Turbinelloidea

Vasum ceramicum, photographed by Frédéric Ducarme.

Belongs within: Neogastropoda.
Contains: Volutomitridae, Columbariidae, Ptychatractidae, Costellariidae.

The Turbinelloidea are a clade of neogastropods supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. The Turbinellidae, chank and vase shells, are generally large gastropods with a thick, spindle-shaped shell (the largest known gastropod, Syrinx aruanus, belongs to this family). They possess a long, thin proboscis that folds into a non-evaginable proboscis sheath (Harasewych & Petit 1989).

Turbinelloidea BR17
    |--+--Volutomitridae FP15
    |  `--+--Columbariidae FP15
    |     `--+--Ptychatractidae FP15
    |        `--Costellariidae FP15
    `--Turbinellidae [Vasidae] FP15
         |  i. s.: Tudivasum MG-H11
         |           |--T. inermis (Angas 1878) MG-H11
         |           `--T. spinosa (Adams & Adams 1863) MG-H11
         |         Surculina Dall 1908 BK11, P66 [incl. Phenacoptygma Dall 1918 O27]
         |           |--*S. blanda (Dall 1908) [=Daphnella (*Surculina) blanda] P66
         |           `--S. cortezi (Dall 1908) P66 [=Daphnella (Surculina) cortezi P66, *Phenacoptygma cortezi O27]
         |--Tudicula Adams & Adams 1864 ES88 [=Tudicla Röding 1798 BR05; Tudiclidae, Tudiclinae BR05, Tudiculinae]
         |    |--*T. spirillus (Linnaeus 1767) [=Murex spirillus] BR17
         |    |--T. armigera Adams 1855 WG71
         |    |--T. inermis Angas 1878 WG71
         |    |--‘Tudicla’ monheimi (Müller 1851) TTE93
         |    |--T. rasilistoma Abbott 1959 ES88
         |    |--T. spinosa Adams & Adams 1863 WG71
         |    `--T. zanzibarica Abbott 1958 ES88
         |--Vasum Röding 1798 ES88 [=Cynodonta Schumacher 1817 BR05; Cynodontidae, Cynodontinae, Vasinae ES88]
         |    |  i. s.: V. cassiforme (Kiener 1840) ES88
         |    |         V. crosseanum (Souverbie 1875) ES88
         |    |         V. floridanum McGinty 1940 P89
         |    |         V. globulum (Lamarck 1816) [incl. V. globulum antiguensis Usticke 1969] BC01
         |    |         V. humerosum Vaughan 1896 DK10
         |    |         V. lactisfloris Ferrario 1983 BC01
         |    |         V. rhinoceros (Gmelin 1791) ES88
         |    |         V. stephanti Emerson & Sage 1988 ES88
         |    |         V. tubiferum (Anton 1839) ES88
         |    |         V. turbinellus (Linnaeus 1758) ES88 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--*V. (Vasum) ceramicum (Linnaeus 1758) [=Murex ceramicus, *Cynodonta ceramica] BR17
         |    `--V. (Altivasum Hedley 1914) DK10, WG71
         |         `--V. (A.) flindersi Verco 1914 DK10, WG71
         `--Turbinellinae [Xancidae, Xancinae] HP89
              |--Syrinx Röding 1798 HP89
              |    `--*S. aruanus (Linnaeus 1758) HP89 (see below for synonymy)
              |--Scolymus Swainson 1835 [Scolyminae] BR17
              |    `--‘Turbinella’ angulata (Lightfoot 1786) (see below for synonymy) BR17
              `--Xancus Röding 1798 BR05 [=Turbinella Lamarck 1799 BR05; incl. Buccinella Perry 1811 PH90]
                   |--*X. pyrum (Linnaeus 1767) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
                   |--‘Turbinellus’ acuminatus C64
                   |--‘Cancellaria’ alabamensis Gabb 1860 [=Turbinella alabamensis] PH90
                   |--‘Turbinella’ caestus C64
                   |--‘Turbenella’ ceratus C64
                   |--‘Turbinellus’ infundibulum [=Murex infundibulum; incl. T. filosus, T. gibbulus] G79
                   |--‘Turbinella’ iricolor Hombr. & Jacquinot 1853 H09
                   |--‘Turbinellus’ nassa [incl. T. brasilianus, T. cingulifera, Murex knorri, T. knorri, T. rudis] G79
                   |--‘Turbinella’ scolymoides Dall 1890 P89
                   `--‘Turbinella’ subnassatula Souverbie 1872 H09

*Syrinx aruanus (Linnaeus 1758) HP89 [=Murex aruanus HP89, Busycon aruanus HP89, Fulgur aruanus HP89, Megalatractus aruanus WG71; incl. Fusus proboscidiferus Lamarck 1816 HP89, Me. proboscidiferus HP89]

‘Turbinella’ angulata (Lightfoot 1786) [incl. T. umbilicaris Lamarck 1816, *Scolymus umbilicaris] BR17

Vasum turbinellus (Linnaeus 1758) ES88 [=Voluta turbinella H09; incl. Turbinella cornigera Lamarck 1822 BR17, *Scolymus cornigerus BR17, Vasum turbinellus var. cornigerum SP72]

*Xancus pyrum (Linnaeus 1767) BR17 [=Voluta pyrum BR17, Murex (*Turbinella) pyrum non M. pyrum Linnaeus 1758 G20, BR17; incl. *Buccinella caerulea Perry 1811 PH90]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[DK10] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2010. Eocene molluscs from the Merlinleigh Sandstone, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 26 (1): 23–41.

[ES88] Emerson, W. K., & W. E. Sage III. 1988. A new species of Vasum (Gastropoda: Turbinellidae) from off Somalia. Nautilus 102 (1): 36–39.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[G79] Guppy, R. J. L. 1879. First sketch of a marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and its neighbourhood. Part I.—Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 2: 151–172.

[HP89] Harasewych, M. G., & R. E. Petit. 1989. The nomenclatural status and phylogenetic affinities of Syrinx aruanus Linné, 1758 (Prosobranchia: Turbinellidae). Nautilus 103 (2): 83–84.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 1. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PH90] Petit, R. E., & M. G. Harasewych. 1990. Catalogue of the superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes and Hanley, 1851 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Nautilus 103 (Suppl. 1): 1–69.

[P89] Petuch, E. J. 1989. New species of Malea (Gastropoda: Tonnidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Florida. Nautilus 103 (3): 92–95.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: An evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[SP72] Smythe, K. R., & W. W. A. Phillips. 1972. Some observations on the fauna of the Maldive Islands (Indian Ocean) part VIII. Marine shells. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (2): 290–296.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

Costellariidae

Thala crassa, copyright Conquiliologistas do Brasil.

Belongs within: Turbinelloidea.
Contains: Vexillum.

The Costellariidae, ribbed mitres, are a group of predatory gastropods with shells resembling those of the mitres of the Mitridae but with strong axial sculpture. Most species lack an operculum though molecular data support inclusion of the operculate genera Latiromitra and Ceratoxancus as basal costellariids. The radula possesses unicuspid lateral teeth and a tricuspid or multicuspid rachidian tooth. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the tricuspid rachidian, as found in Thala, is plesiomorphic relative to the multicuspid rachidian of most Vexillum species (Fedosov et al. 2015). Costellariids prey on other molluscs that they kill with a poison secreted from accessory salivary glands.

<==Costellariidae BR17
    |--+--Latiromitra FP15
    |  |    |--L. barthelowi (Bartsch 1942) FP15
    |  |    `--L. crosnieri Bouchet & Kantor 2000 FP15
    |  `--Ceratoxancus Kuroda 1952 FP15, BC01
    |       |--C. melichrous Kantor & Bouchet 1997 FP15
    |       `--+--*C. teramachii Kuroda 1952 BC01, FP15, BC01
    |          `--C. leios FP15
    `--+--Vexillum FP15
       `--Thala Adams & Adams 1853 FP15, O27
            |--T. africana Rolán & Fernandes 1995 BC01
            |--T. crassa Simone 1995 BC01
            |--T. esperanza Leal & Moore 1993 BC01
            |--T. orcutti (Dall 1920) [=Mitra (Thala) orcutti] O27
            `--T. solitaria (Adams 1852) [=Mitra (Thala) solitaria] O27

Costellariidae incertae sedis:
  Mitropifex iredalei Powell 1958 BC01
  Nodicostellaria crassa (Simone 1995) S11
  Costellaria Swainson 1840 BR05
    |--*C. rigida (Swainson 1821) [=Mitra rigida] BR17
    |--C. fortiplicata (Pease 1868) (see below for synonymy) BC01
    |--C. leucozonias (Deshayes 1834) [=Vexillum (Costellaria) leucozonias; incl. V. moana Cate 1963] BC01
    |--C. militaris (Reeve 1845) [=Vexillum (Costellaria) militaris; incl. V. coronense Cate 1968] BC01
    |--C. nitidissima (Melvill & Standen 1895) (see below for synonymy) BC01
    `--C. pacifica (Reeve 1845) [=Mitra pacifica, Vexillum (Costellaria) pacifica] BC01
  Pusia Swainson 1840 [Pusiinae, Pusinae] BR05
    |--*P. microzonias (Lamarck 1811) BR17 [=Mitra microzonias BR17, Vexillum (*Pusia) microzonias FP15]
    |--P. anabelae Fernandes 1992 BC01
    |--P. australe (Swainson 1820) [=Vexillum (Pusia) australe] FP15
    |--P. catenata (Broderip 1836) [incl. Mitra bibsae Usticke 1969] BC01
    |--P. chickcharneorum (Lyons & Kaicher 1978) [=Vexillum (Pusia) chickcharneorum] BC01
    |--P. exigua (Adams 1845) (see below for synonymy) BC01
    |--P. histrio (Reeve 1844) (see below for synonymy) BC01
    `--P. patriarchalis Gmelin 1791 WG71
  Austromitra Finlay 1927 S11, WG71
    |--*A. rubiginosa (Hutton 1873) [=Columbella rubiginosa] P61
    |--A. ambulacra (Marwick 1926) [=Vexillum ambulacrum] F27
    |--A. analogica [=Vexillum analogicum] F27
    |--A. angulata (Suter 1908) P61 [=Vexillum pseudomarginata angulata F27]
    |--A. antipoda (Brookes 1926) P61 [=Vexillum antipodum F27]
    |--A. bellapicta [=Vexillum bellapictum] F27
    |--A. brunneacincta Powell 1952 P61
    |--A. bucklandi Gabriel 1961 WG71
    |--A. erecta Powell 1934 P61
    |--A. fracta [=Vexillum fractum] F27
    |--A. lawsi Finlay 1930 P61
    |--A. legrandi [=Vexillum legrandi] F27
    |--A. lincolnensis M54
    |--A. maculosa Turner & Simone 1998 S11
    |--A. marginata [=Vexillum marginatum] F27
    |--A. planata [=Turricula planata, Vexillum planatum] F27
    |--A. planatella Finlay 1930 P61
    |--A. pseudomarginata (Suter 1913) P61 [=Vexillum pseudomarginata F27]
    |--A. pumilio [=Vexillum pumilio] F27
    |--A. rubiradix Finlay 1927 P61
    |--A. scalariformis [=Vexillum scalariforme] F27
    |--A. schomburgki M54
    `--A. zafra Powell 1952 P61
  Mesorhytis TTE93
    |--M. decorosa (Stephenson 1952) TTE93
    `--M. ripleyana (Wade 1926) TTE93

Costellaria fortiplicata (Pease 1868) [=Vexillum (Costellaria) fortiplicatum; incl. V. kewaloensis Cate 1963] BC01

Costellaria nitidissima (Melvill & Standen 1895) [=Mitra (Costellaria) nitidissima, Vexillum (C.) nitidissimum] BC01

Pusia exigua (Adams 1845) [=Vexillum (Pusia) exiguum; incl. Mitra hanleyi f. antiguensis Usticke 1969, M. minutus Usticke 1969 non M. minuta Gmelin 1791, M. moisei McGinty 1955] BC01

Pusia histrio (Reeve 1844) [=Vexillum (Pusia) histrio; incl. Mitra cruzana Usticke 1959, M. hayesae Usticke 1959] BC01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[FP15] Fedosov, A., N. Puillandre, Y. Kantor & P. Bouchet. 2015. Phylogeny and systematics of mitriform gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175: 336–359.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[M54] Macpherson, J. H. 1954. Molluscs (sea shells and snails). In: Willis, J. M. (ed.) The Archipelago of the Recherche pp. 55–63. Australian Geographical Society: Melbourne.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 1. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

Last updated: 23 September 2021.

Volutomitridae

Specimens of Microvoluta australis, copyright Des Beechey.

Belongs within: Turbinelloidea.

The Volutomitridae are a small family of neogastropods with a mitre-shaped shell bearing large plaits on the columella, and a radula similar to that of the volute genus Scaphella (Beechey 2003). They are most diverse in the Southern Hemisphere, with only a very few species in the Northern. The majority of species live subtidally, often in deep waters.

<==Volutomitridae BR17
    |  i. s.: Paradmete Strebel 1908 PH90
    |           `--*P. typica Strebel 1908 PH90
    |         Peculator Iredale 1924 [Peculatoridae] BR05
    |           |--*P. verconis Iredale 1924 P61, MG-H11
    |           |--P. coma (Odhner 1924) P61
    |           `--P. hedleyi (Murdoch 1905) P61
    |         Conomitra Conrad 1865 TTE93, F27a
    |           |--*C. fusoides [=Mitra fusoides] F27a
    |           `--C. glabra (Ravn 1933) TTE93
    |--Exilioidea FP15
    `--+--Volutomitra Adams & Adams 1853 FP15, BR05 [Volutomitrina, Volutomitrinae]
       |    |--*V. groenlandica (Möller 1842) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
       |    |--V. alaskana Dall 1902 O27
       |    |--V. glabella FP15
       |    `--V. zigzag FP15
       `--Microvoluta Angas 1877 FP15, BR05 [Microvolutidae]
            |--*M. australis Angas 1877 C75
            |--M. biconica (Murdoch & Suter 1906) P61 [=Vulpecula biconica F27a]
            |--M. cuvierensis Finlay 1930 P61
            |--M. garrardi Cernohorsky 1975 C75
            |--M. joloensis FP15
            |--M. lincta [=Turricula lincta, Vexillum linctum] F27a
            |--M. marginata (Hutton 1885) C75
            |--M. obconica Powell 1952 P61
            |--M. pentaploca Finlay 1927 C75 [=Mitra ligata Tate 1889 non Adams 1853 F27b, Conomitra ligata F27b]
            |--M. ponderi Cernohorsky 1975 C75
            |--M. royana Iredale 1924 F27a
            `--M. stadialis (Hedley 1911) [=Mitra stadialis, Austromitra stadialis] C75

*Volutomitra groenlandica (Möller 1842) BR17 [=Voluta groenlandica BR17; incl. Mitra castanea Bolten 1798 H08, V. digna Adams 1855 H08, M. melaniana Lamarck 1811 H08, Voluta nigra Gmelin 1791 H08, Mitra nigra H08]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[C75] Cernohorsky, W. O. 1975. The taxonomy of some Indo-Pacific Mollusca. Part 3. With descriptions of new taxa and remarks on an Ecuadorian fossil species of Turridae. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 12: 213–234.

[FP15] Fedosov, A., N. Puillandre, Y. Kantor & P. Bouchet. 2015. Phylogeny and systematics of mitriform gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175: 336–359.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[H08] Hedley, C. 1908. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part X. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 456–489, pls 7–10.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 1. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PH90] Petit, R. E., & M. G. Harasewych. 1990. Catalogue of the superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes and Hanley, 1851 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Nautilus 103 (Suppl. 1): 1–69.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Last updated: 23 September 2021.