Marietta

Marietta leopardina, from here.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

Marietta is a genus of small wasps including hyperparasitoids of scale insects.

Characters (from Hayat 1983): Antennae five- or six-segmented; eyes glabrous; pronotum composed of a single plate; mesopleurum large, undivided; axillae barely projecting forwards so that their anterior margins are almost in line with anterior margin of scutellum; scutellum at most twice as wide as long and with rounded apex; propodeum at most as long as metanotum, without crenulae in middle of posterior margin; forewing with linea calva; gaster with all terga more or less equally developed, not densely setose.

<==Marietta Motschulsky 1863 GM79
    |--M. angeloni Girault 1932 G32
    |--M. carnesi MH11
    |--M. cowperi (Girault 1923) GM79
    |--M. distonota Girault 1932 G32
    |--M. javensis Girault 1932 GM79
    |    |--M. j. javensis G32
    |    `--M. j. indi Girault 1932 G32
    |--M. leopardina MH11
    |--M. lessingi Girault 1932 G32
    |--M. literata (Girault 1915) GM79
    |--M. maculatipes Girault 1917 GM79
    |--M. peculiaris Girault 1932 G32
    `--M. romae Girault 1932 G32

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G32] Girault, A. A. 1932. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293-298).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63-102.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Coccophagus

Ovipositing female of Coccophagus gurneyi, photographed by Max Badgley.

Belongs within: Coccophaginae.

Coccophagus is a cosmopolitan genus of small wasps including parasitoids of scale insects. It is distinguished from many related genera by its relatively setose thorax, while it and the antennae are usually not markedly (Hayat 1983).

Characters (from Hayat 1983): Body moderately setose; antenna usually 8-segmented (1, 1, 3, 3), sometimes 7-segmented with 2-segmented clava; antennal scape not or only slightly flattened and not or hardly expanded beneath; scutellum with at least six setae, each axillae usually with at least two setae (rarely with just one); axillae large, subtriangular, strongly projecting forwards; separated mesally by about the maximum length of an axilla; scutellum not extending over base of gaster and metanotum without a membranous extension overlapping tergum I of gaster (several species have a thin transparent extension of the metanotum, which partly overlaps the propodeum in the middle); submarginal vein not enlarged; linea calva absent; hypopygium not pointed at apex and not extending to apex of gaster.
Coccophagus Westwood 1833 GM79 [incl. Ataneostigma B88; Coccophagini]
    |--C. aethiopis Girault 1935 [=Prospaltella berlesei Silvestri 1930 non (Howard 1906)] G35
    |--C. antiopa Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. argentifascia Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. auricaput Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. basalis A71
    |--C. bivittatus A71
    |--C. brahmsi Girault 1933 G33b
    |--C. brimblecombei Girault 1933 G33a
    |--C. capensis A71
    |--C. caridei A71
    |--C. coccidis Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. cowperi Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. crucigerus Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. exiguiventris Girault 1929 G29
    |--C. flavoscutellum Ashmead 1881 GM79
    |--C. grotei Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. gurneyi A71
    |--C. herndoni Girault 1935 [=Prospaltella aurantii Silvestri 1930 non (Howard 1894)] G35
    |--C. immaculatus Howard 1881 GM79
    |--C. inkermani Girault 1926 G26b
    |--C. inlacertus Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. insidiator A71
    |--C. iris Girault 1930 G30b
    |--C. lecanii Fitch 1858 GM79
    |--C. leucippi Girault 1936 G36b
    |--C. longifasciatus A71
    |--C. lucani Girault 1922 GM79
    |--C. lunulatus Howard 1894 GM79
    |--C. lycimnia A71
    |--C. malthusi Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. maria Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. marxi Girault 1936 G36a
    |--C. mexicensis Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. modesta Silvestri 1914 GM79
    |--C. multisetae Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. nigritus A71
    |--C. nigriventris (Girault 1913) GM79
    |--C. nigropleurum Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. ochraceus A71
    |--C. perhispidus Westwood 1833 GM79
    |--C. pulcini Girault 1926 G26b
    |--C. quaestor Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. redini Girault 1924 G24
    |--C. rusti MH11
    |--C. saintebeauvei Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. sanctus Girault 1928 G28
    |--C. scutellaris A71
    |--C. seminigriclavus Girault 1913 GM79
    |--C. shakespearella Girault 1929 G29
    |--C. signus Girault 1920 GM79
    |--C. silvifilia Girault 1924 G24
    |--C. socratis Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. sophia Girault & Dodd 1915 GM79
    |--C. submetallicus Girault 1930 G30b
    |--C. subsignus Girault 1932 G32b
    |--C. taciti Girault 1930 G30a
    |--C. tennysoni Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. thoreauini Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. totiaureus Girault 1930 G30a
    |--C. triangulatinotus Girault 1926 G26b
    |--C. triguttatus Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. tristis G26a
    |--C. unifasciata Girault 1915 GM79
    `--C. vegai Girault 1932 G32a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G26a] Girault, A. A. 1926a. New pests from Australia. II. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 200-202).

[G26b] Girault, A. A. 1926b. New pests from Australia. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 203-204).

[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225-228).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[G30a] Girault, A. A. 1930a. New pests from Australia. VII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 270-272).

[G30b] Girault, A. A. 1930b. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273-277).

[G31] Girault, A. A. 1931. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280-283).

[G32a] Girault, A. A. 1932a. New pests from Australia, X. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 286-291).

[G32b] Girault, A. A. 1932b. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293-298).

[G33a] Girault, A. A. 1933a. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299-303).

[G33b] Girault, A. A. 1933b. Some beauties inhabitant not of the boudoirs of commerce but of Nature’s bosom—new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 304-305).

[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315-318).

[G36a] Girault, A. A. (as ‘L. de St. Fargeau’). 1936a. Chalcididae, Capsidae species nova Australiensis Giraulti. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 319-321).

[G36b] Girault, A. A. 1936b. Terror-errors; and novitates of Pterygota (or earth realities not state-bound). Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 322-325).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63-102.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Ablerus

Ablerus, from here.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

Ablerus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps, including primary parasites of Hemiptera and Lepidoptera, and hyperparasites of other parasitic Hymenoptera within those hosts.

Characters (from Hayat 1983): Antenna seven-segmented, antennal formula 1,1,4,1, third segment of funicle invariably shorter than others; labial palp unsegmented; prepecti not connected medially on the venter; propodeum distinctly longer than metanotum; mesoscutum with 1 or 2 pairs of setae; forewing with the disc sparsely and more or less uniformly setose, or almost bare, disc usually uniformly infuscated except for hyaline apex (sometimes entirely hyaline); submarginal vein with one seta; stigmal vein long, with apex hardly expanded; body short and convex. Female with hypopygium prominent; ovipositor exserted.

<==Ablerus Howard 1894 GM79 [=Alberus (l. c.) G32b; incl. Dimacrocerus Brethes 1914 G17, GM79; Azotinae]
    |--A. amarantus Girault 1932 G32b
    |--A. arboris Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. argentiscapus Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. beenleighi Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. bicinctipes Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. biguttatibiae Girault 1924 G24
    |--A. clisiocampae MH11
    |--A. gratus Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. hastatus Girault 1932 G32b
    |--A. hyalinus Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. impunctatipennis Girault 1917 GM79
    |--A. miricilia Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. novicornis Girault 1931 [=Alberus (l. c.) novicornis] G31a
    |--A. pan Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. perspeciosus MH11
    |--A. pius Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. plinii Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. pullicornis Girault 1931 G31b
    |--A. rhea Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. romae Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. saintpierrei Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. semifuscipennis Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. sidneyi Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. socratis Girault 1931 [=Alberus (l. c.) socratis] G31a
    |--A. speciosus Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. totifuscipennis Girault 1929 G29
    `--A. venustulus Girault 1915 GM79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[G31a] Girault, A. A. 1931a. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280-283).

[G31b] Girault, A. A. 1931b. Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 284-285).

[G32a] Girault, A. A. 1932a. New pests from Australia, X. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 286-291).

[G32b] Girault, A. A. 1932b. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293-298).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63-102.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Aphelinus

Female Aphelinus ovipositing into aphid, photographed by Denis Crawford.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

Aphelinus is a genus of minute wasps that are parasitic as larvae on aphids.

Characters (from Hayat 1983): Antenna six-segmented; axillae slightly to strongly projecting forwards, usually extending caudad beyond anterior pair of scutellar setae; mesopleurum divided by an oblique suture into epimeron and episternum; distance between posterior pair of scutellar setae equal to or greater than that between anterior pair; forewing with linea calva; tarsal claws equal in length; spur of middle tibia densely setose; female with hypopygium prominent, extending to apex of gaster or beyond.

<==Aphelinus Dahlman 1820 GM79
    |--A. asychis C81
    |--A. brevipennis Girault 1917 G17
    |--A. columbi Girault 1932 G32
    |--A. damoni Girault 1922 GM79
    |--A. flaviceps (Foerster 1841) GM79
    |--A. fuscipennis Howard 1885 GM79
    |--A. gossypii M83
    |--A. haeckeli Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. keatsi Girault 1919 G19
    |--A. kurdjomovi MH11
    |--A. mali (Hald. 1851) GM79 [incl. A. niger Girault 1913 G25, GM79]
    |--A. ovidii Girault 1919 G19
    |--A. ruskini Girault 1915 GM79
    |--A. semiflavus Howard 1908 GM79
    |--A. stellaris Girault 1933 G33
    |--A. subauriceps Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. taurus Girault 1932 G32
    |--A. uncinctiventris Girault 1932 G32
    `--A. wallumbillae Girault 1924 G24

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C81] Caltagirone, L. E. 1981. Landmark examples in classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 26: 213-232.

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G19] Girault, A. A. 1919. Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 153-156).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. An essay on when a fly is lovable, the ceremony of baptizing some and unlovely hate. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 187-190).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[G32] Girault, A. A. 1932. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293-298).

[G33] Girault, A. A. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299-303).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63-102.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: An annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1-98.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Prospaltella

Female of Prospaltella perniciosi preparing to oviposit on Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, from here.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

Prospaltella is a genus of wasps parasitic on scale insects, currently regarded as a junior synonym of Encarsia.

<==Prospaltella
    |--P. aurantii (Howard 1894) GM79
    |--P. beethoveni Girault 1931 [=P. singularis Silvestri 1930 non Coccophagus singularis Girault 1915] G31
    |--P. berlesei (Howard 1906) GM79
    |--P. citrifolia C81
    |--P. clypealis C81
    |--P. divergens C81
    |--P. opulenta C81
    |--P. perniciosi C81
    |--P. singularis (Girault 1915) [=Coccophagus singularis] G31
    `--P. smithi C81

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C81] Caltagirone, L. E. 1981. Landmark examples in classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 26: 213-232.

[G31] Girault, A. A. 1931. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280-283).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.