Julida

Megaphyllum unilineatum, copyright Zdeněk Hyan.

Belongs within: Eugnatha.
Contains: Cylindroiulus, Leptoiulus, Julus.

The Julida are a group of millipedes with pleura fused with terga, and a gnathochilarium with meeting stipes. Members of the families Paeromopodidae and Julidae bear distinct, fine longitudinal striation all around the metazonal segments; members of other families have such striation absent or on the lower sides of the segments only (Hoffman 1990).

Characters (from Hoffman 1990): Gnathochilarium with stipes broadly in contact medially, with small promental sclerite isolated in front of median commissure and larger transverse mental plate (or two plates) at base; sterna, pleura, and terga coalesced into rigid cylindrical rings, with pleural sclerites completely coalesced with lower ends of terga, no suture line remaining; segment 3 without legs.

<==Julida [Symphyognatha, Zygocheta]
    |  i. s.: Tachypodoiulus [incl. Ischiolobus Attems 1951] TKM93
    |           `--T. niger (Leach 1815) [incl. *Ischiolobus niger Attems 1951] TKM93
    |--Paeromopodidae [Californiulidae] H90
    |    |--Paeromopus H90
    |    |--Californiulus H90
    |    `--Aprosphylosoma H90
    |--Nemasomatidae MG00
    |    |--Telsonemasoma H90
    |    |--Thalassisobates littoralis KAA-W00
    |    |--Nemasoma varicorne Koch 1847 TKM93 [=Isobates varicornis KAA-W00]
    |    |--Chelojulus Enghoff 1982 H00
    |    |    `--C. sculpturatus WA04
    |    `--Orinisobates Lohmander 1933 MG00
    |         |--O. microthylax Enghoff 1985 MG00
    |         `--O. sibiricus (Gulička 1963) [=Isobates sibiricus] MG00
    |--Blaniulidae [Isobatidae] TKM93
    |    |  i. s.: Nopoiulus kochii (Gervais 1847) KAA-W00
    |    |         Proteroiulus KAA-W00
    |    |           |--P. fuscus (Am Stein 1857) [=Blaniulus fuscus] TKM93
    |    |           `--P. varicornis KAA-W00
    |    |         Blaniulus TKM93
    |    |           |--B. guttulatus (Fabricius 1798) TKM93
    |    |           `--B. venustus A01
    |    |         Skleroprotopus Attems 1901 [Isobatini, Protoiulidae] A01
    |    |           `--*S. confucius Attems 1901 A01
    |    |--+--Virgoiulus H90
    |    |  `--Okeanobates H90
    |    `--Zosteractinidae H90
    |         |--Zosteractis H90
    |         `--Ameractis H90
    |--Parajulidae H90
    |    |  i. s.: ‘Julus’ telluster Scudder 1878 RB93
    |    |--Aliulus H90
    |    |--Aniulus bollmani KAA-W00
    |    |--Arvechambus H90
    |    |--Ethojulus H90
    |    |--Gyniulus H90
    |    |--Hakiulus H90
    |    |--Illiulus H90
    |    |--Okliulus H90
    |    |--Oriulus H90
    |    |--Pseudojulus H90
    |    |--Ptyoiulus H90
    |    |--Teniulus H90
    |    |--Uroblaniulus H90
    |    |--Apacheiulus H90
    |    |--Gosiulus H90
    |    |--Codiulus H90
    |    |--Bollmaniulus H90
    |    |--Karteroiulus H90
    |    |--Mulaikiulus H90
    |    |--Saiulus H90
    |    |--Simiulus H90
    |    `--Spathiulus H90
    `--Julidae KAA-W00
         |--Brachyiulus pusillus KAA-W00
         |--Allajulus nitidus (Verhoeff 1891) H90, TKM93 [=Cylindroiulus nitidus KAA-W00]
         |--Cylindroiulus MG00
         |--Hypsoiulus alpivagus (Verhoeff 1897) TKM93
         |--Leptoiulus TKM93
         |--Pachypodoiulus eurypus (Attems 1895) TKM93
         |--Unciger foetidus (Koch 1838) TKM93
         |--Pachyiulus fuscipes A01
         |--Glyphiulus granulatus A01
         |--Julus KAA-W00
         |--Leptophyllum (Anuroleptophyllum Attems 1901) A01
         |    `--L. (*A.) caucasicum Attems 1901 A01
         |--Pacifiiulus Mikhaljova 1982 MG00
         |    `--P. amurensis (Gerstfeldt 1859) [incl. P. imbricatus] MG00
         |--Ommatoiulus TKM93
         |    |--O. moreletti DAF07
         |    `--O. sabulosus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Schizophyllum sabulosum] TKM93
         |--Enantiulus TKM93
         |    |--E. nanus (Latzel 1884) [=Julus nanus, Leptophyllum nanum, Metaleptophyllum nanum] TKM93
         |    `--E. pelidnus (Latzel 1884) TKM93
         |--Ophyiulus KAA-W00
         |    |--O. nigrofuscus (Verhoeff 1894) TKM93
         |    |--O. pilosus (Newport 1842) TKM93
         |    `--‘Iulus (*Leucoiulus)’ tirolensis Verhoeff 1894 (n. d.) TKM93
         |--Sibiriulus Gulička 1972 MG00
         |    |--S. altaicus (Gulička 1972) [=Cylindroiulus (Sibiriulus) altaicus] MG00
         |    |--S. dentiger (Gulička 1963) [=Cylindroiulus (Sibiriulus) dentiger] MG00
         |    `--S. multinicus Mikhaljova in Mikhaljova & Golovatch 2000 MG00
         `--Megaphyllum Verhoeff 1894 MG00
              |--M. austriacum (Latzel 1884) [=Julus austriacus] TKM93
              |--M. projectum (Verhoeff 1894) [=Chromatoiulus projectus] TKM93
              |--M. sjaelandicum (Meinert 1868) MG00
              `--M. unilineatum (Koch 1838) [=Chromatoiulus unilineatus] TKM93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A01] Attems, C. Graf. 1901. Myriopodák [Myriopoden]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 275–310. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[DAF07] Department of Agriculture and Food. 2007. Common Seasonal Pests. State of Western Australia.

[H00] Hannibal, J. T. 2000. Hexecontasoma, a new helminthomorph millipede (Hexecontasomatidae n. fam.) from the Mazon Creek, Illinois, fauna (Carboniferous, North America). Fragmenta Faunistica 43 (Suppl.): 19–35.

[H90] Hoffman, R. L. 1990. Diplopoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 835–860. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[KAA-W00] Kheirallah, A.-M., A.-N. H. Aly & N. Y. Abdel-Wahed. 2000. Anamorphosis and life-history of the millipede Nopoiulus kochii (Gervais, 1847), new for Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East 21: 159–168.

[MG00] Mikhaljova, E. V., & S. I. Golovatch. 2000. A review of the millipede fauna of Siberia (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 9: 103–118.

[RB93] Ross, A. J., & D. E. G. Briggs. 1993. Arthropoda (Euthycarcinoidea and Myriapoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 357–361. Chapman & Hall: London.

[TKM93] Thaler, K., B. Knoflach & E. Meyer. 1993. Fragmenta faunistica Tirolensia—X. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 80: 311–325.

[WA04] Wilson, H. M., & L. I. Anderson. 2004. Morphology and taxonomy of Paleozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Archipolypoda) from Scotland. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 169–184.

Last updated: 10 June 2022.

Xystodesmoidea

Yellow flat-backed millipede Cherokia georgiana, copyright Sheryl Pollock.

Belongs within: Polydesmida.

The Xystodesmoidea are a group of millipedes with usually prominent paraterga and bodies incapable of rolling into a ball.

Characters (from Enghoff et al. 2015): Length ca. 8 to more than 80 mm, exceptionally smaller. Body not capable of volvation, broad and robust, width/length ratio usually <18%, usually parallel-sided on rings 3–16. Antennae rarely with more than four apical cones, not arranged in dyads. Paraterga mostly prominent, lateral calluses normally evident; metaterga usually without setae. Gonopod coxa with cannula; telopodite with neither acccssory seminal chamber nor hairy pulvillus.

<==Xystodesmoidea H90
    |--Eurymerodesmidae H90
    |    |--Eurymerodesmus H90
    |    `--Paresmus H90
    `--Xystodesmidae [Eurydesmidae, Fontariidae] H90
         |  i. s.: Xystocheir H90
         |         Amplocheir H90
         |         Paimokia H90
         |         Anombrocheir H90
         |         Wamokia H90
         |         Motyxia H90
         |         Harpaphe H90
         |         Hybaphe H90
         |         Isaphe H90
         |         Tubaphe H90
         |         Chonaphe H90
         |         Montaphe H90
         |         Metaxycheir H90
         |         Orophe H90
         |         Stenodesmus H90
         |         Gyalostethus H90
         |         Caralinda H90
         |         Pachydesmus H90
         |         Dicellarius H90
         |         Nannaria H90
         |         Oenomoea H90
         |         Apheloria H90
         |         Rudiloria H90
         |         Dixioria H90
         |         Sigmoria aberrans H90, I92
         |         Cleptoria H90
         |         Brachoria H90
         |         Dynoria H90
         |         Lyrranea H90
         |         Deltotaria H90
         |         Stelgipus H90
         |         Cheiropus H90
         |         Croatania H90
         |         Semionellus H90
         `--Rhysodesmini H62
              |--Rhysodesmus Cook 1895 H62
              |    `--R. violaceus (Brölemann 1900) [=Fontaria violacea] K54
              |--Erdelyia Hoffman 1962 H62
              |    `--*E. saucra Hoffman 1962 H62
              |--Cruzodesmus Chamberlin 1943 H62
              |--Acentronus Chamberlin 1943 H62
              |--Boraria Chamberlin 1943 H62
              |--Howellaria Hoffman 1950 H62
              |--Cherokia Chamberlin 1949 H62
              |    `--C. georgiana MG06
              `--Pleuroloma Rafinesque 1820 H62

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Enghoff, H., S. Golovatch, M. Short, P. Stoev & T. Wesener. 2015. Diplopoda—taxonomic overview. In: Minelli, A. (ed.) Treatise on Zoology—Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda vol. 2 pp. 363–454. Brill: Leiden.

[H62] Hoffman, R. L. 1962. A new genus and species in the diplopod family Xystodesmidae (Polydesmida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 181–188.

[H90] Hoffman, R. L. 1990. Diplopoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 835–860. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[I92] Imes, R. 1992. The Practical Entomologist. Aurum Press: London.

[K54] Kraus, O. 1954. Myriapoden aus El Salvador. Senckenbergiana Biologica 35 (5–6): 293–349.

[MG06] Mallatt, J., & G. Giribet. 2006. Further use of nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA genes to classify Ecdysozoa: 37 more arthropods and a kinorhynch. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 772–794.

Buchia

Buchia crassicollis, copyright Erica Clites.

Belongs within: Bivalvia.

Buchia is a genus of mussel-like bivalves known from the Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous (Cox et al. 1969).

Characters (from Cox et al. 1969): Strongly prosocline, height well exceeding length; highly inequivalve, left valve strongly convex with more or less prominently projecting umbo and prosogyrous beak, right valve flat to feebly convex with its umbo scarcely projecting; right anterior auricle concave tonguelike process which is not in alignment with hinge margin but extends toward left valve and rests in socket in its cardinal area in front of beak; cardinal area an inequilateral triangle of moderate breadth in each valve, with shallow ligamental pit directed backward from beak, pit of left valve with raised margins; ornament of concentric ridges or ribs, occasionally with subordinate radial threads.

<==Buchia Rouillier 1845 SY85
    |--B. bulloides K79
    |--B. crassicollis K79
    |--B. donganensis Sha & Yuan 1985 SY85
    |--B. fischeriana (d’Orbigny 1888) [=Aucella fischeriana, A. fischeri] SY85
    |--B. inflata K79
    |    |--B. i. inflata K79
    |    `--B. i. crassa K79
    |--B. keyserlingi K79
    |--B. lahuseni [=Aucella lahuseni] SY85
    |--B. mosquensis H79
    |--B. obliqua SY85
    |--B. okensis (see below for synonymy) SY85
    |--B. orbicularis SY85
    |--B. pacifica K79
    |--B. poichii SY85
    |--B. subinflata SY85
    |--B. subokensis [=Aucella subokensis, B. okensis var. subokensis] SY85
    |--B. subunchensis Sha & Yuan 1985 SY85
    |--B. talmatschowi K79
    |--B. terebratuloides SY85
    |--B. trigonoides (Lahusen 1888) [=Aucella trigonoides] SY85
    |--B. uncitoides SY85
    |--B. unschensis SY85
    `--B. volgensis (Lahusen 1888) (see below for synonymy) SY85

Buchia okensis [=Aucella okensis; incl. A. canadiana Crickmay 1930, Buchia okensis var. canadiana, A. cascadensis Crickmay 1930] SY85

Buchia volgensis (Lahusen 1888) [=Aucella volgensis; incl. A. occidentalis Anderson 1945, Buchia occidentalis, A. volgensis var. radiolata Pavlow 1896] SY85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cox, L. R., N. D. Newell et al. 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt N. Bivalvia vol. 1. The Geological Society of America, Inc. and The University of Kansas.

[H79] Hölder, H. 1979. Jurassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A390–A417. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[SY85] Sha J.-G. & Yuan F.-S. 1985. Buchia fauna from Dong’anzhen Formation near Dong’an of Raohe County, Heilongjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 24 (6): 651–662.

Inoceramus

Inoceramus hobetsensis, photographed by Daderot.

Belongs within: Pteriomorphia.

Inoceramus is a diverse genus of pteriomorph molluscs known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Characters (from Cox et al. 1969): Subequivalve to strongly inequivalve, ovate, trapeziform or suborbicular; posterior wing variably developed; ligamental area concave transversely; radial ornament rarely present; outer ostracum occasionally very thick.

<==Inoceramus Smith 1816 B59
    |--I. involutus [=*I. cuvieri (preoc.)] B59
    |--I. adgjakendensis K79
    |--I. amakusensis K79
    |--I. anglicus K79
    |    |--I. a. anglicus K79
    |    |--I. a. conjugalis K79
    |    `--I. a. elongatus K79
    |--I. apicalis K79
    |--I. arvanus K79
    |--I. athabaskensis K79
    |--I. aucella K79
    |--I. awajiensis K79
    |--I. azerbaidjanensis K79
    |--I. balchii K79
    |--I. barabini Morton 1834 [incl. I. crispii Conrad 1857] W77
    |--I. bellvuensis K79
    |--I. browni K79
    |--I. carsoni RC02
    |--I. colonicus K79
    |--I. comancheanus K79
    |--I. concentricus K79
    |    |--I. c. concentricus K79
    |    |--I. c. costatus K79
    |    `--I. c. nipponicus K79
    |--I. convexus K79
    |--I. costellatus K79
    |--I. crassalatus White 1877 W77
    |--I. crassus K79
    |--I. crippsi K79
    |--I. deformis Meek 1872 W77
    |--I. dimidius White 1874 W77
    |--I. dubius M79
    |--I. dunveganensis K79
    |--I. elegans K79
    |    |--I. e. elegans K79
    |    `--I. e. pseudosulcatus K79
    |--I. erectus K79
    |--I. ernsti K79
    |--I. eulessanus K79
    |--I. fasciculatus K79
    |--I. flaccidus White 1877 W77
    |--I. flavus K79
    |--I. fragilis Hall & Meek 1856 W77
    |--I. furnivali K79
    |--I. ginterensis K79
    |--I. hetonaianus K79
    |--I. hobetsensis K79
    |--I. howelli K79
    |--I. humboldti K79
    |--I. inaequivalvis K79
    |--I. japonicus K79
    |--I. kedrovensis K79
    |--I. kleini K79
    |--I. kusiroensis K79
    |--I. labiatiformis K79
    |--I. lamarcki K79
    |--I. macconnelli K79
    |--I. maclearni K79
    |--I. madagascariensis RC02
    |--I. mihoensis K79
    |--I. mukawaensis K79
    |--I. nahwisi K79
    |--I. naumanni [=Sphenoceramus naumanni] K79
    |--I. nebrascensis K79
    |--I. oblongus K79
    |--I. opetius Wellman 1959 S98
    |--I. orientalis [=Sphenoceramus orientalis] K79
    |--I. ovatoides K79
    |--I. pennatulus K79
    |--I. perplexus K79
    |--I. pertenuis K79
    |--I. pictus RC02
    |    |--I. p. pictus K79
    |    `--I. p. etheridgei K79
    |--I. prefragilis K79
    |--I. problematicus (Schlotheim 1820) (see below for synonymy) W77
    |--I. quadrans K79
    |--I. reachensis K79
    |--I. redbirdensis K79
    |--I. reduncus K79
    |--I. rotundatus K79
    |--I. rutherfordi K79
    |--I. sagensis K79
    |--I. schloenbachi K79
    |--I. schmidti [=Sphenoceramus schmidti] K79
    |--I. securiformis K79
    |--I. serotinus K79
    |--I. shikotaensis K79
    |--I. simpsoni K79
    |--I. stantoni K79
    |--I. subcompressus K79
    |--I. subundatus K79
    |--I. sutherlandi RC02
    |--I. tenuilineatus K79
    |--I. tenuis K79
    |--I. tenuiumbonatus K79
    |--I. teshioensis K79
    |--I. typicus K79
    |--I. uwajimensis K79
    |    |--I. u. uwajimensis K79
    |    `--I. u. yeharai K79
    |--I. vanuxemi K79
    |--I. waltersdorfensis K79
    |    |--I. w. waltersdorfensis K79
    |    `--I. w. hannovrensis K79
    |--I. yabai K79
    |--I. yokoyamai K79
    `--I. yubariensis K79

Inoceramus problematicus (Schlotheim 1820) [=Mytilus problematicus; incl. M. labiatus Brongniart 1822, Inoceratus mytiloides Goldfuss 1836] W77

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B59] Boreham, A. U. E. 1959. Cretaceous fossils from the Chatham Islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 119–125.

Cox, L. R., N. D. Newell et al. 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt N. Bivalvia vol. 1. The Geological Society of America, Inc. and The University of Kansas.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M79] Müller, A. H. 1979. Fossilization (taphonomy). In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A2–A78. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[RC02] Riding, J. B., & J. A. Crame. 2002. Aptian to Coniacian (Early–Late Cretaceous) palynostratigraphy of the Gustav Group, James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 23: 739–760.

[S98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

Ceratitida

Rhabdoceras suessi, copyright Jose Miguel Lorente.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Ceratitida are a lineage of ammonoids known from the Permian and Triassic, characterised by elaboration of the sutures and ornamentation compared to earlier taxa.

<==Ceratitida [Ceratitina]
    `--Clydonitaceae W69
         |--Thisbites [Thisbitidae] W69
         `--+--Hannaoceras [incl. Sympolycylus] W69
            `--Choristoceratidae [Cochloceratidae] W69
                 |--Choristoceras marshi W69, K79
                 `--+--Peripleurites W69
                    `--+--Rhabdoceras suessi Oravecz 1961 W69, W03
                       `--Cochloceras [incl. Paracochloceras] W69

Ceratitida incertae sedis:
  Ceratites de Haan 1825 CDH04
    |--C. compressus M79
    |--C. evolutus M79
    |--C. sturii H84
    `--C. subnodosi K79
  Paraceltidae RR79
    |--Cibolites uddeni RR79, P68
    |--Kingoceras kingi RR79
    `--Paraceltites Gemmellaro 1887 RR79, ZL04
         |--P. altudensis P68
         |--P. elegans Girty 1908 P68
         |--P. multicostatus P68
         |--P. ornatus Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
         `--P. sellardsi Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
  Xenodiscidae RR79
    |--Phisonites RR79
    |--Pseudotirolites asiatica RR79, PE02
    |--Iranites RR79
    |--Shevyrevites RR79
    `--Xenodiscus RR79
         |--X. carbonarius RR79
         `--X. wanneri RR79
  Dzhulfitidae RR79
    |--Dzhulfites RR79
    |--Paratirolites RR79
    `--Abichites RR79
  Araxoceratidae RR79
    |--Araxoceras RR79
    |--Eoaraxoceras ruzhencevi RR79
    `--Prototoceras RR79
  Ophiceras H84
    |--O. commune K79
    `--O. connectens K79
  Otoceras H84
    |--O. boreale K79
    |--O. concavum K79
    `--O. woodwardi K79
  Hungarites H84
  Dinarites mohammedanus H84
  Tirolites H84
  Arpadites H84
  Beneckia H84
  Meekoceras H84
  Kipsteinia H84
  Balatonites shoshonensis H84, K79
  Trachyceras H84
    |--T. aon K79
    |--T. austriacum K79
    |--T. obesum K79
    `--T. saulus (Laube 1869) DV06
  Celtites H84
  Badiotites H84
  Proceltites H84
  *Lecanites glaucus H84
  Carnites floridus (Wulfen 1793) H84, DV06
  Tropites H84
    |--T. dilleri K79
    |--T. subbullatus K79
    `--T. welleri K79
  Acrochordiceras hyatti H84, K79
  Helictites H84

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CDH04] Callomon, J. H., D. T. Donovan & M. K. Howarth. 2004. F. A. Quenstedt’s trinomial nomenclature of Jurassic ammonites. Palaeontology 47 (4): 1063–1073.

[DV06] Dalla Vecchia, F. M. 2006. A new sauropterygian reptile with plesiosaurian affinity from the Late Triassic of Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 112 (2): 207–225.

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

[K79] Kummel, B. 1979. Triassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A351–A389. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M79] Müller, A. H. 1979. Fossilization (taphonomy). In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A2–A78. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[PE02] Pan, H.-Z., & D. H. Erwin. 2002. Gastropods from the Permian of Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces, south China. Journal of Paleontology 76 (Memoir 56): 1–49.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[W03] Wellnhofer, P. 2003. A Late Triassic pterosaur from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Tyrol, Austria). In: Buffetaut, E., & J.-M. Mazin (eds) Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publications 217: 5–22. The Geological Society: London.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.

Phylloceratidae

Phylloceras sp., copyright Hectonichus.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Phylloceratidae are a group of ammonites with mostly smooth or feebly ornamented conchs, and phylloid saddle endings of the suture line (Enseger & Keupp 2002).

<==Phylloceratidae [Phyllocerataceae, Phylloceratida, Phylloceratina, Phylloceratoidea]
    |  i. s.: Sowerbyceras Parona & Bonarelli 1894 EK02
    |         Zetoceras thorsteinssoni Frebold 1961 P87
    |         Epiphylloceras DJ95
    |--Calliphylloceratinae DJ95
    |    |--Holcophylloceras Spath 1927 P87
    |    |--Neocalliphylloceras Besairie 1936 DJ95
    |    |    |--*N. collignoni Besairie 1936 DJ95
    |    |    `--N. sablyense (Karakasch 1907) DJ95
    |    `--Calliphylloceras Spath 1927 P87
    |         |  i. s.: C. disputabile P87
    |         |         C. freibrocki P87
    |         |         C. heterophylloides P87
    |         `--C. (Ptychophylloceras Spath 1927) EK02
    |              `--C. (P.) ptychoideum Spath 1927 EK02
    |--Phyllopachyceras Spath 1925 [Phyllopachyceratinae] DJ95
    |    |--*P. infundibulum (d’Orbigny 1841) (see below for synonymy) DJ95
    |    |--P. baborense (Coquand 1880) [=Ammonites baborensis, Partschiceras baborense, Phylloceras baborense] DJ95
    |    |--P. bontshevi Manolov 1962 DJ95
    |    |--P. bulgaricum Dimitrova 1967 DJ95
    |    |--P. chitinanum Imlay 1960 DJ95
    |    |--P. crassum Drushchic 1956 DJ95
    |    |--P. ectocostatum (Drushchic 1956) DJ95
    |    |--P. eichwaldi DJ95
    |    |    |--P. e. eichwaldi DJ95
    |    |    `--P. e. occidentale (Wiedmann 1964) [=Partschiceras eichwaldi occidentale] DJ95
    |    |--P. katschiense Drushchic 1956 DJ95
    |    |--P. ladinum DJ95
    |    |--P. oregonense (Anderson 1938) (see below for synonymy) DJ95
    |    |--P. rouyanum DJ95
    |    |--P. segre Drushchic 1956 DJ95
    |    `--P. vergonsense Delanoy & Joly 1995 DJ95
    `--Phylloceratinae DJ95
         |--Adabofoloceras Joly 1975 P87
         |--Hyporbulites Breistroffer 1947 DJ95
         |    `--*H. seresitensis (Pervinquière 1907) [=Phylloceras velledae var. seresitensis] DJ95
         `--Phylloceras Suess 1865 DJ95 [incl. Pseudophylloceras EK02]
              |  i. s.: P. billingsi (Meek 1859) [=Ammonites billingsi] EK02
              |         P. kudernatschi EK02
              |         P. kunthi Neumayr 1971 EK02
              |         P. spathi K79
              |         P. subatlas Voronetz 1962 EK02
              |--*P. (Phylloceras) heterophyllum (Sowerby 1820) DJ95 (see below for synonymy)
              |--P. (Hypophylloceras Salfeld 1924) DJ95
              |    |--P. (*H.) ononense Stanton 1895 DJ95
              |    |--P. (H.) moussoni (Ooster 1860) [=Ammonites moussoni] DJ95
              |    |--P. (H.) ponticuli (Rousseau 1842) (see below for synonymy) DJ95
              |    |    |--P. p. ponticuli DJ95
              |    |    `--P. p. plicatum Delanoy & Joly 1995 DJ95
              |    |--‘Hypophylloceras’ subramosum TLY03
              |    |--P. (H.) thetys DJ95
              |    `--P. (H.) velledae (Michelin 1838) KK08
              |--P. (Macrophylloceras) grossicostatum EK02
              |--‘Hypophylloceras’ (Neophylloceras) Spath 1927 EK02
              `--P. (Partschiceras) EK02
                   |--P. (*P.) monestieri P87
                   |--P. (P.) grantzi EK02
                   `--P. (P.) pacificum Frebold & Tipper 1975 EK02

Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) ponticuli (Rousseau 1842) [=Ammonites ponticuli, Calliphylloceras ponticuli, Euphylloceras ponticuli] DJ95

*Phylloceras (Phylloceras) heterophyllum (Sowerby 1820) DJ95 [=Ammonites heterophyllus DJ95; incl. A. heterophyllus amalthei Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus jurensis Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus numismalis Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus ornati Quenstedt 1845 CDH04, A. heterophyllus posidoniae Quenstedt 1845 CDH04]

*Phyllopachyceras infundibulum (d’Orbigny 1841) [=Ammonites infundibulum, Partschiceras infundibulum, Phylloceras infundibulum] DJ95

Phyllopachyceras oregonense (Anderson 1938) [=Phylloceras oregonense; incl. Phyllopachyceras myrtlense, Phyllopachyceras umquanum] DJ95

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CDH04] Callomon, J. H., D. T. Donovan & M. K. Howarth. 2004. F. A. Quenstedt’s trinomial nomenclature of Jurassic ammonites. Palaeontology 47 (4): 1063–1073.

[DJ95] Delanoy, G., & B. Joly. 1995. Sur quelques Phylloceratidae (Phylloceratina, Ammonoidea) de Barrémien supérieur et de l’Aptien inférieur du sud-est de la France. Mésogée 54: 121–138.

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.

[P87] Poulton, T. P. 1987. Zonation and correlation of Middle Boreal Bathonian to Lower Callovian (Jurassic) ammonites, Salmon Cache Canyon, Porcupine River, northern Yukon. Geological Survey of Canada—Bulletin 358: 1–155.

[TLY03] Tanabe, K., N. H. Landman & Y. Yoshioka. 2003. Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 876–887.

Lytoceratida

Crioceratites duvalii, copyright Hectonichus.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Lytoceratida are a lineage of ammonites known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

Characters (from Enseger & Keupp 2002): Conch thin-walled, usually weakly sculptured. Suture line with primary sutural formula ELU2U1I; suture elements microphyll (strongly slit). Siphuncle usually reaching marginal position after one whorl; septal necks becoming prochoanitic at very early ontogenetic stage.

<==Lytoceratida [Lytoceratina]
    |--Lytoceras CDH04 [Lytoceratidae EK02]
    |    |--L. argonautarum Anderson 1902 [=L. (Argonauticeras) argonautarum] MR77
    |    |--L. cornucopiae (Young & Bird 1822) EK02
    |    |--L. jurensis CDH04
    |    `--‘Ammonites’ lineatus [incl. A. lineatus var. opalina] CDH04
    |--Tetragonitoidea [Tetragonitaceae] EK02
    |    |--Tetragonitidae EK02
    |    |    |--Protetragonites Hyatt 1900 EK02
    |    |    `--Tetragonites Kossmat 1895 EK02
    |    |         `--T. popetensis TLY03
    |    `--Gaudryceratidae [Gaudryceratinae] EK02
    |         |--Zelandites Marshall 1926 EK02
    |         |--Anagaudryceras TLY03
    |         |    |--A. buddha RC02
    |         |    |--A. gainesi K79
    |         |    `--A. sacya (Forbes 1846) KK08
    |         `--Gaudryceras Grossouvre 1894 EK02
    |              |--G. denseplicatum TLY03
    |              |--G. jukesii K79
    |              |--G. tenuiliratum Yabe 1903 KK02
    |              `--G. varicostata M08
    `--Crioceratitidae [Crioceratitinae] EK02
         |--Aegocrioceras Spath 1924 EK02
         |    |--A. capricornu K79
         |    `--A. compressum Rawson 1975 EK02
         `--Crioceratites Levaille 1837 (Crioceratites) EK02
              |  i. s.: C. lardii K79
              |         C. latum K79
              |--C. (C.) duvalii W69
              `--+--C. (C.) nolani (Kilian 1910) W69, EK02
                 |--+--C. (C.) emericii W69
                 |  `--C. (Sornayites) paronai W69
                 `--+--C. (C.) majoricensis W69
                    `--C. (Pseudothurmannia) W69
                         |--+--C. (P.) balearis W69
                         |  `--C. (P.) ibizensis W69
                         `--+--C. (P.) angulicostatus W69 [=Pseudothurmannia angulicostata K79]
                            `--Hemihoplites W69
                                 |--H. astarte W69
                                 `--H. feraudianus W69

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CDH04] Callomon, J. H., D. T. Donovan & M. K. Howarth. 2004. F. A. Quenstedt’s trinomial nomenclature of Jurassic ammonites. Palaeontology 47 (4): 1063–1073.

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.

[KK02] Klug, C., & D. Korn. 2002. Occluded umbilicus in the Pinacitinae (Devonian) and its palaeoecological implications. Palaeontology 45 (5): 917–931.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.

[MR77] Murphy, M. A., & P. U. Rodda. 1977. The type specimens of Ammonites hoffmanni Gabb and Melchiorites indigenes Anderson (Cretaceous: Ammonoidea). Veliger 20 (2): 78–81.

[RC02] Riding, J. B., & J. A. Crame. 2002. Aptian to Coniacian (Early–Late Cretaceous) palynostratigraphy of the Gustav Group, James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 23: 739–760.

[TLY03] Tanabe, K., N. H. Landman & Y. Yoshioka. 2003. Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 876–887.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.

Baculitidae

Cast of Baculites grandis, copyright Ninjatacoshell.

Belongs within: Aptychophora.

The Baculitidae are a Cretaceous group of ammonites whose conchs have an initial coiled section followed by a more or less straight juvenile and adult section (Enseger & Keupp 2002).

<==Baculitidae
    |--Eubaculites Spath 1926 KM08
    |    `--E. carinatus (Morton 1834) KM08 (see below for synonymy)
    |--Sciponoceras K79
    |    |--S. bohemicum K79
    |    |--S. gracile K79
    |    `--S. kossmati K79
    `--Baculites Lamarck 1799 EK02 [incl. Rugaptychus Sp98]
         |--B. anceps K79
         |--B. aquilasensis K79
         |--B. asper K79
         |--B. asperiformis K79
         |--B. baculus K79
         |--B. boulei K79
         |--B. capensis K79
         |--B. chicoense K79
         |--B. claviformis Stephenson 1941 OZ89
         |--B. clinolobatus K79
         |--B. columna K79
         |--B. compressus K79
         |--B. crickmayi K79
         |--B. cuneatus K79
         |--B. eliasi K79
         |--B. gilberti K79
         |--B. grandis K79
         |--B. gregoryensis K79
         |--B. inornatus K79
         |--B. jenseni K79
         |--B. kirki K79
         |--B. lomaensis K79
         |--B. maclearni K79
         |--B. obtusus K79
         |--B. occidentalis K79
         |--B. ovatus W77
         |--B. perplexus K79
         |--B. pseudovatus K79
         |--B. rectus St98
         |--B. reesidei K79
         |--‘*Rugaptychus’ rugosus (Sharpe 1857) Sp98
         |--B. rex K79
         |--B. schenki K79
         |--B. scotti K79
         |--B. sulcatus M08
         |--B. undatus K79
         |--B. vertebralis K79
         `--B. yokoyamai K79

Nomen nudum: Baculites sheringomensis Crick 1924 KM08

Eubaculites carinatus (Morton 1834) KM08 [incl. Baculites vagina var. ootacodensis KM08, E. ootacodensis K79, B. vagina var. simplex KM08]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KM08] Klinger, H. C., & N. Malchus. 2008. The first record of Agerostrea ungulata (von Schlotheim, 1813) (Bivalvia: Ostreoidea) from the Upper Maastrichtian of KwaZulu, South Africa, with a discussion of its distribution in southeast Africa and Madagascar. African Natural History 4: 11–16.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.

[OZ89] Olivero, E. B., & W. J. Zinsmeister. 1989. Large heteromorph ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Journal of Paleontology 63 (5): 626–636.

[Sp98] Spaeth, C. 1998. Cretaceous cephalopods. Lethaia 31: 28.

[St98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

Cadoceratinae

Cadoceras sublaeve, from here.

Belongs within: Stephanocerataceae.

The Cadoceratinae are a group of ammonites known from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic), members of which have a funnel-shaped, more or less open umbilicus and a relatively broad cross-section (Poulton 1987).

<==Cadoceratinae
    |--Stenocadoceras Imlay 1953 P87
    |--Eocephalites H79
    |--Pseudocadoceras Buckman 1918 [=Novocadoceras Sasonov 1965] P87
    |    `--*P. boreale P87
    |--Paracadoceras Crickmay 1930 P87
    |    `--P. harveyi P87
    |--Cranocephalites H79
    |    |--C. borealis P87
    |    |--C. costidensus P87
    |    |--C. pompeckji P87
    |    `--C. vulgaris P87
    `--Cadoceras Fischer 1882 (see below for synonymy) P87
         |--*C. sublaeve P87
         |--C. anabarense P87
         |--C. apertum P87
         |--C. arcticum Frebold 1964 P87
         |--C. barnstoni (Meek 1859) (see below for synonymy) P87
         |--C. bodylevskyi Frebold 1964 P87
         |--C. calyx P87
         |--C. catostoma P87
         |--C. declinatum P87
         |--C. densicostatum P87
         |--C. elatmae (Nikitin 1881) P87
         |--C. emilianzevi P87
         |--C. excelsus P87
         |--C. falsum Voronetz 1962 [=C. (*Bryocadoceras) falsum] P87
         |--C. glabrum P87
         |--C. lenaense P87
         |--C. nordenskjoldi P87
         |--C. perraraum Voronetz 1962 P87
         |--C. septentrionale Frebold 1964 [incl. C. s. var. latidorsata] P87
         |--C. simulans P87
         |--C. subcatostoma P87
         |--C. subtenuicostatum Voronetz 1962 [=C. (*Streptocadoceras) subtenuicostatum] P87
         |--C. tschernyschevi P87
         |--C. variabile Spath 1932 P87
         `--C. voronetsae Frebold 1964 P87

Cadoceras Fischer 1882 [incl. Bryocadoceras Meledina 1977, Catacadoceras Bodylevsky 1960, Streptocadoceras Meledina 1977] P87

Cadoceras barnstoni (Meek 1859) [=Ammonites barnstoni; incl. C. barnstoni var. arcuata, C. (*Catacadoceras) laptievi Bodylevsky 1960, C. subcalyx Voronetz 1962, C. subcatostoma Voronetz 1962, C. ventroplanum Voronetz 1962] P87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H79] Hölder, H. 1979. Jurassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A390–A417. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[P87] Poulton, T. P. 1987. Zonation and correlation of Middle Boreal Bathonian to Lower Callovian (Jurassic) ammonites, Salmon Cache Canyon, Porcupine River, northern Yukon. Geological Survey of Canada—Bulletin 358: 1–155.

Aspidoceratinae

Physodoceras sp., from here.

Belongs within: Perisphinctaceae.

The Aspidoceratinae are a group of ammonites known from the Middle and Upper Jurassic, members of which possess laevaptychi (aptychi that are smooth on the exterior surface except for some very weak pustules, and bearing concentric growth lines on the interior surface) (Enseger & Keupp 2002).

<==Aspidoceratinae EK02
    |--Euaspidoceras Spath 1931 EK02
    |--Orthaspidoceras Spath 1925 EK02
    |--Pseudhimalayites Spath 1925 EK02
    |--Schaireria Checa 1985 EK02
    |--Aspidoceras Zittel 1868 EK02
    |    `--A. acanthicum H79
    |--Physodoceras Hyatt 1900 EK02
    |    `--P. avellanum H79
    `--Sutneria Zittel 1884 EK02
         `--S. subeumela H79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[H79] Hölder, H. 1979. Jurassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A390–A417. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Leptoceras

Cheloniceras sp., from here.

Belongs within: Aptychophora.
Contains: Scaphitoidea.

Leptoceras is a genus of small, loosely coiled ammonites known from the Lower Cretaceous ((Upper Berriasian to Valanginian) (Wright et al. 1996). Wiedmann (1969) depicted this genus as ancestral to a number of later ammonite lineages, including both heteromorphic and regular forms.

<==Leptoceras
    |--L. studeri W69
    `--+--L. pumilum W69
       |--+--Paraspiticeras W69
       |  |--Trochleiceras W69
       |  |--Acanthohoplites reesidei W69, K79
       |  `--+--+--Astiericeras W69
       |     |  `--Douvilleiceras W69
       |     |       |--D. clementianum (d’Orbigny 1841) KK08a
       |     |       |--D. inaequinodum (Quenstedt 1849) KK08a
       |     |       |--D. mammillatum (von Schlotheim 1813) KK08a
       |     |       |--D. orbignyi Hyatt 1903 KK08a
       |     |       `--D. scabrosum Casey 1962 KK08a
       |     `--Cheloniceras W69
       |          |  i. s.: C. martinoides K79
       |          |         C. subcornuerianum K79
       |          |         C. subnodocostatum K79
       |          |         C. tschernyschewi K79
       |          |--C. (Cheloniceras) K79
       |          |    |--C. (C.) meyendorfi K79
       |          |    `--C. (C.) parinodum K79
       |          `--C. (Epicheloniceras) K79
       |               |--C. (E.) buxtorfi K79
       |               |--C. (E.) debile K79
       |               `--C. (E.) gracile K79
       `--+--Scaphitoidea W69
          `--Turrilitaceae [Turriculacea] W69
               |--Diplomoceratidae EK02
               |    |--Scalarites Wright & Matsumoto 1954 EK02
               |    `--Diplomoceras Hyatt 1900 OZ89
               |         |--*D. cylindraceum (Defrance 1806) [=Baculites cylindraceae] OZ89
               |         |--D. australe OZ89
               |         |--‘Hamites’ elatior (n. d.) OZ89
               |         |--D. lambi Spath 1953 OZ89
               |         |--D. maximum Olivero & Zinsmeister 1989 OZ89
               |         |--D. notabile OZ89
               |         `--D. (Glyptoxoceras) subcompressum W69
               `--Turrilitidae EK02
                    |  i. s.: Turrilites Lamarck 1801 BR05
                    |           |--T. acutus K79
                    |           `--T. costatus KK08b
                    |         Pseudhelicoceras convolutum W69
                    |         Helicoceras d’Orbigny 1842 W77
                    |           |--H. mortoni W77
                    |           `--H. pariense White 1877 W77
                    |--Algerites W69
                    |--+--Hyphantoceras reussianum W69, K79
                    |  `--Neocrioceras W69
                    `--+--Proturrilitoides W69
                       `--+--Bostrychoceras polyplocum W69, K79
                          |--Cirroceras W69
                          |--Jouaniceras W69
                          |--Anaklinoceras W69
                          `--Axonoceras W69
                               |--A. compressum K79
                               |--A. multicostatum K79
                               `--A. pingue K79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08a] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008a. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Lyelliceratinae Spath, 1921. African Natural History 4: 57–111.

[KK08b] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008b. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Forbesiceratidae Wright, 1952. African Natural History 4: 117–130.

[OZ89] Olivero, E. B., & W. J. Zinsmeister. 1989. Large heteromorph ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Journal of Paleontology 63 (5): 626–636.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.

Calycoceras

Calycoceras spinosum, from here.

Belongs within: Acanthoceratoidea.

Calycoceras is a genus of evolute ammonites with depressed whorls known from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) (Wright et al. 1996).

Characters (from Wright et al. 1996): Rather evolute, with whorl section depressed and subcircular, oval, polygonal, or subquadrate; ribs strong, generally straight, continuous over rounded or flat but not concave venter; on early whorls at least umbilical, ventrolateral, siphonal, and, in most specimens, midlateral tubercles; in multituberculate forms umbilical tubercle more prominent than midlateral; tubercles may disappear with age and may or may not be rejuvenated on last part of shell. Marked dimorphism in size apparently general.

<==Calycoceras
    |--C. andranovaritelense K79
    |--C. asiaticum K79
    |--C. boulei K79
    |--C. canitaurinum K79
    |--C. hourcqi K79
    |--C. jeanneti K79
    |--C. latelobatum K79
    |--C. leonense K79
    |--C. (Calycoceras) naviculare (Mantell 1822) [=Acanthoceras naviculare] KK08
    |--C. newboldi K79
    |--C. orientale K79
    |--C. spinosum K79
    |--C. stoliczkai K79
    `--C. tarrantense K79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[KK08] Kennedy, W. J., & H. C. Klinger. 2008. Hypermorphosis in Salaziceras, a Cretaceous ammonite, from Madagascar. African Natural History 4: 113–116.

Wright, C. W., J. H. Callomon & M. K. Howarth. 1996. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt L. Mollusca 4, Revised vol. 4. Cretaceous Ammonoidea. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).