Knobbed triton Charonia lampas, copyright Philippe Guillaume.
Belongs within: Latrogastropoda.
Contains: Mataxidae,
Personidae,
Cymatiinae,
Bursidae,
Ranellidae,
Tonnidae,
Cassidae,
Ficus.
The Tonnoidea are a group of often large marine gastropods with particularly large larval shells, reaching diameters up to 5.4 mm, and a well-developed periostracum that extends past the apertural opening during the larval stage (Bandel & Dockery 2012). Members of the Tonnoidea are predators, often feeding on echinoderms. They include the Ficidae, fig shells, a small family of tropical shallow-water or abyssal marine gastropods that take their name from the roughly fig-shaped appearance of their shells.
Charonia, the tritons, have fusiform shells that can reach giant sizes with the giant triton
C. tritonis growing over half a metre in length.
<==Tonnoidea [Canalifera, Cassidida, Cassina, Cassoidea, Doliacea, Tonnacea] BD12
|--Charonia Gistel 1847 S11, BR05 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*C. tritonis (Linnaeus 1758) P61, BW09 (see below for synonymy)
| |--C. capax Finlay 1926 WG71 [incl. C. capax euclioides Finlay 1927 F27, P61, F27]
| |--‘Tritonium’ carinatum [incl. T. angulosum] C64
| |--‘Triton’ davidsoni d’Archiac & Haime 1854 [=Cancellaria davidsoni] PH90
| |--C. euclia Hedley 1914 WG71
| |--‘Triton’ lacunatum Mighels 1845 J49
| |--C. laevigata (Lamarck 1816) S11
| |--C. lampas (Linnaeus 1758) WG71
| |--‘Tritonium’ moerchianum C64
| |--C. opis C60
| |--C. powelli Cotton 1956 WG71
| |--‘Triton’ pseudospengleri [incl. T. minimus] H86b
| |--‘Tritonium’ rombergi C64
| |--C. rubicunda (Perry 1811) WG71 [=Septa rubicunda F27, Cymatium rubicundum H09]
| |--‘Tritonium’ rutilum C64
| |--C. sauliae Reeve 1844 WG71
| |--‘Triton’ spengleri H86a
| `--C. woodsi (Tenison-Woods 1879) C60, F71 [=Triton woodsii F71, Austrotriton woodsi C60]
`--+--+--+--Eosassiidae [Eosassinidae] BD12
| | | |--Eosassia Bandel & Dockery 2012 BD12
| | | | `--*E. gwinae (Dockery 1993) [=Gyrineum gwinae] BD12
| | | `--Sassia Bellardi 1837 S11, BD12
| | | |--*S. apenninica (Sassi 1827) BD12
| | | |--S. centrosum (Conrad 1863) P12
| | | |--S. kamphyla (Watson 1883) S11
| | | `--S. parkinsonia HS01
| | `--Fusitriton Cossmann 1903 S11, WG71
| | |--*F. cancellatum [=Triton cancellatum] P61
| | |--F. laudandus Finlay 1927 P61
| | |--F. magellanicus (Röding 1798) S11
| | |--F. oregonensis (Redfield 1848) O27 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--F. retiolus (Hidley 1914) S11 [=Priene retiolum F27]
| `--+--+--Personidae ZLK11
| | `--Thalassocyon Barnard 1960 S11, BD12 [Thalassocynidae, Thalassocyonidae]
| | `--*T. bonus Barnard 1960 BD12
| `--Cymatiidae BR17
| |--Cymatiinae S11
| `--Argobuccininae BR17
| |--Argobuccinum Herrmannsen 1846 BR05 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--*A. argus (Gmelin 1791) P61, F27 [=Murex argus P61]
| | |--A. cancellatum [=Priene cancellata, Tritonium (Buccinum) cancellatum] C64
| | |--‘Priene’ nodosa C64
| | |--A. pustulosum HS01
| | |--A. succinctum (Linnaeus 1771) H09 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--A. tumidum (Dunker 1862) [=A. pustulosum tumidum HS01]
| | `--A. vexillum Sowerby 1835 WG71 [=Ranella vexillum O27]
| `--Gyrineum Link 1807 BR17, BR05 [Gyrineinae]
| |--*G. gyrinum (Linnaeus 1758) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
| |--G. affine (Broderip 1833) [=Ranella affinis] H09
| |--G. lacunatum (Mighels 1845) MG-H11
| |--G. longicaudatum Beu 1998 BC01
| |--G. pulchellum (Forbes 1852) [=Ranella pulchella] H09
| |--G. ranelloides (Reeve 1844) [=Triton ranelloides] H09
| `--G. rubicola (Perry 1811) [=Biplex rubicola] H09
`--+--+--Bursidae ZLK11
| `--Ranellidae ZLK11
`--+--+--Tonnidae ZLK11
| `--Cassidae S11
`--Ficidae [Ficoidea] TTE93
|--Ficus ZLK11
|--Protopirula capensis (Rennie 1931) TTE93
`--Priscoficus TTE93
|--P. bicarinatus (Briart & Cornet 1870) TTE93
`--P. obtusus (Marshall 1917) TTE93
Tonnoidea incertae sedis:
Colombellinidae [Columbellinidae] BD12
|--Alariopsis clathrata Gemmellaro 1878 TTE93
|--Zittelia Gemmellaro 1869 BD12, BR17 [Zitteliidae]
| `--*Z. cypraeaeformis Gemmellaro 1869 BR17
|--Colombellina d’Orbigny 1843 [=Columbellina Geinitz 1846] BR17
| `--*C. monodactylus (Leymerie 1842) [=Rostellaria monodactylus] BR17
|--Columbellaria Rolle 1861 [Columbellariidae] BD12
| |--*C. corallina (Quenstedt 1852) [=Cassis corallina] BR17
| `--C. bathonica Cossmann 1913 TTE93
`--Neocolombellina Bandel & Dockery 2012 BD12
|--*N. cancellata (Dockery 1993) BD12
|--N. americana (Wade 1926) [=Colombellina americana] BD12
`--N. carlea (Dockery 1993) [=Gyrineum carleum] BD12
Mataxidae BD12
Laubierinidae [Laubierinioidea, Laubierinoidea] BR17
|--Akibumia orientalis (Schepman 1909) MG-H11
|--Laubierina Warén & Bouchet 1990 BR05
| `--*L. peregrinator Warén & Bouchet 1990 BR17
`--Pisanianura Rovereto 1899 BR17, BR05 [Pisanianuridae, Pisanianurinae]
`--*P. inflata (Brocchi 1814) [=Murex inflatus] BR17
Argobuccinum Herrmannsen 1846 BR05 [incl. Paralagena Dall 1904 H08, Priene Adams & Adams 1858 F27; Argobuccininae]
Argobuccinum succinctum (Linnaeus 1771) H09 [=Murex succinctus H09, A. (*Paralagena) succinctum H08; incl. M. clandestinus Chemnitz 1795 H08]
Charonia Gistel 1847 S11, BR05 [=Triton Montfort 1810 nec Linnaeus 1758 nec Laurenti 1768 BR05, Tritonium Röding 1798 non Müller 1776 BR05; Charoniacea, Charoniidae BR17, Charoniinae, Tritoniacea, Tritonidae, Tritoninae]
*Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus 1758) P61, BW09 [=Murex tritonis BR05, Nyctilochus tritonis BR05, Septa tritonis H09, *Triton tritonis BR17, *Tritonium tritonis BR17]
Fusitriton oregonensis (Redfield 1848) O27 [=Triton oregonensis O27, Argobuccinum (Fusitriton) oregonense O27, Priene oregonensis C64, Tritonium oregonense C64]
*Gyrineum gyrinum (Linnaeus 1758) BR17 [=Murex gyrinus BR17, Bursa gyrina H09, Ranella gyrina BR05]
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
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Last updated: 7 June 2021.
