Clitemnestra

Clitemnestra guttatulus, copyright Jean and Fred Hort.

Belongs within: Bembicidae.

Clitemnestra is a genus of smaller wasps found in Australia and South America, members of which provision their nests (when known) with Auchenorrhyncha (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Medium small to small wasps; frons broad to narrow, sometimes broader below than above, least interocular distance usually a little above antennal sockets, width of frons as great or greater at level of mid-cellus as a little below, inner eye margins rather strongly convex; last four male flagellomeres not specially modified; mandible with an inner subtooth; labrum normally visible; frons with a distinctly impressed line from midocellus to interantennal area; pronotal collar elevated, distinct from scutum; prescutellar sulcus efoveate; females of some species without a foretarsal rake; female arolia nearly equal in size; no posterolateral oblique scutal carina; episternal sulcus curving forward to upper end of omaulus, scrobal sulcus ending on episternal sulcus at a right angle; no acetabular carina nor sternaulus; midtibia with two apical spurs; tarsomere V curved beneath and more than twice as long as IV; forewing margin nearly straight near base of costa, media diverging at or slightly beyond cu-a, stigma moderate, one recurrent vein ending at submarginal cell I and one at cell II or both at II, veinlet between ends of recurrent veins about two-sevenths as long as posterior veinlet of submarginal cell I; jugal lobe somewhat larger than tegula but less than twice as long, hindwing media diverging well beyond cu-a; no spiracular groove; gaster not pedunculate; male with seven visible terga, sterna without fimbriae, sternum VIII simple and not unusually narrowed distally; female pygidial plate densely bristly.

<==Clitemnestra Spinola 1851 C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*C. gayi (Spinola 1851) [=Arpactus (*Clitemnestra) gayi] C85
    |--C. chilensis (Saussure 1867) [=Harpactus chilensis] BM76
    |--C. duboulayi (Turner 1908) [=Gorytes duboulayi] C85
    |--C. guttatulus (Turner 1936) [=Arpactus (Miscothyris) guttatulus] C85
    |--C. lucidulus (Turner 1908) [=Gorytes lucidulus] C85
    |--C. megalophthalmus (Handlirsch 1895) [=Gorytes (Miscothyris) megalophthalmus] C85
    |--C. mimetica (Cockerell 1915) C85 [=Miscothyris lucidulus mimeticus C85, Gorytes mimeticus BM76]
    |--C. multistrigosa Reed 1894 BM76
    |--C. perlucidus (Turner 1916) C85 [=Miscothyris perlucidus C85, Gorytes perlucidus BM76]
    |--C. plomleyi (Turner 1940) [=Arpactus (Miscothyris) plomleyi; incl. *Astaurus hylaeoides Rayment 1955] C85
    |--C. sanguinolentus (Turner 1908) [=Gorytes sanguinolentus] C85
    |--C. tenuicornis (Rayment 1955) [=Astaurus tenuicornis] C85
    `--C. thoracicus (Smith 1869) [=*Miscothyris thoracicus] C85

Clitemnestra Spinola 1851 C85 [=Clytaemnestra Handlirsch 1895 BM76, Clytemnestra Saussure 1867 non Dana 1847 BM76; incl. Astaurus Rayment 1955 C85, Miscothyris Smith 1869 C85]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Bembicidae

Olgia helena, copyright Centre for Biodiversity Genomics.

Belongs within: Apoidea.
Contains: Clitemnestra, Ochleroptera, Argogorytes, Alyssontini, Nyssonini, Heliocausina, Ammatomus, Stizini, Bembicina, Sphecius, Gorytina.

The Bembicidae are a diverse group of apoid wasps whose members commonly possess an oblique carina near the rear corners of the scutum and/or two spurs on the mid tibiae (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976, as Nyssoninae excluding Mellinus): Eyes with inner margins essentially parallel or converging below, if converging above then at least hindocelli somewhat distorted and scar-like. Mandible not notched nor toothed externoventrally, inner subteeth, when present, associated with apical tooth; mandible socket open; palpal formub usually 6-4. Scutum without complete notauli; an oblique scutal carina often present. Episternal sulcus present or absent, sometimes forming a continuous arc with scrobal sulcus (episternal-scrobal sulcus); omaulus usually present. Midtibia with two apical spurs (sometimes one or none), claws simple, midcoxae usually essentially contiguous, plantulae present or absent. Propodeal sternite absent. Forewing with two or three submarginal cells of which II usually receives at least one recurrent vein, three discoidal cells present. Hindwing media diverging before, at or beyond cu-a; jugal lobe usually small, rarely absent, at most half as long as anal area. Gaster usually sessile but peduncle, when present, made up of both tergum and sternum; male gaster with six or seven exposed terga; sternum VIII often modified and largely or entirely concealed; male genitalia usually with volsella differentiated into cuspis and digitus.

Bembicidae [Bembiciles, Bembicinae, Gorytini, Spheciina] BM76
    |--+--Clitemnestra BM76
    |  |--Ochleroptera BM76
    |  `--Olgia Radoszkowski 1877 [incl. Kaufmannia Radoszkowski 1877] BM76
    |       |--*O. modesta Radoszkowski 1877 BM76
    |       |--O. bensoni (Beaumont 1950) [=Gorytes bensoni] BM76
    |       |--O. helena Beaumont 1953 BM76
    |       |--O. maracandica (Radoszkowski 1877) [=*Kaufmannia maracandica] BM76
    |       `--O. spinulosa Beaumont 1953 BM76
    `--+--+--Argogorytes BM76
       |  `--Neogorytes Bohart in Bohart & Menke 1976 BM76
       |       `--*N. ecuadorae Bohart in Bohart & Menke 1976 BM76
       `--+--Exeirus Shuckard 1838 [=Exirus Schulz 1906] BM76
          |    `--*E. lateritius Shuckard 1838 C85 [incl. Sphecius lanio Stal 1857 C85, E. lanio BM76]
          `--+--+--Alyssontini PK17
             |  `--Nyssonini PK17
             `--+--Heliocausina SN18
                `--Bembicini SN18
                     |--+--Ammatomus SN18
                     |  `--Tanyoprymnus Cameron 1905 SN18, BM76 [incl. Ceratostizus Rohwer 1921 BM76]
                     |       `--T. moneduloides (Packard 1867) (see below for synonymy) BM76
                     `--+--+--Stizini SN18
                        |  `--Bembicina BM76
                        `--+--Sphecius SN18
                           `--Gorytina SN18

Bembicidae incertae sedis:
  Handlirschia Kohl 1896 BM76
    |--*H. aethiops (Handlirsch 1889) [=Sphecius aethiops] BM76
    `--H. tricolor Gess 1973 BM76
  Pterygorytes Bohart 1967 BM76
    |--*P. valens (Fox 1897) [=Gorytes valens] BM76
    `--P. triangularis (Smith 1873) [=Gorytes triangularis] BM76
  Kohlia Handlirsch 1895 [incl. Stizobembex Gussakovskij 1952] BM76
    |--*K. cephalotes Handlirsch 1895 BM76
    |--K. coxalis Morice 1897 BM76
    `--K. pavlovskii (Gussakovskij 1952) [=*Stizobembix pavlovskii] BM76

Tanyoprymnus moneduloides (Packard 1867) [=Gorytes moneduloides, *Ceratostizus moneduloides; incl. G. belfragei Cresson 1872, *Tanyoprymnus longitarsis Cameron 1905] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[SN18] Sann, M., O. Niehuis, R. S. Peters, C. Mayer, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, S. Bank, K. Meusemann, B. Misof, C. Bleidorn & M. Ohl. 2018. Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 71.

Stizini

Bembecinus tridens, copyright Pierre Bornand.

Belongs within: Bembicidae.
Contains: Stizus, Stizoides.

The Stizini are a group of rather stout wasps that prey on Orthoptera, mantids or Auchenorrhyncha (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Eyes converging below (sometimes only slightly), ocelli well developed. Labrum exserted but exposed area broader than long, palpal formula 6-4. Scutum with admedian lines well separated, notauli absent or faint, oblique scutal carina present, scutellum with lamelliform edge overlapping metanotum. Omaulus absent, acetabular carina and sternaulus absent, episternal and scrobal sulci forming a continuous arc, the episternal-scrobal sulcus (absent in Bembecinus), thus defining a hypoepimeral area. Metapleuron consisting of upper metapleural area only, separated by a sulcus from propodeum; upper lateral surface of propodeum not spined nor dentate, propodeal enclosure extending far onto vertical slope. Midcoxae slightly separated, midtibia with two apical spurs (except a few Stizoides), arolia equal on all legs (except some female Bembecinus), female with a foretarsal rake, plantulae absent. Forewing with media diverging close to or before cu-a, prestigmal length of submarginal cell I much more than length of wing beyond marginal cell, stigma small, three submarginal cells, II not petiolate (except some Bembecinus), receiving both recurrent veins. Hindwing costa well developed, media diverging before cu-a, jugal lobe about half as long as anal area. Gaster sessile, tergum I nearly as broad as II, sternum I with a median ridge toward base, male with seven visible terga, VII with laterobasal spiracular lobes, male sternum VIII with three distal prongs, male genitalia with volsella differentiated into cuspis and digitus, female pygidial plate often absent or weakly indicated.

<==Stizini [Stizina] BM76
    |--+--Stizus BM76
    |  `--Stizoides BM76
    `--Bembecinus Costa 1859 (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--*B. meridionalis Costa 1859 C85
         |--B. acanthomerus (Morice 1911) [=Stizus acanthomerus] BM76
         |--B. aemulus (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus aemulus] BM76
         |--B. agilis (Smith 1873) B96 (see below for synonymy)
         |--B. alternatus van der Vecht 1949 BM76
         |--B. angustifrons (Arnold 1940) [=Stizus angustifrons] BM76
         |--B. anthracinus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus anthracinus] BM76
         |    |--B. a. anthracinus BM76
         |    |--B. a. mukodzimaensis Tsuneki 1970 BM76
         |    `--B. a. ogasawaraensis Tsuneki 1970 BM76
         |--B. antipodum (Handlirsch 1882) [=Stizus antipodum] C85
         |--B. argentifrons (Smith 1856) [=Larra argentifrons] BM76
         |--B. asiaticus Gussakovskij 1936 BM76
         |--B. asphaltites Beaumont 1968 BM76
         |--B. assentator (Arnold 1945) [=Stizus assentator] BM76
         |--B. asuncionis (Strand 1910) [=Stizus asuncionis] BM76
         |--B. ater Bohart 1996 B96
         |--B. atratus (Arnold 1936) [=Stizus atratus] BM76
         |--B. barbarus (Beaumont 1950) [=Stizus barbarus] BM76
         |--B. barkeri (Arnold 1940) [=Stizus barkeri] BM76
         |--B. berlandi Willink 1952 BM76
         |--B. bernardi Beaumont 1954 BM76
         |--B. bicinctus (Taschenberg 1875) [=Larra bicincta] BM76
         |--B. bidens (Arnold 1933) [=Stizus bidens] BM76
         |--B. bimaculatus (Matsumura & Uchida 1926) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--B. bishoppi Krombein & Willink 1951 B96
         |--B. boer (Handlirsch 1900) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--B. bolivari (Handlirsch 1892) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--B. borneanus (Cameron 1903) [=Stizus borneanus] BM76
         |--B. braunsii (Handlirsch 1894) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--B. bredoi (Arnold 1940) [=Stizus bredoi] BM76
         |--B. bridarollii Willink 1949 BM76
         |--B. buyssoni (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus buyssoni; incl. S. flavitarsis Arnold 1960] BM76
         |--B. bytinskii Beaumont 1954 BM76
         |--B. caffer (Saussure 1854) [=Stizus caffer] BM76
         |--B. carinatus Lohmann 1942 BM76
         |--B. carpetanus (Mercet 1906) [=Stizus carpetanus] BM76
         |--B. cinguliger (Smith 1856) [=Larra cinguliger; incl. Stizus clavicornis Handlirsch 1892] BM76
         |--B. clypearis Bohart 1996 B96
         |--B. comberi (Turner 1912) [=Stizus comberi] BM76
         |--B. comechingon Willink 1949 BM76
         |--B. consobrinus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus consobrinus] BM76
         |--B. corpulentus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus corpulentus] BM76
         |--B. crassipes (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus crassipes] BM76
         |--B. cyanescens (Radoszkowski 1887) [=Stizus cyanescens] BM76
         |--B. cyprius Beaumont 1954 BM76
         |    |--B. c. cyprius BM76
         |    |--B. c. creticus Beaumont 1961 BM76
         |    `--B. c. rhodius Beaumont 1960 BM76
         |--B. dentipes (Gussakovskij 1933) [=Stizus dentipes] BM76
         |--B. dentiventris (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus dentiventris] BM76
         |--B. diacanthus Beaumont 1967 BM76
         |--B. discolor (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus discolor] BM76
         |--B. distinctus (Arnold 1955) [=Stizus distinctus] BM76
         |--B. egens (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus egens] C85
         |--B. escalerae (Turner 1912) [=Stizus escalerae] BM76
         |--B. facialis (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus facialis] BM76
         |--B. fertoni (Handlirsch 1908) [=Stizus fertoni] BM76
         |--B. flavipes (Smith 1856) [=Larra flavipes] BM76
         |--B. flavopictus (Arnold 1936) [=Stizus flavopictus] BM76
         |--B. flexuosefasciatus (Mantero 1917) [=Stizus flexuosefasciatus] BM76
         |--B. floridanus Krombein & Willink 1951 B96, BM76 [=B. nanus floridanus BM76]
         |--B. fraterculus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus fraterculus] BM76
         |--B. gazagnairei (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus gazagnairei] BM76
         |--B. gorytoides (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus gorytoides] C85
         |--B. gracilicornis (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus gracilicornis; incl. S. barrei Radoszkowski 1893] BM76
         |--B. gracilis (Schulthess 1893) [=Stizus gracilis] BM76
         |--B. gusenleitneri Beaumont 1967 BM76
         |--B. gynandromorphus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus gynandromorphus] BM76
         |--B. haemorrhoidalis (Handlirsch 1900) [=Stizus haemorrhoidalis] BM76
         |--B. haplocerus (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus haplocerus] BM76
         |--B. hebraeus Beaumont 1968 BM76
         |--B. herbsti (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus herbsti] BM76
         |--B. hirtiusculus (Arnold 1945) [=Stizus hirtiusculus] BM76
         |--B. hirtula (Smith 1856) [=Larra hirtula] C85
         |--B. hoplites (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus hoplites] BM76
         |    |--B. h. hoplites BM76
         |    `--B. h. minor (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus minor] BM76
         |--B. hungaricus (Frivaldsky 1876) [=Larra hungarica] BM76
         |    |--B. h. hungaricus BM76
         |    |--B. h. amamiensis Tsuneki 1965 BM76
         |    |--B. h. formosanus (Sonan 1928) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |    |--B. h. japonicus (Sonan 1934) [=Stizus japonicus; incl. S. hirsutus Sonan 1934] BM76
         |    |--B. h. sibiricus (Mocsáry 1901) [=Stizus sibiricus] BM76
         |    `--B. h. verhoeffi Tsuneki 1965 BM76
         |--B. hyperocrus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus hyperocrus] BM76
         |--B. inermis (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus inermis; incl. S. pacificus Turner 1917] BM76
         |--B. innocens Beaumont 1967 BM76
         |--B. insularis (Handlirsch 1892) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--B. jacksoni (Arnold 1955) [=Stizus jacksoni] BM76
         |--B. javanus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus javanus] BM76
         |--B. kachelibae (Arnold 1960) [=Stizus kachelibae] BM76
         |--B. karooensis (Arnold 1936) [=Stizus karooensis] BM76
         |--B. kobrowi (Arnold 1936) [=Stizus kobrowi] BM76
         |--B. kotschyi (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus kotschyi] BM76
         |--B. kuehlhorni Willink 1953 BM76
         |--B. lateralis (Bingham 1897) [=Stizus lateralis] BM76
         |--B. latericaudatus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus latericaudatus] BM76
         |--B. laterimacula (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus laterimacula] BM76
         |    |--B. l. laterimacula BM76
         |    |--B. l. euteles (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus euteles] BM76
         |    `--B. l. fraudulentus (Arnold 1951) [=Stizus fraudulentus] BM76
         |--B. laticinctus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus laticinctus] BM76
         |--B. latifascia (Walker 1871) [=Larra latifascia] BM76
         |--B. littoralis van der Vecht 1949 BM76
         |--B. lomii (Guiglia 1945) [=Stizus lomii] BM76
         |--B. loriculatus (Smith 1856) [=Larra loriculata] BM76
         |--B. maior (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus maior, S. major Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
         |--B. mattheyi (Beaumont 1951) [=Stizus mattheyi] BM76
         |--B. mayri (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus mayri] BM76
         |--B. mexicanus (Handlirsch 1892) B96 (see below for synonymy)
         |--B. mirus (Arnold 1945) [=Stizus mirus] BM76
         |--B. mitulus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus mitulus] BM76
         |--B. modestus (Smith 1860) [=Larra modesta] BM76
         |--B. moneduloides (Smith 1856) [=Larra moneduloides] BM76
         |--B. monodi (Berland 1950) [=Stizus monodi] BM76
         |--B. monodon (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus monodon] BM76
         |--B. multiguttatus (Arnold 1951) [=Stizus multiguttatus] BM76
         |--B. mutabilis (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus mutabilis] BM76
         |--B. naefi (Beaumont 1951) [=Stizus naefi] BM76
         |--B. nambui Tsuneki 1973 BM76
         |--B. nanus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus nanus] BM76
         |--B. neglectus (Cresson 1872) [=Monedula neglecta; incl. Stizus xanthochrous Handlirsch 1892] BM76
         |--B. nemoralis (Arnold 1960) [=Stizus nemoralis] BM76
         |--B. nigriclypeus (Sonan 1928) [=Stizus nigriclypeus] BM76
         |--B. nyamadanus Tsuneki 1974 BM76
         |--B. nyasae (Turner 1912) [=Stizus nyasae] BM76
         |    |--B. n. nyasae BM76
         |    `--B. n. robustus (Arnold 1951) [=Stizus robustus] BM76
         |--B. oxydorcus (Handlirsch 1900) [=Stizus oxydorcus; incl. S. johannis Cameron 1905] BM76
         |--B. ‘pacificus’ Tsuneki 1968 non Stizus pacificus Turner 1917 BM76
         |--B. pallidicinctus van der Vecht 1949 BM76
         |--B. papuanus (Cameron 1906) [=Stizus papuanus] BM76
         |--B. penpuchiensis Tsuneki 1968 BM76
         |--B. peregrinus (Smith 1856) [=Larra peregrina; incl. B. erberi Mocsáry 1881] BM76
         |    |--B. p. peregrinus BM76
         |    `--B. p. biarmatus Mocsáry 1883 BM76
         |--B. podager (Beaumont 1949) [=Stizus podager] BM76
         |--B. polychromus (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus polychromus] BM76
         |--B. posterus (Sonan 1928) [=Stizus posterus] BM76
         |--B. prismaticus (Smith 1858) [=Larra prismatica] BM76
         |--B. proteus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus proteus] BM76
         |--B. proximus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus proximus] BM76
         |--B. pulchellus (Mercet 1906) [=Stizus pulchellus] BM76
         |--B. pusillus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus pusillus] BM76
         |--B. quadristrigatus (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus quadristrigatus] BM76
         |    |--B. q. quadristrigatus BM76
         |    |--B. q. dubiosus (Guiglia 1945) [=Stizus dubiosus] BM76
         |    `--B. q. somalicus (Arnold 1940) [=Stizus somalicus] BM76
         |--B. quinquespinosus (Say 1823) (see below for synonymy) B96
         |--B. rectilateralis (Arnold 1945) [=Stizus rectilateralis] BM76
         |--B. reversus (Smith 1856) [=Larra reversa] BM76
         |--B. revindicatus (Schulz 1906) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |    |--B. r. revindicatus BM76
         |    `--B. r. anatolicus Beaumont 1968 BM76
         |--B. rhopaloceroides (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus rhopaloceroides] BM76
         |--B. rhopalocerus (Handlirsch 1895) [=Stizus rhopalocerus] BM76
         |--B. schwarzi Beaumont 1967 BM76
         |--B. semperi (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus semperi] BM76
         |--B. signatus (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus signatus] C85
         |--B. simillimus (Smith 1859) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--B. sipapomae (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus sipapomae] BM76
         |--B. solitarius (Arnold 1936) [=Stizus solitarius] BM76
         |--B. spinicornis (Saussure 1887) [=Stizolarra spinicornis] BM76
         |--B. spinifemur (Beaumont 1949) [=Stizus spinifemur] BM76
         |--B. strenuus (Mickel 1917) [=Stizus strenuus, B. nanus strenuus] B96
         |--B. suada (Smith 1864) [=Larra suada] BM76
         |--B. sudanensis (Arnold 1951) [=Stizus sudanensis] BM76
         |--B. tanoi Tsuneki 1971 BM76
         |--B. tenellus (Klug 1845) [=Larra tenella] BM76
         |--B. touareg Beaumont 1954 BM76
         |--B. trichionotus (Cameron 1913) [=Stizus trichionotus] BM76
         |--B. tridens (Fabricius 1781) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |    |--B. t. tridens BM76
         |    |--B. t. caesius (Compte Sart 1959) [=Stizus caesius] BM76
         |    |--B. t. errans Beaumont 1950 BM76
         |    |--B. t. insulanus Beaumont 1954 BM76
         |    `--B. t. mongolicus Tsuneki 1970 BM76
         |--B. turneri (Froggatt 1917) [=Stizus turneri] C85
         |--B. validior Gussakovskij 1952 BM76
         |--B. varians (Arnold 1945) [=Stizus varians] BM76
         |--B. veniperdus (Lohrmann 1942) [=Stizus veniperdus] BM76
         |--B. versicolor (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus versicolor] BM76
         |--B. wheeleri Krombein & Willink 1951 BM76
         |--B. witzebergensis (Arnold 1929) [=Stizus witzenbergensis] BM76
         `--B. zibanensis (Morice 1911) [=Stizus zibanensis] BM76

Bembecinus Costa 1859 [incl. Gorystizus Pate 1937, Lavia Rayment 1953 (n. n.) non Gray 1838, Stizomorphus Costa 1859] BM76

Bembecinus agilis (Smith 1873) B96 [=Larra agilis B96; incl. L. cingulata Smith 1856 non Fabricius 1798 B96, Bembidula ornaticauda Cameron 1912 B96, Bicyrtes ornaticauda BM76]

Bembecinus bimaculatus (Matsumura & Uchida 1926) [=Stizus bimaculatus; incl. S. okinawanus Sonan 1928, Bembecinus ryukyuensis Tsuneki 1968] BM76

Bembecinus boer (Handlirsch 1900) [=Stizus boer; incl. Stizus rufipes Arnold 1929 non Liris rufipes Fabricius 1804, S. willowmorensis Arnold 1936] BM76

Bembecinus bolivari (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus bolivari; incl. S. arechavaletai Brèthes 1909, Larra dubia Smith 1856 non Panzer 1806-1809, S. excisus Handlirsch 1892, S. nectarinoides Ducke 1910, S. spegazzinii Brèthes 1909] BM76

Bembecinus braunsii (Handlirsch 1894) [=Stizus braunsii; incl. S. pruinosus Cameron 1910, S. pulchritinctus Cameron 1912] BM76

Bembecinus hungaricus formosanus (Sonan 1928) [incl. Stizus kotoshonus Sonan 1934, S. quadrimaculatus Sonan 1928, S. quinquemaculatus Sonan 1928] BM76

Bembecinus insularis (Handlirsch 1892) [=Stizus insularis; incl. B. sarawakensis Parker 1937, S. socius Handlirsch 1892, B. stenaspis Parker 1937] BM76

Bembecinus mexicanus (Handlirsch 1892) B96 [=Stizus mexicanus B96; incl. Stizus chichimeca Saussure 1892 B96, Stizolarra chichimeca BM76, Stizus guttulatus Handlirsch 1892 B96]

Bembecinus quinquespinosus (Say 1823) [=Nysson quinquespinosus; incl. Nysson cressoni Cameron 1904, Stizus flavus Cameron 1890, S. godmani Cameron 1890, S. lineatus Cameron 1890 non Bembex lineatus Fabricius 1793, S. flavus subalpinus Cockerell 1898] B96

Bembecinus revindicatus (Schulz 1906) [=Stizus revindicatus; incl. S. houskai Balthasar 1954, S. schmiedeknechti Handlirsch 1900 non Handlirsch 1898] BM76

Bembecinus simillimus (Smith 1859) [=Larra simillima non Larrada simillima Smith 1856 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.); incl. Stizus magrettii Handlirsch 1892] BM76

Bembecinus tridens (Fabricius 1781) [=Vespa tridens, *Gorystizus tridens, *Stizomorphus tridens; incl. Crabro cinctus Rossi 1790, Mellinus repandus Panzer 1800, Stizus satsumanus Sonan 1934, Stizus sinuatus Latreille 1804-1805] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B96] Bohart, R. M. 1996. A review of Bembecinus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Stizini) in North and Central America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 517–526.

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Alyssontini

Alysson oppositus, copyright Centre for Biodiversity Genomics.

Belongs within: Bembicidae.

The Alyssontini are a group of small, slender wasps found in Eurasia, Africa and North America that stock their nests with species of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976, as Alyssonini): Eyes broadly separated, inner orbits essentially parallel or converging slightly below; ocelli well developed. Labrum small, usually concealed; palpal formula 6-4. Scutum with admedian lines close together, sometimes short or faint; notauli absent; no oblique scutal carina but tegula partly covered by lateral scutal flange; scutellum normally convex, not overlapping metanotum. Omaulus present; no acetabular carina nor sternaulus; episternal sulcus undefined above, represented by a pitted remnant between lower end of omaulus and anteroventral pleural margin; scrobal sulcus extending to omaulus, extension horizontal in Alysson but obliquely downward in Didineis. Metapleuron consisting of upper area only, tapering below; propodeum rather long, depressed, rectilinear, areolate, bearing small dorsolateral teeth or angles. Midcoxae approximate, precoxal sulcus complete; midtibia with two apical spurs, one or none (in some male Didineis); foretarsal rake of female weakly developed; plantulae present. Forewing media diverging before or after cu-a; stigma rather large (area greater than that of tegula); three submarginal cells, II petiolate and receiving second or both recurrent veins. Hindwing media diverging before cu-a; jugal lobe small. Gaster sessile; sternum I with a double carina toward base; male with seven visible sterna in addition to protruding pair of spines from sternum VIII; male genitalia with long gonobase, volsella rather simple but elongate, cuspis and digitus not differentiated; female pygidial plate distinct, sharply edged, setose.

<==Alyssontini SN18
    |--Didineis Wesmael 1852 BM76
    |    |--*D. lunicornis (Fabricius 1798) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--D. aculeata (Cresson 1865) [=Alyson aculeatus] BM76
    |    |--D. bactriana Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |--D. barbieri Beaumont 1968 BM76
    |    |--D. botscharnikovi Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |--D. bucharica Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |--D. clavimana Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |--D. crassicornis Handlirsch 1888 BM76
    |    |--D. dilata Malloch & Rohwer 1930 BM76
    |    |--D. koshevnikovi Kokujev 1906 BM76
    |    |--D. latimana Malloch & Roher 1930 BM76
    |    |--D. latro (Beaumont 1967) [=Alysson latro] BM76
    |    |--D. nigricans Morice 1911 BM76
    |    |--D. nodosa Fox 1894 [incl. D. clypeata Malloch & Rohwer 1930, D. santacrucae Bradley 1920] BM76
    |    |--D. ogloblini Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |--D. orientalis Cameron 1897 BM76
    |    |--D. pannonica Handlirsch 1888 BM76
    |    |--D. peculiaris Fox 1895 BM76
    |    |--D. ruthenica Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |--D. sibirica Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |    |--D. s. sibirica BM76
    |    |    `--D. s. nipponica Tsuneki 1968 BM76
    |    |--D. stevensi Rohwer 1923 BM76
    |    |--D. texana (Cresson 1872) [=Alyson texanus] BM76
    |    |--D. turanica Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    |    |--D. vierecki Rohwer 1911 [incl. D. crassicornis Viereck 1906 non Handlirsch 1888] BM76
    |    |--D. wuestneii Handlirsch 1888 BM76
    |    `--D. zimini Gussakovskij 1937 BM76
    `--Alysson Panzer 1806 [=Allyson (l. c.), Alyson Jurine 1807] BM76
         |--*A. spinosus (Panzer 1801) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |    |--A. s. spinosus BM76
         |    `--A. s. jaroslavensis Kokujev 1906 BM76
         |--A. annulipes Cameron 1897 BM76
         |--A. cameroni Yasumatsu & Masuda 1933 BM76
         |--A. conicus Provancher 1889 BM76
         |--A. costai Beaumont 1953 BM76
         |--A. erythrothorax Cameron 1902 BM76
         |--A. flavomaculatus Cameron 1901 [=Alyson flavomaculatus] BM76
         |--A. formosanus Tsuneki 1968 BM76
         |--A. guichardi Arnold 1951 BM76
         |--A. guignardi Provancher 1887 [incl. A. interstitialis Cameron 1902, A. petiolatus Cameron 1902] BM76
         |--A. guillarmodi Arnold 1944 BM76
         |--A. harbinensis Tsuneki 1967 BM76
         |--A. katkovi Kokujev 1906 BM76
         |--A. madecassus Arnold 1945 BM76
         |--A. maracandensis Radoszkowski 1877 [incl. A. incertus Radoszkowski 1877] BM76
         |--A. melleus Say 1837 BM76
         |--A. ocellatus Beaumont 1967 BM76
         |--A. oppositus Say 1837 BM76
         |--A. pertheesi Gorski 1852 [incl. A. festivus Mocsáry 1879] BM76
         |--A. pictetii Handlirsch 1895 BM76
         |--A. radiatus Fox 1894 BM76
         |--A. ratzeburgi Dahlbom 1843 BM76
         |--A. ruficollis Cameron 1898 BM76
         |--A. seyrigi Arnold 1945 BM76
         |--A. striatus Fox 1894 BM76
         |--A. taiwanus Sonan 1947 BM76
         |--A. testaceitarsis Cameron 1902 BM76
         |--‘Alyson’ tomentosum Macleay 1826 (n. d.) C85
         |--A. triangulifer Provancher 1887 BM76
         |    |--A. t. triangulifer BM76
         |    `--A. t. shawi Bradley 1920 BM76
         |--A. tricolor Lepeletier & Serville 1825 BM76
         `--A. verhoeffi Tsuneki 1967 BM76

*Alysson spinosus (Panzer 1801) [=Pompilus spinosus, *Alyson spinosus; incl. Sphex bimaculatus Panzer 1798 non Fuesslin 1775] BM76

*Didineis lunicornis (Fabricius 1798) [=Pompilus lunicornis, Alyson lunicornis; incl. Didineis kennedii Curtis 1836] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[SN18] Sann, M., O. Niehuis, R. S. Peters, C. Mayer, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, S. Bank, K. Meusemann, B. Misof, C. Bleidorn & M. Ohl. 2018. Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 71.

Nyssonini

Metanysson coahuila, copyright CBG Photography Group.

Belongs within: Bembicidae.
Contains: Epinysson, Zanysson, Nysson, Synnevrus, Brachystegus.

The Nyssonini are a group of medium-sized to small wasps, usually with a heavily armoured integument, that are kleptoparasites of other Bembicidae or Crabronidae (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Eyes converging below, often strongly, inner margins slightly to moderately emarginate above; ocelli well developed. Labrum small to rather large, in latter case broadly subrectanpular; palpal formula 6-4; pronotum closely appressed to scutum. Scutum with admedian lines fused into a single line at or very near anterior edge; notauli absent; with oblique scutal carina; scutellum without posterior overlapping edge. Omaulus usually present, sometimes indistinct; acetabular carina present, sometimes faint; subomaulus present; episternal and scrobal sulci absent or evanescent; sternaulus absent; verticaulus sometimes present. Metapleuron not always separated from propodeum by a distinct sulcus or line beneath upper metapleural pit; propodeum usually spined dorsolaterally. Midcoxae widely separated, precoxal sulcus complete or sometimes obscure; midtibia usually with two apical spurs (exceptionally one); foretarsal rake weak or absent; arolia small or absent; plantulae present but usually very small. Forewing media usually diverging at or before cu-a; stigma usually rather small; two or three submarginal cells, true second cell petiolate (when present) and receiving at least one recurrent vein. Hindwing media diverging before to after cu-a; jugal lobe small or absent. Gaster with tergum I nearly as broad as II and with lateral line or carina; sternum I with a double ridge converging basally; male with seven visible terga; male sternum VIII simple; male genitalia with volsella undifferentiated into cuspis and digitus; female pygidial plate usually well developed but sometimes indistinct, and with entire pygidium serrate or multidentate.

<==Nyssonini BM76
    |  i. s.: Epinysson BM76
    |         Zanysson BM76
    |         Neonysson Bohart 1968 BM76
    |           |--*N. porteri (Ruiz 1936) [=Nysson porteri] BM76
    |           `--N. herbsti Bohart 1968 BM76
    |         Hovanysson Arnold 1945 BM76
    |           |--*H. camelus (Arnold 1945) [=Brachystegus camelus] BM76
    |           `--H. albibarbis (Arnold 1945) [=Nysson albibarbis] BM76
    |--+--Nursea Cameron 1902 BM76
    |  |    `--*N. carinata Cameron 1902 BM76
    |  `--Nippononysson Yasumatsu & Maidl 1936 BM76
    |       |--*N. rufopictus Yasumatsu & Maidl 1936 BM76
    |       |--N. adiaphilus Krombein 1943 BM76
    |       `--N. inexspectatus Beaumont 1967 BM76
    `--+--+--Nysson BM76
       |  |--Synnevrus BM76
       |  `--Hyponysson Cresson 1882 BM76
       |       |--*H. bicolor Cresson 1882 BM76
       |       `--H. raui (Rohwer 1917) [=Nysson raui] BM76
       `--+--+--+--Brachystegus BM76
          |  |  `--Heterogyna [Heterogynaidae] SN18
          |  |       `--H. nocticola SN18
          |  `--Acanthostethus Smith 1869 [incl. Spalagia Shuckard 1840 (n. n.)] BM76
          |       |--A. mysticus (Gerstäcker 1867) [=Nysson mysticus; incl. *A. basalis Smith 1869] C85
          |       |--A. brisbanenssi (Turner 1915) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) brisbanensis] C85
          |       |--A. confertus (Turner 1915) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) confertus] C85
          |       |--A. gilberti (Turner 1915) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) gilberti] C85
          |       |--A. hentyi (Rayment 1953) [=Nysson hentyi] C85
          |       |--A. minimus (Turner 1915) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) minimus] C85
          |       |--A. moerens (Turner 1915) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) moerens] C85
          |       |--A. nudiventris (Turner 1915) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) nudiventris] C85
          |       |--A. obliteratus (Turner 1910) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) obliteratus] C85
          |       |--A. portlandensis (Rayment 1953) [=Nysson portlandensis] C85
          |       |--A. punctatissimus (Turner 1908) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) punctatissimus] C85
          |       |--A. saussurei (Handlirsch 1887) [=Nysson saussurei] C85
          |       |--A. spiniger (Turner 1908) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) spiniger] C85
          |       |--A. tasmanicus (Turner 1915) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) tasmanicus] C85
          |       `--A. triangularis (Turner 1940) [=Nysson (Acanthostethus) triangularis] C85
          `--+--+--Perisson Pate 1938 BM76
             |  |    `--*P. basirufus (Brèthes 1913) [=Nysson basirufus] BM76
             |  |--Cresson Pate 1938 [=Cressonius Bradley 1956] BM76
             |  |    `--*C. parvispinosus (Reed 1894) [=Nysson parvispinosus] BM76
             |  |--Antomartinezius Fritz 1955 BM76
             |  |    |--*A. patei (Fritz 1955) [=Cresson patei] BM76
             |  |    |--A. boharti Fritz 1973 BM76
             |  |    `--A. fritzi Bohart 1968 BM76
             |  `--Foxia Ashmead 1898 BM76
             |       |--*F. pacifica Ashmead 1898 BM76
             |       |--F. cuna Pate 1938 BM76
             |       |--F. deserticola Fritz 1959 BM76
             |       |--F. divergens (Ducke 1903) [=Nysson divergens] BM76
             |       |--F. garciai Fritz 1972 BM76
             |       |--F. martinezi Fritz 1972 BM76
             |       |--F. navajo Pate 1938 BM76
             |       |--F. pirita Fritz 1972 BM76
             |       |--F. secunda (Rohwer 1921) [=Nysson secundus] BM76
             |       `--F. tercera Fritz 1972 BM76
             `--+--Losada Pate 1940 BM76
                |    |--*L. paria Pate 1940 BM76
                |    |--L. mutilloides (Ducke 1903) [=Nysson mutilloides] BM76
                |    `--L. penai Fritz 1973 BM76
                |--Idionysson Pate 1940 BM76
                |    |--*I. borero Pate 1940 BM76
                |    |--I. chrysozonus (Gerstaecker 1867) [=Nysson chrysozonus] BM76
                |    `--I. cordialis Fritz 1970 BM76
                `--Metanysson Ashmead 1899 [incl. Huachuca Pate 1938] BM76
                     |--*M. solani (Cockerell 1895) [=Nysson solani] BM76
                     |--M. alfkeni (Ducke 1904) [=Nysson alfkeni] BM76
                     |--M. arivaipa Pate 1938 [=*Huachuca arivaipa] BM76
                     |--M. carcavalloi Fritz 1959 BM76
                     |--M. catamarcensis (Schrottky 1910) [=Paranysson catamarcensis] BM76
                     |--M. cicheroi Fritz 1973 BM76
                     |--M. coahuila Pate 1938 BM76
                     |--M. diezguitas Fritz 1958 BM76
                     |--M. foersteri Fritz 1958 BM76
                     |--M. fraternus Fritz 1970 BM76
                     |--M. horacioi Fritz 1973 BM76
                     |--M. layano Pate 1938 BM76
                     |--M. lipan Pate 1938 BM76
                     |--M. toba Fritz 1973 BM76
                     |--M. tropicalis Fritz 1970 BM76
                     `--M. yavapai Pate 1938 BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[SN18] Sann, M., O. Niehuis, R. S. Peters, C. Mayer, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, S. Bank, K. Meusemann, B. Misof, C. Bleidorn & M. Ohl. 2018. Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 71.

Bembix

Bembix oculata, copyright Alvesgaspar.

Belongs within: Bembicina.

Bembix, sand wasps, is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps that nest in burrows in sandy soils and provision their nests with flies (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976): Eyes usually diverging slightly below, least interocular distance generally greater than length of flagellomere I; midocellus reduced to an arcuate line (except in a very few species which have traces of a lens); vertex slightly below top of eyes; clypeus relatively short, broad, arched, apically concave; labrum sometimes more than twice as long as broad, often notched apically, usually flattened toward base; palpal formula 4-2, rarely 3-1; mandible subapically dentate; area of scutum between admedian lines a moderate but distinct welt; legs variable but many species with midfemur serrate below and/or dentate subapically; forewing with veinlet between first two submarginal ceils usually markedly crooked; hindwing media diverging beyond cu-a by a length usually about equal to cu-a; male tergum VII with spiracular lobes and sometimes with a laterobasal tooth on main section; male sternum II often with a keel, VI often with a process of varying form; male sternum VIII ending in a downcurved spine.

Bembix Fabricius 1775 C85 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*B. rostrata (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--B. r. rostrata BM76
    |    `--B. r. algeriensis Schulz 1905 BM76
    |--B. abata Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. abercornensis Arnold 1960 BM76
    |--B. abragensis Priesner 1958 BM76
    |--B. admirabilis Radoszkowski 1893 BM76
    |--B. affinis Dahlbom 1844 BM76
    |--B. afra Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. agrestis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. alacris Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. albicapilla Arnold 1946 BM76
    |--B. albidula Turner 1917 BM76
    |--B. albofasciata Smith 1873 [incl. B. karschii Handlirsch 1893] BM76
    |--B. albopilosa Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. aldabra Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. alfierii Priesner 1958 BM76
    |--B. allunga Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. americana Fabricius 1793 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--B. a. americana BM76
    |    |--B. a. antilleana Evans & Matthews 1968 BM76
    |    |--B. a. comata Parker 1917 [incl. B. nevadensis Rodeck 1934] BM76
    |    |--B. a. hamata Fox 1923 [incl. B. lucida Fox 1923, B. sanctaerosae Cockerell 1940] BM76
    |    |--B. a. nicolai Cockerell 1938 BM76
    |    `--B. a. spinolae Lepeletier 1845 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--B. amoena Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. anomalipes Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. arenaria Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. arlettae Beaumont 1970 BM76
    |--B. atrifrons Smith 1856 [=Bembex atrifrons; incl. Bembex flavilabris Smith 1873, Bembex funebris Turner 1910] C85
    |--B. atrospinosa Turner 1917 BM76
    |--B. aureofasciata Turner 1910 [=Bembex aureofasciata] C85
    |--B. barbara Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. baringa Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. bataviana Strand 1910 BM76
    |--B. baumanni Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. bazilanensis Yasumatsu 1933 BM76
    |--B. belfragei Cresson 1873 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--B. bellatrix Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. bequaerti Arnold 1929 BM76
    |    |--B. b. bequaerti BM76
    |    `--B. b. dira Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. berontha Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. bicolor Radoszkowski 1877 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--B. bidentata Vander Linden 1829 [incl. B. dalmatica Kriechbaumer 1869] BM76
    |--B. boaliri Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. boonamin Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. borneana Cameron 1901 BM76
    |--B. borrei Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |    |--B. b. borrei BM76
    |    |--B. b. bariensis Tsuneki 1974 BM76
    |    `--B. b. thaiana Tsuneki 1963 BM76
    |--B. brachyptera Arnold 1952 BM76
    |--B. braunsii Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. brullei Guérin-Méneville 1831 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--B. brunneri Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. bubalus Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. budha Handlirsch 1893 [=B. buddha Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
    |--B. bulloni Giner Marí 1945] BM76
    |--B. buntor Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. burando Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. burraburra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. cameroni Rohwer 1912 [incl. B. festiva Parker 1929, B. rohweri Lohrmann 1948] BM76
    |--B. cameronis Handlirsch 1893 [=B. cameronii (l. c.)] BM76
    |--B. canescens (Gmelin 1790) [=Apis canescens] BM76
    |--B. capensis Lepeletier 1845 [incl. B. miscella Mercet 1904, B. natalis Dahlbom 1845] BM76
    |--B. capicola Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. carinata Smith 1856 [incl. B. undulata Dahlbom 1845 non Spinola 1838, B. venator Smith 1856] BM76
    |--B. carripan Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. chlorotica Spinola 1838 BM76
    |--B. chopardi Berland 1950 BM76
    |--B. ciliciensis Beaumont 1967 BM76
    |--B. cinctella Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |    |--B. c. cinctella BM76
    |    `--B. c. enslini Bytinski-Salz 1955 BM76
    |--B. cinerea Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. citripes Taschenberg 1870 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--B. compedita Turner 1913 [incl. B. kohlii Turner 1912 non Morice 1897] BM76
    |--B. cooba Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. coonundura Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. cultrifera Arnold 1929 BM76
    |    |--B. c. cultrifera BM76
    |    `--B. c. ypsilon Arnold 1951 BM76
    |--B. cursitans Handlirsch 1894 [=Bembex cursitans] C85
    |--B. dahlbomii Handlirsch 1893 [incl. B. glauca Dahlbom 1845 non Fabricius 1787] BM76
    |    |--B. d. dahlbomii BM76
    |    `--B. d. sabulosa Bytinski-Salz 1955 BM76
    |--B. denticauda Arnold 1946 BM76
    |--B. dentilabris Handlirsch 1893 [incl. B. arcuata Parker 1917, B. u-scripta Fox 1895] BM76
    |--B. difformis Handlirsch 1893 [=Microbembex difformis] BM76
    |--B. dilatata Radoszkowski 1877 BM76
    |--B. diversidens Arnold 1946 BM76
    |--B. diversipennis Smith 1873 BM76
    |--B. diversipes Morawitz 1889 BM76
    |--B. doriae Magretti 1884 [incl. B. arabica Lohrmann 1942] BM76
    |--B. dubia Gussakovskij 1934 BM76
    |--B. eburnea Radoszkowski 1877 [incl. B. kirgisica Morawitz 1891] BM76
    |--B. egens Handlirsch 1894 [=Bembex egens] C85
    |--B. eleebana Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. expansa Gribodo 1894 BM76
    |--B. fantiorum Arnold 1951 BM76
    |--B. filipina Lohrmann 1942 BM76
    |--B. finschii Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. fischeri Spinola 1838 BM76
    |    |--B. f. fischeri BM76
    |    `--B. f. tibesti Beaumont 1956 BM76
    |--B. fischeroides Magretti 1892 BM76
    |--B. flavescens Smith 1856 non Vespa flavescens Fabricius 1775 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.) BM76
    |    |--B. f. flavescens BM76
    |    |--B. f. bolivari Handlirsch 1893 [incl. B. algeriensis Lohrmann 1942 non Schulz 1905] BM76
    |    |--B. f. citrina Mercet 1905 BM76
    |    |--B. f. fonti Mercet 1905 BM76
    |    |--B. f. inimica Beaumont 1957 BM76
    |    |--B. f. kittyae Beaumont 1957 BM76
    |    `--B. f. picturata Bytinski-Salz 1955 BM76
    |--B. flavifrons Smith 1856 [=Bembex flavifrons; incl. Bembex saussurei Handlirsch 1894] C85
    |--B. flavipes Smith 1856 [=Bembex flavipes; incl. Bembix brevis Lohrmann 1942] C85
    |--B. flaviventris Smith 1873 [=Bembex flaviventris; incl. Bembex calcarina Handlirsch 1894] C85
    |--B. flavocincta Turner 1912 BM76
    |--B. forcipata Handlirsch 1893 [incl. B. massaica Cameron 1910] BM76
    |--B. formosana Bischoff 1913 [incl. B. metamelanica Strand 1923] BM76
    |--B. fossoria Smith 1878 BM76
    |--B. fraudulenta Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. freygessneri Morice 1897 [incl. B. decipiens Priesner 1958, B. dissimilis Kirby 1900] BM76
    |--B. frommeri Bohart 1970 BM76
    |--B. frontalis Olivier 1789 BM76
    |--B. fucosa Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. fumida Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. furcata Erichson 1842 [=Bembex furcata] C85
    |--B. fuscipennis Lepeletier 1845 BM76
    |    |--B. f. fuscipennis BM76
    |    `--B. f. centrlais Berland 1950 BM76
    |--B. galactina Dufour 1853 [incl. B. fallax Mercet 1905, B. parkeri Lohrmann 1942] BM76
    |--B. ganglbaueri Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. gelane Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. geneana Costa 1867 [incl. B. melanostoma Costa 1867] BM76
    |--B. generosa Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. gillaspyi Evans & Matthews 1968 BM76
    |--B. ginjulla Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. glauca Fabricius 1787 [incl. B. indica Handlirsch 1893] BM76
    |--B. gobiensis Tsuneki 1971 BM76
    |--B. goyarra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. gracilens Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. gracilis Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. grisescens Dahlbom 1845 BM76
    |--B. guigliae Arnold 1951 BM76
    |--B. gunamarra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. gurindji Evans 1982 C85
    |--B. handlirschella Ferton 1912 [incl. B. handlirschi Ferton 1912 nec Cameron 1902 nec Mercet 1904] BM76
    |--B. handlirschi Cameron 1902 BM76
    |--B. harenarum Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. hedickei Giner Marí 1945 BM76
    |--B. hesione Bingham 1893 BM76
    |--B. heteracantha Gussakovskij 1934 BM76
    |--B. hexaspila Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. hinei Parker 1917 BM76
    |--B. hokarra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. holoni Bytinski-Salz 1955 BM76
    |--B. houskai Balthasar 1953 BM76
    |--B. hova Saussure 1892 BM76
    |--B. incognita Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. infumata Handlirsch 1893 [incl. B. nubilipennis Cameron 1890 non Cresson 1872] BM76
    |--B. inscripta Dahlbom 1844 BM76
    |--B. irritata Nurse 1903 BM76
    |--B. isabellae Beaumont 1970 BM76
    |--B. joeli Bytinski-Salz 1955 BM76
    |--B. johnstoni Turner 1912 [incl. B. tenebrosa Parker 1929] BM76
    |--B. jordanicus Lohrmann 1942 BM76
    |--B. junodi Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. kamulla Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. khasiana Cameron 1904 BM76
    |--B. kohlii Morice 1897 BM76
    |--B. kora Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. kriechbaumeri Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |    |--B. k. kriechbaumeri BM76
    |    `--B. k. scitula Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. kununurra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. labiata Fabricius 1798 BM76
    |--B. labidura Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. lactea Cameron 1901 BM76
    |--B. laeta Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. lamellata Handlirsch 1894 [=Bembex lamellata] C85
    |--B. latebrosa Kohl 1909 BM76
    |--B. latifasciata Turner 1915 [=Bembex latifasciata] C85
    |--B. latigenata Willink 1947 BM76
    |--B. latitarsis Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. leeuwinensis Turner 1915 [=Bembex leeuwinensis] C85
    |--B. levis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. liberiensis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. lineatifrons Cameron 1910 BM76
    |--B. littoralis Turner 1908 [=Bembex littoralis; incl. Bembix flavolatera Parker 1929] C85
    |--B. liturata Turner 1917 BM76
    |    |--B. l. liturata BM76
    |    `--B. l. flavopicta Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. liventis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. lobatifrons Turner 1913 BM76
    |--B. lobimana Handlirsch 1894 [=Bembex lobimana] C85
    |--B. longipennis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. loorea Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. loupata Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. lunata Fabricius 1793 BM76
    |--B. lusca Spinola 1838 [incl. B. pectoralis Dahlbom 1845] BM76
    |--B. lutescens Radoszkowski 1879 BM76
    |--B. luzonensis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. madecassa Saussure 1890 [incl. B. crinita Saussure 1891, B. militaris Saussure 1890] BM76
    |--B. magarra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. magdalena Fox 1926 BM76
    |--B. maidli Schulthess 1927 BM76
    |--B. maldiviensis Cameron 1902 BM76
    |--B. maliki Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. mareeba Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. marhra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. marsupiata Handlirsch 1894 [=Bembex marsupiata] C85
    |--B. megadonta Cameron 1904 BM76
    |--B. megerlei Dahlbom 1845 [incl. B. sarafschani Radoszkowski 1877, B. undata Dahlbom 1845] BM76
    |--B. melanaspis Parker 1917 BM76
    |--B. melancholica Smith 1856 BM76
    |--B. melanopa Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |    |--B. m. melanopa BM76
    |    `--B. m. algoensis Arnold 1946 [incl. B. littoralis Arnold 1929 non Turner 1908] BM76
    |--B. melanosoma Gribodo 1894 BM76
    |--B. melanura Morawitz 1889 [incl. B. asiatica Radoszkowski 1893] BM76
    |--B. merceti Parker 1929 [incl. B. handlirschi Mercet 1904 non Cameron 1902] BM76
    |--B. mianga Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. mildei Dahlbom 1845 BM76
    |--B. mima Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. minya Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. modesta Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. moebii Handlirsch 1893 [incl. B. testaceicauda Handlirsch 1893] BM76
    |--B. mokari Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. moma Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. monedula Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. moonga Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. multipicta Smith 1873 [incl. B. frioensis Parker 1929] BM76
    |--B. mundurra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. munta Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. musca Handlirsch 1894 [=Bembex musca; incl. Bembex mackayensis Turner 1910] C85
    |--B. nasuta Morice 1897 BM76
    |--B. nigrocornuta Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. nigropectinata Turner 1936 [=Bembex nigropectinata] C85
    |--B. nilotica Priesner 1958 BM76
    |--B. niponica Smith 1873 [incl. B. miserabilis Parker 1922] BM76
    |    |--B. n. niponica BM76
    |    `--B. n. picticollis Morawitz 1889 BM76
    |--B. notabilis Arnold 1952 BM76
    |--B. nubilipennis Cresson 1872 [incl. B. nubilosa Parker 1929] BM76
    |--B. nupera Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. obiri Evans 1982 C85
    |--B. obtusa Turner 1917 BM76
    |--B. occidentalis Fox 1893 [incl. B. beutenmuelleri Fox 1901, B. obsoleta Howard 1901] BM76
    |--B. ochracea Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. octosetosa Lohrmann 1942 C85
    |--B. oculata Panzer 1801 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |    |--B. o. oculata BM76
    |    |--B. o. basalis Dahlbom 1845 BM76
    |    |--B. o. candiotes Schulz 1906 BM76
    |    |--B. o. ceballosi Giner Marí 1945 BM76
    |    |--B. o. fuscilabris Mocsáry 1883 BM76
    |    |--B. o. gegen Tsuneki 1971 BM76
    |    |--B. o. mongolica Tsuneki 1971 BM76
    |    |--B. o. pannonica Mocsáry 1883 BM76
    |    `--B. o. soror Dahlbom 1845 BM76
    |--B. odontopyga Turner 1917 BM76
    |--B. olba Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. olivacea Fabricius 1787 (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--B. olivata Dahlbom 1845 [incl. B. intermedia Dahlbom 1845] BM76
    |--B. oomborra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. opima Turner 1917 BM76
    |--B. opinabilis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. orientalis Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. ornatilabiata Cameron 1910 BM76
    |--B. ourapilla Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. ovans Bingham 1893 BM76
    |--B. palaestinensis Lohrmann 1942 BM76
    |--B. ‘pallescens’ Priesner 1958 non Vespa pallescens Giorna 1791 BM76
    |--B. pallida Radoszkowski 1877 BM76
    |--B. pallidipicta Smith 1873 [incl. B. pruinosa Fox 1895] BM76
    |--B. palmata Smith 1856 [=Bembex palmata; incl. Bembex tridentifera Smith 1873] C85
    |--B. palona Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. papua Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. parkeri Lohrmann 1942 BM76
    |--B. parvula Morawitz 1896 BM76
    |--B. pectinipes Handlirsch 1893 [=Bembex pectinipes; incl. Bembex palmata Smith 1873 non Smith 1856] C85
    |--B. persa Schulthess 1927 BM76
    |--B. persimilis Turner 1917 BM76
    |--B. physopoda Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. pikati Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. pillara Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. pinguis Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. piraporae Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. placida Smith 1856 BM76
    |--B. planifrons Morawitz 1891 [incl. B. mervensis Radoszkowski 1893] BM76
    |--B. portschinskii Radoszkowski 1884 [incl. B. seminigra Morawitz 1889] BM76
    |--B. priesneri Beaumont 1965 BM76
    |--B. promontorii Lohrmann 1942 C85
    |--B. pugillatrix Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. pulka Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. quadrimaculata Taschenberg 1870 BM76
    |--B. quinquespinosa Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. radoszkowskyi Handlirsch 1893 [=B. radoszkowskii Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
    |--B. rava Arnold 1952 BM76
    |--B. recurva Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. refuscata Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. regia Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. regnata Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. relegata Turner 1917 BM76
    |--B. residua Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. robusta Lohrmann 1942 BM76
    |--B. rufiventris Priesner 1958 BM76
    |--B. rugosa Parker 1917 BM76
    |--B. salina Lohrmann 1942 BM76
    |--B. sayi Cresson 1865 [incl. B. latifrons Parker 1917] BM76
    |--B. scaura Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. scotti Turner 1912 BM76
    |--B. seculata Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. semoni Cameron 1905 BM76
    |--B. severa Smith 1873 [=Bembex severa] C85
    |--B. sibilans Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. silvestrii Maidl 1914 BM76
    |--B. sinuata Panzer 1804 [incl. B. julii Fabre 1879, B. occitana Mocsáry 1883] BM76
    |    |--B. s. sinuata BM76
    |    `--B. s. mauretanica Beaumont 1951 BM76
    |--B. smithii Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. spatulata Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. speciosa Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. spiritalis Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. splendida Arnold 1951 BM76
    |--B. stadelmanni Handlirsch 1893 [=B. stadelmannii Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
    |--B. stenobdoma Parker 1917 BM76
    |--B. stevensoni Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. subeburnea Tsuneki 1971 BM76
    |--B. sulphurescens Dahlbom 1845 BM76
    |--B. taiwana Bischoff 1913 [incl. B. kosemponis Strand 1922, B. lutea Sonan 1927] BM76
    |--B. tarsata Latreille 1809 [incl. B. cristatus Mocsáry 1883] BM76
    |--B. taschenbergii Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. tenuifasciata Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. texana Cresson 1872 [incl. B. fasciata Fabricius 1804 non Fabricius 1781] BM876
    |--B. thooma Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. tibooburra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. torosa Parker 1929 BM76
    |--B. tranquebarica (Gmelin 1790) (see below for synonymy) BM76
    |--B. transcaspica Radoszkowski 1893 BM76
    |--B. trepida Handlirsch 1894 [=Bembex trepida; incl. Bembix victoriensis Lohrmann 1942] C85
    |--B. triangulifera Arnold 1944 [incl. B. stevensoni Arnold 1929 non Parker 1929] BM76
    |--B. tricolor Dahlbom 1845 BM76
    |--B. troglodytes Handlirsch 1893 [incl. B. helianthopolis Parker 1917] BM76
    |--B. truncata Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. tuberculiventris Turner 1908 [=Bembex tuberculiventris] C85
    |--B. turca Dahlbom 1845 [incl. B. melaena Smith 1856] BM76
    |--B. ugandensis Turner 1913 BM76
    |--B. uloola Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. ulula Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. undeneya Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. undulata Spinola 1838 BM76
    |--B. usheri Arnold 1960 BM76
    |--B. variabilis Smith 1856 (see below for synonymy) C85
    |--B. vasta Lohrmann 1942 BM76
    |--B. velox Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |--B. venusta Arnold 1929 BM76
    |--B. versuta Arnold 1946 BM76
    |--B. vespiformis Smith 1856 [=Bembex vespiformis] C85
    |--B. wadamiri Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. wagleri Gistel 1857 BM76
    |--B. wangoola Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. wanna Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. warawara Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. weberi Handlirsch 1893 BM76
    |    |--B. w. weberi BM76
    |    `--B. w. lama Tsuneki 1971 BM76
    |--B. weema Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. westermanni Spinola 1838 BM76
    |--B. westoni Bingham 1893 BM76
    |--B. wilcannia Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. wiluna Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. wollowra Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. wolpa Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. wowine Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. yalta Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. yunkara Evans & Matthews 1973 C85
    |--B. zarudnyi Gussakovskij 1934 BM76
    `--B. zonata Klug 1835 [incl. B. bipunctata Dufour 1861, B. lichtensteini Mocsáry 1883] BM76

Nomina nuda: Bembix cingulata Lichtenstein 1796 BM76
             B. guttata Lichtensten 1796 BM76
             B. tor Rayment 1954 R54

Bembix Fabricius 1775 C85 [=Bembex Fabricius 1776 C85, Bembyx BM76, Epibembex Pate 1937 BM76; incl. Apobembex Pate 1937 BM76]

Bembix americana Fabricius 1793 [incl. B. foxi Parker 1917, B. muscicapa Handlirsch 1893, B. separanda Handlirsch 1893] BM76

Bembix americana spinolae Lepeletier 1845 [incl. B. connexa Fox 1895, B. primaaestate Johnson & Rohwer 1908, B. similans Fox 1895] BM76

Bembix belfragei Cresson 1873 [incl. B. cressonis Handlirsch 1893, B. cressonii (l. c.), B. insignis Handlirsch 1893] BM76

Bembix bicolor Radoszkowski 1877 [incl. B. barbiventris Morawitz 1889, B. bipunctata Radoszkowski 1877 non Dufour 1861. B. femoralis Radoszkowski 1877] BM76

Bembix brullei Guérin-Méneville 1831 [=Bember (l. c.) brullei; incl. B. emarginata Sichel 1867, B. ventralis Dahlbom 1844, B. ventralis Lepeletier 1845 non Dahlbom 1844] BM76

Bembix citripes Taschenberg 1870 [incl. B. bahiae Parker 1929, B. gradilis Parker 1929, B. inopides Strand 1910, B. inops Handlirsch 1893, B. subcitripes Willink 1947] BM76

Bembix oculata Panzer 1801 [=*Apobembex oculata; incl. B. ebusiana Giner Marí 1934, B. hispanica Mercet 1904, B. latreillei Lepeletier 1845, B. neglecta Dahlbom 1845, Vespa pallescens Giorna 1791, B. panzeri Handlirsch 1893, B. rossii Dahlbom 1845] BM76

Bembix olivacea Fabricius 1787 [incl. Vespa apilinguaria Christ 1791, V. clypeata Christ 1791, Bembix maroccana Mercet 1904, Bembix mediterranea Handlirsch 1893, Bembix notata Dahlbom 1845, Bembex octopunctata Donovan 1810, Bembix olivacea Cyrillo 1787 non Fabricius 1787, Bembix pardoi Giner Marí 1945, Bembix saharae Giner Marí 1945, Bembix senilis Fabricius 1804] BM76

*Bembix rostrata (Linnaeus 1758) [=Apis rostrata, *Epibembex rostrata; incl. Vespa armata Sulzer 1776, Bembix dissecta Dahlbom 1845, B. gallica Mocsáry 1883, B. paradoxa Giner Marí 1943, Apis rostrata Gmelin 1790 non Linnaeus 1758, B. vidua Lepeletier 1845] BM76

Bembix tranquebarica (Gmelin 1790) [=Vespa tranquebarica, B. repanda Fabricius 1787, V. repanda non Crabro repandus Fabricius 1787; incl. B. trepanda Dahlbom 1844] BM76

Bembix variabilis Smith 1856 [=Bembex variabilis; incl. Bembex crabroniformis Smith 1873, Bembex raptor Smith 1856] C85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[R54] Rayment, T. 1954. Taxonomy, morphology and biology of sericophorine wasps with diagnoses of two new genera and descriptions of forty new species and six sub-species. Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne 19: 11–105.