Troglodytes

Northern house wren Troglodytes aedon, photographed by Blair Wainman.

Belongs within: Troglodytidae.
Contains: Troglodytes troglodytes.

Troglodytes is a genus of small wrens, mostly found in cooler habitats. They are brown in colouration and relatively unpatterned.

<==Troglodytes Vieillot 1807 M02 [incl. Anorthura Rennie 1831 B94, Nannus Billberg 1828 B94; Anorthuridae]
    |  i. s.: T. cobbi N10
    |         T. furvus SS66
    |         T. gracilis Brunner 1958 M02
    |         ‘Nannus’ hiemalis CM07
    |         T. monticola JT12
    |         T. sissonii JT12
    |         T. tanneri JT12
    |--+--T. troglodytes JT12
    |  `--Cistothorus JT12
    |       |--C. apolinari Chapman 1914 L03
    |       |--C. brevis FP64
    |       |--C. meridae Hellmayr 1907 [=C. platensis meridae] L03
    |       |--C. palustris L03
    |       |    |--C. p. palustris L03
    |       |    `--C. p. marianae Scott 1888 L03
    |       `--C. platensis L03
    |            |--C. p. platensis L03
    |            |--C. p. aequatorialis Lawrence 1871 L03
    |            |--C. p. alticola Salvin & Goodman 1883 [incl. C. p. caracasensis Chapman 1921] L03
    |            |--C. p. falklandicus Chapman 1934 L03
    |            |--C. p. jalapensis Dickerman 1975 L03
    |            |--C. p. tucumanus Hartert in Hartert & Venturi 1909 L03
    |            `--C. p. warneri Dickerman 1975 L03
    `--+--+--T. brunneicollis JF06
       |  `--+--*T. aedon L03, JT12
       |     |    |--T. a. aedon L03
       |     |    |--T. a. albicans Berlepsch & Taczanowski 1884 (see below for synonymy) L03
       |     |    |--T. a. atopus Oberholser 1904 [=T. musculus atopus] L03
       |     |    |--T. a. carabayae Chapman & Griscom 1924 [=T. musculus carabayae] L03
       |     |    |--T. a. inquietus Lawrence ex Baird 1864 [=T. musculus inquietus] L03
       |     |    |--T. a. intermedius Cabanis 1860 [incl. T. musculus oreopolus Chapman & Griscom 1924] L03
       |     |    |--T. a. parkmanii Audubon 1839 [incl. T. a. marianae Scott 1885] L03
       |     |    `--T. a. tobagensis Lawrence 1888 L03
       |     `--T. musculus Naumann 1823 JF06, L03
       |          |--T. m. musculus (see below for synonymy) L03
       |          |--T. m. grenadensis MS55
       |          |--T. m. guadeloupensis MS55 [=T. aedon guadeloupensis USDI77]
       |          `--T. m. mesoleucus MS55 [=T. aedon mesoleucus USDI77]
       `--+--T. solstitialis JT12
          |    |--T. s. solstitialis L03
          |    `--T. s. solitarius Todd 1912 [incl. T. s. pallidipectus Chapman 1912] L03
          `--+--+--Thryorchilus browni JT12
             |  `--T. rufociliatus JT12
             |       |--T. r. rufociliatus FS55
             |       `--T. r. nannoides FS55
             `--+--T. ochraceus JT12
                |    |--T. o. ochraceus L03
                |    `--T. o. ligea Bangs 1908 [incl. T. o. remotus Griscom 1924] L03
                `--T. rufulus JT12
                     |--T. r. rufulus L03
                     `--T. r. duidae Chapman 1929 L03

Troglodytes aedon albicans Berlepsch & Taczanowski 1884 [incl. T. musculus chapmani Stone 1918, T. musculus clarus, T. musculus neglectus Chapman 1917 non T. neglectus Brooke 1872] L03

Troglodytes musculus musculus Naumann 1831 [incl. Thryothorus platensis Wied 1831, Th. wiedi Berlepsch 1873, Tr. musculus wiedi] L03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[CM07] Cokendolpher, J. C., & P. G. Mitov. 2007. Natural enemies. In Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones (R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet, eds) pp. 339-373. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[FS55] Felten, H., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Zur Vogelfauna von El Salvador. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (1-2): 9-19.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186.

[L03] LeCroy, M. 2003. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 278: 1-156.

[MS55] Mertens, R., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Die im Senckenberg-Museum vorhandenen Arten ausgestorbener, aussterbender oder seltener Vögel. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (3-4): 241-265.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[N10] Naish, D. 2010. Tetrapod Zoology: Book One. CFZ Press: Bideford (UK).

[SS66] Sclater, P. L., & O. Salvin. 1866. Catalogue of birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Uyacali, Eastern Peru, with notes and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 175-201.

[USDI77] USDI (United States Department of the Interior). 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420-36431.

Paradisaeidae

Male lesser bird of paradise Paradisaea minor, photographed by Leo Antonius.

Belongs within: Corvoidea.

The Paradisaeidae, birds of paradise, are a group of stout-billed birds found in northern Australasia. Males of this family are often extremely colourful and/or ornately plumed, and may perfom complex mating displays.

<==Paradisaeidae [Paradisaeinae]
    |  i. s.: Paryphephorus duivenbodei (Meyer 1890) [=Craspedophora duivenbodei] F95
    |         Loborhamphus nobilis Rothschild 1901 F95
    |         Janthothorax bensbachi Büttikofer 1894 F95
    |--+--Lycocorax pyrrhopterus JT12
    |  `--Manucodia Boddaert 1783 JF06, B94 (see below for synonymy)
    |       |  i. s.: M. gouldi G66
    |       |--M. keraudrenii JT12 [=Phonygammus keraudrenii JF06]
    |       `--+--M. jobiensis JT12
    |          `--+--M. ater JT12
    |             `--+--M. chalybatus JT12
    |                `--M. comrii JT12
    `--+--+--Pteridophora alberti JT12 [=Drepanornis alberti JF06]
       |  `--Parotia Vieillot 1816 JT12, B94 [Parotiinae]
       |       |--P. carolae JT12
       |       `--+--P. wahnesi JT12
       |          `--+--P. sefilata JT12
       |             `--+--P. helenae JT12
       |                `--P. lawesi JT12, F95
       `--+--+--Semioptera wallacii JT12
          |  `--Ptiloris Swainson 1825 JT12, B94 [Ptilorininae]
          |       |--+--P. paradiseus JT12
          |       |  `--P. victoriae JT12
          |       `--+--Lophorina superba JT12
          |          |    |--L. s. superba F95
          |          |    `--L. s. feminina F95
          |          `--+--P. intercedens JT12
          |             `--P. magnificus JT12 [=Craspedophora magnifica F95]
          `--+--+--Seleucidis JT12
             |  |    |--S. ignotus A61
             |  |    `--S. melanoleuca F95
             |  `--+--‘Epimachus’ albertisi JT12
             |     `--‘Epimachus’ bruijnii JT12
             `--+--+--Epimachus Cuvier 1817 JT12, B94 [incl. Astrapimachus Mayr 1941 (nom. inv.) F95; Epimachinae]
                |  |    |--E. albus T62
                |  |    |--E. ellioti Ward 1873 (see below for synonymy) F95
                |  |    |--E. fastosus [incl. E. magnus] F95
                |  |    |    |--E. f. fastosus F95
                |  |    |    `--E. f. atratus F95
                |  |    `--E. meyeri F95
                |  `--+--Paradigalla Lesson 1835 JT12, B94 [Paradigallinae]
                |     |    |--P. brevicauda JT12
                |     |    `--P. carunculata F95
                |     `--Astrapia Vieillot 1816 JT12, B94 [Astrapiinae]
                |          |--+--A. nigra JT12
                |          |  `--A. splendidissima JT12
                |          `--+--A. rothschildi JT12
                |             `--+--A. mayeri JT12
                |                `--A. stephaniae JT12
                `--+--+--Cicinnurus Vieillot 1816 JT12, B94 [Cicinnurinae]
                   |  |    `--C. regius F95 [=Paradisaea regia A61]
                   |  `--Diphyllodes JF06
                   |       |--D. magnificus F95 [=Cicinnurus magnificus JT12]
                   |       `--D. respublica F95 (see below for synonymy)
                   `--Paradisaea Linnaeus 1758 JT12, B94
                        |--P. rudolphi JF06
                        `--+--P. guilielmi JT12
                           `--+--P. rubra JF06
                              `--+--P. decora JT12
                                 `--+--P. minor JF06
                                    |    |--P. m. minor F95
                                    |    `--P. m. finschi F95
                                    `--+--P. apoda Linnaeus 1758 JT12, A61
                                       |    |--P. a. apoda F95
                                       |    `--P. a. novaeguineae F95
                                       `--P. raggiana JF06
                                            |--P. r. raggiana [=P. apoda raggiana] F95
                                            |--P. r. angustaevictoriae [=P. apoda angustaevictoriae] F95
                                            `--P. r. salvadorii [=P. apoda salvadorii] F95

Hybrids: Astrapia barnesi Iredale 1948 [A. mayeri × A. stephaniae]
         Cicinnurus lyogyrus Currie 1900 [Cicinnurus regius × Diphyllodes magnificus; =C. lyrogyrus (l. c.); incl. C. goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant 1907]
         Craspedophora mantoui Oustalet 1891 [Seleucidis melanoleuca × Ptiloris magnificus; =Heteroptilorhis mantoui; incl. C. bruijni Büttikofer 1894]
         Diphyllodes gulielmitertii Meyer 1875 [D. magnificus × Cicinnurus regius; =Rhipidornis gulielmitertii, R. guglielmitertii]
         Epimachus astrapioides Rothschild 1898 [E. fastosus × Astrapia nigra; =Falcinellus astrapioides, Astrapimachus astrapioides]
         Lamprothorax wilhelminae Meyer 1894 [Lophorina superba × Diphyllodes magnificus]
         Loborhamphus ptilorhis Sharpe 1908 [Parotia sefilata × Paradigalla carunculata]
         Neoparadisea ruysi van Oort 1906 [Diphyllodes magnificus × Paradisaea minor]
         Paradisaea apoda luptoni Lowe 1923 [P. raggiana × P. apoda]
         Paradisea bloodi Iredale 1948 [P. raggiana × P. rudolphi]
         Paradisea maria Reichenow 1894 [P. raggiana × P. guilielmi; incl. P. duivenbodei Menegaux 1913]
         Paradisea mirabilis Reichenow 1901 [Paradisaea minor × Seleucidis melanoleuca; =Janthothorax mirabilis, Quesoparens mirabilis]
         Paradisaea mixta Rothschild 1921 [Paradisaea minor × P. raggiana]
         Parotia duivenbodei Rothschild 1900 [Lophorina superba × Parotia sefilata]

Diphyllodes respublica F95 [=Paradisaea respublica A61, Cicinnurus respublica JF06; incl. P. wilsoni Cassin 1850 A61]

Epimachus ellioti Ward 1873 [=Astrapimachus ellioti, Falcinellus ellioti, Pseudastrapia ellioti; incl. P. lobata Rothschild 1907] F95

Manucodia Boddaert 1783 JF06, B94 [incl. Chalybaeus Cuvier 1829 B94, Phonygammus Lesson Garnot 1826 B94; Chalybaeinae, Manucodiinae, Phonygamminae]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[F95] Fuller, E. 1995. The Lost Birds of Paradise. Swan Hill Press: Shrewsbury (UK).

[G66] Gould, J. 1866. Exhibition of the trachea of Manucodia gouldi. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 201.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186.

[T62] Tendeiro, J. 1962. Estudos sobre malófagos: Revisão monográfica do género Columbicola Ewing (Ischnocera, Philopteridae). Memórias da Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, ser. 2, 32: 7-460.

Myzomela

Cardinal myzomela Myzomela pulcherrima, photographed by Josep del Hoyo.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Myzomela is a genus of honeyeaters found in Indonesia, Australasia and western Oceania. Members of this genus are characterised by brilliant red and black colouration.

Characters (from Schodde & Mason 1999): Size small; plumage iridescent red and black; tongue with shallow medial furcation; tail short and square-cut; eggs white-based with reddish-brown spotting.

<==Myzomela Vigors & Horsfield 1827 [Myzomelidae] B94
    |--M. rosenbergii JT12
    `--+--+--M. eques JT12
       |  `--+--M. cineracea JT12
       |     `--M. obscura JT12
       |          |--M. o. obscura M03
       |          |--M. o. fumata M03
       |          `--M. o. harterti M03
       `--+--M. erythrocephala Gould 1839 JT12, WS48 [incl. M. erythrocephala derbyi Mathews 1912 WS48]
          |    |--M. e. erythrocephala M03
          |    `--M. e. infuscata M03
          `--+--M. lafargei JT12
             `--+--M. cardinalis JT12
                `--M. sanguinolenta JT12

Myzomela incertae sedis:
  M. adolphinae JT12
  M. albigula JT12
  M. blasii JT12
  M. boiei JT12
  M. caledonica S13
  M. chermesina JT12
  M. chloroptera JT12
  M. cruentata JT12
  M. dammermani JT12
  M. dibapha FP64
  M. eichhorni JT12
  M. erythromelas JT12
  M. jugularis JT12
  M. kuehni JT12
  M. lifuensis S13
  M. malaitae JT12
  M. melanocephala JT12
  M. nigra Gould 1838 [incl. M. nigra westralensis Mathews 1912] WS48
  M. nigrita JT12
  M. pammelaena JT12
  M. pectoralis Gould 1840 WS48
  M. pulchella JT12
  M. pulcherrima S13
  M. rubatra S13
    |--M. r. rubatra S13
    `--M. r. sanctaecrucis Sarasin 1913 S13
  M. sclateri FJO08
  M. tristrami JT12
  M. vulnerata JT12
  M. wakoloensis JT12

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[FJO08] Fleischer, R. C., H. F. James & S. L. Olson. 2008. Convergent evolution of Hawaiian and Australo-Pacific honeyeaters from distant songbird ancestors. Current Biology 18: 1-5.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1, Heft I (F. Sarasin & J. Roux, eds) pp. 1-78, pl. 1-3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

Schodde, R., & I. J. Mason. 1999. The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Melithreptus

Black-headed honeyeater Melithreptus affinis, photographed by T. Waite.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Melithreptus is a genus of honeyeaters found in Australia whose members feed by gleaning along branches and foliage, and nest communally (Schodde & Mason 1999).

Characters (from Schodde & Mason 1999): Back green; tail square; head dusky with white nuchal bar and spot of bare, coloured postorbital skin. Palatine shelf distinctively constricted; vomerine horns extended, divaricate; temporal fossae diffuse with vestigial postorbital processes and unusually elongate zygomatic processes; triple inter-orbital perforations present; lower mandible with tooth-like process fitting into deep depression in ventral ectethmoid plate, with jugal flanking ectethmoid plate.

<==Melithreptus Vieillot 1816 [Melithreptidae] B94
    |  i. s.: M. cyanotis SJ85
    |         M. laetior Gould 1875 WS48 [=M. gularis laetior M03; incl. M. gularis coongani Mathews 1912 WS48]
    |--M. albogularis Gould 1848 JT12, WS48
    |    |--M. a. albogularis M03 [=M. lunatus albogularis WS48; incl. M. lunatus subalbogularis Mathews 1912 WS48]
    |    `--M. a. inopinatus M03
    `--+--+--M. affinis JT12
       |  `--M. lunatus (Vieillot 1802) JT12, WS48 [=Certhia lunata WS48]
       |       |--M. l. lunatus WS48
       |       |--M. l. chloropsis Gould 1848 WS48
       |       `--M. l. whitlocki Mathews 1909 WS48
       `--+--M. validirostris JT12
          `--+--M. brevirostris (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
             |    |--M. b. brevirostris M03
             |    |--M. b. magnirostris M03
             |    |--M. b. pallidiceps M03
             |    `--M. b. wombeyi M03
             `--M. gularis JT12

Melithreptus brevirostris (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) JT12, WS48 [=Meliphaga brevirostris WS48; incl. Melit. leucogenys Milligan 1903 WS48, Melit. brevirostris leucogenys M03, Melit. atricapillus subleucogenys Mathews 1912 WS48]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

Schodde, R., & I. J. Mason. 1999. The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO.

[SJ85] Storr, G. M., & R. E. Johnstone. 1985. Field Guide to the Birds of Western Australia 2nd ed. Western Australian Museum: Perth (Australia).

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Phylidonyris

New Holland honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae, photographed by J. J. Harrison.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Phylidonyris is a genus of slender-bodied and -billed honeyeaters found in Australia and the south-west Pacific. Members of this genus have yellow remige patches, and palatines with broadened incurved pre-palatine stems and raised, attenuately winged transpalatine process (Schodde & Mason 1999).

<==Phylidonyris Lesson 1831 [incl. Glyciphila Swainson 1837; Glyciphilidae, Phylidonyridae] B94
    |  i. s.: ‘Gliciphila’ fasciata Gould 1842 [incl. G. fasciata broomei Mathews 1912] WS48
    |         ‘Glycyphila’ incana (see below for synonymy) S13
    |         ‘Meliphaga’ indistincta Vigors & Horsfield 1827 [=Gliciphila indistincta] WS48
    |           |--M. i. indistincta (see below for synonymy) WS48
    |           `--‘Gliciphila’ i. ocularis Gould 1838 (see below for synonymy) WS48
    |         P. notabilis JT12
    |         P. undulatus JT12 [=Glycyphila undulata S13]
    |--P. pyrrhopterus JF06, JT12
    |    |--P. p. pyrrhopterus M03
    |    `--P. p. halmaturina M03
    `--+--P. niger JF06, JT12
       |    |--P. n. niger M03
       |    `--P. n. gouldi M03
       `--P. novaehollandiae JF06
            |--P. n. novaehollandiae M03
            |--P. n. campbelli M03
            |--P. n. canescens M03
            |--P. n. caudata M03
            `--P. n. longirostris M03

‘Gliciphila’ indistincta ocularis Gould 1838 [=Glyciphila ocularis; incl. Stigmatops indistincta media Mathews 1912] WS48

‘Glycyphila’ incana [incl. G. caledonica, G. chlorophaea, G. flavotincta, G. modesta, G. poliotis, G. satelles] S13

‘Meliphaga’ indistincta indistincta Vigors & Horsfield 1827 [incl. Lichmera indistincta milligani Mathews 1923, Stigmatops indistincta perplexa Mathews 1912, L. indistincta perthi Mathews 1923, L. indistincta yorki Mathews 1923] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1, Heft I (F. Sarasin & J. Roux, eds) pp. 1-78, pl. 1-3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

Schodde, R., & I. J. Mason. 1999. The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Meliphaga

Yellow-spotted honeyeater Meliphaga notata, photographed by David & Diane Armbrust.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Meliphaga is a genus of honeyeaters found from Indonesia to northern and eastern Australia. Members of this genus have prevailingly uniform olive-green plumage marked only by rounded flavonoid ear plumes and gape stripes (Schodde & Mason 1999).

<==Meliphaga Lewin 1808 [incl. Ptilotis Swainson 1837; Ptilotidae] B94
    |--+--M. aruensis JT12
    |  `--+--M. lewinii JT12
    |     |    |--M. l. lewinii M03
    |     |    |--M. l. amphochlora M03
    |     |    |--M. l. mab M03
    |     |    `--M. l. nea M03
    |     `--M. notata JT12
    |          |--M. n. notata M03
    |          `--M. n. mixta M03
    `--+--+--+--M. albonotata JT12
       |  |  `--M. gracilis (Gould 1866) JT12, G66a [=Ptilotis gracilis G66a]
       |  |       |--M. g. gracilis M03
       |  |       `--M. g. imitatrix M03
       |  `--+--M. analoga JT12
       |     `--M. orientalis JT12
       `--+--+--M. mimikae JT12
          |  `--M. montana JT12
          `--+--M. flavirictus JT12
             `--+--M. albilineata JT12
                |    |--M. a. albilineata M03
                |    `--M. a. fordiana M03
                `--M. reticulata JT12

Meliphaga incertae sedis:
  M. cassidix A61 [=Ptilotis cassidix G66b]
  ‘Ptilotis’ chrysotis G66a
  M. cratitia (Gould 1840) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. fasciogularis FJO08
  M. flavescens (Gould 1839) [=Ptilotis flavescens; incl. P. flavescens wyndhami Mathews 1912] WS48
  M. keartlandi (North 1895) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. leucotis (Latham 1801) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. ornata (Gould 1838) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. penicillata Gould 1837 (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. plumula (Gould 1841) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  ‘Ptilotis’ similis G66a
  M. unicolor SJ85
  M. vicina JT12
  M. virescens (Vieillot 1817) (see below for synonymy) WS48

Meliphaga cratitia (Gould 1840) [=Ptilotis cratitius; incl. Lichenostomus occidentalis Cabanis 1851, P. cratitia stirlingi Mathews 1912] WS48

Meliphaga keartlandi (North 1895) [=Ptilotis keartlandi; incl. Sacramela keartlandi cloatesensis Mathews 1923, P. keartlandi mungi Mathews 1912] WS48

Meliphaga leucotis (Latham 1801) [=Turdus leucotis; incl. Ptilotis novaenorciae Milligan 1904, Nesoptilotis leucotis woolundra Mathews 1922] WS48

Meliphaga ornata (Gould 1838) [=Ptilotis ornatus; incl. P. ornata munna Mathews 1912, P. ornata wesleydalei Mathews 1913] WS48

Meliphaga penicillata Gould 1837 [incl. Ptilotis penicillata calconi Mathews 1912, P. carteri Campbell 1899, P. geraldtonensis Ashby 1921, P. penicillata ladasi Mathews 1912] WS48

Meliphaga plumula (Gould 1841) [=Ptilotis plumulus; incl. P. chrysotis andersoni Mathews 1912, P. planasi Campbell 1910] WS48

Meliphaga virescens (Vieillot 1817) [=Melithreptus virescens; incl. Ptilotis sonora broomei Mathews 1912, Meliphaga virescens glauerti Mathews 1942, Meliphaga virescens hartogi Mathews 1920, P. insularis Milligan 1911, Meliphaga virescens lewisi Mathews 1942, Meliphaga virescens lipferti Mathews 1942, P. sonora murchisoni Mathews 1912, Meliphaga vittata Bonaparte 1854] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[FJO08] Fleischer, R. C., H. F. James & S. L. Olson. 2008. Convergent evolution of Hawaiian and Australo-Pacific honeyeaters from distant songbird ancestors. Current Biology 18: 1-5.

[G66a] Gould, J. 1866a. Additions to the list of the avifauna of Australia, with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 217-218.

[G66b] Gould, J. 1866b. Exhibition of Ptilotis cassidix, and other rare Australian species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 558.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

Schodde, R., & I. J. Mason. 1999. The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO.

[SJ85] Storr, G. M., & R. E. Johnstone. 1985. Field Guide to the Birds of Western Australia 2^nd ed. Western Australian Museum: Perth (Australia).

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Meliphagoidea

Dusky grasswren Amytornis purnelli, from Christopher Watson.

Belongs within: Euoscines.
Contains: Acanthizidae, Meliphagidae, Malurus.

The Meliphagoidea is a clade of birds found in the Australasian region, supported by molecular analysis. The clade includes the honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), fairy wrens (Maluridae), pardalotes (Pardalotus), Australasian warblers (Acanthizidae) and bristlebirds (Dasyornis).

<==Meliphagoidea
    |--+--Dasyornis Vigors & Horsfield 1827 JF06, B94 [Dasyornithidae, Dasyornithinae]
    |  |    |--D. brachypterus (Latham 1801) WS48 [=Turdus brachypterus WS48; incl. D. brachypterus monoides M03]
    |  |    `--+--D. broadbenti (McCoy 1867) [=Sphenura broadbenti] WS48
    |  |       |    |--D. b. broadbenti M03
    |  |       |    |--D. b. caryochrous M03
    |  |       |    `--D. b. litoralis (Milligan 1902) [=Sphenura litoralis] WS48
    |  |       `--D. longirostris Gould 1840 JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |  `--+--Acanthizidae JF06
    |     `--+--Meliphagidae JF06
    |        `--Pardalotus Vieillot 1816 JF06, B94 [Pardalotidae, Pardalotinae]
    |             |  i. s.: P. melanocephalus Gould 1838 WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |             |         P. quadragintus M03
    |             |         P. substriatus Mathews 1912 [=P. striatus substriatus] WS48
    |             |           |--P. s. substriatus WS48
    |             |           `--P. s. murchisoni Mathews 1912 (see below for synonymy) WS48
    |             |         P. xanthopygus McCoy 1867 WS48 [=P. punctatus xanthopygus M03]
    |             |--P. rubricatus Gould 1838 JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |             |    |--P. r. rubricatus M03
    |             |    `--P. r. yorki M03
    |             `--+--P. punctatus (Shaw 1792) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |                |    |--P. p. punctatus M03
    |                |    `--P. p. militaris M03
    |                `--P. striatus JT12
    |                     |--P. s. striatus M03
    |                     |--P. s. melvillensis M03
    |                     |--P. s. ornatus M03
    |                     `--P. s. uropygialis M03
    `--Maluridae [Malurinae, Waluridae] BB05
         |  i. s.: Sipodotus wallacii JT12
         |         Clytomyias insignis JT12
         |--+--Malurus JF06
         |  `--Stipiturus Lesson 1831 JF06, B94 [Stipituridae]
         |       |--S. ruficeps Campbell 1899 JT12, WS48
         |       `--+--S. malachurus (Shaw 1798) JT12, WS48 [=Muscicapa malachura WS48]
         |          |    |--S. m. malachurus M03
         |          |    |--S. m. halmaturinus M03
         |          |    |--S. m. hartogi Carter 1916 WS48
         |          |    |--S. m. intermedius M03
         |          |    |--S. m. littleri M03
         |          |    |--S. m. medius Mathews 1919 [=S. m. media] WS48
         |          |    |--S. m. parimeda M03
         |          |    |--S. m. polionotum M03
         |          |    `--S. m. westernensis Campbell 1912 [incl. S. malachurus rothschildi Mathews 1912] WS48
         |          `--S. mallee JT12
         `--Amytornis Stejneger 1885 JF06, B94 [Amytornithidae]
              |--A. barbatus JT12
              |    |--A. b. barbatus M03
              |    `--A. b. diamantina M03
              `--+--+--A. merrotsyi JT12 [=A. striatus merrotsyi M03]
                 |  `--+--A. striatus (Gould 1839) JT12, WS48 [=Dasyornis striatus WS48]
                 |     |    |--A. s. striatus M03
                 |     |    `--A. s. whitei Mathews 1910 [incl. A. striatus oweni Mathews 1911] WS48
                 |     `--+--A. dorotheae JT12
                 |        `--A. woodwardi JT12
                 `--+--A. textilis (Dumont 1824) JT12, WS48 [=Malurus textilis WS48]
                    |    |--A. t. textilis (see below for synonymy) WS48
                    |    |--A. t. modesta M03
                    |    `--A. t. myall M03
                    `--+--A. housei (Milligan 1902) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                       `--+--A. goyderi JT12
                          `--+--A. ballarae JT12 [=A. purnelli ballarae M03]
                             `--A. purnelli JT12

Amytornis housei (Milligan 1902) JT12, WS48 [=Amytis housei WS48; incl. Magnamytis kimberleyi Mathews 1923 WS48]

Amytornis textilis textilis [incl. Diaphorillas textilis carteri Mathews 1917, Amytis gigantura Milligan 1901, Amytis macrourus Gould 1847, Diaphorillas textilis morgani Mathews 1912, Amytis varia Carter 1908] WS48

Dasyornis longirostris Gould 1840 JT12, WS48 [=D. brachypterus longirostris WS48; incl. D. longirostris mastersi Mathews 1923 WS48]

Pardalotus melanocephalus Gould 1838 WS48 [=P. striatus melanocephalus M03; incl. P. melanocephalus inexpectatus Mathews 1912 WS48, P. melanocephalus pilbarra Mathews 1923 WS48, P. melanocephalus tormenti Mathews 1912 WS48]

Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw 1792) JT12, WS48 [=Pipra punctata WS48; incl. Pa. punctatus whitlocki Mathews 1912 WS48]

Pardalotus rubricatus Gould 1838 JT12, WS48 [incl. P. pallida Campbell 1909 WS48, P. rubricatus parryi Mathews 1912 WS48]

Pardalotus substriatus murchisoni Mathews 1912 [=P. striatus murchisoni; incl. P. striatus rogersi Mathews 1912, P. striatus westraliensis Mathews 1912] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB05] Beresford, P., F. K. Barker, P. G. Ryan & T. M. Crowe. 2005. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): Molecular systematics of several evolutionary ‘enigmas’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 272: 849-858.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Menurae

Superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae, photographed by Fir002.

Belongs within: Passeriformes.

The Menurae include two genera of Australian birds, the lyrebirds Menura and the scrub-birds Atrichornis. Members of this clade have three pairs of intrinsic syringeal muscles (Ericson et al. 2002).

<==Menurae
    |--Atrichornis Stejneger 1885 [incl. Atrichia Gould 1844 non Schrank 1803; Atrichiidae, Atrichornithidae] B94
    |    |--A. clamosus (Gould 1844) [=Atrichia clamosa; incl. Atrichornis clamosa campbelli Mathews 1916] WS48
    |    `--A. rufescens (Ramsay 1866) M03, R66 [=Atrichia rufescens R66]
    |         |--A. r. rufescens FP64
    |         |--A. r. ferrieri HSS13
    |         `--A. r. jacksoni FP64
    `--Menura Latham 1828 [Menuridae] B94
         |--M. alberti EC02
         |--M. novaehollandiae EC02
         |    |--M. n. novaehollandiae M03
         |    |--M. n. edwardi M03
         |    `--M. n. victoriae M03
         |--M. superba T62
         `--M. tyawanoides EC02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[EC02] Ericson, P. G. P., L. Christidis, M. Irestedt & J. A. Norman. 2002. Systematic affinities of the lyrebirds (Passeriformes: Menura), with a novel classification of the major groups of passerine birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25: 53-62.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[HSS13] Hirschfeld, E., A. Swash & R. Still. 2013. The World's Rarest Birds. Princeton University Press: Princeton (New Jersey).

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[R66] Ramsay, E. P. 1866. Description of a new species of Atrichia from the Richmond River, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 438-439.

[T62] Tendeiro, J. 1962. Estudos sobre malófagos: Revisão monográfica do género Columbicola Ewing (Ischnocera, Philopteridae). Memórias da Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, ser. 2, 32: 7-460.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Lichenostomus

White-plumed honeyeater Lichenostomus penicillatus, photographed by Aviceda.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Lichenostomus is a genus of honeyeaters found in Australia and New Guinea, primarily in sclerophyll (dry woodland) habitats. Members of this genus have lined faces, and elongated ear and upper neck plumes.

<==Lichenostomus
    |--L. flavus JT12
    `--+--L. penicillatus JT12
       |    |--L. p. penicillatus M03
       |    |--L. p. carteri M03
       |    `--L. p. leilavalensis M03
       `--L. virescens JT12

Lichenostomus incertae sedis:
  L. chrysops M03
  L. cratitius M03
    |--L. c. cratitius M03
    `--L. c. halmaturina M03
  L. fasciogularis M03
  L. flavescens JF06
    |--L. f. flavescens M03
    `--L. f. melvillensis M03
  L. flavicollis M03
  L. frenatus M03
  L. fuscus M03
    |--L. f. fuscus M03
    `--L. f. subgermanus M03
  L. hindwoodi M03
  L. keartlandi M03
  L. melanops M03
    |--L. m. melanops [incl. L. m. meltoni] M03
    `--L. m. cassidix M03
  L. obscurus JT12
  L. plumulus M03
    |--L. p. plumulus M03
    |--L. p. graingeri M03
    `--L. p. planasi M03
  L. subfrenatus JT12
  L. unicolor M03
  L. versicolor M03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

Lalage leucomela

Varied triller Lalage leucomela rufiventris, photographed by Lip Kee Yap.

Belongs within: Lalage.

Lalageleucomela, the varied triller, is a species of inconspicuous insectivorous bird found in woodlands in New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia. They forage among foliage in pairs or small parties (Morcombe 2003).

Characters (from Morcombe 2003): Male with crown to back glossy black; prominent white brow line; black eye line; white shoulder bar; lower back and rump grey; tail black, tipped white; breast pale grey to buff, may or may not be barred; belly to vent cinnamon-tinted. Female much as for male, except brown in place of black, underparts barred; juvenile as for female, but flecked buff above, with darker barring and streaking of underparts. Contact calls given almost continuously while foraging: call a rolling, swelling and fading, mellow rattling, rising and strengthening for several seconds, 'trrrreee-', then falling '-iurr', giving an undulating 'trrreee-iurr, trrreee-iurr, trrreee-iurr'.

<==Lalage leucomela (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) [=Campephaga leucomela] WS48
    |--L. l. leucomela L03
    |--L. l. albidior Hartert 1924 [=L. karu albidior] L03
    |--L. l. conjuncta Rothschild & Hartert 1924 L03
    |--L. l. falsa Hartert 1925 [=L. karu falsa] L03
    |--L. l. keyensis Rothschild & Hartert 1917 [=L. karu keyensis] L03
    |--L. l. obscurior Rothschild & Hartert 1917 [=L. karu obscurior] L03
    |--L. l. pallescens Rothschild & Hartert 1917 [=L. karu pallescens] L03
    |--L. l. rufiventris (Gray 1846) L03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--L. l. tabarensis Mayr 1955 L03
    |--L. l. triobriandi Mayr 1936 [=L. karu triobriandi] L03
    `--L. l. yorki Mathews 1912 L03

Lalage leucomela rufiventris (Gray 1846) L03 [=Campephaga rufiventris WS48; incl. L. l. gouldi Mathews 1912 L03, L. l. macrura M03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[L03] LeCroy, M. 2003. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 278: 1-156.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Dicaeum

Grey-sided flowerpecker Dicaeum celebicum celebicum, photographed by Lip Kee Yap.

Belongs within: Nectariniidae.

Dicaeum is a genus of flowerpeckers found in southern Asia and Australasia. Most species are brightly coloured, with short, slightly down-curved bills and tubular tongues, and feed on fruit, nectar and small insects.

Characters (from Cheke et al. 2001): Bill short and triangular, of variable thickness and curvature, with finely serrated edges; nostrils exposed, but partly covered by a membrane; rictal bristles short. Wing usually with outermost primary short.

Dicaeum Cuvier 1817 B94
    |--+--D. chrysorrheum JT12
    |  `--+--D. melanoxanthum JT12
    |     `--+--D. agile JT12
    |        `--D. everetti JT12
    `--+--D. olivaceum Walden 1875 S89 (see below for synonymy)
       `--+--D. hypoleucum JT12
          `--+--+--+--D. anthonyi JT12
             |  |  `--D. bicolor JT12
             |  `--+--D. australe JT12
             |     `--D. trigonostigma (Scopoli 1786) JT12, W66 [=Certhia trigonostigma W66]
             `--+--D. aureolimbatum JT12
                |    |--D. a. aureolimbatum R02
                |    `--D. a. laterale R02
                `--+--D. nigrilore JT12
                   `--+--+--+--D. concolor JT12
                      |  |  `--D. pygmaeum JT12
                      |  `--+--D. tristrami JT12
                      |     `--+--D. sanguinolentum JT12
                      |        `--+--D. cruentatum (Linné 1766) JT12, W66 (see below for synonymy)
                      |           `--D. igniferum JT12
                      `--+--D. monticolum JT12
                         `--+--+--D. celebicum JT12
                            |  |    |--D. c. celebicum R02
                            |  |    `--D. c. sanghirense R02
                            |  `--D. ignipectus JT12
                            `--+--+--D. aeneum JT12
                               |  `--D. eximium JT12
                               `--+--D. hirundinaceum (Shaw 1792) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                                  `--+--D. geelvinkianum JT12
                                     `--D. pectorale JT12

Dicaeum incertae sedis:
  D. aeruginosum JT12
  D. annae JT12
  D. erythrorhynchos JT12
  D. erythrothorax JT12
  D. haematostictum JT12
  D. maugei JT12
  D. nehrkorni JT12
  D. nitidum JT12
  D. proprium JT12
  D. quadricolor JT12
  D. retrocinctum JT12
  D. trochileum JT12
  D. vincens JT12
  D. vulneratum JT12

Dicaeum cruentatum (Linné 1766) JT12, W66 [=Certhia cruentata W66; incl. C. coccinea Scopoli 1786 W66]

Dicaeum hirundinaceum (Shaw 1792) JT12, WS48 [=Motacilla hirundinacea WS48; incl. D. hirundinaceum tormenti Mathews 1912 WS48]

Dicaeum olivaceum Walden 1875 S89 [=Prionochilus olivaceus JT12; incl. D. inornatum Sharpe 1885 S89, D. virescens S89]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

Cheke, R. A., C. F. Mann & R. Allen. 2001. Sunbirds: A Guide to the Sunbirds, Flowerpeckers, Spiderhunters and Sugarbirds of the World. A & C Black Publishers.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[R02] Riley, J. 2002. Population sizes and the status of endemic and restricted-range bird species on Sangihe Island, Indonesia. Bird Conservation International 12: 53-78.

[S89] Salvadori, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea nella Birmania e nelle regioni vicine. XIX. – Uccelli raccolti nei Monti Carin a nord-est di Tounghoo, nel Pegù presso Rangoon e Tounghoo e nel Tenasserim presso Malewoon. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 369-438.

[W66] Walden, A. 1866. Notes on birds collected in Tennasserim and in the Andaman Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 537-556.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Oriolidae

Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus, photographed by Crusier.

Belongs within: Corvoidea.

The Oriolidae includes the Old World orioles, forest-dwelling birds found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. They are starling-sized birds from eight to twelve inches in length, with short fine bristles concealing the nostrils. The wings have ten primary feathers, and the tails have twelve feathers (Austin 1961).

<==Oriolidae
    |--Pitohui JT12
    |    |--P. dichrous JF11
    |    `--P. kirhocephalus JF11
    `--+--Sphecotheres Vieillot 1816 JT12, B94 [Sphecotheridae]
       |    |--S. flaviventris T62 [=S. viridis flaviventris M03; incl. S. viridis ashbyi M03]
       |    |--S. hypoleucus JT12
       |    |--S. vieilloti JF11 [=S. viridis vieilloti M03]
       |    `--S. viridis BC04
       `--Oriolus Linné 1766 JT12, B94 [incl. Analcipus Swainson 1831 B94; Analcipodidae]
            |  i. s.: O. ceylonensis W66
            |         O. cochinsinensis S89
            |         O. crassirostris JT12
            |         O. diffusus Sharpe 1877 [incl. O. indicus Oat. 1883] S89
            |         O. galbula D66
            |         O. melanocephalus S89
            |         O. tenuirostris S89
            |--O. mellianus JT12
            `--+--+--O. phaeochromus JT12
               |  `--+--+--O. bouroensis JT12
               |     |  `--O. forsteni JT12
               |     `--+--O. sagittatus (Latham 1801) JT12, WS48 [=Coracias sagittata WS48]
               |        |    |--O. s. sagittatus M03
               |        |    |--O. s. affinis Gould 1848 [incl. O. sagittatus blaauwi Mathews 1912] WS48
               |        |    `--O. s. magnirostris [incl. O. s. grisescens] M03
               |        `--+--O. flavocinctus (Vigors 1826) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
               |           `--+--O. melanotis JT12
               |              `--O. szalayi JT12
               `--+--+--O. xanthonotus JT12
                  |  `--+--O. steerii JT12
                  |     `--+--O. albiloris JT12
                  |        `--O. isabellae JT12
                  `--+--+--O. traillii JT12 [=Analcipus trailli S89]
                     |  `--+--O. cruentus JT12
                     |     `--O. hosii JT12
                     `--+--+--O. xanthornus JT12
                        |  `--+--O. brachyrhynchus JT12
                        |     `--O. chlorocephalus JT12
                        `--+--+--O. auratus JT12
                           |  `--+--O. chinensis JT12
                           |     |    |--O. c. chinensis R02
                           |     |    `--O. c. sanghirensis R02
                           |     `--O. oriolus JT12
                           `--+--O. monacha (Gmelin 1789) JT12, S05 [incl. O. moloxita Rüppell 1835 S05]
                              `--+--O. larvatus JT12
                                 `--+--O. nigripennis JT12
                                    `--O. percivali JT12

Oriolus flavocinctus (Vigors 1826) JT12, WS48 [=Mimetes flavocinctus WS48; incl. O. flavocinctus parryi Mathews 1912 WS48]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.

[BC04] Barker, F. K., A. Cibois, P. Schikler, J. Feinstein & J. Cracraft. 2004. Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 101 (30): 11040-11045.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[D66] Dohrn, H. 1866. Synopsis of the birds of Ilha do Principe, with some remarks on their habits and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 324-332.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF11] Jønsson, K. A., P.-H. Fabre, R. E. Ricklefs & J. Fjeldså. 2011. Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto-Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (6): 2328-2333.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[R02] Riley, J. 2002. Population sizes and the status of endemic and restricted-range bird species on Sangihe Island, Indonesia. Bird Conservation International 12: 53-78.

[S89] Salvadori, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea nella Birmania e nelle regioni vicine. XIX. – Uccelli raccolti nei Monti Carin a nord-est di Tounghoo, nel Pegù presso Rangoon e Tounghoo e nel Tenasserim presso Malewoon. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 369-438.

[S05] Steinheimer, F. D. 2005. Eduard Rüppel’s avian types at the Natural History Museum, Tring (Aves). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 233-264.

[T62] Tendeiro, J. 1962. Estudos sobre malófagos: Revisão monográfica do género Columbicola Ewing (Ischnocera, Philopteridae). Memórias da Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, ser. 2, 32: 7-460.

[W66] Walden, A. 1866. Notes on birds collected in Tennasserim and in the Andaman Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 537-556.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.