Aquilinae

Javan hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi, copyright Eko Prastyo.

Belongs within: Accipitridae.
Contains: Aquila.

The Aquilinae, booted eagles, are a cosmopolitan group of large eagles characterised by feathered tarsi (Lerner & Mindell 2005).

<==Aquilinae LM05
    |--+--Stephanoaetus coronatus JT12
    |  `--Nisaetus JT12
    |       |  i. s.: N. floris JT12
    |       |--+--N. lanceolatus JT12 [=Spizaetus lanceolatus LM05]
    |       |  `--+--N. cirrhatus JT12 [=Spizaetus cirrhatus LM05]
    |       |     |    |--N. c. cirrhatus LM05
    |       |     |    `--'Spizaetus’ c. lineatus LM05
    |       |     `--N. philippensis JT12
    |       `--+--N. nanus JT12 [=Spizaetus nanus LM05]
    |          `--+--N. nipalensis JT12 [=Spizaetus nipalensis LM05]
    |             |    |--N. n. nipalensis I92
    |             |    `--'Spizaetus’ n. orientalis Temminck & Schlegel 1844 I92
    |             `--+--N. alboniger JT12
    |                `--N. bartelsi JT12
    `--+--+--‘Spizaetus’ tyrannus JT12
       |  `--+--Spizastur melanoleucus LM05 [=Spizaetus melanoleucus JT12]
       |     `--+--Oroaetus isidori LM05 [=Spizaetus isidori JT12]
       |        `--Spizaetus Vieillot 1816 JT12, B94 [Spizaetinae]
       |             |--S. bellicosus FP64
       |             |--S. coronatus WH02
       |             |--S. grinnelli WH02
       |             `--S. ornatus JT12
       `--+--Lophotriorchis kienerii JT12 [=Hieraaetus kienerii LM05]
          `--+--Polemaetus Heine 1890 JT12, M02
             |    `--P. bellicosus JT12
             `--+--+--Lophaetus occipitalis JT12
                |  `--+--Ictinaetus malayensis JT12
                |     `--+--‘Aquila’ hastata JT12 [=A. pomarina hastata LM05]
                |        `--+--‘Aquila’ clanga JT12
                |           `--‘Aquila’ pomarina JT12
                `--+--Aquila JT12
                   `--Hieraaetus Kaup 1844 JT12, CC10 [incl. Harpagornis Haast 1872 CC10]
                        |  i. s.: H. edwardsi (Sharpe 1899) (see below for synonymy) M02
                        |--H. wahlbergi LM05 [=Aquila wahlbergi JT12, Spizaetus wahlbergi LM05]
                        `--+--H. ayresii JT12
                           `--+--H. morphnoides (Gould 1840) LM05, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                              `--+--*H. pennatus (Gmelin 1788) CC10, JT12, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                                 |--H. moorei (Haast 1872) CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                                 `--H. weiskei JT12 [=H. morphnoides weiskei LM05]

Hieraaetus edwardsi (Sharpe 1899) [=Eutolmaetus edwardsi, Aquila edwardsi, Nisaetus edwardsi, Aquila minuta Milne-Edwards 1871 non Brehm 1831] M02

Hieraaetus moorei (Haast 1872) CC10 [=*Harpagornis moorei CC10, BKB15, Aquila moorei CC10; incl. Ha. assimilis Haast 1874 CC10]

Hieraaetus morphnoides (Gould 1840) LM05, WS48 [=Aquila morphnoides WS48; incl. A. morphnoides coongani Mathews 1912 WS48]

*Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) CC10, JT12, CC10 [=Falco pennatus CC10, Aquila pennata CC10; incl. A. minuta Brehm 1831 M02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[LM05] Lerner, H. R. L., & D. P. Mindell. 2005. Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 327–346.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

[WH02] Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

Haliaeetus

Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus, copyright Andy Morffew.

Belongs within: Accipitridae.

Haliaeetus, the sea eagles, is a genus of large eagles found in the Old World and North America that feed predominantly on fish; species commonly have white heads, white tails and/or yellow beaks and feet.

<==Haliaeetus Savigny 1809 [=Haliaetus Vieillot 1818; incl. Blagrus Blyth 1846; Haliaeetinae] CC10
    |  i. s.: H. piscator Milne-Edwards 1871 [=Haliaetus (l. c.) piscator] M02
    |--+--H. leucoryphus LM05
    |  |--H. pelagicus (Pallas 1811) LM05, I92
    |  `--+--H. albicilla (Linnaeus 1758) LM05, M02 (see below for synonymy)
    |     |    |--H. a. albicilla USDI77
    |     |    `--H. a. greenlandicus USDI77
    |     `--H. leucocephalus LM05 [incl. Ichthyophaga australis Harrison & Walker 1973 WH02, H. australis CC10]
    `--+--+--H. leucogaster (Gmelin 1788) LM05, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
       |  `--H. sanfordi LM05
       `--+--+--H. vocifer LM05
          |  `--H. vociferoides LM05
          `--Ichthyophaga LM05
               |--I. humilis LM05
               `--I. ichthyaetus LM05

Inorganic: Haliaeetus pelagicus minilorientalus Okamura 1987 O87

Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus 1758) LM05, M02 [=Falco albicilla M02; incl. Haliaetus angustipes Jánossy 1983 M02, Haliaeetus brevipes (l. c.) M02, *Haliaeetus nisus CC10]

Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin 1788) LM05, CC10 [=Falco leucogaster CC10, Haliaetus leucogaster CC10, Ichthyaetus leucogaster CC10; incl. *Blagrus dimidiatus CC10, Haliaeetus leucogaster pallidus Mathews 1912 CC10, Haliaeetus sphenurus Gould 1838 CC10]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[LM05] Lerner, H. R. L., & D. P. Mindell. 2005. Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 327–346.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[O87] Okamura, C. 1987. New facts: Homo and all Vertebrata were born simultaneously in the former Paleozoic in Japan. Original Report of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory 15: 347–573.

[USDI77] USDI (United States Department of the Interior). 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.

[WH02] Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

Circus

Western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus, photographed by Dino Quinzani.

Belongs within: Accipiter.

Circus, the harriers, is a cosmopolitan genus of relatively long-legged hawks with long square tails, slightly rounded wings, and distinct facial discs. They are mostly found in open country and are named for their habit of flying back and forth (harrying) in search of prey (Austin 1961). Members of the genus are often a streaked brown above in coloration; some, such as the hen harrier C. cyaneus and cinereous harrier C. cinereus are sexually dimorphic with the males being grey rather than brown dorsally.

<==Circus Lacépède 1799 (see below for synonymy) CC10
    |--C. buffoni BKB15
    `--+--+--*C. aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, BKB15, CC10 [=Falco aeruginosus CC10]
       |  `--C. ranivorus JT12
       `--+--C. macrourus BKB15
          `--+--C. cinereus BKB15
             `--C. cyaneus JT12

Circus incertae sedis:
  C. approximans Peale 1848 (see below for synonymy) CC10
    |--C. a. approximans S13
    `--C. ‘gouldi’ wolfi Gurney 1865 S13
  C. assimilis Jardine & Selby 1828 [incl. C. jardinii, *Spilocircus jardinii] CC10
    |--C. a. assimilis WS48
    `--C. a. rogersi Mathews 1912 [incl. C. approximans inexpectatus Mathews 1912] WS48
  C. dossenus WH02
  C. hudsonius S18
  C. macrosceles JT12
  C. macropterus [=*Spizacircus macropterus] CC10
  C. maillardi JT12
  C. maurus JT12
  C. melanoleucus (Forst. 1781) [=Falco melanoleucus] M01
  C. pygargus (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, L58 (see below for synonymy)
  C. spilonotus Kaup 1847 JT12, I92 [=C. aeruginosus spilonotus I92]
  C. teauteensis Forbes 1892 CC10 (see below for synonymy)

Circus Lacépède 1799 [incl. Glaucopteryx Kaup 1844, Pterocircus Kaup 1850, Pygargus Koch 1816, Spilocircus Kaup 1847, Spizacircus Kaup 1845, Strigiceps Bonaparte 1838; Circinae] CC10

Circus approximans Peale 1848 [=Accipiter approximans; incl. Falco aurioculus Ellman 1861, Circus approximans drummondi Mathews & Iredale 1913, C. gouldi Bonaparte 1850, C. approximans gouldi] CC10

Circus pygargus (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, L58 [=Falco pygargus CC10, *Pygargus pygargus CC10, *Strigiceps pygargus CC10; incl. Falco cineraceus CC10, *Glaucopteryx cineraceus CC10, *Pterocircus cineraceus CC10]

Circus teauteensis Forbes 1892 CC10 [incl. C. eylesi Scarlett 1953 CC10, Accipiter eylesi N10, C. hamiltoni Forbes 1892 CC10]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M01] Madarász, J. 1901. Madarak [Vögel]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 21–39. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[N10] Naish, D. 2010. Tetrapod Zoology: Book One. CFZ Press: Bideford (UK).

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[S18] Stone, W. 1918. Birds of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to a collection made by Mr. Lindsey L. Jewel. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 70: 239–280.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

[WH02] Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

Last updated: 5 August 2019.

Milvinae

Red kite Milvus milvus, photographed by Juan.

Belongs within: Accipitridae.

The Milvinae are a cosmopolitan group of medium-sized kites. Milvines are predators of small animals, including insects and molluscs; many species are also scavengers. The tail is forked distally in members of the genus Milvus but rounded in species of Haliastur.

<==Milvinae
    |--Haliastur LM05
    |    |--H. indus (Boddaert 1783) [=Falco indus] WS48
    |    |    |--H. i. indus WS48
    |    |    |--H. i. girrenera (Vieillot 1822) (see below for synonymy) WS48
    |    |    `--H. i. intermedius J06
    |    |--H. leucosternus N87
    |    `--H. sphenurus (Vieillot 1818) [=Milvus sphenurus] WS48
    `--Milvus Lacépède 1799 CC10
         |--*M. milvus (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, M02 [=Falco milvus CC10; incl. Corvus crassipennis Giebel 1847 M02]
         |    |--M. m. milvus D56
         |    `--M. m. aegyptiacus D56
         |--M. brachypterus Jánossy 1977 M02
         |--M. deperditus Milne-Edwards 1871 M02
         |--M. govinda B66
         |--M. incertus Gaillard 1939 [=Promilio incertus] M02
         |--M. melanotis S89
         |--M. migrans (Boddaert 1783) CC10 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--M. m. migrans LM05
         |    |--M. m. lineatus VP89
         |    `--M. m. parasitus LM05
         `--M. regalis D66

Haliastur indus girrenera (Vieillot 1822) [=Haliaeetus girrenera; incl. Haliastur indus subleucosternus Mathews 1912] WS48

Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) CC10 [=Falco migrans CC10; incl. M. affinis Gould 1838 CC10, M. migrans affinis WS48, M. aterrimus Mathews 1912 CC10, M. korschun napieri Mathews 1912 CC10]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B66] Bulger, G. E. 1866. List of birds observed at Wellington, Neilgherry Hills, about 6000 feet above the level of the sea, during the months of April and May, 1866. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 568–571.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms. University Press: Cambridge.

[Do66] Dohrn, H. 1866. Synopsis of the birds of Ilha do Principe, with some remarks on their habits and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 324–332.

[D66] Dresser, H. E. 1866. Notes on the breeding of the booted eagle (Aquila pennata). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 377–380.

[J06] Johnstone, R. E. 2006. The birds of Gag Island, Western Papuan islands, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 115–132.

[LM05] Lerner, H. R. L., & D. P. Mindell. 2005. Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 327–346.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[N87] North, A. J. 1887. List of references to authentic descriptions of Australian birds' eggs. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1163–1174.

[S89] Salvadori, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea nella Birmania e nelle regioni vicine. XIX.—Uccelli raccolti nei Monti Carin a nord-est di Tounghoo, nel Pegù presso Rangoon e Tounghoo e nel Tenasserim presso Malewoon. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 369–438.

[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5^th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 5 August 2019.

Aquila

Golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos, photographed by Matti Rekilä.

Belongs within: Aquilinae.

Aquila is a genus of large eagles found in Eurasia, Africa, North America and Australia. Circumscription of the genus has varied between authors and it may be expanded to include members of the related genus Hieraaetus.

<==Aquila Brisson 1760 CC10
    |  i. s.: A. bonellii C77
    |         A. corroyi Gaillard 1939 [=Aquilavus corroyi] M02
    |         A. delphinensis Gaillard 1939 M02
    |         A. fossilis Giebel 1847 M02
    |         A. hypogaea Milne-Edwards 1892 [=Aquilavus hypogaea, Aquilavus hypogaeus] M02
    |         A. occipitalis FP64
    |         A. pennatoides Gaillard 1939 M02
    |         A. prisca Milne-Edwards 1863 [=Aquilavus priscus, Eutolmaetus priscus, Nisaetus priscus] M02
    |--+--A. nipalensis JT12 [=A. rapax nipalensis VP89; incl. A. bifasciata S89]
    |  `--+--+--A. adalberti JT12 [=A. heliaca adalberti USDI77]
    |     |  `--A. heliaca JT12
    |     `--A. rapax (Temminck 1828) LM05, M02 [=Falco rapax M02]
    |          |--A. r. rapax S05
    |          `--A. r. belisarius (Levaillant 1850) [incl. Falco (Aquila) albicans Rüppell 1835] S05
    `--+--*A. chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, JT12, M02 (see below for synonymy)
       |    |--A. c. chrysaetos I92
       |    `--A. c. japonica Severtzov 1888 I92
       `--+--A. africana BKB15 [=Hieraaetus africanus LM05, Spizaetus africanus LM05]
          `--+--+--A. audax JT12
             |  |    |--A. a. audax M03
             |  |    `--A. a. fleayi M03
             |  `--A. gurneyi JT12
             `--+--A. verreauxii JT12
                `--+--A. fasciata Vieillot 1822 JT12, M02 [=Hieraaetus fasciatus M02]
                   `--A. spilogaster BKB15 [=Hieraaetus fasciatus spilogaster LM05]

*Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, JT12, M02 [=Falco chrysaetos CC10; incl. A. chrysaetos bonifacti Mourer-Chauviré 1975 M02, A. chrysaetos simurgh Weesie 1988 M02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[C77] Cope, E. D. 1877. Report upon the extinct Vertebrata obtained in New Mexico by parties of the expedition of 1874. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (2): i–iv, 1–370.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[LM05] Lerner, H. R. L., & D. P. Mindell. 2005. Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 327–346.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[S89] Salvadori, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea nella Birmania e nelle regioni vicine. XIX.—Uccelli raccolti nei Monti Carin a nord-est di Tounghoo, nel Pegù presso Rangoon e Tounghoo e nel Tenasserim presso Malewoon. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 369–438.

[S05] Steinheimer, F. D. 2005. Eduard Rüppel’s avian types at the Natural History Museum, Tring (Aves). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 233–264.

[USDI77] USDI (United States Department of the Interior). 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.

[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5^th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.

Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

Last updated: 5 August 2019.

Accipiter

Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis, photographed by Elaine R. Wilson.

Belongs within: Accipitridae.
Contains: Circus.

Accipiter is a cosmopolitan genus containing the goshawks and related predators of small birds and mammals. Accipiter species have long shanks, long tails and round, broad wings, and are fast, agile fliers. Molecular data support a close relationship between Accipiter and the harriers of the genus Circus; indeed, the phylogenetic analysis by Jetz et al. (2012) suggests that the latter may even be nested within Accipiter. In this phylogeny, Circus is placed as sister to a clade of relatively large accipiters, including the northern goshawk A. gentilis, the bicoloured hawk A. bicolor and Cooper's hawk A. cooperii. A basal clade includes such species as the collared sparrowhawk A. cirrocephalus, Chinese sparrowhawk A. gularis and besra A. virgatus; members of this clade, found in Asia and Australasia, are dark above (including on the crown) and are often rufous and/or barred on the breast.

<==Accipiter Brisson 1760 CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    |--+--A. soloensis JT12
    |  `--+--A. cirrocephalus (Vieillot 1817) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |     `--+--A. gularis JT12
    |        |    |--A. g. gularis I92
    |        |    `--A. g. iwasakii Mishima 1962 I92
    |        `--A. virgatus JT12
    `--+--+--Circus JT12
       |  `--+--A. gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, M02 (see below for synonymy)
       |     |    |--A. g. gentilis I92
       |     |    |--A. g. atricapillus A68
       |     |    |--A. g. fujiyamae (Swann & Hartert 1923) I92
       |     |    `--A. g. schvedowi I92
       |     `--+--A. bicolor JT12
       |        `--A. cooperii JT12 [=Falco cooperi Scl66; incl. F. stanleyii Scl66]
       `--+--+--A. tachiro JT12
          |  `--+--A. imitator JT12
          |     `--A. novaehollandiae (Gmelin 1788) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
          |          |--A. n. novaehollandiae WS48
          |          |--A. n. cooktowni (Mathews 1912) (see below for synonymy) WS48
          |          `--A. n. griseogularis J06
          `--+--*A. nisus (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, JT12, M02 [=Falco nisus M02]
             |    |--A. n. nisus I92
             |    `--A. n. nisosimilis (Tickell 1833) I92
             `--+--+--A. erythronemius Gray 1848 BKB15, Scl66 (see below for synonymy)
                |  `--A. rufiventris BKB15
                `--A. striatus BKB15
                     |--A. s. striatus SWK87
                     |--A. s. velox A68
                     `--A. s. venator SWK87

Accipiter incertae sedis:
  A. albogularis JT12
  A. badius JT12
  A. brachyurus JT12
  A. brevipes JT12
  ‘Nisus’ brutus Sch66
  A. butleri JT12
  A. castanilius Bp. 1853 Scl66
  A. chilensis JT12
  A. chionogaster (Kaup 1851) JT12, Scl66 [=Nisus chionogaster Scl66]
  A. collaris Sclater 1860 Scl66
  A. erythrauchen JT12
  A. erythropus JT12
  A. fasciatus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    |--A. f. fasciatus CC10
    |--A. f. didimus (Mathews 1912) [=Astur fasciatus didimus] WS48
    |--‘Astur approximans’ insularis Sarasin 1913 S13
    |--A. f. natalis M03
    `--A. f. vigilax CC10
  A. francesiae JT12 [=Nisus francesii Sch66]
    |--A. f. francesii USDI77
    `--A. f. pusillus USDI77
  A. fuscus [=Falco fuscus; incl. F. dubius, F. pennsylvanicus, F. velox] Scl66
  A. griseiceps JT12
  A. gundlachi JT12
    |--A. g. gundlachi HSS13
    `--A. g. wileyi HSS13
  A. haplochrous (Sclater 1859) JT12, S13 [=Astur haplochrous S13]
  A. henicogrammus JT12
  A. henstii JT12
  ‘Nisus’ lantzii Sch66
  A. luteoschistaceus JT12
  A. madagascariensis JT12 [=Nisus madagascariensis Sch66]
  A. melanochlamys JT12
  A. melanoleucus JT12
  A. meyerianus JT12 [=A. fasciatus meyerianus CC10]
  A. minullus JT12
  ‘Nisus’ morelii [=Nisuoides morelii] Sch66
  A. nanus JT12
  A. ovampensis JT12
  A. pectoralis [=Falco pectoralis] Scl66
  A. pileatus [=Falco pileatus] Scl66
  A. poliocephalus JT12
  A. poliogaster JT12
  A. princeps JT12
  A. rhodogaster JT12
  A. rufitorques JT12 [=A. fasciatus rufitorques CC10]
  ‘Astur’ sharpei R87a
  A. tinus [=Falco tinus, Nisus tinus; incl. Accipiter fontanieri] Scl66
  A. torquatus R87a [=Falco (Urospizias) torquatus R87a, Astur torquatus S13]
  A. toussenelii JT12
  A. trinotatus JT12
  A. ventralis Sclater 1866 Scl66

Accipiter Brisson 1760 CC10 [incl. Astur Lacépède 1799 CC10, Leucospiza Kaup 1844 CC10, Nisus Lacépède 1799 B94, Paraspizias Mathews 1915 CC10, Urospiza kaup 1844 CC10; Asturinae, Nisinae]

Accipiter cirrocephalus (Vieillot 1817) JT12, WS48 [=Sparvius cirrhocephalus CC10, *Paraspizias cirrhocephalus CC10; incl. Astur cirrocephalus broomei Mathews 1912 WS48]

Accipiter erythronemius Gray 1848 JT12, Scl66 [=Nisus fringillarius erythronemius Scl66; incl. N. striatus Scl66]

Accipiter fasciatus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) CC10 [=Astur fasciatus CC10; incl. Astur approximans Vigors & Horsfield 1827 CC10, Astur cruentus Gould 1843 CC10, Accipiter fasciatus cruentus WS48, Astur fasciatus mackayi Mathews 1912 CC10, Astur maculosus Coles 1897 CC10, Falco radiatus Latham 1801 CC10, WS48, Accipiter radiatus SJ85, Astur radiatus R87b, Erythrotriorchis radiatus WS48, *Urospiza radiata CC10, Urospiza fasciata rennelliana Kinghorn 1937 CC10, Erythrotriorchis rufotibia Campbell 1911 WS48]

Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, M02 [=Falco gentilis M02; incl. Ac. gentilis brevidactylus Mourer-Chauviré 1975 M02, F. palumbarius Linnaeus 1758 CC10, L58, *Astur palumbarius CC10]

Accipiter novaehollandiae (Gmelin 1788) JT12, WS48 [=Falco novaehollandiae CC10, *Leucospiza novaehollandiae CC10]

Accipiter novaehollandiae cooktowni (Mathews 1912) [=Astur clarus cooktowni; incl. Astur novaehollandiae alboides Mathews 1912] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A68] Ashmole, N. P. 1968. Body size, prey size, and ecological segregation in five sympatric tropical terns (Aves: Laridae). Systematic Zoology 17 (3): 292–304.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[HSS13] Hirschfeld, E., A. Swash & R. Still. 2013. The World's Rarest Birds. Princeton University Press: Princeton (New Jersey).

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[J06] Johnstone, R. E. 2006. The birds of Gag Island, Western Papuan islands, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 115–132.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[R87a] Ramsay, E. P. 1887a. List of Western Australian birds collected by Mr. Cairn, and Mr. W. H. Boyer-Bower, at Derby and its vicinity, with remarks on the species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1085–1100.

[R87b] Ramsay, E. P. 1887b. Descriptions of Australian birds' eggs. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1141–1152, pl. 19.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[Sch66] Schlegel, H. 1866. Communication from, on mammals and birds collected in Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 419–426.

[Scl66] Sclater, P. L. 1866. On a new species of the genus Accipiter from New Granada. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 302–304.

[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

[SJ85] Storr, G. M., & R. E. Johnstone. 1985. Field Guide to the Birds of Western Australia 2^nd ed. Western Australian Museum: Perth (Australia).

[USDI77] USDI (United States Department of the Interior). 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 5 August 2019.