Oedipodinae

Locusta migratoria, copyright Alpsdake.

Belongs within: Acridoidea.

The Oedipodinae are a group of grasshoppers characterised by male genitalia in which the ventral aedeagal valves are very closely associated with the dorsal valves, and the narrow ventral lobe appears to participate in directing the neck of the spermatophore into the spermathecal duct (Eades 2000).

<==Oedipodinae P05
    |--Dissosteira carolina E00
    |--Camnula pellucida E00
    |--Arphia BM76
    |--Celes variabilis BM76, B01
    |--Encoptolophus BM76
    |--Pardalophora BM76
    |--Sciretetica BM76
    |--Spharagemon BM76
    |--Trilophida annulata BM76
    |--Xyleus BM76
    |--Duroniella P05
    |    |--D. fracta (Kraus 1890) P05
    |    `--D. laticornis (Karus 1909) P05
    |--Acrotylus P05
    |    |--A. insubricus (Scopoli 1786) P05
    |    |--A. patruelis Y70
    |    `--A. strepens D95
    |--Aiolopus P05
    |    |--A. strepens (Latreille 1804) P05
    |    |--A. tamulus BM76
    |    `--A. thalassinus (Fabricius 1781) P05
    |--Trimerotropis BM76
    |    |--T. citrina D37
    |    |--T. cyaneipennis SM87
    |    |--T. suffusa SM87
    |    `--T. pallidipennis Z94
    |--Sphingonotus P05
    |    |--S. erythropterus R96
    |    |--S. lucasii Saussure 1888 D95
    |    |--S. rubescens (Walker 1870) D95
    |    `--S. tricinctus D95
    |--Oedaleus P05
    |    |--O. australis R96
    |    |--O. decorus (Germar 1817) P05
    |    |--O. infernalis B01
    |    |--O. marmoratus B01
    |    `--O. mlokosiewiczi B01
    |--Oedipoda BM76
    |    |--O. albolineata Lucas 1847 E12
    |    |--O. algeriana Lucas 1847 E12
    |    |--O. arenaria Lucas 1847 E12
    |    |--O. coerulescens D95
    |    |    |--O. c. coerulescens D95
    |    |    `--O. c. sulfurescens Saussure 1884 D95
    |    |--O. fuscocincta Lucas 1847 E12
    |    |--O. mauritanica Lucas 1847 E12
    |    |--O. miniata (Pallas 1771) D95
    |    `--O. virescens Lucas 1847 E12
    |--Papipappus clarazianus R15
    `--Locusta E00
         |--L. acuminata L02
         |--L. citrifolia L02
         |--L. coronata (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Gryllus coronatus L02]
         |--L. migratoria E00
         |    |--L. m. migratoria E00
         |    |--L. m. manilensis K-P83
         |    `--L. m. migratorioides E00
         |--L. savignyi Lucas 1847 E12
         |--L. verrucivora (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Gryllus verrucivorus L02]
         |--L. viridis L02
         `--L. viridissima B01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[B01] Bolivar, I. 1901. Orthopterák [Orthoptères]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 223–243. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[D95] Damerdji, A. 1995. Bio-écologie du peuplement des orthoptères de la région de Ghazaouet (Tlemcen, Algérie). Mésogée 54: 73–80.

[D37] Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press: New York.

[E00] Eades, D. C. 2000. Evolutionary relationships of phallic structures of Acridomorpha (Orthoptera). Journal of Orthoptera Research 9: 181–210.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[K-P83] Kukalová-Peck, J. 1983. Origin of the insect wing and wing articulation from the arthropodan leg. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 1618–1669.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[P05] Papapavlou, K. P. 2005. New distributional data on the Orthoptera (Saltatoria) of the northern Dodecanese (“southern Sporadhes”) archipelago, Greece. Graellsia 61 (1): 3–11.

[R15] Rehn, J. A. G. 1915. A further contribution to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of Argentina. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (2): 270–292.

[R96] Rentz, D. 1996. Grasshopper Country: The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.

[SM87] Sites, J. W., Jr & C. Moritz. 1987. Chromosomal evolution and speciation revisited. Systematic Zoology 36 (2): 153–174.

[Y70] Yinon, U. 1970. Electrophysiological evidence of relationships in acridid insects. Systematic Zoology 19 (4): 397–398.

[Z94] Zhang, Z.-Q. 1994. Neothrombiidae (Acari: Trombidioidea) of the world: systematic review with a phylogenetic analysis and descriptions of two new genera. Oriental Insects 28: 205–237.

Stenobothrus

Male Stenobothrus lineatus, copyright Gilles San Martin.

Belongs within: Acridoidea.

Stenobothrus is a genus of grasshoppers found in Eurasia and Africa, characterised by the presence of a tooth on the ovipositor.

<==Stenobothrus
    |--S. apricarius B01
    |--S. bicolor B01
    |--S. cognatus B01
    |--S. dorsatus B01
    |--S. elegans B01
    |--S. horvathi Bolivar 1901 B01
    |--S. lineatus F01
    |--S. morio B01
    |--S. nigromaculatus B01
    |--S. parallelus B01
    |--S. petraeus B01
    |--S. simplex B01
    `--S. vagans B01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B01] Bolivar, I. 1901. Orthopterák [Orthoptères]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 223–243. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[F01] Field, L. H. 2001. Stridulatory mechanisms and associated behaviour in New Zealand wetas. In: Field, L. H. (ed.) The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies pp. 271–295. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

Deltocephalini

Deltocephalus pulicaris, copyright Brian Valentine.

Belongs within: Cicadellidae.

The Deltocephalini are a group of leafhoppers feeding on grasses and sedges, characterised by male genitalia with a linear connective fused to the aedeagus.

<==Deltocephalini
    |--Occiplanocephalus ravus Evans 1942 FM08
    |--Horouta Knight 1975 FM08
    |    |--*H. inconstans Knight 1975 F09
    |    |--H. aristarche F09
    |    |--H. austrina F09
    |    |--H. darwini Fletcher 2009 F09
    |    |--H. jahmoi F09
    |    |--H. lotis F09
    |    |--H. perparvus F09
    |    `--H. spinosa F09
    |--Maiestas knighti GF13
    `--Deltocephalus L61
         |--D. abdominalis H01
         |--D. africanus Naudé 1926 L61
         |--D. areatus H01
         |--D. assimilis H01
         |--D. bellevoyei H01
         |--D. chyzeri H01
         |--D. cogani Naudé 1926 L61
         |--D. collinus H01
         |--D. cotula (Cogan 1916) L61
         |--D. frauenfeldi H01
         |--D. histrionicus Kirkaldy 1907 K08
         |--D. hospes M83
         |--D. languidus H01
         |--D. lobatus Linnavuori 1961 L61
         |--D. medius H01
         |--D. ocellaris H01
         |--D. ornaticeps H01
         |--D. pascuellus H01
         |--D. pulicaris H01
         |--D. rhombifer H01
         |--D. sibiricus Horváth 1901 H01
         |--D. socialis H01
         `--D. striatus H01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F09] Fletcher, M. J. 2009. A new species of deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus Horouta from Barrow Island, Western Australia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 265–268.

[FM08] Fletcher, M. J., & M. L. Moir. 2008. Gunawardenea, a new genus of squat leafhoppers from Western Australia, with description of two new species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (4): 429–436.

[GF13] Gopurenko, D., M. Fletcher, H. Löcker & A. Mitchell. 2013. Morphological and DNA barcode species identifications of leafhoppers, planthoppers and treehoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) at Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 253–285.

[H01] Horváth, G. 1901. Hemipterák [Hemiptera]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 245–274. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[K08] Kirkaldy, G. W. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 345–391, pl. 4.

[L61] Linnavuori, R. 1961. Hemiptera (Homoptera): Cicadellidae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck (eds) South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 452–486. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

Athysanini

Exitianus capicola, copyright Pierre Gros.

Belongs within: Cicadellidae.

The Athysanini are a group of leafhoppers characterised by having ocelli situated dorsally on the head on the internal side of the laterofrontal sutures, and a Y-shaped connective in the male genitalia (Fletcher & Moir 2008).

<==Athysanini FM08
    |--Arawa Knight 1975 FM08
    |    `--A. variegata M83
    |--Gunawardenea Fletcher & Moir 2008 FM08
    |    |--*G. linnaei Fletcher & Moir 2008 FM08
    |    `--G. pulchra Fletcher & Moir 2008 FM08
    |--Athysanus H01
    |    |--A. flavovarius H01
    |    |--A. quadrum H01
    |    |--A. striatulellus H01
    |    `--A. striatulus H01
    |--Limotettix GF13
    |    |--L. filicicola Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |    `--L. incertus GF13
    `--Exitianus GF13
         |--E. capicola (Stål 1855) [=Athysanus capicola, Thamnotettix capicola] L61
         |--E. fasciolatus (Melichar 1911) [=Athysanus fasciolatus] L61
         |--E. kilimanus (Jacobi 1910) [=Phrynomorphus kilimanus] L61
         |--E. nanus GF13
         `--E. plebeius GF13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FM08] Fletcher, M. J., & M. L. Moir. 2008. Gunawardenea, a new genus of squat leafhoppers from Western Australia, with description of two new species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (4): 429–436.

[GF13] Gopurenko, D., M. Fletcher, H. Löcker & A. Mitchell. 2013. Morphological and DNA barcode species identifications of leafhoppers, planthoppers and treehoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) at Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 253–285.

[H01] Horváth, G. 1901. Hemipterák [Hemiptera]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 245–274. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[K08] Kirkaldy, G. W. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 345–391, pl. 4.

[L61] Linnavuori, R. 1961. Hemiptera (Homoptera): Cicadellidae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck (eds) South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 452–486. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

Tenthredo

Tenthredo mesomela, copyright Hectonichus.

Belongs within: Tenthredinidae.

Tenthredo is a diverse genus of often colourful sawflies widespread in Eurasia and North America.

Tenthredo Linnaeus 1758 [incl. Tenthredella Rohwer 1910; Tenthredininae] H04
    |--T. abietis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. allantosikkimensis Haris 2004 H04
    |--T. alni Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. americana Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. amerinae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. atra Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. betulae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. campestris Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. capreae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. cerasi Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. changbuensis Haris 2000 H04
    |--T. cincta Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. coloripleuris Malaise 1945 H04
    |--T. cynosbati Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. duodecimpunctata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. erythrocephala Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. faltuum Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. fasciata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. femorata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. flava MS01
    |--T. fulva MS01
    |--T. germanica L02
    |--T. gonagra L02
    |--T. intercus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. juniperi Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. koehleri PK17
    |--T. livida Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. lonicerae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. lucorum Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. maculipennis Malaise 1945 H04
    |--T. maruana Malaise 1945 H04
    |--T. memoriaescalerai Haris 2004 H04
    |--T. mesomela Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. minutosimplicis Haris 2004 H04
    |--T. moniliata MS01
    |--T. nemoralis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. nigroypsilon Haris 2004 H04
    |--T. nitens Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. ovata L02
    |--T. pavida L02
    |--T. pratensis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. pruni Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. reticulata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. rufipennis MS01
    |--T. rufipes Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. rumicis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. rustica Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. salicis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. scrophulariae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. septentrionalis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. ulmi Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. ustulata Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--T. variicolor Malaise 1945 H04
    `--T. viridis Linnaeus 1758 L58

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H04] Haris, A. 2004. Four new Tenthredo Linnaeus, 1758 species from Sikkim (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Graellsia 60 (2): 155–161.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

Dolerus

Dolerus varispinus, copyright James K. Lindsey.

Belongs within: Tenthredinidae.

Dolerus is a genus of sawflies found in northern temperate regions with larvae mostly feeding on grasses and horsetails.

Dolerus [Dolerinae] H04
    |--D. ciliatus MS01
    |--D. dubius [incl. D. dubius var. abietis] MS01
    |--D. fissus MS01
    |--D. haematodes MS01
    |--D. palmatus MS01
    |--D. palustris [incl. D. palustris var. saxatilis] MS01
    |--D. picipes MS01
    |--D. pratensis MS01
    |--D. pratorum MS01
    |--D. thoracicus MS01
    `--D. varispinus Hartig 1837 H04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H04] Haris, A. 2004. New sawflies from Spain (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Graellsia 60 (2): 163–165.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

Termes

Head of soldier of Termes hospes, copyright Rebecca Bath.

Belongs within: Termitinae.

Termes is a pantropical genus of termites whose soldiers have long snapping mandibles. The molecular phylogenetic analysis published by Inward et al. (2007) indicated that Termes is paraphyletic to a clade of various snapping termite genera from Australia.

<==Termes Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |  i. s.: T. argutus M91
    |         T. australis (n. d.) H42
    |         T. baculiformis [=Mirotermes baculiformis] S57
    |         T. jarmuranus M91
    |         T. marginipennis H42
    |         T. melvillensis M91
    |         T. rutoti Z02
    |         T. tubicola V25
    |--T. borneensis IVE07
    `--+--*T. fatalis Linnaeus 1758 M91, IVE07, M91 [=T. fatale M91]
       `--+--+--T. cornis IVE07
          |  `--T. hospes IVE07
          `--+--T. propinquus IVE07
             `--+--Ephelotermes Miller 1991 IVE07, M91
                |    |--*E. melachoma Miller 1991 M91
                |    |--E. argutus (Hill 1929) [=Mirotermes argutus] M91
                |    |--E. cheeli (Mjöberg 1920) (see below for synonymy) M91
                |    |--E. paleatus Miller 1991 M91
                |    |--E. persimilis (Gay 1971) [=Termes persimilis] M91
                |    `--E. taylori (Hill 1915) [=Capritermes taylori, Mirotermes taylori, Termes taylori] M91
                `--+--Macrognathotermes Miller 1991 IVE07, M91
                   |    |--*M. errator Miller 1991 M91
                   |    |--M. broomensis (Mjöberg 1920) [=Mirotermes broomensis, Termes broomensis] M91
                   |    |--M. prolatus Miller 1991 M91
                   |    `--M. sunteri (Hill 1927) [=Mirotermes sunteri, Termes sunteri] M91
                   `--+--Xylochomitermes Miller 1991 IVE07, M91
                      |    |--*X. melvillensis (Hill 1915) [=Capritermes melvillensis, Mirotermes melvillensis] M91
                      |    |--X. aspinosus Miller 1991 M91
                      |    |--X. occidualis (Gay 1971) [=Termes occidualis] M91
                      |    |--X. punctillus Miller 1991 M91
                      |    |--X. reductus (Gay 1971) [=Termes reductus] M91
                      |    `--X. tomentosus (Gay 1971) [=Termes tomentosus] M91
                      `--+--Paracapritermes Hill 1942 IVE07, M91
                         |    |--*P. primus (Hill 1942) [=Mirotermes (*Paracapritermes) primus] M91
                         |    |--P. kraepelinii (Silvestri 1909) [=Mirotermes kraepelinii] M91
                         |    |--P. prolixus Miller 1991 M91
                         |    `--P. secundus Miller 1991 M91
                         `--Cristatitermes Miller 1991 IVE07, M91
                              |--*C. carinatus Miller 1991 M91
                              |--C. arenicola Miller 1991 M91
                              |--C. barretti Miller 1991 M91
                              |--C. froggatti (Hill 1915) (see below for synonymy) M91
                              |--C. pineaformis Miller 1991 M91
                              `--C. tutulatus Miller 1991 M91

Cristatitermes froggatti (Hill 1915) [=Capritermes froggatti, Mirotermes froggatti, Termes froggatti] M91

Ephelotermes cheeli (Mjöberg 1920) [=Mirotermes cheeli, Termes cheeli; incl. M. alleni Mjöberg 1920, M. banksiensis Hill 1927] M91

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H42] Hill, G. F. 1942. Termites (Isoptera) from the Australian Region (including Australia, New Guinea and islands south of the Equator between 140°E. longitude and 170°W. longitude). Commonwealth of Australia Council for Scientific and Industrial Research: Melbourne.

[IVE07] Inward, D. J. G., A. P. Vogler & P. Eggleton. 2007. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of termites (Isoptera) illuminates key aspects of their evolutionary biology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 953–967.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M91] Miller, L. R. 1991. A revision of the Termes-Capritermes branch of the Termitinae in Australia (Isoptera: Termitidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 4: 1147–1282.

[S57] Seevers, C. H. 1957. A monograph on the termitophilous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Fieldiana Zoology 40: 1–334.

[V25] Vitzthum, H. 1925. Fauna sumatrensis. (Beitrag no. 5). Acarinae. Supplementa Entomologica 11: 1–79.

[Z02] Zherikhin, V. V. 2002. Ecological history of the terrestrial insects. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 331–388. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

Oecanthinae

Prognathogryllus in stem of tree fern Cibotium menziesii, copyright Forest & Kim Starr.

Belongs within: Grylloidea.

The Oecanthinae, tree crickets, are a group of crickets easily distinguished from other grylloides by their deltoid appearance, pale coloration, prognathous mouthparts and bifurcate tarsal claws (Rentz 1996).

<==Oecanthinae R96
    |  i. s.: Paraphasius O94
    |         Lerneca varipes Walker 1869 R18
    |--Oecanthini O94
    |    |--Viphius O94
    |    |--Oecanthodes O94
    |    `--Oecanthus R96
    |         |--O. adyeri MC13
    |         |--O. angustus R96
    |         |--O. filiger O94
    |         |--O. fultoni O94
    |         `--O. rufescens R96
    `--Xabini O94
         |--Xabea leai O94, R96
         |--Neoxabea Kirby 1906 O94
         `--+--+--Thaumatogryllus Perkins 1899 O94
            |  |    |--*T. variegatus Perkins 1899 O94
            |  |    |--T. cavicola Gurney & Rentz 1978 O94
            |  |    |--T. conanti Otte 1994 O94
            |  |    `--T. mauiensis Otte 1994 O94
            |  `--Leptogryllus Perkins 1899 O94
            |       |  i. s.: L. apicalis Perkisn 1910 O94
            |       |         L. deceptor Perkins 1910 O94
            |       |         L. kipahulu Otte 1994 O94
            |       |         L. perkisni Otte 1994 O94
            |       |--+--+--L. poamoho Otte 1994 O94
            |       |  |  `--+--L. nigromaculatus Perkins 1899 O94
            |       |  |     `--L. haupu Otte 1994 O94
            |       |  `--+--+--L. mauumae Otte 1994 O94
            |       |     |  `--L. nigrolineatus Perkins 1899 [incl. L. cylindricus Perkins 1910 non Perkins 1899] O94
            |       |     `--+--L. kainalu Otte 1994 O94
            |       |        `--+--L. luteus Otte 1994 O94
            |       |           `--L. ookala Otte 1994 O94
            |       `--+--+--L. kauaiensis Perkins 1899 [incl. L. cylindricus Perkins 1899] O94
            |          |  `--+--L. kaala Otte 1994 O94
            |          |     `--L. oahuensis Otte 1994 O94
            |          `--+--+--+--L. elongatus Perkins 1899 O94
            |             |  |  `--L. kohala Otte 1994 O94
            |             |  `--+--L. mauiensis Otte 1994 O94
            |             |     `--L. waikemoi Otte 1994 O94
            |             `--+--L. fusconotatus Perkins 1899 O94
            |                |--L. lanaiensis Otte 1994 O94
            |                |--+--*L. forficularis (Brunner 1895) [=Prognathogryllus forficularis] O94
            |                |  `--L. similis Perkins 1899 O94
            |                |--+--L. kawela Otte 1994 O94
            |                |  `--L. molokai Otte 1994 O94
            |                `--+--L. hanaula Otte 1994 O94
            |                   |--L. montgomeri Otte 1994 O94
            |                   `--L. simillimus Perkins 1899 O94
            `--Prognathogryllus Brunner von Wattenwyl 1895 (see below for synonymy) O94
                 |  i. s.: P. apteryx (Perkins 1899) (n. d.) [=*Aphonogryllus apteryx] O94
                 |--+--P. epimeces Otte 1994 O94
                 |  |--P. haupu Otte 1994 O94
                 |  |--P. kahili Otte 1994 O94
                 |  |--P. parakahili Otte 1994 O94
                 |  `--+--P. elongatus Perkins 1899 O94
                 |     `--P. hypomacron Otte 1994 O94
                 |--+--*P. alatus Brunner von Wattenwyl 1895 O94
                 |  |--P. giganteus Otte 1994 O94
                 |  |--P. pihea Otte 1994 O94
                 |  |--P. victoriae Otte 1994 O94
                 |  |--+--P. flavidus Otte 1994 O94
                 |  |  `--P. hea Otte 1994 O94
                 |  `--+--P. pararobustus Otte 1994 O94
                 |     `--P. robustus Perkins 1899 O94
                 `--+--+--+--P. awili Otte 1994 O94
                    |  |  `--P. kahea Otte 1994 O94
                    |  `--+--P. alapa Otte 1994 O94
                    |     |--P. alternatus Otte 1994 O94
                    |     |--+--P. makai Otte 1994 O94
                    |     |  `--P. weli Otte 1994 O94
                    |     `--+--P. olympus Otte 1994 O94
                    |        `--P. opua Otte 1994 O94
                    `--+--P. aphrastos Otte 1994 O94
                       |--P. makakapua Otte 1994 O94
                       |--+--P. oahuensis Perkins 1899 O94
                       |  `--+--P. spadix Otte 1994 O94
                       |     `--P. stridulans (Perkins 1899) [=*Nesogryllus stridulans] O94
                       `--+--+--P. kukui Otte 1994 O94
                          |  `--P. parakukui Otte 1994 [=P. neokukui (l. c.)] O94
                          |--+--P. hana Otte 1994 O94
                          |  |--P. kipahulu Otte 1994 O94
                          |  `--P. waikemoi Otte 1994 O94
                          `--+--P. kohala Otte 1994 O94
                             `--+--P. mauka Otte 1994 O94
                                `--P. puna Otte 1994 O94

Nomen nudum: Leptogryllus kilauea Otte 1994 O94
             Prognathogryllus polani Otte 1994 O94
             Prognathogryllus unia Otte 1994
             Prognathogryllus wahiawa Otte 1994 O94

Prognathogryllus Brunner von Wattenwyl 1895 [incl. Aphonogryllus Perkins 1899, Nesogryllus Perkins 1899] O94

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[O94] Otte, D. 1994. The Crickets of Hawaii: origin, systematics and evolution. The Orthopterists' Society: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

[R18] Rehn, J. A. G. 1918. On a collection of Orthoptera from the State of Pará, Brazil. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 70: 144–236, pls 1–2.

[R96] Rentz, D. 1996. Grasshopper Country: The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.

Trigonidium

Unidentified Trigonidium, copyright Muhammad Mahdi Karim.

Belongs within: Grylloidea.

Trigonidium is a widespread genus of sword-tailed crickets in Asia and the Pacific, with the highest diversity currently recognised from the Hawaiian Islands.

Characters (from Otte 1994): Body colour often spotted or variegated, often with dark spots and markings on head, pronotum, forewings and abdomen; basal body colour usually pale brown, sometimes reddish or greenish, rarely blackish; fore and mid-legs usually banded, rarely unbanded, sometimes blackish; male genitalia wide with long narrow prongs; songs usually consisting of rapid trills, rarely slower.

<==Trigonidium R96
    |  i. s.: *T. cicindeloides Rambur 1838 O94
    |         T. australis MC13
    |         T. canberrae R96
    |         T. meekappa MC13
    |--+--T. sylvaticum Otte 1994 [=T. sylvatica (l. c.)] O94
    |  |--+--T. akaka Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |--T. hamakua Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  `--T. kalopa Otte 1994 O94
    |  |--+--+--T. holomua Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |  `--T. makani Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  `--+--T. aka Otte 1994 O94
    |  |     |--T. halulu Otte 1994 O94
    |  |     `--T. kulana Otte 1994 O94
    |  |--+--+--T. kapipi Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |  `--T. malanai Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |--+--T. excultatum Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |  |--T. improbum Otte 1994 [=T. improba (l. c.)] O94
    |  |  |  `--T. incongruum Otte 1994 [=T. incongrua (l. c.)] O94
    |  |  `--+--T. exuberans Otte 1994 O94
    |  |     |--T. roseum (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium roseum, T. rosea (l. c.)] O94
    |  |     `--T. wahoi Otte 1994 O94
    |  |--+--T. kau Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |--+--T. hoku Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |  `--T. neovarians Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |--+--T. hyperkona Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |  |--T. kahua Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  |  `--T. makapala Otte 1994 O94
    |  |  `--+--T. kohala Otte 1994 O94
    |  |     |--T. nani Otte 1994 O94
    |  |     `--T. pavidum Otte 1994 O94
    |  `--+--+--T. ookala Otte 1994 O94
    |     |  `--T. pololu Otte 1994 O94
    |     |--+--T. awiwi Otte 1994 O94
    |     |  |--T. kolekole Otte 1994 O94
    |     |  `--T. ola Otte 1994 O94
    |     `--+--T. filicum (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium filicum] O94
    |        |--T. fritinnium Otte 1994 O94
    |        |--T. grande (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium grande] O94
    |        |--T. kona Otte 1994 O94
    |        |--T. mahina Otte 1994 O94
    |        |--T. mauka Otte 1994 O94
    |        |--T. neogrande Otte 1994 O94
    |        |--T. varians (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium varians] O94
    |        |--T. viridiscens (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium viridescens] O94
    |        `--T. waimea Otte 1994 O94
    `--+--+--T. octonalis Otte 1994 O94
       |  |--+--T. flectens Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  `--T. robustum (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium robustum, T. robusta (l. c.)] O94
       |  |--+--T. septimum Otte 1994 [=T. septima (l. c.)] O94
       |  |  `--T. sextum Otte 1994 [=T. sexta (l. c.)] O94
       |  |--+--T. acuste Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  |--T. crepitans (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium crepitans] O94
       |  |  `--T. pahiwa Otte 1994 O94
       |  |--+--T. hopo Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  |--T. novagintum Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  `--T. olomea Otte 1994 O94
       |  |--+--T. huapala Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  |--T. makau Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  `--T. malela Otte 1994 O94
       |  |--+--T. anoe Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  |--T. haupu Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  |--T. pseudonoe Otte 1994 O94
       |  |  `--T. triens Otte 1994 O94
       |  |--+--T. attenuatum (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium attenuatum, T. attenuata (l. c.)] O94
       |  |  |--T. crustum Otte 1994 [=T. crusta (l. c.)] O94
       |  |  |--T. octavum Otte 1994 [=T. octava (l. c.)] O94
       |  |  `--T. procrustum Otte 1994 [=T. procrusta (l. c.)] O94
       |  `--+--T. novena Otte 1994 O94
       |     |--T. paranoe Otte 1994 O94
       |     |--T. paroctonalis Otte 1994 O94
       |     `--T. virens Otte 1994 O94
       `--+--+--T. atroferrugineum (Brunner 1895) [=Paratrigonidium atroferrugineum] O94
          |  |--T. puiwa Otte 1994 O94
          |  |--+--T. awawa Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  |--T. ua Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. wai Otte 1994 O94
          |  `--+--T. kupono Otte 1994 O94
          |     |--T. molokaiense (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium molokaiense] O94
          |     `--T. pipili Otte 1994 O94
          |--+--+--T. ilex Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. pudicum Otte 1994 [=T. pudica (l. c.)] O94
          |  |--+--T. kaeka Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. wiki Otte 1994 O94
          |  |--+--T. ahiu Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  |--T. imitans Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. nele Otte 1994 O94
          |  |--+--T. freycinetiae (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium freycinetiae] O94
          |  |  |--T. hapapa Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. saltator (Perkins 1994) [=Paratrigonidium saltator] O94
          |  `--+--T. iuka Otte 1994 O94
          |     |--T. lena Otte 1994 O94
          |     `--T. paranoho Otte 1994 O94
          |--+--+--T. exiguum (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium exiguum] O94
          |  |  `--T. haawina Otte 1994 O94
          |  |--+--T. hehelo Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. liula Otte 1994 O94
          |  |--+--T. ignavum Otte 1994 [=T. ignava (l. c.)] O94
          |  |  `--T. languidum Otte 1994 [=T. languida (l. c.)] O94
          |  |--+--T. subroseum (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium subroseum] O94
          |  |  `--T. venatum Otte 1994 [=T. venata (l. c.)] O94
          |  |--+--T. fortuitum Otte 1994 [=T. fortuita (l. c.)] O94
          |  |  |--T. paraspilos Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. pseudoli Otte 1994 O94
          |  |--+--T. laupele Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  |--T. makanina Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  |--T. puukani Otte 1994 O94
          |  |  `--T. sibilans Otte 1994 O94
          |  `--+--T. debile (Perkins 1899) [=Paratrigonidium debile] O94
          |     |--T. ligna Otte 1994 O94
          |     |--T. ohaka Otte 1994 O94
          |     |--T. palai Otte 1994 O94
          |     `--T. spilos Otte 1994 O94
          `--+--T. waikua Otte 1994 O94
             |--+--T. eumeles Otte 1994 O94
             |  `--T. ulaino Otte 1994 O94
             |--+--T. hoahoa Otte 1994 O94
             |  |--T. proalina Otte 1994 O94
             |  `--T. waialina Otte 1994 O94
             |--+--T. hamumu Otte 1994 O94
             |  |--T. kupinai Otte 1994 O94
             |  |--T. paramana Otte 1994 O94
             |  `--T. silvicola Otte 1994 O94
             |--+--T. iao Otte 1994 [=T. rufa Otte 1994 (n. n.)] O94
             |  |--T. kukui Otte 1994 O94
             |  |--T. mauiensis Otte 1994 O94
             |  |--T. neokukui Otte 1994 O94
             |  `--T. promana Otte 1994 O94
             `--+--T. alina Otte 1994
                |--T. kewai Otte 1994 O94
                |--T. kolea Otte 1994 O94
                |--T. kua Otte 1994 O94
                |--T. mana Otte 1994 O94
                |--T. pseudokua Otte 1994 O94
                `--T. waipuna Otte 1994 O94

Nomina nuda: Trigonidium halulu Otte 1994 O94
             Trigonidium infrequens Otte 1994 O94
             Trigonidium kokio Otte 1994 O94
             Trigonidium koolignava Otte 1994 O94
             Trigonidium kuikawa Otte 1994 O94
             Trigonidium welau Otte 1994 O94

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[O94] Otte, D. 1994. The Crickets of Hawaii: origin, systematics and evolution. The Orthopterists' Society: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

[R96] Rentz, D. 1996. Grasshopper Country: The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney

Belonopterygini

Italochrysa italica, copyright Nigel Jones.

Belongs within: Chrysopidae.

The Belonopterygini are a group of relatively robust green lacewings whose larvae are associated with ant nests (Freitas & Penny 2001).

See also: Of lions and lace; The red-lined wings of South America.

Characters (from Freitas & Penny 2001): Adults thick-bodied with prothorax wider than long; antennomeres wider than long beyond the first few basal segments. Larvae associated with ant nests.

<==Belonopterygini
    |--Belonopteryx FP01
    |--Abachrysa FP01
    |--Nacarina Navás 1915 FP01
    |    |--N. aculeata de Freitas & Penny 2001 FP01
    |    |--N. cordillera FP01
    |    |--N. gladius de Freitas & Penny 2001 FP01
    |    |--N. lavrasana de Freitas & Penny 2001 FP01
    |    |--N. panchlora (Gerstaecker 1888) FP01
    |    |--N. plectorica (Navás 1919) FP01
    |    |--N. sagitta de Freitas & Penny 2001 FP01
    |    `--N. wagneri Navás 1924 FP01
    `--Italochrysa Principi 1946 FP01, N80
         |--*I. italica [=Hemerobius italicus] N80
         |--I. banksi New 1980 N80
         |--I. chloromelas (Girard 1862) [=Hemerobius chloromelas] N80
         |--I. facialis (Banks 1910) [=Nothochrysa facialis] N80
         |--I. froggatti (Esben-Petersen 1914) [=Nothochrysa froggatti] N80
         |--I. insignis (Walker 1853) (see below for synonymy) N80
         |--I. lata (Banks 1910) [=Nothochrysa lata] N80
         |--I. luddemanni (Navás 1935) [=Nothochrysa luddemanni] N80
         |--I. nigrinervis (Esben-Petersen 1917)[=Nothochrysa nigrinervis] N80
         `--I. punctistigma (Esben-Petersen 1918) [=Nothochrysa punctistigma] N80

Italochrysa insignis (Walker 1853) [=Chrysopa insignis; incl. Nothochrysa insignita Navas 1913, C. stictoneura Gerstaecker 1885, N. xanthocephala Navas 1932] N80

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FP01] Freitas, S. de, & N. D. Penny. 2001. The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 52: 245–395.

[N80] New, T. R. 1980. A revision of the Australian Chrysopidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 77: 1–143.

Distoleontini

Bandidus breviusculus, copyright Dhobern.

Belongs within: Myrmeleontidae.

The Distoleontini are a group of antlions with relatively short cubital veins in the forewing (New 1985a).

Characters (from New 1985a): Forewing costal cells simple; veins CuA2 and (CuP + 1A) relatively short; vein 2A close to 1A at base, then 2A and 3A closely associated over central lengths. Hindwing Rs arising well before medial fork; one (rarely two or more) presectoral crossveins.

<==Distoleontini [Formicaleonini, Formicaleontini, Glenurini, Macronemurinae]
    |  i. s.: ‘Formicaleon’ audax N85b
    |--Neuroleon [incl. Neleomma Kimmins 1938 nec Navás 1914] N85b
    |--Macronemurus Costa 1835 N85b
    |    |--*M. appendiculatus N85b
    |    `--M. striola Kolbe 1897 HM55
    |--Brachyleon Tillyard 1916 N85b
    |    `--*B. darwini (Banks 1915) [=Macronemurus darwini] N85b
    |--Eophanes Banks 1931 N85b
    |    |--*E. formosa N85b
    |    `--E. distinctus (Banks 1939) [=Formicaleo distinctus; incl. E. falcata Kimmins 1955] N85b
    |--Stenogymnocnemia Esben-Petersen 1923 N85b
    |    |--*S. malus (Walker 1853) [=Myrmeleon malus, Glenurus malus] N85b
    |    `--S. angusta New 1985 N85b
    |--Distoleon Banks 1910 [incl. Eidoleon Esben-Petersen 1918] N85b
    |    |--D. somnolentus (Gerstaecker 1884) (see below for synonymy) N85b
    |    |--D. bistrigatus (Rambur 1842) (see below for synonymy) N85b
    |    |--D. morpheus (Kirby 1900) [=Formicaleo morpheus] N85b
    |    |--D. nefarius Navás 1910 (n. d.) N85b
    |    `--D. perjurus N85b
    |--Xantholeon Tillyard 1916 [incl. Cataleon Navás 1933] N85b
    |    |--*X. helmsi Tillyard 1916 [incl. *Cataleon gratiosus Navás 1933] N85b
    |    |--X. lineatus New 1985 N85b
    |    |--X. manselli New 1985 N85b
    |    |--X. montanus New 1985 N85b
    |    `--X. xadnus New 1985 N85b
    |--Stenoleon Tillyard 1916 N85b
    |    |--*S. fieldi Tillyard 1916 N85b
    |    |--S. cingulatus New 1985 N85b
    |    |--S. copleyensis New 1985 N85b
    |    |--S. gradostriatus New 1985 N85b
    |    |--S. grandithecus New 1985 N85b
    |    `--S. navasi New 1985 N85b
    |--Escura Navás 1914 [incl. Alloformicaleon Esben-Petersen 1915] N85b
    |    |--*E. divergens Navás 1914 N85b
    |    |--E. australis (Esben-Petersen 1915) [=Formicaleon australis, *Alloformicaleon australis] N85b
    |    |--E. fitzroyensis New 1985 N85b
    |    |--E. josephinae New 1985 N85b
    |    |--E. nigrosignatus (Tillyard 1916) [=Distoleon nigrosignatus, Eidoleon nigrosignatus] N85b
    |    |--E. notostriatus New 1985 N85b
    |    |--E. patriciae New 1985 N85b
    |    |--E. punctata New 1985 N85b
    |    `--E. rhondae New 1985 N85b
    |--Creoleon nubifer (Kolbe 1897) N85a, HM55 [=Creagris nubifer HM55, Gama nubifer HM55]
    `--Bandidus Navás 1914 [incl. Heteroleon Esben-Petersen 1918] N85b
         |--*B. canifrons (Navás 1914) [=Formicaleo canifrons, Alloformicaleon canifrons] N85b
         |--B. abditus (Walker 1853) [=Myrmeleon abditus, Macronemurus abditus] N85b
         |--B. aeratus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. amarillus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. antestriatus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. apicalis (Esben-Petersen 1923) [=Heteroleon apicalis] N85b
         |--B. barradalensis New 1985 N85b
         |--B. breviusculus (Gerstaecker 1885) (see below for synonymy) N85b
         |--B. brisbanensis New 1985 N85b
         |--B. centralis New 1985 N85b
         |--B. congestus (Gerstaecker 1885) [=Myrmeleon congestus, Formicaleo congestus] N85b
         |--B. cornutus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. dalyensis New 1985 N85b
         |--B. dispersus (Banks 1910) [=Formicaleo dispersus] N85b
         |--B. exilis (Esben-Petersen 1918) [=Heteroleon exilis] N85b
         |--B. furcatus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. fuscus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. handschini New 1985 N85b
         |--B. hilli (Esben-Petersen 1923) [=Formicaleo hilli] N85b
         |--B. hyalinus (Tillyard 1916) [=Alloformicaleon hyalinus, Formicaleo hyalinus] N85b
         |--B. kimminsi New 1985 N85b
         |--B. longigona New 1985 N85b
         |--B. marginalis (Banks 1910) [=Formicaleo marginalis, Heteroleon marginalis] N85b
         |--B. nebulosus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. nigrifrons (Navás 1922) [=Nelees nigrifrons, Neleomma nigrifrons] N85b
         |--B. occidentalis New 1985 N85b
         |--B. ocellonotus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. oppositus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. pulchellus (Esben-Petersen 1923) [=Heteroleon pulchellus] N85b
         |--B. rydalmerensis New 1985 N85b
         |--B. septus (Gerstaecker 1885) [=Formicaleon septus] N85b
         |--B. spinosus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. tibooburranensis New 1985 N85b
         |--B. umbronotus New 1985 N85b
         |--B. vafer (Walker 1853) (see below for synonymy) N85b
         `--B. xylotus New 1985 N85b

Bandidus breviusculus (Gerstaecker 1885) [=Myrmeleon breviusculus, Formicaleo breviusculus; incl. Alloformicaleon waterhousei Tillyard 1916] N85b

Bandidus vafer (Walker 1853) [=Myrmeleon vafer, Formicaleo vafer; incl. Myrmeleon desperatus Walker 1853, Formicaleon desperatus, Macronemurus desperatus, Myrmeleon malefidus Walker 1853, Myrmecaelurus malefidus, Myrmeleon perniciosus Walker 1853, Formicaleo perniciosus, Macronemurus perniciosus, Nelees strigatus Navás 1914] N85b

Distoleon bistrigatus (Rambur 1842) [=Myrmeleon bistrigatus, Eidoleon bistrigatus; incl. Formicaleo acuminatus Okamoto 1910, F. brahmanicus Banks 1913, Myrmeleon striola Walker 1853, F. striola, M. torvus Walker 1853, F. torvus] N85b

Distoleon somnolentus (Gerstaecker 1884) [=Formicaleo somnolentus; incl. D. peterseni Navás 1935, F. thoreyi Navás 1914, *D. verticalis Banks 1910] N85b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[HM55] Handschin, E. & W. Markl. 1955. Neuropteren aus Angola. Diamang Publicações Culturais 27: 65–82.

[N85a] New, T. R. 1985a. A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). I. Introduction, Myrmeleontini, Protoplectrini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 104: 1–90.

[N85b] New, T. R. 1985b. A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). III. Distoleontini and Acanthaclisinae. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 106: 1–159.

Myrmeleontini

Myrmeleon pictifrons, copyright Dhobern.

Belongs within: Myrmeleontidae.

The Myrmeleontini is a group of antlions characterised by having the Rs vein in the hindwing arising a fair way down the length of the wing (New 1985a).

Characters (from New 1985a): Forewing vein 2A close to 1A at base, then 2A and 3A closely associated over central lengths; hindwing Rs arising opposite or beyond medial fork, usually four or more hindwing presectoral crossveins present.

<==Myrmeleontini [Myrmeleonini]
    |--Weeleus acutus N85b
    |--Callistoleon Banks 1910 N85a
    |    |--*C. erythrocephalum (Leach 1814) [=Myrmeleon erythrocephalus, Glenurus erythrocephalus] N85a
    |    `--C. illustris (Gerstaecker 1885) [=Myrmeleon illustris] N85a
    |--Hagenomyia Banks 1911 [incl. Balaga Navás 1912, Baliga Navás 1912, Nelees Navás 1911] N85a
    |    |--*H. tristis (Walker 1853) N85a, HM55 [=Myrmeleon tristis N85a, Nelees tristis HM55]
    |    |--H. australis Banks 1939 N85a
    |    |--H. papuensis N85a
    |    `--H. sagax [incl. H. celebensis, H. nicobaricus, H. sumatrensis] N85a
    `--Myrmeleon Linnaeus 1767 (see below for synonymy) N85a
         |--*M. formicarius N85a
         |--M. acer Walker 1853 (see below for synonymy) N85a
         |--M. albivenosus New 1985 N85a
         |--M. ambiguus Klapálek 1901 K01
         |--M. bifasciatus New 1985 N85a
         |--M. celebensis N85a
         |--M. commoni New 1985 N85a
         |--M. comptus Gerstaecker 1885 [incl. M. croceus Esben-Petersen 1918] N85a
         |--‘Formicaleo’ crampeli Esben-Petersen 1932 HM55
         |--M. croceicollis Gerstaecker 1884 [incl. Grocus gerstaeckeri Navás 1925, M. loweri Tillyard 1916] N85a
         |--M. diminutus Esben-Petersen 1915 N85a
         |--M. exsanguis N85a
         |--M. houstoni New 1985 N85a
         |--M. immaculatus C90
         |--M. iridescens Kirby 1900 N85a
         |--M. lethifer Walker 1853 N85a, HM55 (see below for synonymy)
         |--‘Formicaleo’ lineatus K01
         |--M. maculaclypeus New 1985 N85a
         |--M. mcfarlandi New 1985 N85a
         |--M. nigromarginatus Esben-Petersen 1917 N85a
         |--M. obscurus Rambur 1842 [=Morter obscurus] HM55
         |--M. pallidus (Esben-Petersen 1918) [=*Myrmeleonellus pallidus] N85a
         |--M. pictifrons Gerstaecker 1885 N85a
         |--M. regularis (Esben-Petersen 1918) [=*Leptoleon regularis] N85a
         |--M. sagittarius New 1985 N85a
         |--M. solers N85a
         |--M. striatifrons New 1985 N85a
         |--M. territorius New 1985 N85a
         |--M. tigrinum Fabricius 1775 N85a
         `--M. uptoni New 1985 N85a

Myrmeleon Linnaeus 1767 [incl. Formicaleo Geoffroy 1762, Grocus Navás 1925, Leptoleon Esben-Petersen 1918, Morter Navás 1914, Myrmecoleon Burmeister 1839, Myrmeleonellus Esben-Petersen 1918] N85a

Myrmeleon acer Walker 1853 [=Grocus acer; incl. M. hostilis Walker 1853, M. inopinus Walker 1853, M. malignus, M. uniseriatus Gerstaecker 1884] N85a

Myrmeleon lethifer Walker 1853 N85a, HM55 [=Hagenomyia lethifer HM55; incl. H. luctuosa Navas 1912 HM55, Myrmeleon nigridorsis Kolbe 1897 HM55]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C90] Crawford, C. S. 1990. Scorpiones, Solifugae, and associated desert taxa. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 421–475. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[HM55] Handschin, E. & W. Markl. 1955. Neuropteren aus Angola. Diamang Publicações Culturais 27: 65–82.

[K01] Klapálek, F. 1901. Neuropteroidák [Neuropteroiden]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy], Band II. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy], pp. 203–221. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[N85a] New, T. R. 1985a. A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). I. Introduction, Myrmeleontini, Protoplectrini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 104: 1–90.

[N85b] New, T. R. 1985b. A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). III. Distoleontini and Acanthaclisinae. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 106: 1–159.