Belongs within: Gnathostomata.
Contains: Elonichthyiformes, Scanilepiformes, Actinopteri.
The Actinopterygii contain the ray-finned fishes, in which the external fin is mostly composed of a ray-supported membrane. However, some basal members of this group (such as the modern Polypteridae) retain lobate pectoral fins. Basal ray-finned fishes (including the living Polypteriformes, Acipenseriformes and Holostei) have a covering of bony ganoid scales, often diamond-shaped and non-overlapping. Many fossil examples of these heavily armoured fishes have previously been classified in the Palaeoniscimorpha, now recognised as paraphyletic to more derived actinopteygians. The basalmost actinopterygians include the Devonian Cheirolepiformes which retained an appearance similar to related basal fishes in the Sarcopterygii and Acanthodii.
Synapomorphies (from Xu & Gao 2011): Extrascapular paired; single pair only of nasal bones; squamosal absent; dentary with enclosed mandibular canal; presupracleithrum present; caudal fin heterocercal, upper caudal fin rays short.
<==Actinopterygii [Palaeoniscimorpha]
|--Meemannia Zhu, Yu et al. 2006 GX17, ZY06
| `--*M. eos Zhu, Yu et al. 2006 ZY06
`--+--+--+--Osorioichthys marginis GX17
| | `--Tegeolepis clarki GX17
| `--+--+--+--Donnrosenia schaefferi GX17
| | | `--Howqualepis rostridens GX17
| | |--Mimipiscis GX17
| | | |--M. toombsi GX17
| | | `--+--M. bartrami GX17
| | | `--Gogosardina coatesi GX17
| | `--+--Raynerius splendens GX17
| | `--Moythomasia GX17
| | |--M. durgaringa GX17
| | |--M. lineata GX17
| | |--M. nitida Gross 1953 P99
| | `--M. perforata GX17
| `--+--+--Woodichthys bearsdeni GX17
| | |--Melanecta anneae GX17
| | |--Kentuckia GX17
| | | |--K. deani GX17
| | | `--K. hlavini GX17
| | `--+--Mesopoma planti GX17
| | `--+--Luederia kempi GX17
| | |--Lawrenciella schaefferi GX17
| | |--Kansasiella eatoni GX17
| | |--Coccocephalichthys wildi GX17
| | |--Boreosomus piveteaui GX17
| | `--+--Pteronisculus GX17
| | | |--P. magnus DFC12
| | | `--P. stensioei FS10
| | `--+--Kalops monophyrum GX17
| | |--Cosmoptychius striatus GX17
| | |--Beagiascus pulcherrimus GX17
| | |--Aesopichthyidae PL00
| | | |--Aesopichthys Poplin & Lund 2000 GX17, PL00
| | | | `--*A. erinaceus Poplin & Lund 2000 PL00
| | | `--Proceramala Poplin & Lund 2000 PL00
| | | `--*P. montanensis Poplin & Lund 2000 PL00
| | `--+--Cyanorhis bergeraci GX17
| | `--+--Rhadinichthyidae PL00
| | `--Wendyichthys PL00
| | |--W. dicksoni PL00
| | `--W. lautreci PL00
| `--+--Australosomus kochi GX17
| `--+--+--Amphicentrum granulosum GX17
| | `--+--Fouldenia ischiptera GX17
| | `--Styracopterus fulcratus GX17
| `--+--Saurichthys [Saurichthyidae, Saurichthyiformes] GX17
| | |--S. madagascarensis GX17
| | `--S. parvidens F71
| `--+--Scanilepiformes GX17
| `--Actinopteri GX17
`--Cheirolepiformes TT05
|--Cheirolepis Agassiz 1835 XG11, P99 [Cheirolepidae]
| |--C. trailli GX17
| `--+--C. canadensis GX17
| `--C. schultzei GX17
|--Samarichthys [Karaunguriidae] TT05
| `--S. luxus Minikh 1990 TT05
`--Boreolepis [Boreolepedidae] TT05
`--B. tataricus Esin 1996 TT05
Actinopterygii incertae sedis:
Amphistichus B02
|--A. argenteus B02
|--A. heermanni Girard 1854 DS89
`--A. rhodoterus B78
Eutrigla gurnardus OC03
Pseudocaranx dentex OC03
Spectrunculus grandis OC03
Latridopsis forsteri OC03
Pachyrhizodus marathonensis (Etheridge 1905) GT02, F71 [=Ichthyodectes marathonensis F71]
Tselfatia formosa GT02
Ptychodus decurrens GT02
Lepidotus notidanus BO02
Vinctifer KM03
Stratodus apicalis PSB03
Niwaella delicata T90
Squalidus T90
|--S. chankaensis T90
| |--S. c. chankaensis T90
| `--S. c. biwae T90
|--S. gracilis T90
`--S. japonicus T90
Pseudogobio T90
|--P. esocinus T90
`--P. rivularis T90
Leucopsarion petersi T90
Hemibarbus T90
|--H. barbus T90
`--H. longirostris T90
Biwa zezera T90
Odonthestes bonariensis T90
Pungtungia herzi T90
Ischikauia steenackeri T90
Chirolophus nugator B96
Haplopagrus guentheri B96
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus B96
Sicyases sanguinus B96
Pyrrhulina filamentosa B96
Xenocharax spilurus B96
Clinocottus B96
|--C. analis B96
`--C. globiceps B96
Genyonemus lineatus B96
Medialuna californiensis B96
Tautagolabrus adspersus B96
Oligocottus maculosus B96
Xererpes fucorum B96
Mylopharyngodon piceus B96
Salminus maxillosus B96
Steindachnerella Eiglemann 1897 B78
Neoclinus blanchardi B78
Damalichthys vacca B78
Pahaerodon furcatus B78
Apomotis cyanellus D51
Semicossyphus pulcher CH97
Clevelandia ios CH97
Lionurus carapinus CH97
Usclasichthys Heyler 1977 P99
`--*U. macrodens Heyler 1977 P99
Gyrolepis Agassiz 1833 P99
Crinodus lophodon CC98
Zalembius rosaceus AFL84
Leptatherina wallacei MG06
Pseudogobius olorum MG06
Symphodus mediterraneus BM03
Eleginus navaga W81
Horalabiosa joshuai AJ02
Sillaginodes punctatus S45
Temnodon saltator S45
Limichthys polyactis HS01
Parika scaber HS01
Obliquichthys maryannae HS01
Grahamina capito HS01
Notolabrus celidotus HS01
Notoclinops segmentatus HS01
Ruanoho whero HS01
Trachylochismus melobesia HS01
Hymenophysa curta USDI77
Acanthorutilus handlirschi USDI77
Moapa coriacea USDI77
Probarbus jullieni USDI77
Plagopterus argentissimus USDI77
Brazilichthys macrognathus Cox & Hutchinson 1991 WO06
Sargus PP89
|--S. annularis D56
|--S. rondeletii PP89
|--S. salviani D56
`--S. vulgaris D56
Smaris alcedo PP89
Corvina PP89
|--C. chrysoleuca G66
|--C. nigra PP89
|--C. ronchus G66
`--C. vermicularis G66
Gymnocharacinus bergi Steindachner 1903 RGG06
Gymnetrus banksii T66
Neetroplus Günther 1866 G66
`--*N. nematopus G66
Meletta G66
|--M. libertatis G66
|--M. petenensis G66
`--M. thrissa G66
Plagiogeneion rubiginosus P49
Tarrasiiformes B96
Phanerorhynchiformes B96
Elonichthyiformes TT05
Pholidopleuriformes B96
Oxygaster baccaila PP07
Catla catla PP07
Mystus PP07
|--M. cavasius PP07
|--M. gulio CS77
`--M. vittatus PP07
Gadusia chaptra PP07
Poeciliops M68
|--P. formosa M68
|--P. latipinna M68
`--P. sphenops M68
Discordichthyidae [Discordichthyiformes] TT05
|--Discordichthys spinifer (Minikh 1998) TT05
`--Geryonichthys TT05
|--G. burchardi Minikh 1998 TT05
`--G. longus Minikh 1998 TT05
Auchenoceros punctatus H01
Pseudophycis bachus H01
Austrophycis marginata H01
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus H01
Amphichthys cryptocentrus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1837 BC01
Joturus pichardi R86
Polysteganus caeruleopunctatus Klunzinger 1871 S63
Eurynotoidiidae [Eurynotoidiiformes] TT05
|--Eurynotoides nanus (von Eichwald 1861) TT05
|--Kichkassia furcae (Minikh & Minikh 1986) TT05
|--Isadia TT05
| |--I. aristoviensis Minikh 1990 TT05
| `--I. suchonensis Minikh 1986 TT05
`--Lapkosubia TT05
|--L. barbalepis (Minikh & Minikh 1990) TT05
|--L. tokense Minikh 1995 TT05
`--L. uranensis Minikh 1986 TT05
Gonialosa manmina P61
Pneumatophorus grex P61
Mollienisia F16b
|--M. latipinna F15
`--M. sphenops F16b
Eupomotis F15
|--E. gibbosus CS77
`--E. holbrooki F15
Harpe rufa F15
Iridio F15
|--I. bivittatus F15
|--I. garnoti F16b
|--I. kirschii F16b
|--I. maculipinna [=Platyglossus maculipinna] F16b
`--I. radiatus F15
Hepatus Gronow 1765 [incl. Teuthis Linnaeus 1766, Theutis] JR10
|--H. bahianus F15
|--H. celebicus JR10
|--H. coeruleus F16b
|--H. elongatus JR10
|--H. hepatus F15
|--H. matoides JR10
`--H. olivaceus JR10
Glaridichthys uninotatus F15
Vomer F16b
|--V. setapinnis F16b
`--V. spixii F15
Bathystoma F16b
|--B. rimator F15
`--B. striatum F16b
Conodon nobilis F15
Priapichthys annectens F15
Coptostomobarbus vittei CS77
Lophopsetta maculata F16a
Pygosteus pungitius F16a
Lasiancistrus guacharote [=Ancistrus guacharote; incl. A. trinitatis Regan 1906] F16b
Odontostilbe pulcher (Gill 1858) [=Poecilurichthys pulcher, Chirodon pulcher] F16b
Stevardia altipinnis Gill 1858 (see below for synonymy) F16b
Hoploerythrinus unitaeniatus [=Erythrinus unitaeniatus; incl. E. cinereus Gill 1858] F16b
Seserinus paru F16b
Petrometopon cruentatus F16b
|--P. c. cruentatus F16b
`--P. c. coronatus [=Serranus coronatus; incl. Epinephelus guttatus Boulenger 1895] F16b
Eudulus auriga [=Serranus auriga] F16b
Brachygenys F16b
|--B. chrysargyreus (Günther 1859) [=Haemulon chrysargyreum] F16b
`--B. rimator F16b
Corvula subaequalis [incl. C. sanctaeluciae Jordan 1889] F16b
Philypnus dormitor F16b
Alphestes chloropterus [incl. Epinephelus afer Boulenger 1895] F16b
Myriapristis jacobus F16b
Angelichthys isabelita F16b
Ophicephalus [Ophicephalidae] JR10
|--O. maculatus JR10
|--O. melanopterus JR10
|--O. melanosomus JR10
|--O. striatus JR10
`--O. vagus Peters 1868 JR10
Colocopus lambdurus Gill 1884 JR10
Prontocanthus sahelalmae Davis 1887 [=Holosteus sahelalmae] P05
Porocottus allisi SSE10
Opisthocentrus ocellatus SSE10
Davidijordania lacertina SSE10
Cuneoganthus gerdineri GX17
Krasnoyarichthys jesseni GX17
Limnomis delayni GX17
Novagonatodus kasantsevae GX17
Stegotrachelus finlayi GX17
Stevardia altipinnis Gill 1858 [incl. Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858, C. riisii, Nematopoma searlesii Gill 1858, C. veedoni Gill 1858] F16b
*Type species of generic name indicated
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