Rhombognathus

Rhombognathus magnirostris magnirostris, from the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Halacaridae.

Rhombognathus is a genus of halacarid mites with minute palpi and two setae each on the ocular plates (Luxton 1990).

Characters (from Luxton 1990): Dorsal plates well developed; ventral plates often fused; ocular plates each with two setae; genital opening of female ventral; legs bidactylous; sclerite between end of leg and base of claws rod-like.

<==Rhombognathus Trouessart 1888 [incl. Aletes Lohmann 1889 nec Rafinesque 1815 nec Carpenter 1857 nec Chapuis 1874] N47
    |--*R. notops (Gosse 1855) (see below for synonymy) N47
    |--R. apsteini Lohmann 1907 N47
    |--R. biscutatus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. caribaeus Bartsch 2007 B07
    |--R. foveolatus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. fractus Bartsch 1979 L90
    |--R. gressitti Newell 1967 [incl. R. magnirostris var. lionyx Trouessart 1914] SL71
    |--R. intermedius Schulz 1933 N47
    |--R. lacunosus Bartsch 1979 L90
    |--R. latens Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. latibulus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. lepidus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. leurodactylus WL09
    |--R. levigatoides DPD16
    |--R. magnirostris Trouessart 1889 B07 [=R. magnipalpus (l. c.) N47]
    |    |--R. m. magnirostris N47
    |    |--R. m. plumifer Trouessart 1889 N47
    |    `--R. m. praegracilis Viets 1939 N47
    |--R. marginalis Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. novaezelandicus Bartsch 1986 L90
    |--R. parvulus Viets 1939 N47
    |--R. pectinatus Viets 1936 B07
    |--R. peltatus Viets 1939 B07
    |--R. placidus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. psammophilus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. pseudolionyx Newell & André 1959 B07
    |--R. reticulatus WL09
    |--R. scutulatus Bartsch 1983 H98
    |--R. sphaerorhynchus Police 1909 N47
    |--R. spinipes Viets 1933 N47
    |--R. thalassinus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |--R. uniscutatus Viets 1939 N47
    `--R. validipes Bartsch 2000 B07

*Rhombognathus notops (Gosse 1855) [=Pachygnathus notops, *Aletes notops; incl. A. gracilis Lohmann 1889, Rhombognathus longirostris Lohmann 1889] N47

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B07] Bartsch, I. 2007. Rhombognathus from the Caribbean area, with the description of a new species (Arachnida, Acari, Halacaridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 87 (1): 17–22.

[DPD16] Dabert, M., H. Proctor & J. Dabert. 2016. Higher-level molecular phylogeny of the water mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 101: 75–90.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[L90] Luxton, M. 1990. The marine littoral mites of the New Zealand region. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20 (4): 367–418.

[N47] Newell, I. M. 1947. A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 10 (3): 1–232.

[SL71] Spain, A. V., & M. Luxton. 1971. Catalog and bibliography of the Acari of the New Zealand subregion. Pacific Insects Monograph 25: 179–226.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

Halacarus

Halacarus frontiporus, from the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Halacaridae.

Halacarus is a genus of halacarid mites in which genu I is subequal in length to the adjoining femur and tibia (Luxton 1990).

Characters (from Luxton 1990): Ocular and posterior dorsal plates may be reduced or absent; anterior epimeral plates not divided into two parts; five large dorsal pores often present; palps four-segmented, penultimate segment with a spiniform seta; genu I subequal in length to femur I and tibia I, genu I with one pair of spiniform setae and tibia I with two pairs.

<==Halacarus Gosse 1855 B05
    |--H. (Halacarus) N47
    |    |--*H. (H.) ctenopus Gosse 1855 N47
    |    |--H. (H.) actenos Trouessart 1889 N47
    |    |--H. (H.) anomalus Trouessart 1894 N47
    |    |--H. (H.) frontiporus Newell 1947 N47
    |    |--H. (H.) oblongus Lohmann 1893 N47
    |    `--H. (H.) subtilis Viets 1940 N47
    `--H. (Thalassarachna Packard 1871) (see below for synonymy) N47
         |--H. (*T.) basteri (Johnston 1836) (see below for synonymy) N47
         |    |--H. b. basteri M62
         |    `--H. b. affinis M62
         |--H. (T.) longipes (Trouessart 1888) (see below for synonymy) N47
         |--‘Thalassarachna’ lubricus (Bartsch 1984) [=Halacarellus lubricus] H98
         |--H. (T.) novus Lohmann 1908 SL71
         |--H. (T.) procerus Viets 1927 N47
         |--H. (T.) psammophilus Bartsch 1993 H98, WL09, H98 [=Thalassarachna psammophila WL09]
         `--‘Thalassarachna’ raphidochela WL09

Halacarus incertae sedis:
  H. abyssorum Trouessart 1896 T96
  H. arenarius Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. bisulcus Viets 1927 M62
  H. borealis Trouessart 1894 T05
  H. caudani Trouessart 1896 T96
  H. celatus Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. chevreuxi T96
  H. discophorus Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. fabricii T96
  H. flavellus Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. fuscatus Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. gracileunguiculatus Lohmann 1908 SL71
  H. gracilipes [incl. H. gracilipes var. quadricostatus Trouessart 1896] T96
  H. harioti Trouessart 1889 SL71
  H. helenae Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. humerosus M62
    |--H. h. humerosus M62
    `--H. h. graveolus Monniot 1962 M62
  H. longior Bartsch 1981 B05
  H. mitrellus Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. nitidus Bartsch 1979 L90
  H. parvulus Bartsch 1993 H98
  H. striatus T96

Halacarus (Thalassarachna Packard 1871) [incl. Leptopsalis Trouessart 1888 non Thorell 1882, Leptosalis (l. c.), Leptospathis Trouessart 1894] N47

Halacarus (*Thalassarachna) basteri (Johnston 1836) [=Acarus basteri, Bdella basteri, Halacarellus basteri; incl. H. spinifer Lohmann 1889, H. spiniger, Thalassarachna verrilli Packard 1871, Halacarus verrilli] N47

Halacarus (Thalassarachna) longipes (Trouessart 1888) [=*Leptopsalis longipes, Halacarellus longipes, *Leptospathis longipes; incl. Halacarus levipes Trouessart 1889, Halacarus murrayi Lohmann 1889] N47

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B05] Bartsch, I. 2005. Halacaridae from the depths of western Antarctica (Arachnida, Acari). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (1): 31–41.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[L90] Luxton, M. 1990. The marine littoral mites of the New Zealand region. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20 (4): 367–418.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[N47] Newell, I. M. 1947. A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 10 (3): 1–232.

[SL71] Spain, A. V., & M. Luxton. 1971. Catalog and bibliography of the Acari of the New Zealand subregion. Pacific Insects Monograph 25: 179–226.

[T05] Trägårdh, I. 1905. Monographie der arktischen Acariden. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 1–78. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[T96] Trouessart, E. 1896. Resultats scientifiques de la campagne du "Caudan" dans le Golfe de Gascogne: Halacariens. Annales de l'Universite de Lyon 26: 325–353, pls 9–11.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

Agauopsis

Agauopsis microrhyncha, from Lohmann (1893).

Belongs within: Halacaridae.

Agauopsis is a genus of halacarid mites in which the first pair of legs is armed with stout, peg-like setae (Luxton 1990).

Characters (from Luxton 1990): Female with three pairs of perigenital setae; moveable digits of chelicerae denticulate; palps four-segmented, penultimate segment with a spiniform seta; tibia I with unpaired spiniform setae, genu I shorter than femur I or tibia I.

<==Agauopsis Viets 1927 H98
    |--*A. brevipalpus (Trouessart 1889) [=Agaue brevipalpus, Agauopsis brevirostris (l. c.)] N47
    |    |--A. b. brevipalpus N47
    |    `--A. b. pontica (Cichkoff 1907) N47
    |--A. aequilivestita Bartsch 1996 H98
    |--A. australiensis Bartsch 1996 H98
    |--A. borealis Newell 1947 N47
    |--A. collaris Otto 1994 H98
    |--A. curvata WP99
    |--A. elaborata Bartsch 1996 H98
    |--A. filirostris WP99
    |--A. luxtoni Bartsch 1986 L90
    |--A. microrhyncha (Trouessart 1889) [=Agaue microrhyncha] H98
    |--A. mokari Otto 1994 H98
    |--A. novaezelandiae Bartsch 1986 L90
    |--A. ornatella Bartsch 1996 H98
    `--A. similis Bartsch 1979 H98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[L90] Luxton, M. 1990. The marine littoral mites of the New Zealand region. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20 (4): 367–418.

[N47] Newell, I. M. 1947. A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 10 (3): 1–232.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

Isobactrus

Dorsal view of Isobactrus uniscutatus, from Bartsch & Smit (2006).

Belongs within: Halacaridae.

Isobactrus is a cosmopolitan genus of marine halacarid mites with the ventral armature reduced and not forming a solid shield, and a club-like seta in front of the lateral disti-dorsal seta on tarsi I and II (Newell 1947).

Characters (from Newell 1947): Genital opening of female ventral in position, not guarded by opercula and surrounded by only three pairs of setae. Adults more heavily armoured than nymphs; all dorsal and ventral plates separate. Ventral plates greatly reduced, not forming a solid shield. Femur I greatly swollen, less than 1.5 times as long as high. Tarsi I and II each with a single club-like seta in front of lateral disti-dorsal seta. Two claws on all tarsi.

<==Isobactrus Newell 1947 AB07
    |--I. microdens AB07
    `--+--I. macquariensis AB07
       `--+--I. magnus (Lohmann 1907) AB07, N47 [=Rhombognathus magnus N47]
          `--+--I. calderensis AB07
             `--+--+--I. obesus AB07
                |  `--+--I. luxtoni AB07
                |     `--+--I. asper AB07
                |        `--+--I. ponapensis AB07
                |           `--+--I. australiensis AB07
                |              `--I. pacificus AB07
                `--+--I. peregrinus AB07
                   `--+--+--I. gryposetus AB07
                      |  |--+--I. hamatus AB07
                      |  |  `--I. levis (Viets 1927) AB07, N47 [=Rhombognathus levis N47]
                      |  `--+--I. hartmanni AB07
                      |     `--+--I. dentatus AB07
                      |        |--I. latistriatus AB07
                      |        `--I. tuberculatus AB07
                      `--+--I. ponticus AB07
                         `--+--I. rugosus AB07
                            `--+--I. uniscutatus AB07
                               `--+--I. cryptorhynchus (Trouessart 1901) AB07, N47 [=Rhombognathus cryptorhynchus N47]
                                  `--+--I. ungulatus AB07
                                     `--+--*I. setosus (Lohmann 1889) N47, AB07, N47 (see below for synonymy)
                                        |--I. hutchinsoni Newell 1947 AB07, N47
                                        `--I. pulchellus AB07

*Isobactrus setosus (Lohmann 1889) N47, AB07, N47 [=Aletes setosus N47, Rhombognathus setosus N47]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AB07] Abé, H., & I. Bartsch. 2007. Historical biogeography of the halacarid mite genus Isobactrus (Prostigmata, Halacaridae). In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 119–126. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[N47] Newell, I. M. 1947. A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 10 (3): 1–232.

Halacaridae

Female Soldanellonyx chappuisi, copyright Holger Müller.

Belongs within: Prostigmata.
Contains: Copidognathus, Isobactrus, Rhombognathus, Rhombognathides, Simognathus, Agauopsis, Halacarus, Agaue, Halacarellus, Anomalohalacarus.

The Halacaridae are a diverse group of aquatic mites including both marine and freshwater forms. They do not swim, but have strong tarsal claws for movement and for holding themselves in place. The majority of species are predators or algal feeders but a number are parasites or obligate commensals of other aquatic invertebrates (Walter et al. 2009). Such species include Enterohalacarus minutipalpis, found in the gut of the sea urchin Plesioderma indicum, and the Australian Astacopsiphagus parasiticus, found on the gills of the freshwater crayfish Euastacus spinifer (Walter & Proctor 1999). The Australian species Spongihalacarus longiscutis is associated with "sponge weed" (a symbiotic association of the sponge Haliclona cymaeformis with the red alga Ceratodictyon spongiosum) and its strongly reduced palps suggest it may also be parasitic (Walter et al. 2009).

Characters (from Walter et al. 2009): Five to ten pairs of dorsal idiosomatic setae present; prodorsal bothridial setae absent. Tarsi I-IV with strongly developed lateral claws, usually with serrate margins, often with a claw-like or bifid empodium. Adults with two to several pairs of genital papillae.

<==Halacaridae [Limnohalacaridae, Pleuromerengona]
    |--Mictognathus B05 [Mictognathinae WL09]
    |--Ropohalacarus [Ropohalacarinae] WL09
    |--Astacopsiphagus Viets 1931 H98 [Astacopsiphaginae WL09]
    |    `--A. parasiticus Viets 1931 H98
    |--Enterohalacarus Viets 1938 [Enterohalacarinae] N47
    |    `--E. minutipalpus K09
    |--Halixodes Brucker & Trouessart 1900 [Halixodinae] N47
    |    |--*H. truncipes Chilton 1883 [=Halacarus truncipes] L90
    |    |--H. chitonis (Brucker 1897) [=Agaue chitonis] L90
    |    |    |--H. c. chitonis L90
    |    |    `--H. c. stoutae Viets 1959 L90
    |    `--H. novaezelandiae L90
    |--Acarochelopodia Angelier 1954 [Acarochelopodinae] B86
    |    |--A. aduncispina Bartsch 1977 B86
    |    |--A. angelieri Travé 1972 B86
    |    |--A. cuneifera Bartsch 1977 B86
    |    `--A. delamarei Angelier 1954 B86
    |--Porohalacarinae [Porohalacaridae] N47
    |    |--Porohalacarus Thor 1923 N47
    |    |    `--P. alpinus BK91
    |    `--Caspihalacarus Viets 1928 N47
    |         `--C. hyrcanus WL09
    |--Copidognathinae B05
    |    |--Copidognathus B86
    |    `--Werthella Lohmann 1907 B05
    |         |--W. ampliata Bartsch 1996 H98
    |         |--W. atlantica Bartsch 1986 B05
    |         |--W. parvirostris (Trouessart 1889) L90 [=Copidognathus parvirostris N47]
    |         |--W. plumifera Newell 1971 B05
    |         `--W. terella Bartsch 1993 B05
    |--Rhombognathinae [Rhombognathidae] B07
    |    |--Isobactrus AB07
    |    |--Rhombognathus DPD16
    |    |--Rhombognathides N47
    |    `--Metarhombognathus Newell 1947 N47
    |         |--*M. armatus (Lohmann 1893) [=Rhombognathus armatus; incl. R. mollis Viets 1927] N47
    |         |    |--M. a. armatus N47
    |         |    `--M. a. americanus Newell 1947 N47
    |         `--M. nudus (Viets 1928) [incl. Rhombognathopsis contectus Viets 1928] N47
    |--Actacarus Schulz 1937 [Actacarinae] B86
    |    |--A. australis Bartsch 1993 H98
    |    |--A. bacescui Konnerth-Ionescu 1970 B86
    |    |--A. giganteus Krantz 1971 B86
    |    |--A. hastatus Bartsch 1977 B86
    |    |--A. illustrans Newell 1951 B86
    |    |--A. mollis Bartsch 1977 B86
    |    |--A. obductus Bartsch 1977 B86
    |    |--A. pacificus Bartsch 1979 B86
    |    |--A. pygmaeus Schulz 1937 B86
    |    `--A. uniscutatus Bartsch 1977 B86
    |--Lohmannellinae [Lohmannellidae] B05
    |    |--Scaptognathides Monniot 1972 B86
    |    |    |--S. australis Bartsch 1993 H98
    |    |    |--S. bicornis Bartsch 1977 B86
    |    |    `--S. planus Monniot 1972 B86
    |    |--Porolohmannella Viets 1933 WL09, S86 [Porolohmannellinae]
    |    |    |--P. andrei Angelier 1951 S86
    |    |    |--P. curvimandibulata Petrova 1969 S86
    |    |    `--P. cvetkovi Petrova 1965 S86
    |    |--Scaptognathus Trouessart 1889 N47
    |    |    |--S. australis Bartsch 1993 H98
    |    |    |--S. bassianus Abé & Green 1994 H98
    |    |    |--S. peregrinus Bartsch 1993 H98
    |    |    `--S. sabularius André 1961 M62
    |    `--Lohmannella Trouessart 1901 B05 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--*L. falcata ((Hodge 1863) (see below for synonymy) N47
    |         |--L. abyssalis Bartsch 2005 B05
    |         |--L. arenaria Bartsch 1993 H98
    |         |--L. pinggi Otto 1994 H98
    |         `--L. stammeri Viets 1939 B05
    |--Simognathinae B86
    |    |--Atelopsalis Trouessart 1896 N47
    |    |    `--*A. tricuspis Trouessart 1896 T96
    |    |--Ischyrognathus Trouessart 1900 N47
    |    |    `--I. coutieri N47
    |    |--Simognathus H98
    |    `--Acaromantis Trouessart & Neumann 1893 B86
    |         |--A. arenarius Bartsch 1980 B86
    |         |--A. armatus Bartsch 1977 B86
    |         |--A. fastigatus Bartsch 1977 B86
    |         |--A. grandiculus Bartsch 1977 B86
    |         |--A. minutus Bartsch 1976 B86
    |         |--A. monnioti Morselli 1970 B86
    |         |--A. punctulus Bartsch 1977 B86
    |         |--A. squilla Trouessart & Neumann 1893 B86
    |         `--A. subasper Bartsch 1977 B86
    |--Limnohalacarinae WL09
    |    |--Hamohalacarus Walter 1931 S86
    |    |    `--H. subterraneus Walter 1931 S86
    |    |--Stygohalacarus Viets 1934 S86
    |    |    `--S. scupiensis Viets 1934 S86
    |    |--Himejacarus Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |    `--H. morimotoi Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |--Limnohalacarus Walter 1917 S86
    |    |    |--L. africanus Walter 1935 S86
    |    |    |--L. capernaumi Petrova 1966 S86
    |    |    `--L. wackeri (Walter 1914) S86
    |    |--Parasoldanellonyx Viets 1929 S86
    |    |    |--P. parviscutatus (Walter 1917) S86
    |    |    `--P. typhlops Viets 1933 S86
    |    |         |--P. t. typhlops S86
    |    |         |--P. t. belgicus Viets 1936 S86
    |    |         `--P. t. japonicus Imamura 1957 S86
    |    `--Soldanellonyx Walter 1917 S86
    |         |--S. akiyoshiensis Imamura 1959 S86
    |         |--S. chappuisi Walter 1917 S86
    |         |--S. miyakoensis Imamura 1957 S86
    |         |--S. monardi Walter 1919 S86
    |         |    |--S. m. monardi S86
    |         |    |--S. m. japonicus Imamura 1971 S86
    |         |    `--S. m. sarangensis Viets 1929 S86
    |         |--S. papillosus Imamura 1957 S86
    |         `--S. visurgis Viets 1960 S86
    `--Halacarinae B05
         |--Agauopsis WP99
         |--Halacarus B05
         |--Agaue B05
         |--Pontacarus Lohmann 1901 N47
         |--Troglohalacarus Viets 1937 S86
         |    `--T. dentipes Viets 1937 S86
         |--Coloboceras Trouessart 1889 N47
         |    |--*C. longiusculus T96
         |    `--C. koehleri Trouessart 1896 T96
         |--Bathyhalacarus Sokolov & Yankovskaya 1968 B05
         |    |--B. acutus Bartsch 1982 B05
         |    |--B. angustops (Newell 1984) B05
         |    `--B. anomalus Bartsch 2005 B05
         |--Lobohalacarus Viets 1939 S86 [incl. Walterella Romijn & Viets 1924 (preoc.) H98]
         |    |--L. bunurong Harvey 1988 H98
         |    `--L. weberi (Romijn & Viets 1924) S86
         |         |--L. w. weberi S86
         |         |--L. w. gotoensis Imamura 1970 S86
         |         `--L. w. quadriporus (Walter 1947) S86
         |--Halacarellus B86
         `--Anomalohalacarus B86

Halacaridae incertae sedis:
  Halacaropsis Bartsch 1996 H98
    |--H. capuzina Bartsch 1996 H98
    |--H. hirsuta (Trouessart 1889) [=Agaue hirsuta, Agauopsis hirsuta] H98
    `--H. warringa (Otto 1993) [=Agauopsis warringa] H98
  Bradyagaue Newell 1971 H98
    |--*B. drygalskii (Lohmann 1907) [=Halacarus drygalskii] L90
    `--B. scutella Bartsch 1992 H98
  Colobocerasides B05
  Werthelloides WP99
  Parhalixodes travei WL09, WP99
  Spongihalacarus longiscutis WL09
  Arenihalacarus WL09
  Peregrinacarus reticulatus WL09
  Acarothrix WL09
  Australacarus Bartsch 1987 H98
    `--A. pustulatus Bartsch 1993 H98
  Phacacarus Bartsch 1992 H98
    `--P. flavellus Bartsch 1992 H98

Lohmannella Trouessart 1901 B05 [=Leptognathus Hodge 1863 (preoc.) N47, Trouessartella Lohmann 1901 (preoc.) N47]

*Lohmannella falcata ((Hodge 1863) [=*Leptognathus falcatus, Halacarus falcatus, Raphignathus falcatus, *Trouessartella falcata; incl. Leptognathus marinus Lohmann 1889] N47

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AB07] Abé, H., & I. Bartsch. 2007. Historical biogeography of the halacarid mite genus Isobactrus (Prostigmata, Halacaridae). In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 119–126. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[B86] Bartsch, I. 1986. Acari: Halacaridae. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 638–642. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[B05] Bartsch, I. 2005. Halacaridae from the depths of western Antarctica (Arachnida, Acari). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (1): 31–41.

[B07] Bartsch, I. 2007. Rhombognathus from the Caribbean area, with the description of a new species (Arachnida, Acari, Halacaridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 87 (1): 17–22.

[BK91] Biesiadka, E., & W. Kowalik. 1991. Water mites (Hydracarina) as indicators of trophy and pollution in lakes. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 475–481. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[DPD16] Dabert, M., H. Proctor & J. Dabert. 2016. Higher-level molecular phylogeny of the water mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 101: 75–90.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[K09] Krantz, G. W. 2009. Habits and habitats. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 64–82. Texas Tech University Press.

[L90] Luxton, M. 1990. The marine littoral mites of the New Zealand region. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20 (4): 367–418.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[N47] Newell, I. M. 1947. A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 10 (3): 1–232.

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: Limnohalacaridae and Hydrovolziidae. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 643–647. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[T96] Trouessart, E. 1896. Resultats scientifiques de la campagne du "Caudan" dans le Golfe de Gascogne: Halacariens. Annales de l'Universite de Lyon 26: 325–353, pls 9–11.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

Last updated: 22 July 2022.

Copidognathus

Diagnostic figures of generalised Copidognathus, from Bartsch (2006).

Belongs within: Halacaridae.

Copidognathus is a large genus of primarily marine mites (though a few live in fresh water). Species are found living on a wide variety of substrates. They are distinguished by the absence of setae on the penultimate palp segment (Luxton 1990).

Characters (from Luxton 1990): Female with three pairs of perigenital setae and one pair of subgenital setae; palps four-segmented, penultimate segment lacking setae; genu I shorter than either femur I or tibia I; tibia I with three unpaired ventral setae.

<==Copidognathus Trouessart 1888 [incl. Copidognathopsis Viets 1927] N47
    |--C. (Copidognathus) N47
    |    |--*C. (C.) oculatus (Hodge 1863) L90 [=Halacarus oculatus T96, Copidognathopsis oculatus M62]
    |    |--C. (C.) acutus Newell 1947 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) adriatica N47
    |    |--C. (C.) angustus Viets 1936 N47
    |    |    |--C. a. angustus N47
    |    |    `--C. a. floridensis Newell 1947 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) bairdi Newell 1947 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) biscayneus Newell 1947 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) bonairensis (Viets 1936) [=Copidognathopsis bonairensis] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) bouvieri (Trouessart 1914) [=Werthella bouvieri] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) caudatus Newell 1947 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) curassaviensis Viets 1936 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) extensus Viets 1940 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) gibberipes Viets 1936 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) glyptoderma Trouessart 1888 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) gracilis (Viets 1936) [=Copidognathopsis gracilis] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) hummelincki (Viets 1936) [=Copidognathopsis hummelincki] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) johnstoni (Womersley 1937) [=Werthella johnstoni] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) lamellosus (Lohmann 1893) [=Halacarus lamellosus] H98
    |    |--C. (C.) latus Viets 1927 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) magnipalpus (Police 1909) N47
    |    |    |--C. m. magnipalpus N47
    |    |    |--C. m. ponticus Viets 1936 N47
    |    |    `--C. m. serratisetus Viets 1940 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) pachypus Newell 1947 N47
    |    |--C. (C.) poucheti (Trouessart 1893) [=Halacarus poucheti] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) pulcher (Lohmann 1893) [=Halacarus pulcher] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) punctatissimus (Gimbel 1919) [=Halacarus (C.) punctatissimus] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) reticulatus (Trouessart 1894) [=Halacarus (C.) reticulatus] T05
    |    |--C. (C.) septentrionalis (Halbert 1915) [=Halacarus (C.) septentrionalis] N47
    |    |--C. (C.) simonis N47
    |    |--C. (C.) tricorneata Lohmann 1938 N47
    |    `--C. (C.) triops Viets 1936 N47
    `--C. (Arhodeoporus Newell 1947) N47
         |--C. (*A.) arenarius Newell 1947 N47
         |--‘Arhodeoporus’ disparilis Bartsch 1997 H98
         |--C. (A.) gracilipes (Trouessart 1889) [=C. (Copidognathopsis) gracilipes] N47
         |    |--C. g. gracilipes N47
         |    |--C. g. largiforatus (Trouessart 1899) [=C. (Copidognathopsis) gracilipes largiforatus] N47
         |    `--C. g. quadricostatus (Trouessart 1894) [=C. (Copidognathopsis) gracilipes quadricostatus] N47
         |--‘Arhodeoporus’ leptopus Bartsch 1997 H98
         |--‘Arhodeoporus’ psammophilus Bartsch 1993 H98
         |--C. (A.) submarinus Newell 1947 N47
         `--‘Arhodeoporus’ wadjemupis Bartsch 1997 H98

Copidognathus incertae sedis:
  C. alvinus WP99
  C. ampliatus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. australensis (Lohmann 1909) [=Halacarus australensis] H98
  C. bispinus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. bistriatus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. caelatus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. canaliculifer Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. crassispinus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. cribellus Bartsch 1993 H98
  C. curtus K09
  C. dubiosus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. fabriciusi M62
  C. gibboides Bartsch 1977 B86
  ‘Copidognathopsis’ gibbus M62
  C. hartmanni Bartsch 1972 B86
  C. humerosus M62
  C. laeviusculus Bartsch 1993 H98
  C. laminifer Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. lepidus Bartsch 1977 B86
  C. lineatus Bartsch 1977 B86
  C. lohmanni Trouessart 1889 L90
  C. lubricus Bartsch 1986 L90
  C. majorinus Bartsch 1993 H98
  C. multiporus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. nasutus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. nautilei WL09
  C. papillatus WL09
  C. paucisporus Bartsch 1977 B86
  C. punctellus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. pygmaeus Bartsch 1980 B86
  C. rhodostigma [=Halacarus (Copidognathus) rhodostigma] T96
  C. scuna Otto 1994 H98
  C. strigellus Bartsch 1994 H98
  C. tabellio [=Halacarus (Copidognathus) tabellio] T96
  C. tectiporus WL09

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B86] Bartsch, I. 1986. Acari: Halacaridae. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 638–642. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[K09] Krantz, G. W. 2009. Form and function. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 5–53. Texas Tech University Press.

[L90] Luxton, M. 1990. The marine littoral mites of the New Zealand region. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20 (4): 367–418.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[N47] Newell, I. M. 1947. A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 10 (3): 1–232.

[T05] Trägårdh, I. 1905. Monographie der arktischen Acariden. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 1–78. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[T96] Trouessart, E. 1896. Resultats scientifiques de la campagne du "Caudan" dans le Golfe de Gascogne: Halacariens. Annales de l'Universite de Lyon 26: 325–353, pls 9–11.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).