
         |           |--C. dhirgavadana A78
         |           |--C. dissimilis A78
         |           |--C. gallarum A78
         |           |--C. memecylonicus A78
         |           `--C. mimicus A78
         |         Dixothrips onerosus A78
         |         Eothrips A78
         |           |--E. coimbatorensis A78
         |           |--E. crassicornis A78
         |           |--E. laticauda A78
         |           `--E. schouteniae A78
         |         Liophlaeothrips A78
         |           |--L. ablusus A78
         |           |--L. cecidii A78
         |           |--L. curtus A78
         |           |--L. longus A78
         |           |--L. segnis A78
         |           `--L. vichitravarna A78
         |         Lygothrips jambuvasi A78
         |         Mixothrips Stannard 1968 A78, MM96
         |           |--*M. craigheadi Stannard 1968 MM96
         |           `--M. nakaharai Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
         |         Phorinothrips A78
         |           |--P. loranthi A78
         |           `--P. minusculus A78
         |         Psenothrips priesneri A78
         |         Sphingothrips trachypogon A78
         |         Synergothrips prolatus A78
         |         Schedothrips A78
         |           |--S. orientalis A78
         |           `--S. tumidus A78
         |         Senegothrips coutini A78
         |--+--Teuchothrips BMW13
         |  `--Heligmothrips Mound 1970 BMW13, M08
         |       |--*H. erinaceus (Karny 1920) [=Trichothrips erinaceus; incl. Teuchothrips fuscipennis Moulton 1968] M70
         |       |--H. brevidens (Hood 1918) (see below for synonymy) M70
         |       |--H. eiletus Mound 1970 M70
         |       |--H. frickeri Mound 1970 M70
         |       `--H. gracilior (Hood 1918) (see below for synonymy) M70
         `--+--Leeuweniini BMW13
            `--Gynaikothrips BMW13

Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan 1913) [=Trichothrips fuscus; incl. *G. megaceps, G. piniphilus Crawford 1938] MM96

Heligmothrips brevidens (Hood 1918) [=Liothrips brevidens, Teuchothrips brevidens; incl. T. spinosus Moulton 1968] M70

Heligmothrips gracilior (Hood 1918) [=Liothrips gracilior, Teuchothrips gracilior; incl. T. albipennis Moulton 1968] M70

*Horistothrips australiae Morgan 1913 [incl. H. corticis Girault 1929, Elaphrothrips thoreauini Girault 1929] M08

Horistothrips platygaster (Karny 1920) [=*Aspidothrips platygaster; incl. H. calvus Karny 1920, H. impennis Karny 1920, H. ischnosoma Karny 1920] M08

*Neocecidothrips bursariae (Moulton 1927) [=Eothrips bursariae; incl. Cryptothrips schilleri Girault 1927, Teuchothrips schilleri] M08

*Plagiothrips eugeniae (Costa Lima 1935) [=Gynaikothrips eugeniae, Homorothrips eugeniae, Mixothrips eugeniae] MM96

Pygmaeothrips angusticeps (Hood 1908) MM96 [=Trichothrips angusticeps MM96; incl. Poecilothrips biformis Moulton 1934 MM96, *Pygmaeothrips columniceps Karny 1920 MM96, Hoplothrips dallasi Moulton 1933 MM96, Py. ferecaecus Priesner 1929 MM96, *Micropsothrips ganodermae De Santis 1950 MM96, *Polyporothrips longipilosus Watson 1927 MM96, Liothrips priscus Karny 1920 M70, L. silvifilia Girault 1927 MM96, G27]

Trybomia intermedius (Bagnall 1910) [=Liothrips intermedius; incl. T. fiebrigi Priesner 1921, *T. phasma Karny 1911] MM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.

[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.

[G27] Girault, A. A. 1927. Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. II. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 214–215).

[G28a] Girault, A. A. 1928a. Some new hexapods stolen from authority. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 221–224).

[G28b] Girault, A. A. 1928b. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225–228).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[LD04] Lin, C.-P., & B. N. Danforth. 2004. How do insect nuclear and mitochondrial gene substitution patterns differ? Insights from Bayesian analyses of combined datasets. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 686–702.

[M70] Mound, L. A. 1970. Convoluted maxillary stylets and the systematics of some phlaeothripine Thysanoptera from Casuarina trees in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 18: 439–463.

[M04] Mound, L. A. 2004. Australian long-tailed gall thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae, Leeuweniini), with comments on related Old World taxa. Australian Journal of Entomology 43: 28–37.

[M08] Mound, L. A. 2008. Identification and host associations of some Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae described from Australia pre-1930. Zootaxa 1714: 41–60.

[MDT13] Mound, L. A., L.-H. Dang & D. J. Tree. 2013. Genera of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae (Thysanoptera) from dead branches and leaf-litter in Australia. Zootaxa 3681 (3): 201–224.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A., & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1–174.

[P73] Pitkin, B. R. 1973. A revision of the Australian Haplothripini, with descriptions of three new species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Aust. Ent. Soc. 12: 315–339.

[P60] Priesner, H. 1960. Das System der Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 13: 283–296.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

Last updated: 26 April 2022.

Phlaeothripidae

Eupathithrips dentipes, from Bagnall (1908).

Belongs within: Thripida.
Contains: Macrophthalmothrips, Glyptothripini, Hyidiothripini, Plectrothripini, Apelaunothripini, Sophiothrips, Williamsiella, Urothripini, Idolothripinae, Docessissophothripini, Stictothripina, Haplothripini, Hoplothripini, Psalidothrips, Mesothrips, Acanthothrips, Hoplandrothrips, Malacothrips.

The Phlaeothripidae are a diverse lineage of thrips characterised by the modification of the last abdominal segment into a tube. They have been divided between two subfamilies, the Idolothripinae and Phlaeothripinae, primarily on the basis of the width of the maxillary stylets (broader in Idolothripinae than Phlaeothripinae). However, molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that the 'Phlaeothripinae' are paraphyletic relative to the Idolothripinae (Buckman et al. 2013). The 'Phlaeothripinae' were divided between numerous tribes by Priesner (1960) but many of the taxa he recognised are probably not monophyletic, being primarily distinguished by the absence of specialised features found in other tribes. Subsequent authors (e.g. Mound & Marullo 1996) have suggested the existence of three major 'phlaeothripine' lineages: the primarily hyphal-feeding 'Phlaeothrips lineage', the flower-feeding 'Haplothrips lineage', and the leaf-feeding 'Liothrips' lineage. Though molecular analysis supports monophyly of the Haplothrips and Liothrips lineages, it does not support the Phlaeothrips lineage (Buckman et al. 2013). As the Idolothripinae are also fungal feeders, these habits are probably plesiomorphic for the Phlaeothripidae as a whole.

The Williamsiellina are a group of thrips primarily associated with mosses. They usually have the maxillary stylets widely separated when retracted (except in two species of Lissothrips); the stylets are retracted deeply in Lissothrips, but are very low in Williamsiella. The maxillary stylets probably retract about halfway into the head in Pueblothrips minuta, which is only known from the type series in which the stylets are probably not in the resting position (Mound & Marullo 1996). The Mesothripina are characterised by large eyes and a basally constricted head, with wings narrowly constricted towards the middle and parallel-sided from the middle to the apex (Priesner 1960).

Characters (from Mound & Marullo 1996): Abdominal tergite X forming an enclosed tube in both sexes, although excavate ventrally at the base in males and variously swollen in some species; sternite VIII similar in structure to sternite VII, female with an eversible chute-like ovipositor; forewings, when present, without longitudinal veins or veinal setae, surface without microtrichia, marginal cilia not arising from sockets.

Phlaeothripidae [Acanthothripini, Phlaeothripinae, Phlaeothripini, Phloeothripomorpha, Tubulifera]
    |--Williamsiellina P60
    |    |--Sophiothrips BMW13
    |    |--Williamsiella MM96
    |    `--Pueblothrips Stannard 1950 P60, MM96
    |         `--*P. minuta Stannard 1950 MM96
    `--+--Urothripini BMW13
       `--+--Idolothripinae BMW13
          `--+--+--Adrothrips Moulton 1942 BMW13, M70
             |  |    |--*A. aureus Moulton 1942 M70
             |  |    |--A. akanthus Mound 1970 M70
             |  |    |--A. cotteri Mound 1970 M70
             |  |    |--A. intermedius (Bianchi 1945) [=Scopaeothrips intermedius] M70
             |  |    `--A. systenus Mound 1970 M70
             |  `--Docessissophothripini BMW13
             `--+--Stictothripina BMW13
                `--+--+--Haplothripini BMW13
                   |  `--+--Cartomothrips Stannard 1962 BMW13, MM96
                   |     |    |--*C. browni Stannard 1962 MM96
                   |     |    `--C. manukae AY04
                   |     `--Thorybothripina MM96
                   |          |--Thorybothrips Priesner 1924 MM96
                   |          |    |--T. unicolor [=Cryptothrips unicolor; incl. *T. graminis Priesner 1924] MM96
                   |          |    `--T. yuccae MM96
                   |          `--Treherniella Watson 1924 BMW13, MM96
                   |               |--T. amplipennis (Morgan 1913) (see below for synonymy) MM96
                   |               `--T. atrata De Santis 1963 MM96
                   `--+--Hoplothripini BMW13
                      `--+--Mesothripina A78
                         |    |--Euoplothrips P60
                         |    |    |--E. bagnalli A78
                         |    |    |--E. buxtoni A78
                         |    |    |--E. crassipes A78
                         |    |    |--E. incognitus A78
                         |    |    `--E. uncinatus A78
                         |    |--Glenothrips P60
                         |    |--Logadothrips P60
                         |    |--Paramesothrips P60
                         |    |--Phylladothrips P60
                         |    |--Psalidothrips P60
                         |    |--Mesothrips P60
                         |    |--Mesandrothrips inquilinus A78
                         |    |--Moultonoides geijerae A78
                         |    `--Sacothrips BMW13
                         |         |--S. bicolor A78
                         |         |--S. catheter BMW13
                         |         |--S. corycidis A78
                         |         |--S. galbus A78
                         |         |--S. ingens A78
                         |         `--S. milvus A78
                         `--Phlaeothripina P60
                              |--Acanthothrips P60
                              |--Bamboosiella P60
                              |--Cryptaplothrips P60
                              |--Gluphothrips P60
                              |--Gynoplothrips P60
                              |--Hoplandrothrips BMW13
                              |--Malacothrips P60
                              |--Odontinothrips P60
                              |--Ormothrips P60
                              |--Phlaeobiothrips P60
                              |--Pselaphothrips P60
                              |--Phlaeothrips Haliday 1836 GM79
                              |    |--*P. coriaceus MM96
                              |    `--P. okamatoi (Karny 1913) [=Cryptothrips okamatoi] MP83
                              |--Sedulothrips Bagnall 1915 P60, MM96
                              |    |--S. vigilans (Hood 1913) (see below for synonymy) MM96
                              |    `--S. tristis Hood 1933 MM96
                              |--Ecacanthothrips P60
                              |    |--E. io Girault 1930 G30
                              |    |--E. sanguineus A61 (see below for synonymy)
                              |    `--E. tibialis MDT13
                              |--Poecilothrips Uzel 1895 P60, MM96
                              |    |--*P. albopictus Uzel 1895 [incl. P. harrisoni, P. lupini, P. ornatus] MM96
                              |    |--P. dens (Moulton 1907) [=Trichothrips dens] MM96
                              |    `--P. nubilus MM96
                              |--Pristothrips Hood 1925 P60, MM96 [incl. Celetothrips Morgan 1929 MM96]
                              |    |--*P. aaptus Hood 1925 MM96
                              |    |--P. albipunctatus Hood 1925 (see below for synonymy) MM96
                              |    `--P. pollostus Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
                              `--Eupathithrips Bagnall 1908 P60, MM96 (see below for synonymy)
                                   |--*E. dentipes Bagnall 1908 MM96
                                   |--E. affinis Bagnall 1915 [incl. E. bagnalli Morgan 1929] MM96
                                   |--E. atripes Hood 1950 MM96
                                   |--E. meizon Hood 1955 MM96
                                   |--E. panscopus Hood 1938 MM96
                                   `--E. silvestrii (Buffa 1908) (see below for synonymy) MM96

Phlaeothripidae incertae sedis:
  Hannibalia Girault 1928 P60, G28
    `--*H. priscus Girault 1928 G28
  Rohrthrips libanicus PL12
  Jersonithrips Retana-Salazar & Nishida 2007 R-SN07
    `--*J. galligenus Retana-Salazar & Nishida 2007 R-SN07
  Iotatubothrips M04b
    |--I. crozieri M04b
    `--I. kranzae M04b
  Phallothrips houstoni M04b
  Acrosothrips Stannard 1963 MM96
    `--*A. asymmetricus (Watson 1937) [=Trichothrips asymmetricus] MM96
  Senarioliothrips Johansen 1981 MM96
    `--*S. infrequentis Johansen 1981 MM96
  Torvothrips Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--*T. atrox Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--T. kosztarebi Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--T. martinezi Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--T. penetrans Johansen 1980 MM96
    `--T. tremendus (Johansen 1978) [=Rhynchothrips tremendus] MM96
  Pseudophilothrips Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--*P. moundi Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--P. amabilis Johansen 1981 MM96
    |--P. fugitivus (Johansen 1983) [=Phrasterothrips fugitivus] MM96
    `--P. ichini (Hood 1949) [=Liothrips ichini] MM96
  Pistillothrips Johansen 1982 MM96
    `--*P. guadalupae Johansen 1982 MM96
  Chortothrips Hood 1957 MM96
    `--*C. valens (Hood 1950) [=Eurythrips valens] MM96
  Chthonothrips Hood 1957 MM96
    `--*C. nigrocinctus Hood 1957 MM96
  Blepharidothrips Hood 1952 MM96
    `--*B. sphaerops Hood 1952 MM96
  Hansonthrips Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
    |--*H. drymus Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
    `--H. selvae Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
  Trypanothrips Hood 1957 MM96
    `--*T. coxalis Hood 1957 MM96
  Diphyothrips Stannard 1963 MM96
    `--*D. morainensis Stannard 1963 MM96
  Godoythrips Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
    `--*G. asketus Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
  Amynothrips O’Neill 1968 MM96
    `--*A. andersoni O’Neill 1968 MM96
  Xeroleptothrips Johansen 1982 MM96
    `--*X. tehuacanensis Johansen 1982 MM96
  Gomphiothrips Moulton 1933 MM96
    |--*G. tibouchinae Moulton 1933 MM96
    `--G. mercedes Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
  Pleurothrips Hood 1957 MM96
    `--*P. collaris (Hood 1925) [=Eurythrips collaris] MM96
  Domatiathrips Mound 1993 MM96
    `--*D. cunninghamii Mound 1993 MM96
  Akainothrips MP83
    |--A. asketus M13
    |--A. dubitalis M13
    |--A. exourus M13
    `--A. ireneae M13
  Thilakothrips [Thilakothripina] P60
    `--T. babuli A78
  Macrophthalmothrips MDT13
  Aleurodothrips Franklin 1909 MM96 [Aleurodothripina P60]
    |--*A. fasciapennis (Franklin 1908) [=Cryptothrips fasciapennis] MM96
    `--A. fasciiventris Girault 1927 G27
  Glyptothripini MM96
  Hyidiothripini MDT13
  Plectrothripini MDT13
  Apelaunothripini MDT13
  Klambothrips Mound & Morris 2007 M08
    |--*K. myopori Mound & Morris 2007 M08
    |--K. annulosus [=Teuchothrips annulosus] M08
    |--K. oleariae M08
    `--K. walsinghami [=Teuchothrips walsinghami] M08
  Callococcithrips Mound & Wells 2007 M08
    |--*C. fuscipennis (Moulton 1968) [=Rhynchothrips fuscipennis] M08
    `--C. atratus [=Liothrips atratus] M08
  Majerthrips Mound & Minaei 2006 T13
    `--M. barrowi Mound & Minaei 2006 T13
  Senithrips Mound & Minaei 2006 T13
    `--S. psomus Mound & Minaei 2006 T13
  Brakothrips stenos M13
  Stomothrips MDT13
    |--S. cycasi MDT13
    `--S. mouldeni MDT13
  Corroboreethrips MDT13
  Ostlingothrips corini M13
  Deplorothrips MDT13
  Azaleothrips lepidus MDT13
  Bocathrips okajimai MDT13, TM13
  Solomonthrips MDT13
    |--S. australiensis MDT13
    `--S. brooksi MDT13
  Apostlethrips MDT13
    |--A. apostus MDT13
    `--A. pygus MDT13
  Zemiathrips MDT13
    |--Z. anatolis MDT13
    |--Z. biseta MDT13
    |--Z. greensladeae MDT13
    |--Z. triseta MDT13
    `--Z. uptoni MDT13
  Yarnkothrips kolourus MDT13
  Hapsidothrips Mamet 1967 M04a
    `--H. curtispinis M04a
  Maurithrips Mamet 1967 M04a
    `--M. spinulosus M04a

Ecacanthothrips sanguineus A61 [incl. E. bryanti Bagnall 1915 A61, GM79, E. coxalis A61, E. erythrinus A61, E. flavipes A61, E. fletcheri A61, E. priesneri A61, E. ramakrishnai A61, E. steinskyi A61]

Eupathithrips Bagnall 1908 P60, MM96 [incl. Heterothrips Buffa 1908 non Hood 1908 MM96, Polyommatothrips Buffa 1909 MM96]

Eupathithrips silvestrii (Buffa 1908) [=*Heterothrips silvestrii, *Polyommatothrips silvestrii; incl. Eupathithrips spectator Hood 1934] MM96

Pristothrips albipunctatus Hood 1925 [incl. *Celetothrips breviceps Morgan 1929, P. peruviensis Hood 1938] MM96

Sedulothrips vigilans (Hood 1913) [=Polyommatothrips vigilans; incl. S. brevispinosus Moulton 1933, S. hubbelli Watson 1924, *S. insolens Bagnall 1915, Macrophthalmothrips papantlensis Johansen 1974, S. quichua Hood 1938] MM96

Treherniella amplipennis (Morgan 1913) [=Trichothrips amplipennis; incl. Haplothrips orlando Watson & Osborn 1919, *Treherniella orlando] MM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1961. Allometry and speciation in Ecacanthothrips Bagnall. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 275–280.

[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.

[AY04] Austin, A. D., D. K. Yeates, G. Cassis, M. J. Fletcher, J. La Salle, J. F. Lawrence, P. B. McQuillan, L. A. Mound, D. J. Bickel, P. J. Gullan, D. F. Hales & G. S. Taylor. 2004. Insects 'Down Under'—diversity, endemism and evolution of the Australian insect fauna: examples from select orders. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 216–234.

[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.

[G27] Girault, A. A. 1927. A discourse on wild animals. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 216–217).

[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. Notice of a curious professor and of native wasps and wood lice. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 229–232).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273–277).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[M70] Mound, L. A. 1970. Convoluted maxillary stylets and the systematics of some phlaeothripine Thysanoptera from Casuarina trees in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 18: 439–463.

[M0a] Mound, L. A. 2004a. Australian long-tailed gall thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae, Leeuweniini), with comments on related Old World taxa. Australian Journal of Entomology 43: 28–37.

[M04b] Mound, L. A. 2004b. Australian Thysanoptera—biological diversity and a diversity of studies. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 248–257.

[M08] Mound, L. A. 2008. Identification and host associations of some Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae described from Australia pre-1930. Zootaxa 1714: 41–60.

[M13] Mound, L. A. 2013. Thysanoptera (Insecta) of Barrow Island, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 287–290.

[MDT13] Mound, L. A., L.-H. Dang & D. J. Tree. 2013. Genera of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae (Thysanoptera) from dead branches and leaf-litter in Australia. Zootaxa 3681 (3): 201–224.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A., & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1–174.

[PL12] Peñalver, E., C. C. Labandeira, E. Barrón, X. Delclòs, P. Nel, A. Nel, P. Tafforeau & C. Soriano. 2012. Thrips pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (22): 8623–8628.

[P60] Priesner, H. 1960. Das System der Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 13: 283–296.

[R-SN07] Retana-Salazar, A. P., & K. Nishida. 2007. First gall-inducing thrips on Elaphoglossum ferns: a new genus and species of thrips, Jersonithrips galligenus from Costa Rica (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 87 (2): 143–148.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

[TM13] Tree, D. J., & L. A. Mound. 2013. Leichhardt's vanishing thrips: a remarkable new genus and species of Insecta, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum—Nature 58: 375–379.

Last updated: 26 April 2022.

Thripidae

Limothrips angulicornis, from OzThrips.

Belongs within: Thripida.
Contains: Wegenerithrips, Plesiothrips, Aptinothripina, Dendrothripinae, Frankliniella, Sericothripinae, Scirtothrips, Anaphothrips, Taeniothrips, Thrips, Panchaetothripinae, Chirothrips.

The Thripidae are a diverse and cosmopolitan family of thrips including, amongst others, the great majority of the pest thrips species. Recent authors have recognised four subfamilies within the Thripidae though the largest of these, the Thripinae, is defined only by the absence of derived characters and is undoubtedly paraphyletic. Molecular phylogenetic analysis has suggested division of the family between two major lineages, one including the subfamilies Dendrothripinae and Sericothripinae and thripine genera related to Frankliniella, and the other including the subfamily Panchaetothripinae and genera related to Thrips (Buckman et al. 2013). The latter of these clades also includes the distinctive genus Scolothrips, species of which are predators on leaf-feeding mites. The Chirothripini have been recognised as a tribe of grass-living 'Thripinae' but, again, the characters defining this assemblage are probably related to their habitat and the tribe is probably not monophyletic (Mound & Marullo 1996).

Characters (from Mound & Marullo 1996): Small to medium in body size (0.5–2.5 mm in length). Antenna with six to eight (rarely nine) segments, terminal segments forming short style at apex of segment VI if present; segments III and IV each with one (occasionally two) emergent, forked or simple, sensory trichomes, each of which is more than twice as long as wide. Tentorium not developed. Wings, if present, slender and usually more or less pointed, with two longitudinal veins each usually bearing a row of setae. Females with serrated ovipositor (rarely reduced) that is downturned at apex. Males commonly smaller and paler than females with a more slender body, often bearing one or more glandular areas on median sternites.

Thripidae [Thripinae, Thripini]
    |--+--Ayyaria chaetophora BMW13
    |  |--+--Aptinothripina BMW13
    |  |  `--Dendrothripinae BMW13
    |  |--+--Frankliniella BMW13
    |  |  `--Pseudanaphothrips Karny 1921 BMW13, GM79
    |  |       |--P. achaetus BMW13
    |  |       `--P. araucariae BMW13
    |  `--+--Sericothripinae BMW13
    |     `--+--+--Anascirtothrips arorai BMW13
    |        |  `--Scirtothrips BMW13
    |        `--+--Parabaliothrips newmani BMW13, M04
    |           `--Echinothrips Moulton 1911 BMW13, MM96
    |                |--*E. mexicanus Moulton 1911 MM96
    |                |--E. americanus Morgan 1913 [incl. Dictyothrips floridensis Watson 1919] MM96
    |                |--E. asperatus Hood 1957 MM96
    |                |--E. caribbeanus Hood 1955 MM96
    |                |--E. pinnatus Hood 1960 MM96
    |                |--E. selaginellae Mound 1994 MM96
    |                `--E. subflavus Hood 1927 MM96
    `--+--+--Anaphothrips BMW13
       |  `--+--Taeniothrips BMW13
       |     `--Thrips BMW13
       `--+--+--Panchaetothripinae BMW13
          |  `--Scolothrips Hinds 1902 BMW13, MM96
          |       |--*S. sexmaculatus (Pergande 1894) [=Thrips sexmaculata] MM96
          |       |--S. indicus HC01
          |       |--S. longicornis HC01
          |       `--S. rhagebianus BMW13
          `--+--Caprithrips Faure 1933 BMW13, MM96
             |    |--*C. analis Faure 1933 MM96
             |    |--C. insularis Beshear 1975 MM96
             |    `--C. moundi BMW13
             `--+--Pezothrips Karny 1907 BMW13, JR-SM-G05
                |    |--P. aureus Girault 1929 G29
                |    `--P. kellyanus BMW13
                `--+--Tenothrips Bhatti 1967 BMW13, JR-SM-G05
                   |    |--*T. alis [=Taeniothrips (*Tenothrips) alis] MM96
                   |    `--T. frici (Uzel 1895) [=Physopus frici] MM96
                   `--+--Chirothripini MM96
                      |    |--Chirothrips BMW13
                      |    `--Limothrips Haliday 1836 MM96
                      |         |--*L. cerealium (Haliday 1836) [=Thrips (*Limothrips) cerealium] MM96
                      |         |--L. angulicornis MM96
                      |         |--L. australiensis Girault 1928 G28b
                      |         `--L. formosus Girault 1929 G29
                      `--Arorathrips Bhatti 1990 BMW13, MM96
                           |--*A. mexicanus (Crawford 1909) [=Chirothrips mexicanus] MM96
                           |--A. crassiscelis (Zur Strassen 1967) [=Chirothrips crassiscelis] MM96
                           |--A. fulvus (Moulton 1936) [=Chirothrips fulvus; incl. C. dolosus De Santis 1967] MM96
                           |--A. nigriceps (Hood 1952) [=Chirothrips nigriceps] MM96
                           |--A. spiniceps (Hood 1915) [=Chirothrips spiniceps] MM96
                           `--A. xanthius (Hood 1934) [=Chirothrips xanthius; incl. C. oryzae De Santis 1967] MM96

Thripidae incertae sedis:
  Ceratothrips Reuter 1899 M83, GM79
    |--C. frici M83
    `--C. quadratus (Hood 1918) G28a, GM79 [=Pterothrips quadratus G28a]
  Sorgothrips Priesner 1936 JR-SM-G05
  Anomothrips Bhatti 1978 JR-SM-G05
  Odontothripiella Bagnall 1929 JR-SM-G05
    `--O. biloba TM13
  Odontothrips Amyot & Serville 1843 JR-SM-G05
  Projectothrips Moulton 1929 JR-SM-G05
  Dichromothrips MM09
  Trichromothrips MM09
  Tethysthrips PL12
    |--T. hispanicus PL12
    `--T. libanicus PL12
  Adelphithrips cassiniae Mound & Palmer 1981 MM04
  Dikrothrips diphyes Mound & Walker 1981 MM04
  Lomatothrips paryphis Mound & Walker 1982 MM04
  Lefroyothrips Priesner 1938 MM96, JR-SM-G05
  Megalurothrips Bagnall 1915 MM96, JR-SM-G05
  Cricothrips MM96
  Moundiella MM96
  Bournierothrips Bhatti 1979 MM96
  Wegenerithrips MM96
  Plesiothrips MM96
  Graphidothrips stuardoi MM96
  Exothrips MM96
  Organothrips bianchii MM96
  Muscithrips Bournier 1990 MM96, JR-SM-G05
  Xenothrips MM09
  Monothrips flavus MM09
  Gabanithrips Bhatti & Mound 1992 MM96
    `--*G. bantus Bhatti & Mound 1992 MM96
  Craspedothrips zur Strassen 1966 MM96, JR-SM-G05
    `--C. inconstantis (Johansen & Mojica 1986) (see below for synonymy) JR-SM-G05
  Scirtidothrips Hood 1954 MM96
    `--*S. torquatus Hood 1954 MM96
  Rhabdothrips Hood 1933 MM96
    `--*R. albus Hood 1933 MM96
  Fulmekiola Karny 1925 MM96
    `--F. serrata (Kobus 1893) [=Thrips serrata; incl. *F. interrupta Karny 1925] MM96
  Paraleucothrips Johansen 1983 MM96
    `--*P. minusculus Johansen 1983 MM96
  Plesiopsothrips Hood 1956 MM96
    `--*P. trinidadensis Hood 1956 MM96
  Prionotothrips Hood 1954 MM96
    `--*P. procerus Hood 1954 MM96
  Sciothrips Bhatti 1970 MM96
    `--*S. cardamomi (Ramakrishna 1935) [=Taeniothrips cardamomi] MM96
  Systenothrips Hood 1956 MM96
    `--*S. latens Hood 1956 MM96
  Aneristothrips De Santis 1957 MM96
    |--*A. rostratus De Santis 1957 MM96
    `--A. claripennis (Moulton 1933) [=Mycertothrips claripennis] MM96
  Arpediothrips Hood 1927 MM96
    |--*A. mojave Hood 1927 MM96
    `--A. mexicanus Watson 1939 MM96
  Bradinothrips Hood 1954 [incl. Palleucothrips Hood 1956] MM96
    |--*B. williamsi Hood 1954 MM96
    `--B. musae (Hood 1956) [=*Palleucothrips musae] MM96
  Cercyothrips Morgan 1925 MM96
    |--*C. striatus Morgan 1925 MM96
    `--C. galbinus Hood 1957 MM96
  Coremothrips Hood 1925 MM96
    |--*C. pallidus Hood 1925 MM96
    `--C. nubilicus Hood 1954 MM96
  Danothrips Bhatti 1971 MM96
    |--*D. setifer Bhatti 1971 MM96
    |--D. theivorus A78
    `--D. trifasciatus Sakimura 1975 MM96
  Dendrothripoides Bagnall 1923 MM96
    |--D. innoxius (Karny 1914) [=Euthrips innoxius; incl. *D. ipomeae Bagnall 1923] MM96
    `--D. microchaetus MM96
  Rhamphothrips Karny 1913 MM96
    |--*R. tenuirostris [=Rhynchothrips tenuirostris] MM96
    `--R. pandens Sakimura 1983 MM96
  Salpingothrips Hood 1935 MM96
    |--*S. minimus Hood 1935 MM96
    `--S. aimotofus MM96
  Bregmatothrips Hood 1912 MM96
    |--*B. venustus Hood 1912 MM96
    |--B. difficilis Johansen 1977 MM96
    `--B. gracilis Hood & Williams 1915 MM96
  Chaetanaphothrips Priesner 1925 MM96
    |--*C. orchidii (Moulton 1907) [=Euthrips orchidii] MM96
    |--C. bilongilineatus R70
    |--C. deformans A78
    |--C. leeuweni (Karny 1914) [=Euthrips leeuweni; incl. Scirtothrips clarus Moulton 1942] MM96
    `--C. signipennis (Bagnall 1914) [=Scirtothrips signipennis, Anaphothrips signipennis] MM96
  Corynothrips Williams 1913 MM96
    |--*C. stenopterus Williams 1913 MM96
    |--C. cruentatus Hood 1934 MM96
    `--C. flavus Moulton 1941 MM96
  Dorcadothrips Priesner 1932 MM96
    |--*D. caespitis Priesner 1932 MM96
    |--D. cyperaceae MM96
    `--D. xanthius MM96
  Kurtomathrips Moulton 1927 MM96
    |--*K. morrilli Moulton 1927 MM96
    |--K. anahuacensis Johansen 1976 MM96
    `--K. brunneus (Watson 1931) [=Prosopothrips brunneus; incl. K. unicolor Bailey 1961] MM96
  Leucothrips Reuter 1904 MM96
    |--*L. nigripennis Reuter 1904 MM96
    |--L. furcatus MM96
    |--L. pictus MM96
    `--L. theobromae MM96
  Bravothrips Johansen 1986 MM96, JR-SM-G05
    |--*B. daturae Johansen 1986 MM96
    |--B. halffteri Johansen 1986 MM96
    |--B. kraussi (Crawford 1948) [=Taeniothrips kraussi] MM96
    |--B. mexicanus (Priesner 1933) [=Taeniothrips mexicanus] MM96
    `--B. tibialis (Crawford 1948) JR-SM-G05 [=Taeniothrips tibialis MM96]
  Ceratothripoides Bagnall 1918 MM96, JR-SM-G05
    |--*C. brunneus Bagnall 1918 MM96
    |--C. chilticus Johansen 1986 MM96
    |--C. claratris WJM13
    |--C. funestus (Hood 1915) (see below for synonymy) MM96
    |--C. lagoenacollus (Moulton 1933) [=Taeniothrips lagoenacollus] MM96
    `--C. silvestris (Hood 1935) [=Taeniothrips silvestris] MM96
  Halmathrips Hood 1936 MM96
    |--*H. citricinctus Hood 1936 MM96
    |--H. beckeri Stannard 1953 [=H. (Phaosothrips) beckeri] MM96
    |--H. debilis Stannard 1953 MM96
    |--H. ferruginus Johansen 1974 [=H. (Demetriothrips) ferruginus] MM96
    `--H. tricinctus Stannard 1953 MM96
  Chaetisothrips Priesner 1957 MM96
    |--*C. striatus (Hood 1935) (see below for synonymy) MM96
    |--C. chavesi Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
    |--C. garciamirandai Johansen 1982 MM96
    |--C. gardeniae (Crawford 1945) [=Isochaetothrips gardeniae] MM96
    |--C. mecocephalus Sakimura 1969 [incl. Isochaetothrips garciaamarae Johansen 1978] MM96
    |--C. medinai Sakimura 1969 MM96
    `--C. reticulatus (Crawford 1910) (see below for synonymy) MM96
  Psectrothrips Hood 1937 [incl. Lacandonithrips Johansen 1981] MM96
    |--*P. delostomae Hood 1937 MM96
    |--P. beckeri Stannard 1951 MM96
    |--P. elegantis (Johansen 1981) [=*Lacandonithrips elegantis] MM96
    |--P. interruptus (Hood 1957) [=Pseudothrips interruptus] MM96
    |--P. longiceps (Hood 1954) [=Pseudothrips longiceps] MM96
    |--P. palmerae Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
    `--P. spadix (Hood 1916) [=Pseudothrips spadix] MM96
  Xerothrips Nakahara 1996 N96
    `--*X. dissimilis Nakahara 1996 N96
  Diarthrothrips RD77
    |--D. coffeae RD77
    `--D. obscuriceps Girault 1931 G31
  Kakothrips robustus RD77
  Amphithrips argutus A78
  Pteridothrips pteridicola A78
  Smeringothrips salaciae A78
  Tmetothrips subapterus A78

Ceratothripoides funestus (Hood 1915) [=Physothrips funestus; incl. Taeniothrips martorellorum Medina Gaud 1961] MM96

Chaetisothrips reticulatus (Crawford 1910) [=Dictyothrips reticulatus; incl. Isochaetothrips dampfi Priesner 1933] MM96

*Chaetisothrips striatus (Hood 1935) [=Isochaetothrips striatus; incl. C. striatus caribbeanus Sakimura 1969] MM96

Craspedothrips inconstantis (Johansen & Mojica 1986) [=Wegenerithrips inconstantis, Ceratothripoides inconstantis] JR-SM-G05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.

[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.

[G28a] Girault, A. A. 1928a. A prodigeous discourse on wild animals. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 218–220).

[G28b] Girault, A. A. 1928b. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225–228).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262–265).

[G31] Girault, A. A. 1931. Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 284–285).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[HC01] Ho, C.-C., & W.-H. Chen. 2001. Life cycle, food consumption, and seasonal occurrence of Scolothrips indicus (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) on eggplant. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 409–412. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[JR-SM-G05] Johansen, R. M., A. P. Retana-Salazar & A. Mojica-Guzmán. 2005. A review of the New World bryophyte-feeding genus Wegenerithrips Johansen 1983 (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (1): 61–83.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[MM04] Martin, N. A., & L. A. Mound. 2004. Host plants for some New Zealand thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia). New Zealand Entomologist 27: 119–123.

[M04] Mound, L. A. 2004. Australian Thysanoptera—biological diversity and a diversity of studies. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 248–257.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[MM09] Mound, L. A., & M. Masumoto. 2009. Australian Thripinae of the Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera), with three new genera and thirty-three new species. Zootaxa 2042: 1–76.

[N96] Nakahara, S. 1996. Xerothrips dissimilis new genus and species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from California and Nevada. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 208–214.

[PL12] Peñalver, E., C. C. Labandeira, E. Barrón, X. Delclòs, P. Nel, A. Nel, P. Tafforeau & C. Soriano. 2012. Thrips pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (22): 8623–8628.

[R70] Reed, E. M. 1970. Thysanoptera (thrips). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 458–464. Melbourne University Press.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[TM13] Tree, D. J., & L. A. Mound. 2013. Leichhardt's vanishing thrips: a remarkable new genus and species of Insecta, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum—Nature 58: 375–379.

[WJM13] Whittle, P., F. Jarrad & K. Mengersen. 2013. Design of the quarantine surveillance for non-indigenous species of invertebrates on Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 113–130.

Last updated: 26 April 2022.