Ichneumonoidea

Homolobus infumator, copyright Chris Johnson.

Belongs within: Vespina.
Contains: Ichneumonidae, Urosigalphini, Doryctinae, Braconinae, Rogadinae, Opiinae, Alysiinae, Aphidiinae, Ichneutinae, Cheloninae, Macrocentrinae, Orgilinae, Agathidinae, Helconinae, Sigalphinae, Euphorinae.

The Ichneumonoidea are a hyperdiverse group of parasitoid wasps, most of which are more or less slender-bodied with multi-segmented antennae bearing a short scape. Living species are mostly divided between the two families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, with members of the Braconidae having the second recurrent vein present in the fore wing, cell R in the hind wing shorter than the submarginal vein or absent, and metasomal tergites 3 and 4 rigidly joined.

Basal subfamilies within the Braconidae are ectoparasitic as larvae, with subfamilies from Rogadinae down in the tree below being endoparasitic. A number of basal braconid subfamilies (e.g. Rhyssalinae, Histeromerinae and Doryctinae) include parasites of beetles, and these may be the ancestral hosts for the family. However, the relatively small, little-known braconids of the Rhyssalinae may also parasitise Lepidoptera or Diptera (Achterberg 1993). Histeromerus is a small, rarely collected genus characterised by a very short face, with the head being nearly prognathous (Achterberg 1993). The Apozyginae are another small subfamily, known only from Chile, which retain certain wing veins usually absent in other braconids (2m-cu in the forewing and 2-CU in the hind wing), and have the second and third metasomal sternites fused into a single plate (Achterberg 1993). The cosmopolitan Hormiinae, which are idiobiont ectoparasites of Lepidoptera larvae, have the second and third tergites of the metasoma more or less membranous dorsally, generally less sclerotised than the flanking epipleura (Achterberg 1993).

<==Ichneumonoidea [Ichneumonides]
    |  i. s.: Cedria paradoxa A71
    |--Praeichneumon [Praeichneumonidae] GE05
    |    `--P. townesi RJ93
    `--+--Ichneumonidae GE05
       `--+--Eoichneumon Jell & Duncan 1986 H02 [Eoichneumonidae GE05]
          |    `--E. duncanae Jell & Duncan 1986 RJ93
          `--Braconidae [Anomalidae, Branconidae] GE05
               |  i. s.: Heterospilus BM76
               |           |--H. microstigmi BM76
               |           `--H. prosopidis N57
               |         Acampsohelconinae A02
               |           |--Urosigalphini A02
               |           |--Afrocampsis van Achterberg & Quicke 1990 [Afrocampsini] A02
               |           |    `--A. griseosetosus A02
               |           `--Acampsohelcon Tobias 1987 [Acampsohelconini] A02
               |                `--A. rasnitzini Tobias 1987 A02
               |         Pambolinae A93
               |           |--Notiopambolus depressicauda A93
               |           `--Pambolus biglumis A93
               |         Pseudobathystomus (Atlantobathystomus Belokobylskij & Koponen 2004) F05
               |           `--P. (*A.) macaronesius Belokobylskij & Koponen 2004 F05
               |         Microdus tumidulus MS01
               |         Phaenocarpa jaculans MS01
               |         Coelinius MS01
               |           |--C. gracilis MS01
               |           `--C. niger MS01
               |         Chaenon anceps MS01
               |         Wroughtonia ligator HR11
               |         Diaeretus essigellae PK17
               |         Rhetinorhyssalus morticinus PK17
               |         Fushunobracon Hong 2002 H02
               |           `--*F. orientalis Hong 2002 H02
               |         Sinobracon Hong 1974 H02
               |           `--*S. speciosus Hong 1974 H02
               |         Eobraconus inopinatus RJ93
               |         Promicrogaster D96
               |--Rhyssalinae A93
               |    |--Oncophanes [Oncophanini] A93
               |    |    `--O. minutus A93
               |    |--Acrisis [Acrisidini] A93
               |    |    `--A. minutissimus A93
               |    `--Rhyssalini A93
               |         |--Dolopsidea indagator A93
               |         `--Rhyssalus A93
               |              |--R. clavator A93
               |              `--R. kerzhneri A93
               `--+--Histeromerus [Histeromerinae] A93
                  |    |--H. canadensis A93
                  |    `--H. mystacinus A93
                  `--+--Doryctinae A93
                     `--+--Apozyx [Apozygidae, Apozyginae] A93
                        |    `--A. penyai A93
                        `--+--+--Hormiinae [Hormiini] A93
                           |  |    |--Hormius romani A93
                           |  |    `--Pseudohormius turkmenus A93
                           |  `--Lysiterminae A93
                           |       |--Pentatermini A93
                           |       `--Acanthormius [Lysitermini] A93
                           |            `--A. sumatrensis A93
                           `--+--Exothecinae A93
                              |    |--Rhysipolis [Rhysipolini] A93
                              |    |    |--R. hariolator A93
                              |    |    `--R. meditator A93
                              |    `--Exothecini A93
                              |         |--Xenarcha abnormis A93
                              |         `--Colastes A93
                              |              |--C. braconius A93
                              |              `--C. hariolator MS01
                              `--+--+--Vaepellis [Vaepellinae] A93
                                 |  |    `--V. varica A93
                                 |  `--+--Braconinae A93
                                 |     `--Telengaia [Telengaiinae] A93
                                 |          `--T. ventralis A93
                                 `--+--+--Rogadinae A93
                                    |  `--+--Betylobraconinae A93
                                    |     |    |--Mesocentrus crassipes A93
                                    |     |    `--Betylobracon waterhousei A93
                                    |     `--Mesostoa [Mesostoinae] A93
                                    |          |--M. compressa A93
                                    |          `--M. kerri A93
                                    `--+--+--Gnamptodon [Gnamptodontinae] A93
                                       |  |    |--G. molestus A93
                                       |  |    `--G. pumilio A93
                                       |  `--+--Opiinae A93
                                       |     `--Alysiinae A93
                                       `--+--Aphidiinae A93
                                          `--+--+--+--Ichneutinae A93
                                             |  |  `--Dirrhope [Dirrhopinae] A93
                                             |  |       `--D. rufa A93
                                             |  `--+--Ecnomios [Ecnomiinae] A93
                                             |     |    `--E. papuensis A93
                                             |     `--+--Cheloninae A93
                                             |        `--Adeliinae A93
                                             |             |--Adelius A93
                                             |             `--Paradelius ghesquierei A93
                                             `--+--+--Amicrocentrum [Amicrocentrinae] A93
                                                |  |    `--A. concolor A93
                                                |  `--+--Macrocentrinae A93
                                                |     `--Charmon [Charmontinae] A93
                                                |          `--C. cruentatus A93
                                                `--+--Orgilinae A93
                                                   `--+--+--Agathidinae A93
                                                      |  `--Pselaphanus [Pselaphaninae] A93
                                                      |       `--P. trogoides A93
                                                      `--+--Microtypinae A93
                                                         |    |--Microtypus wesmaelii A93
                                                         |    `--Neomicrotypus penai A93
                                                         `--+--+--Helconinae A93
                                                            |  `--Cenocoeliinae A93
                                                            |       |--Capitonius bifasciatus A93
                                                            |       `--Cenocoelius PS05
                                                            |            |--C. analis A93
                                                            |            `--C. huggerti Pitz & Sharkey 2005 PS05
                                                            `--+--+--Meteorideinae A93
                                                               |  |    |--Pronkia [Pronkiini] A93
                                                               |  |    |    `--P. antefurcalis A93
                                                               |  |    `--Meteoridea [Meteorideini] A93
                                                               |  |         `--M. hutsoni A93
                                                               |  `--Blacinae A93
                                                               |       |  i. s.: Eubadizion A71
                                                               |       |--Dyscoletini A93
                                                               |       |    |--Dyscoletes canadensis A93
                                                               |       |    `--Hellenius semiruber A93
                                                               |       `--Blacini A93
                                                               |            |--Blacus fuscitibialis A93
                                                               |            `--Blacometeorus brevicauda A93
                                                               `--+--+--Sigalphinae A93
                                                                  |  `--Trachypetinae A93
                                                                  |       |--Cercobarcon (see below for synonymy) A93
                                                                  |       |    `--C. rieki A93
                                                                  |       `--Trachypetus [Trachypetini] A93
                                                                  |            `--T. clavatus A93
                                                                  `--+--Euphorinae A93
                                                                     `--+--Xiphozele [Xiphozelinae] A93
                                                                        |    `--X. compressiventris A93
                                                                        `--Homolobinae A93
                                                                             |--Westwoodiella [Westwoodiellini] A93
                                                                             |    `--W. bicolor A93
                                                                             `--Homolobus [Homolobini] A93
                                                                                  |--H. huddlestoni A93
                                                                                  `--H. infumator A93

Cercobarcon [Cercobarconinae, Cercobarconini] A93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A93] Achterberg, C. van. 1993. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen 283: 1–189.

[A02] Achterberg, C. van. 2002. Revision of the genus Canalicephalus Gibson and the recognition of the Acampsohelconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as extant. Zoologische Mededelingen 76 (20): 347–370.

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[D96] Davis, D. R. 1996. Neotropical Tineidae, VI: Prosetomorpha falcata, a new genus and species of Setomorphinae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) from Colombia associated with curculionid galleries in stems of Solanum. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 173–187.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[HR11] Heraty, J., F. Ronquist, J. M. Carpenter, D. Hawks, S. Schulmeister, A. P. Dowling, D. Murray, J. Munro, W. C. Wheeler, N. Schiff & M. Sharkey. 2011. Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 73–88.

[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[N57] Nicholson, A. J. 1957. The self-adjustment of populations to change. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22: 153–172.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[PS05] Pitz, K. M., & M. J. Sharkey. 2005. Cenocoelius huggerti, the first record of the subfamily Cenocoeliinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Africa. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14 (1): 92–95.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

Ichneumonini

Ichneumon extensorius, copyright James K. Lindsey.

Belongs within: Ichneumonidae.

The Ichneumonini is a diverse but poorly defined group of generalised Ichneumoninae mostly parasitic on large Lepidoptera (Gauld 1984).

<==Ichneumonini [Acanthojoppini, Joppini] NI11
    |--Stirexephanes melanarius Cameron 1912 NI11
    |--Crytea G84
    |--Chiaglas longicornis Cameron 1903 [=Stenichneumon longicornis; incl. C. tinctipennis Cameron 1903] NI11
    |--Hytophatnus lineatus Cameron 1907 NI11
    |--Stenaoplus ornatitarsis (Cameron 1904) (see below for synonymy) NI11
    |--Aculicoxa Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*A. striata Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Algathia Cameron 1902 G84
    |    `--*A. maculiceps G84
    |--Longichneumon Heinrich 1934 G84
    |    `--*L. annaelisae G84
    |--Phaeneumon Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*P. phoenix Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Setanta Cameron 1901 G84
    |    `--*S. rufipes G84
    |--Uloola Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*U. brevis Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Barichneumonites Heinrich 1934 G84
    |    |--*B. sphaeriscutellatus G84
    |    `--B. australasiae G84
    |--Lissosculpta Heinrich 1934 G84
    |    |--*L. impexa [=Ichneumon impexus] G84
    |    `--L. basalis G84
    |--Eutanyacra Cameron 1903 G84
    |    |--*E. pallidicoxis G84
    |    `--E. licitatorius [=Ichneumon licitatorius] G84
    |--Tricholabus Thomson 1894 [incl. Epiopelmidea Viereck 1913, Otohimea Uchida 1926] G84
    |    |--*T. femoralis G84
    |    |--‘*Epiopelmidea’ erythrogaster G84
    |    `--‘*Otohimea’ nigra G84
    |--Losgna NI11
    |    |--L. cariniscutis (Cameron 1905) [=Agarenes cariniscutis] NI11
    |    `--L. nigrita NI11
    |         |--L. n. nigrita NI11
    |         `--L. n. maculate Heinrich 1965 NI11
    |--Ctenochares Foerster 1869 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--C. bicolorus (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--‘*Stenophorus’ amoenus G84
    |    |--‘Hoplismenus’ fulvidus [incl. *Talimeda pallidiceps] G84
    |    |--‘*Anisojoppa’ lutea G84
    |    `--‘*Henicophatnus’ rufithorax [incl. *Celmis blanditus] G84
    |--Gavrana Cameron 1906 [incl. Rossitera Cheesman 1953] G84
    |    |--*G. maculipes G84
    |    |--G. conica Gauld 1984 G84
    |    |--‘Ichneumon’ ischioleucus [=Levansa ischioleuca] G84
    |    |--‘Cryptus’ tiphiipuppis [=*Rossitera tiphiipuppis] G84
    |    `--G. spinosa Gauld 1984 G84
    `--Ichneumon Linnaeus 1758 (see below for synonymy) G84
         |--*I. extensorius Linnaeus 1758 G84, L58
         |--I. abbreviatus L02
         |--I. albiger PK17
         |--I. annulicornis Szépligeti in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
         |--I. aphidum Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. appendigaster Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. ariolator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. assectator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. camelus Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. caudator Fabricius 1775 G84
         |--I. cerinthius P93
         |--I. circumflexus Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. coccorum Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. compressus [=Banchus compressus] L02
         |--I. compunctor Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. constrictorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. coronatus [=Stephanus coronatus] L02
         |--I. coruscator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. crispatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. culpatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. cultriformis L02
         |--I. cyniphidis Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. deliratorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. delusor Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. denigrator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. deprimator L02
         |--I. desertor Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. designatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. dubitator L02
         |--I. edictorius linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. elongator L02
         |--I. enervator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. exarator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. extensor Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. flavator L02
         |--I. flavomaculatus Lucas 1849 E12
         |--‘*Coreojoppa flavomaculata’ Uchida 1926 non Ichneumon flavomaculatus Lucas 1849 G84
         |--I. formicarius L02
         |--I. fossorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. glaucopterus Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. globatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. glomeratus Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. hemipteron Riche 1802 R02
         |--I. incubitor Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. inculcator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. insidiosus P93
         |--I. jaculator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. juniperi Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. juvencus Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. latrator [incl. *Brachypterus means, *Pterocormus means] G84
         |--I. lotatorius [incl. *Colobacis forticornis] G84
         |--I. luctatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. mandator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. manifestator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. migrator L02
         |--I. moderator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. muscarum Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. nominator L02
         |--I. nunciator L02
         |--I. ovulorum Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. pendulator Latreille 1800 L00
         |--I. peregrinator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. perturbator L02
         |--I. pisorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. praerogator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. primatorius [incl. *Matsumuraius grandis] G84
         |--I. profligator L02
         |--I. promissorius G84 (see below for synonymy)
         |--I. pugillator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. pugillator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. quadrialbatus MS01
         |--I. raptorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. reluctator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. resinellae Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. rubrocinctus Lucas 1849 E12
         |--‘*Tyanites’ rufipes [incl. *Vabsaris forticornis] G84
         |--I. ruspator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. sarcitorius Linnaeus 1758 L58 [=*Euichneumon sarcitorius G84]
         |--I. saturatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. secalis Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. serrator L02
         |--I. sessilis [=Evania sessilis] L02
         |--I. spectrum Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. strobilellae Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. subcutaneus Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. sugillatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. titillator Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. tuberosus [incl. *Bureschias balcanicus] G84
         |--I. turionellae Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. urinator L02
         |--I. vaginatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58
         |--I. varius [=Banchus varius] L02
         |--I. venator Linnaeus 1758 L58 [=Banchus venator L02]
         |--I. vesparum Rossi 1793 R93
         |--I. vespoides L02
         `--I. volutatorius Linnaeus 1758 L58

Ctenochares Foerster 1869 [=Joppites Berthoumieu 1894, Joppoides Berthoumieu 1904; incl. Anisojoppa Cameron 1906, Celmis Tosquinet 1896, Henicophatnus Kriechbaumer 1894, Pseudojoppa Kriechbaumer 1898, Stenophorus Saussure 1892, Talimeda Cameron 1912] G84

Ctenochares bicolorus [=Ichneumon bicolorus; incl. C. apicalis, I. instructor, *Pseudojoppa instructor, Ctenochares rufator, Ichneumon xanthomelas, *C. xanthomelas, *Joppites xanthomelas, *Joppoides xanthomelas] G84

Ichneumon Linnaeus 1758 [incl. Brachypterus Gravenhorst 1829 non Kugelman 1794, Bureschias Heinrich 1936, Colobacis Cameron 1900, Coreojoppa Uchida 1926, Euichneumon Berthoumieu 1904, Matsumuraius Ashmead 1906, Pterocormus Foerster 1850, Tyanites Cameron 1903, Vabsaris Cameron 1903] G84

Ichneumon promissorius G84 [=Pterocormus promissorius F02; incl. I. albocinctus G84, I. australis G84, I. leucaniae G84, I. varilineatus G84]

Stenaoplus ornatitarsis (Cameron 1904) [=Hemiteles ornatitarsis; incl. H. caducus Schulz 1906, H. geniculatus Cameron 1904 non Thomson 1884] NI11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[F02] Foord, M. 2002. Entomological Society conference field trip 2002. Weta 24: 37–38.

[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).

[L00] Latreille, P. A. 1800. Sur une nouvelle espèce d'ichneumon. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 2 (42): 138.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[NI11] Norhafiza, A. F., & A. B. Idris. 2011. A catalogue of Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Malaysia. Serangga 16 (1): 29–50.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.

[R02] Riche, M. 1802. Description de l'Ichneumon-Hemipteron, espèce nouvelle. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 1 (Bulletin de la Société Philomathique, a ses correspondans): 1'.

[R93] Rossi, M. 1793. Observations de M. Rossi sur un nouveau genre d'insecte, voisin des ichneumons. Bulletin de la Société Philomatique, a ses Correspondans 23–24: 1.

Glyptini

Female Glypta, copyright Tom Murray.

Belongs within: Ichneumonidae.

The Glyptini are a group of ichneumon wasps characterised by the presence of distinct oblique impressions on the second abdominal tergite; further impressions may also be present on the third and fourth tergites (Gauld 1984).

Characters (from Gauld 1984): Mandible simply bidentate, upper tooth not or only slightly broader than lower; propodeum usually with anterior transverse carina present, posterior transverse carina present or more usually weak; hind wing with cu-a at most 1.5 times as long as first abscissa of Cu₁; tergite 2 and often also 3 with weak to strong oblique impressions.

<==Glyptini G84
    |--Levibasis G84
    |--Apophua Morley 1913 G84
    |    `--*A. carinata G84
    |--Australoglypta Gauld 1977 G84
    |    `--*A. latrobei G84
    `--Glypta Gravenhorst 1829 (see below for synonymy) G84
         |--*G. sculpturata G84
         |--G. bicornis [=*Diblastomorpha bicornis] G84
         |--‘Pimpla’ ceratites [=*Conoblasta ceratites] G84
         |--G. erythrogaster Lucas 1849 E12
         |--‘Conoblasta’ fronticornis MS01
         |--‘*Hemiephialtes’ glyptus G84
         |--G. mensurator MS01
         |--G. monstrosa [=G. (*Foveoglypta) monstrosa] G84
         `--G. rufiscutellaris G84

Glypta Gravenhorst 1829 [incl. Conoblasta Foerster 1869, Diblastomorpha Foerster 1869, Foveoglypta Hellén 1915, Hemiephialtes Ashmead 1906] G84

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

Atrophini

Lissonota sp., copyright Entomart.

Belongs within: Ichneumonidae.

The Atrophini are a group of endoparasitic ichneumon wasps with a reduced hypostoma (Gauld 1984).

Characters (from Gauld 1984): Mandible simply bidentate, upper tooth not or only slightly broader than lower; propodeum without carinae or with strong posterior transverse carina; hind wing with cu-a at most 1.5 times as long as first abscissa of Cu₁; tergites 2 and 3 smoothly convex, without trace of oblique impression.

<==Atrophini [Lissonotanini, Lissonotini] SNS07
    |--Atropha Kriechbaumer 1894 SNS07
    |--Panteles G84
    |--Stictolissonota G84
    |--Cryptopimpla G84
    |--Atropatopsis Sudheer & Narendran in Sudheer, Narendran & Saji 2007 SNS07
    |    `--*A. abudhabiensis Sudheer & Narendran in Sudheer, Narendran & Saji 2007 SNS07
    |--Amphirhachis Townes 1970 G84
    |    `--*A. nigra G84
    |--Shortia Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*S. siccula Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Tossinola Viktorov 1958 G84
    |    `--*T. pulchra G84
    |--Spilopimpla Cameron 1904 [incl. Afronyx Benoit 1953] G84
    |    |--*S. rufithorax G84
    |    `--‘*Afronyx’ spinata G84
    |--Leptobatopsis Ashmead 1900 SNS07 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--L. indica (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--L. caudator G84
    |    |--L. mesominiata G84
    |    |--‘*Megacremastus’ mongolicus G84
    |    `--‘*Sauterellus’ planiscutellus G84
    |--Syzeuctus Foerster 1869 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*S. maculatorius [=Ichneumon maculatorius] G84
    |    |--‘*Ephialtina’ apicalis G84
    |    |--‘Pimpla’ bicornis [=*Diceratops bicornis] G84
    |    |--S. conformis G84
    |    |--S. galbinus G84
    |    |--S. hyalinipennis Szépligeti in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |    |--‘*Paratanera’ indica G84
    |    |--S. insolens G84
    |    |--‘*Leptoglyphis’ minasensis G84
    |    |--‘*Rhynchotrevoria’ rostrata G84
    |    |--S. speciosus G84
    |    |--S. tanycorpus G84
    |    `--‘*Meyva’ villosa G84
    `--Lissonota Gravenhorst 1829 (see below for synonymy) G84
         |--*L. setosa [=Ichneumon setosus, *Asynida setosa, *Lampronota setosa] G84
         |--L. adornata G84
         |--‘*Ctenopimpla’ albomaculata [=*Adelopimpla albomaculata] G84
         |--L. anomala G84
         |--L. aurantia G84
         |--L. bella G84
         |--L. clypealis [=*Lophantium clypeale] G84
         |--L. conflagrata [=*Echthrodoca conflagrata] G84
         |--‘Ichneumon’ coracina [incl. *Pimplopterus alaskensis] G84
         |--L. dubia [=*Ensimus dubius; incl. *Gibbonota duplanae] G84
         |--L. flavipes Lucas 1849 E12
         |--‘Ichneumon’ fundator [incl. Lissonota sulphurifera, *Stilbonota sulphurifera] G84
         |--L. genalis [incl. *Harrimaniella yukakensis] G84
         |--L. gibboclypeata G84
         |--L. granulata G84
         |--L. lateralis MS01
         |--‘Ichneumon’ lineolaris (see below for synonymy) G84
         |--L. macqueeni G84
         |--‘*Stilbopoides’ maculiventris G84
         |--L. manca [=*Anarthronota manca] G84
         |--L. nigroscutellata G84
         |--‘*Lissonotoides’ pectinatus G84
         |--L. rubida G84
         |--L. rugosa G84
         |--L. spilostethus [incl. *Opisorhyssa flavopicta] G84
         `--‘*Campocineta’ varicornis G84

‘Ichneumon’ lineolaris [incl. I. catenator, *Amersibia catenator, *Bathycetes catenator, *Bothynophrys catenator, *Meniscus catenator] G84

Leptobatopsis Ashmead 1900 SNS07 [incl. Megacremastus Meyer 1932 G84, Sauterellus Enderlein 1912 G84, Tanera Cameron 1905 G84]

Leptobatopsis indica [=Cryptus indicus; incl. L. albovaria, *Tanera annulipes, L. apicalis, *L. australiensis, L. clypearia, L. javanicus] G84

Lissonota Gravenhorst 1829 [=Asynida Gistel 1848, Lampronota Curtis 1832; incl. Adelopimpla Schulz 1906, Amersibia Foerster 1869, Anarthronota Schmiedeknecht 1900, Bathycetes Foerster 1869, Bothynophrys Foerster 1869, Campocineta Schmiedeknecht 1900, Ctenopimpla Cameron 1899 non Kriechbaumer 1898, Echthrodoca Schmiedeknecht 1900, Ensimus Foerster 1869 non Thomson 1859, Gibbonota Heinrich 1937, Harrimaniella Ashmead 1900, Lissonotoides Benoit 1955, Lophantium Clément 1925, Meniscus Schiødte 1839, Opisorhyssa Kriechbaumer 1890, Pimplopterus Ashmead 1900, Stilbonota Stephens 1835, Stilbopoides Rohwer 1913] G84

Syzeuctus Foerster 1869 [=Syzeucta Thomson 1889; incl. Diceratops Foerster 1869, Ephialtina Szépligeti 1908, Leptoglyphis Brèthes 1927, Meyva Cameron 1899, Paratanera Rao 1953, Rhynchotrevoria Cameron 1906] G84

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[SNS07] Sudheer, K., T. C. Narendran & A. Saji. 2007. Taxonomy of a new ichneumonid genus from the Middle East (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 87 (2): 185–188.

Campoplegini

Male Diadegma insularis, copyright Andrei Sourakov.

Belongs within: Ichneumonidae.

The Campoplegini are a group of ichneumon wasps that are solitary endoparasites of holometabolous insect larvae, mostly Lepidoptera (Gauld 1984).

Characters (from Gauld 1984): Small to moderately large, fore wing length 2–12 mm; head and body often granulate, weakly polished and usually predominantly black and red or black in colour, rarely polished and brighter coloured. Clypeus rather weakly separated from face by groove, with margin thin or blunt, usually weakly arcuate, less commonly truncate or with a vestige of a median apical tooth; mandible fairly evenly bidentate, often with a ventral flange; male flagellum without tyloids. Sternaulus absent or short; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum usually complete; propodeum usually with some carinae, often with areae superomedia and petiolaris confluent, forming a long, somewhat inverted U- or V-shaped area, sometimes with carinae reduced and/or with a median longitudinal furrow. Apical edge of fore tibia usually without a tooth on outer side; tarsal claws usually pectinate, sometimes simple, never lobate. Fore wing with 3r-m present or absent, when present enclosing a more or less rhombic or obliquely quadrangular areolet which is often petiolate above; hind wing with Rs from slightly longer than to shorter than r-m; distal abscissa of Cu1 usually absent or weak. First tergite of gaster long, usually more or less cylindrical, anteriorly with slender petiole, only slightly broadened posteriorly; petiolar spiracles far behind centre of tergite, with or without a glymma; gaster laterally compressed, at least in the posterior part of females and often very strongly so for its whole length; tergites 2-4 usually with very weak microsculpture, without coarse punctures, grooves or furrow (except for thyridia); ovipositor short to moderately long, when projecting beyond apex of gaster usually up-curved; apex of ovipositor always with a dorsal subapical notch, often without a nodus and with indistinct apical teeth.

<==Campoplegini [Macrini, Porizontini] G84
    |--Scenocharops G84
    |--Phobocampe G84
    |--Rhachioplex G84
    |--Kartika G84
    |--Urvashia G84
    |--Menaka G84
    |--Dusona G84
    |    |--*D. stramineipes G84
    |    `--D. egregia HR11
    |--Lemophagus G84
    |--Microcharops G84
    |--Porizon harpurus MS01
    |--Eucaphila Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*E. vulgaris Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Neolophron Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*N. canberrai Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Picacharops Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*P. brevithorax Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Slenda Gauld 1984 G84
    |    `--*S. ocypeta Gauld 1984 G84
    |--Sliochia Gauld 1976 G84
    |    `--*S. bala G84
    |--Melalophacharops Uchida 1928 [incl. Dichelobosmina Uchida 1928] G84
    |    |--*M. tamanukii G84
    |    `--‘Charops’ papilionis [incl. *Dichelobosmina tuberculata] G84
    |--Nepiera Foerster 1869 [incl. Asinamora Foerster 1869] G84
    |    |--‘Ichneumon’ collector [=*Asinamora collector; incl. Limneria concinna, *Nepiera concinna] G84
    |    `--N. sidnica G84
    |--Xanthocampoplex Morley 1913 G84
    |    |--‘Zachresta’ nigromaculata [incl. *Xanthocampoplex orientalis Morley 1913] G84
    |    `--X. luteus G84 [incl. X. regis Girault 1925 G84, G25]
    |--Enytus Cameron 1905 [incl. Dioctes Foerster 1869 non Ménétriés 1849, Inareolata Ellinger & Sachtleben 1928] G84
    |    |--*E. maculipes G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ exareolatus [=*Dioctes exareolatus, *Inareolata exareolata] G84
    |    `--‘Bosmina’ rapi [=Dioctes rapi] G33
    |--Sinophorus Foerster 1869 [incl. Campopletidea Viereck 1912, Eulimneria Schmiedeknecht 1907] G84
    |    |--*S. canarsiae [=Limneria canarsiae] G84
    |    |--‘Ichneumon’ albidus [=*Eulimneria albida] G84
    |    `--‘Campoplex’ caradrinae [=*Campopletidea caradrinae] G84
    |--Cymodusa G84
    |    |--C. cruentata MS01
    |    |--C. elegans Szépligeti in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |    |--C. leucocera MS01
    |    `--C. pulchricornis Szépligeti in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |--Charops Holmgren 1859 [incl. Gongropelma Enderlein 1921, Zacharops Viereck 1912] G84
    |    |--‘Ichneumon’ cantator [incl. Campoplex decipiens, *Charops decipiens] G84
    |    |--C. annulipes [=*Zacharops annulipes] G84
    |    |--‘Agrypon’ bicolor [incl. *Gongropelma formosanum] G84
    |    `--C. pulchripes G84
    |--Campoletis Foerster 1869 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*C. tibiator [=Mesoleptus tibiator] G84
    |    |--‘Ichneumon’ dilatator [incl. Campoplex declinator, *Sagaritis declinator, *Sagaritopsis declinator] G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ rapax [=*Anilastus rapax] G84
    |    |--C. tasmaniensis G84
    |    `--‘Campoplex’ viennensis [=*Echphora viennensis, *Ecphoropsis viennensis] G84
    |--Venturia Schrottky 1902 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*V. argentina G84
    |    |--‘*Balcarcia’ bergi G84
    |    |--V. canescens G84 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--‘*Devorgilla’ dilatata G84
    |    `--‘*Notamorphota’ timocraticae G84
    |--Hyposoter Foerster 1869 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*H. parorgyiae [=Limnerium parorgyiae] G84
    |    |--H. bombycivorus G84
    |    |--H. didymator P93
    |    |--‘Banchus’ fugitivus [=*Ameloctonus fugitivus] G84
    |    |--‘*Neozachresta’ havrylenkoi G84
    |    |--‘*Rhythmonotus’ singularis G84
    |    `--‘*Ischnoscopus’ synchlorae G84
    |--Olesicampe Förster 1869 G84 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--*O. longipes [=Ichneumon longipes, *Limneria longipes, *Limnerium longipes] G84
    |    |--‘Limneria’ albida MS01
    |    |--O. benefactor Hinz 1969 HP-W05
    |    |--‘Limneria’ cothurnata [=*Holocremnus cothurnatus] G84
    |    |--‘Limneria’ fuscicarpa MS01
    |    |--O. geniculata Quednau & Lim 1983 HP-W05
    |    |--‘*Omoborus’ kincaidi G84
    |    |--‘*Zaplatystoma’ typicum G84
    |    `--O. vexata (Holmgren 1860) HP-W05
    |--Campoplex Gravenhorst 1829 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*C. difformis [=Ichneumon difformis; incl. Limneria mutabilis, *Omorgus mutabilis] G84
    |    |--‘Tranosema’ bicolor [=*Zatranosema bicolor] G84
    |    |--‘Porizon’ borealis [=*Dioratica borealis] G84
    |    |--C. calamae G84
    |    |--C. circumpectus MS01
    |    |--‘Omorga’ difformis MS01
    |    |--C. dubiosus MS01
    |    |--C. melampus MS01
    |    |--‘Mesoleptus’ porrectus [=*Pseuderipternoides porrectus] G84
    |    `--‘Omorga’ unicincta Szépligeti in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |--Eriborus Foerster 1869 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*E. perfidus [=Campoplex perfidus] G84
    |    |--E. argenteopilosus G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ dorsalis [=*Zaporus dorsalis] G84
    |    |--E. iavilai G84
    |    |--E. molestae G84
    |    |--‘*Neobosmina’ pilosella G84
    |    |--E. sinicus G84
    |    |--‘*Bosmina’ spinipes [=*Hymenobosmina spinipes] G84
    |    |--E. terebrans G84
    |    `--E. trochanteratus G84
    |--Delopia Cameron 1903 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*D. cariniscutis G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ americana [=*Pseudocasinaria americana] G84
    |    |--D. extranea [=Dusona extranea] G84
    |    |--‘*Zachrestinus’ fractocristatus G84
    |    |--D. negata [=Dusona negata] G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ oxyacanthae [=*Campoplegidea oxyacanthae] G84
    |    |--‘*Neodelopia’ pauliani G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ photomorphus [=*Idiosomidea photomorpha] G84
    |    |--‘*Thymarimorpha’ platygastra G84
    |    |--D. pyratanes G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ villosus [=*Anisitsia villosa, *Viereckiana villosa] G84
    |    `--D. wilsoni [=Dusona wilsoni] G84
    |--Casinaria Holmgren 1859 (see below for synonymy) G84
    |    |--*C. tenuiventris [=Campoplex tenuiventris, *Campotrephus tenuiventris, *Horogenes tenuiventris] G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ genuinus [=*Neonortonia genuina] G84
    |    |--‘*Zastenogastra’ graciliventris G84
    |    |--C. grandis [incl. Campoplex texanus, *Fiebrigia texana] G84
    |    |--‘*Deltops’ granulicoxis G84
    |    |--‘Limneria’ infesta [incl. *Anempheres diaphaniae] G84
    |    |--‘*Zastenomorpha’ lamina G84
    |    |--‘Limneria’ limentidis [incl. *Amorphota orgyiae] G84
    |    |--‘*Nothanomaloides’ matsuyamensis [=*Longicharops matsuyamensis] G84
    |    |--C. meridionalis G84
    |    |--‘Campoplex’ mesozostus [=*Trophocampa mesozosta] G84
    |    |--C. monticola [=*Casinariodes monticola] G84
    |    |--‘*Nothanomalon’ novoguineensis G84
    |    |--‘*Neonortoniella’ plusiae G84
    |    `--C. scabra MS01
    `--Diadegma Foerster 1859 (see below for synonymy) G84
         |--*D. crassicornis [=Campoplex crassicornis] G84
         |--D. chrysostictus A71
         |--D. eucerophaga G84
         |--D. fenestralis G84
         |--‘*Angitia’ glabricula G84
         |--‘*Areolina’ imbecilla G84
         |--D. insularis G84
         |--‘Angitia’ latungula [=*Pectinella latungula] G84
         |--D. muelleri B88
         |--‘*Neoarthula’ piersae G84
         |--D. plutellae G84
         |--D. rapi G84
         |--‘*Nothanomaloides’ stenosomus G84
         |--D. tibialis G84
         `--D. varuna G84

Campoletis Foerster 1869 [incl. Anilasta Thomson 1887, Anilastus Foerster 1869, Echphora Foerster 1869 non Conrad 1843, Ecphoropsis Ashmead 1900, Sagaritis Holmgren 1859 non Billberg 1820, Sagaritopsis Hincks 1944] G84

Campoplex Gravenhorst 1829 [incl. Dioratica Foerster 1869, Omorga Thomson 1887, Omorgus Foerster 1869 non Erichson 1847, Pseuderipternoides Viereck 1917, Zatranosema Viereck 1912] G84

Casinaria Holmgren 1859 [=Campotrephus Foerster 1869, Horogenes Foerster 1869; incl. Amorphota Foerster 1869, Anempheres Foerster 1869, Casinariodes Aubert 1960, Deltops Seyrig 1935, Fiebrigia Viereck 1912, Longicharops Uchida 1940, Neonortonia Viereck 1912, Neonortoniella Blanchard 1947, Nothanomaloides Uchida 1928 non Viereck 1925, Nothanomalon Szépligeti 1905, Trophocampa Schmiedeknecht 1907, Zastenogastra Viereck 1925, Zastenomorpha Viereck 1921] G84

Delopia Cameron 1903 [incl. Anisitsia Viereck 1912 non Eigermann 1903, Campoplegidea Viereck 1912, Idiosomidea Viereck 1925, Neodelopia Benoit 1957, Pseudocasinaria Viereck 1912, Thymarimorpha Viereck 1913, Viereckiana Strand 1914, Zachrestinus Enderlein 1921] G84

Diadegma Foerster 1859 [incl. Angitia Holmgren 1859 non Walker 1858, Areolina Enderlein 1921, Neoarthula Rao 1953, Nothanomaloides Viereck 1925, Pectinella Morley 1915 non Verrill 1897] G84

Eriborus Foerster 1869 [incl. Bosmina Cameron 1899 non Baird 1845, Hymenobosmina Dalla Torre 1901, Neobosmina Cameron 1906, Zaporus Foerster 1869] G84

Hyposoter Foerster 1869 [incl. Ameloctonus Foerster 1869, Ischnoscopus Foerster 1869, Neozachresta Havrylenko & Winterhalter 1949, Rhythmonotus Foerster 1869] G84

Olesicampe Förster 1869 G84 [=Limneria Holmgren 1859 non Adams 1851 G84, Limnerium Ashmead 1900 G84, Olesicampa Thomson 1887 G84; incl. Holocremna Thomson 1887 G84, Holocremnus Foerster 1869 G84, Omoborus Foerster 1869 G84, Zaplatystoma Viereck 1925 G84]

Venturia Schrottky 1902 [incl. Balcarcia Brèthes 1922, Devorgilla Cameron 1907, Exidechthis Walkley 1958, Idechthis Foerster 1869 non Hübner 1821, Notamorphota Blanchard 1947] G84

Venturia canescens G84 [=Devorgilla canescens A71, Nemeritis canescens A71; incl. V. australicus G84, V. christianae G84, V. ephestia G84, V. insularis G84, *Idechthis oahuensis G84, *Exidechthis oahuensis]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. An essay on when a fly is lovable, the ceremony of baptizing some and unlovely hate. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 187–190).

[G33] Girault, A. A. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299–303).

[HP-W05] Heitland, W., & H. Pschorn-Walcher. 2005. Biology and parasitoids of the peculiar alder sawfly, Platycampus luridiventris (Fallen) (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 215–231.

[HR11] Heraty, J., F. Ronquist, J. M. Carpenter, D. Hawks, S. Schulmeister, A. P. Dowling, D. Murray, J. Munro, W. C. Wheeler, N. Schiff & M. Sharkey. 2011. Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 73–88.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.