Endothyranopsinae

Globoendothyra baileyi, copyright Herb and Michael.

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Endothyranopsinae are a group of planispiral forams known from the Lower Carboniferous (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test planispiral, involute, not compressed, distinctly septate; wall a single layer of thick granular calcite with some adventitious material, perforate; aperture simple, basal.

<==Endothyranopsinae LT64
    |--Endothyranopsis Cummings 1955 LT64
    |    |--*E. crassa (Brady in Moore 1870) [=Involutina crassa] LT64
    |    `--E. compressus R79
    |--Chernyshinella Lipina 1955 [incl. Granuliferella Zeller 1957] LT64
    |    |--*C. glomiformis (Lipina 1948) [=Endothyra glomiformis] LT64
    |    `--C. granulosa (Zeller 1957) [=*Granuliferella granulosa] LT64
    `--Globoendothyra Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 LT64
         |--*G. pseudoglobulus Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 [=Endothyranopsis pseudoglobulus] LT64
         |--G. baileyi CM01
         |--G. globulus R79
         `--G. tomiliensis R79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM01] Cózar, P., & B. L. Mamet. 2001. Planohowchinia (Lasiodiscidae, Foraminiferida), a new Late Viséan genus, southwestern Spain. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 31 (3): 228–232.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Fusulinida

Various views and section of Globivalvulina bulloides, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Quasiendothyridae, Parathuramminidae, Earlandiidae, Palaeotextulariidae, Tetrataxidae, Tournayellidae, Loeblichiidae, Lasiodiscidae, Archaediscidae, Endothyrinae, Haplophragmellinae, Endothyranopsinae.

The Fusulinida are a group of Foraminifera known from the Ordovician to the Triassic, characterised by a wall ancestrally composed of microgranular calcite, becoming differentiated into two or more layers in some derived subgroups (Loeblich & Tappan 1964). Early species were often simple with tests divided into few chambers or undivided, but some later lineages became complex and multi-chambered.

<==Fusulinida [Cribrospiracea, Endothyrida, Fusulinina, Palaeohellenoidea]
    |  i. s.: Paraskinnerella CL02
    |         Pamirina darvasica ZL04
    |         Chalaroschwagerina Skinner & Wilde 1965 RLS04
    |           `--C. vulgaris ZL04
    |         Thailandina hongnusonthinae Toriyama & Kanmera 1968 ZL04
    |         Rugosochusenella tenuis (Toriyama 1975) ZL04
    |         Armenia karinae (Kochansky-Devidé & Ramovs 1955) ZL04
    |         Pseudoreichelinia ZL04
    |         Quasiendothyridae CV01
    |--Robuloidacea K04
    |    |--Partisania Sosnina 1978 [Partisaniidae] K04
    |    |    `--*P. typica K04
    |    `--Robuloides Reichel 1946 W76 [incl. Pararobuloides Miklukho-Maklay 1954 LT64]
    |         |--*R. lens Reichel 1945 LT64
    |         |--R. acutus Reichel 1946 W76
    |         `--R. orientalis (Miklukho-Maklay 1954) [=*Pararobuloides orientalis] LT64
    |--Parathuramminacea [Parathuramminidea] LT64
    |    |--Parathuramminidae LT64
    |    |--Earlandiidae LT64
    |    `--Caligellidae LT64
    |         |--Shuguria Antropov 1950 LT64
    |         |    `--*S. flabelliformis Antropov 1950 LT64
    |         `--Caligella Antropov 1950 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |              |--*C. borovkensis Antropov 1950 LT64
    |              |--C. antropovi (Lipina 1955) [=*Paracaligella antropovi] LT64
    |              |--C. chernyshinensis (Lipina 1955) [=*Baituganella chernyshinensis] LT64
    |              `--C. transversa (Bykova 1952) [=*Evlania transversa] LT64
    |--Palaeotextulariacea K04
    |    |--Palaeotextulariidae LT64
    |    `--Biseriamminidae [Globivalvulinae, Globivalvulininae] K04
    |         |--Biseriella C02
    |         |--Paradagmarita Lys in Lys & Marcoux 1978 K04
    |         |    `--P. flabelliformis K04
    |         |--Biseriammina Chernysheva 1941 LT64
    |         |    `--*B. uralica Chernysheva 1941 LT64
    |         `--Globivalvulina Schubert 1921 LT64
    |              |--*G. bulloides (Brady 1876) [=Valvulina bulloides] LT64
    |              |--G. biserialis C40
    |              |--G. parva R79
    |              `--G. vonderschmitti K04
    `--Endothyracea [Endothyridea, Tournayellidea] LT64
         |--Tetrataxidae LT64
         |--Tournayellidae LT64
         |--Loeblichiidae LT64
         |--Lasiodiscidae LT64
         |--Archaediscidae LT64
         |--Septabrunsiinidae CV01
         |    |--Septabrunsiina Lipina 1955 LT64
         |    |    `--*S. krainica (Lipina 1948) [=Endothyra krainica] LT64
         |    `--Tournayellina Lipina 1955 E03, LT64
         |         `--*T. vulgaris Lipina 1955 [=Septabrunsiina vulgaris] LT64
         |--Semitextulariidae [Pseudopalmulidae] LT64
         |    |--Semitextularia Miller & Carmer 1933 LT64
         |    |    `--*S. thomasi Miller & Carmer 1933 LT64
         |    |--Paratextularia Pokorný 1951 [=Cremsia Bykova 1952] LT64
         |    |    `--*P. proboscidea (Cushman & Stainbrook 1943) [=Textularia proboscidea, *Cremsia proboscidea] LT64
         |    `--Pseudopalmula Cushman & Stainbrook 1943 LT64
         |         `--*P. palmuloides Cushman & Stainbrook 1943 LT64
         `--+--Mediendothyra CV01
            |--Priscella CV01
            |--Endostaffellidae CV01
            |    |--Zellerinella CV01
            |    |--Endostaffella Rozovskaya 1961 LT64
            |    |    `--*E. parva (Möller 1879) [=Endothyra parva] LT64
            |    `--Mediocris Rozovskaya 1961 CV01, LT64
            |         `--*M. mediocris (Vissarionova 1948) [=Eostaffella mediocris] LT64
            `--Endothyridae [Bradyinidae, Cribrospiridae, Endothyrina, Plectogyridae] LT64
                 |  i. s.: Tuberendothyra R79
                 |         Latiendothyra M98
                 |--Endothyrinae CV01
                 |--Haplophragmellinae LT64
                 |--Endothyranopsinae LT64
                 `--Bradyininae LT64
                      |--Bradyina von Möller 1878 LT64
                      |    `--B. rotula (Eichwald 1860) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                      |--Glyphostomella Cushman & Waters 1928 [incl. Pseudobradyina Reytlinger 1950] LT64
                      |    |--G. holdenvillensis (Harlton 1927) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                      |    `--G. pulchra (Reytlinger 1950) [=*Pseudobradyina pulchra] LT64
                      `--Janischewskina Mikhaylov 1935 (see below for synonymy) LT64
                           |--*J. typica Mikhaylov 1935 LT64
                           `--‘*Samarina’ operculata Rauzer-Chernousova & Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova, Belyaev & Reytlinger 1940 LT64

Bradyina rotula (Eichwald 1860) [=Nonionina rotula; incl. *B. nautiliformis von Möller 1878] LT64

Caligella Antropov 1950 [incl. Baituganella Lipina 1955, Evlania Bykova 1952, Paracaligella Lipina 1955] LT64

Glyphostomella holdenvillensis (Harlton 1927) [=Bradyina holdenvillensis; incl. Ammochilostoma triloculina Cushman & Waters 1927, *Glyphostomella triloculina] LT64

Janischewskina Mikhaylov 1935 [=Yanischewskina (l. c.); incl. Samarina Rauzer-Chernousova & Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova, Belyaev & Reytlinger 1940] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CL02] Caridroit, M., A. Lamerandt, J.-M. Dégardin, A. F. de Dios & D. Vachard. 2002. Discovery of radiolaria and conodonts in the Carboniferous–Permian of San Salvador (Puebla, Mexico); biostratigraphic implications. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1: 205–211.

[C02] Cózar, P. 2002. Taxonomic value of the diaphanotheca/luminotheca in the classification of Lower Carboniferous endothyroid Foraminiferida; creation of two new species of Pojarkovella. Geobios 35: 283–291.

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[E03] Edgell, H. S. 2003. Upper Devonian Charophyta of Western Australia. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 359–374.

[K04] Kobayashi, F. 2004. Late Permian foraminifers from the Limestone Block in the Southern Chichibu Terrane of west Shikoku, SW Japan. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 62–70.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M98] Mamet, B. 1998. A Late Devonian microfossil with dasyclad algae affinities from northwestern Australia. Alcheringa 22 (1): 21–28.

[RLS04] Rigby, J. K., G. A. Linder & C. H. Stevens. 2004. A new occurrence of the “hydrozoan” Radiotrabeculopora reticulata Fan, Rigby, and Zhang, 1991 in the Permian of California. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 410–413.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[W76] Wang K. 1976. The foraminifera from the Changhsing Formation in western Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 15 (2): 187–195.

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.

Parathuramminidae

Section of Irregularina karlensis, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Parathuramminidae are a group of globular Foraminifera known from the Devonian to the Lower Carboniferous, often with distinctive tubular projections.

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964a): Globular chamber or cluster of chambers; aperture absent or multiple, at ends of tubular projections.

<==Parathuramminidae [Archaesphaeridae]
    |--Petchorina Reytlinger in Varsanofeva & Reytlinger 1962 LT64b
    |    `--*P. schezhimovensis Reytlinger in Varsanofeva & Reytlinger 1962 LT64b
    |--Bisphaera Birina 1948 LT64a
    |    `--*B. malevkensis Birina 1948 LT64a
    |--Cribrosphaeroides Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 (see below for synonymy) LT64a
    |    `--*C. simplex (Reytlinger 1954) [=*Cribrosphaera simplex] LT64a
    |--Quasituberitina Poyarkov in Purkin, Poyarkov & Rozhanets 1961 LT64a
    |    `--*Q. magna Poyarkov in Purkin, Poyarkov & Rozhanets 1961 LT64a
    |--Rauserina Antropov 1950 LT64a
    |    `--*R. notata Antropov 1950 LT64a
    |--Uralinella Bykova 1952 LT64a
    |    |--*U. bicamerata Bykova 1952 LT64a
    |    `--U. ostaschlovichensis Manukalova-Grebeniuk 1974 M98
    |--Palachemonella Beckmann 1953 LT64a
    |    `--*P. torleyi Beckmann 1953 LT64a
    |--Uslonia Antropov 1959 LT64a
    |    `--*U. permira Antropov 1959 LT64a
    |--Parathurammina Suleymanov 1945 [incl. Salpingothurammina Poyarkov in Purkin, Poyarkov & Rozhanets 1961] LT64a
    |    |--*P. dagmarae Suleymanov 1945 LT64a
    |    |--P. gekkeri E03
    |    `--P. tuberculata Lipina 1950 [=Thurammina (*Salpingothurammina) tuberculata] LT64a
    |--Archaesphaera Suleymanov 1945 [incl. Vicinesphaera Antropov 1950] LT64a
    |    |--*A. minima Suleymanov 1945 LT64a
    |    |--A. magna ZP86
    |    `--A. squalida (Antropov 1950) [=*Vicinesphaera squalida] LT64a
    `--Irregularina Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 (see below for synonymy) LT64a
         |--*I. karlensis Vissarionova 1950 LT64a
         |--I. cardiformis LT64a
         |--I. mopha [=I. morpha] LT64a
         `--I. nodosa (Antropov 1950) [=*Corbis nodosus, *Corbiella nodosa] LT64a

Cribrosphaeroides Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 [=Cribrosphaera Reytlinger 1954 non Popofsky 1906, Cribrosphaerella Pronina 1960, Cribsophaeroides (l. c.)] LT64a

Irregularina Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 [incl. Corbiella Antropov in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959, Corbis Antropov 1950 non Cuvier 1817] LT64a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E03] Edgell, H. S. 2003. Upper Devonian Charophyta of Western Australia. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 359–374.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M98] Mamet, B. 1998. A Late Devonian microfossil with dasyclad algae affinities from northwestern Australia. Alcheringa 22 (1): 21–28.

[ZP86] Zhang, R., & J. Pojeta Jr. 1986. New bivalves from the Datang Stage, Lower Carboniferous, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 60 (3): 669–679.

Quasiendothyridae

Equatorial (left) and axial sections of Quasiendothyra kobeitusana, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Quasiendothyridae are a lineage of fusulinid Foraminifera with multiple chambers and true chomata known from the late Devonian, superficially similar but probably not directly related to the later Loeblichiidae (Cózar & Vachard 2001).

<==Quasiendothyridae [Quasiendothyrinae] LT64
    |--Glomospiranella Lipina in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 CV01, LT64
    |    `--*G. asiatica Lipina in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 [=Brunsiina asiatica] LT64
    `--+--Septaglomospiranella Lipina 1955 CV01, LT64
       |    `--*S. primaeva (Rauzer-Chernousova 1948) [=Endothyra primaeva, Septabrunsiina primaeva] LT64
       `--+--Baelenia CV01
          `--+--Eoquasiendothyra CV01
             `--+--Eoendothyra Miklukho-Maklay 1960 CV01, LT64
                |    `--*E. communis (Rauzer-Chernousova 1948) [=Endothyra communis, Quasiendothyra communis] LT64
                `--Quasiendothyra Rauzer-Chernousova 1948 CV01, LT64 (see below for synonymy)
                     |--*Q. kobeitusana (Rauzer-Chernousova 1948) [=Endothyra kobeitusana] LT64
                     `--Q. aljutovica (Reytlinger 1950) [=Endothyra aljutovica, *Planoendothyra aljutovica] LT64

Quasiendothyra Rauzer-Chernousova 1948 CV01, LT64 [incl. Cribroendothyra Lebedeva 1956 (n. n.) LT64, Planoendothyra Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 LT64]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Palaeotextulariidae

Longitudinal axial section (left) and external view of Climacammina textulariforme, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Palaeotextulariidae are a group of primarily biserial Foraminifera known from the Carboniferous and Permian. In some genera (Palaeotextularia and Deckerellina) the test remained biserial throughout, but in others (Climacammina, Cribrogenerina and Palaeobigenerina) it became uniserial in later stages of development (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test biserial or may become uniserial; wall granular calcareous, with inner layer and thin adventitious coating; aperture simple or multiple.

<==Palaeotextulariidae [Cribrostomatidae, Palaeotextulariinae] LT64
    |--Deckerellina Reytlinger 1950 LT64
    |    `--*D. istiensis Reytlinger 1950 LT64
    |--Palaeobigenerina Galloway 1933 LT64
    |    `--*P. geyeri (Schellwien 1898) [=Bigenerina geyeri] LT64
    |--Cribrogenerina Schubert 1908 LT64
    |    |--*C. sumatrana (Volz 1904) [=Bigenerina sumatrana, B. sumatrensis Volz 1904] LT64
    |    |--C. leonhardi [=Bigenerina leonhardi] LT64
    |    `--C. wysogorskyi [=Bigenerina wysogorskyi] LT64
    |--Palaeotextularia Schubert 1921 LT64
    |    |--*P. schellwieni Galloway & Rynicker 1930 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |    |--P. consobrina R79
    |    |--P. grahamensis LT64
    |    `--P. longiseptata CM01
    `--Climacammina Brady in Etheridge 1873 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |--*C. antiqua (Brady in Young & Armstrong 1871) [=Textularia antiqua] LT64
         |--‘Cribrostomum’ bradyi C40
         |--C. clavata (Cushman & Waters 1928) [=*Deckerella clavata] LT64
         |--C. cylindrica C40
         |--‘Cribrostomum’ gracile Möller 1879 [=*Moellerina gracilis] LT64
         |--C. krizi [=Cribrogenerina krizi] LT64
         |--C. patula R79
         |--C. prisca R79
         |--‘Cribrostomum’ speciosus ZP86
         `--C. textulariforme (Möller 1879) [=*Cribrostomum textulariforme] LT64

Climacammina Brady in Etheridge 1873 [=Climaccamina Scudder 1882; incl. Cribrostomum Möller 1879, Deckerella Cushman & Waters 1928, Moellerina Eimer & Fickert 1899 nec Ulrich 1886 nec Schellwien 1898] LT64

*Palaeotextularia schellwieni Galloway & Rynicker 1930 [incl. Textularia texulariformis Schellwein 1898 non Cribrostomum textulariforme Möller 1879] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM01] Cózar, P., & B. L. Mamet. 2001. Planohowchinia (Lasiodiscidae, Foraminiferida), a new Late Viséan genus, southwestern Spain. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 31 (3): 228–232.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[ZP86] Zhang, R., & J. Pojeta Jr. 1986. New bivalves from the Datang Stage, Lower Carboniferous, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 60 (3): 669–679.

Earlandiidae

Subaxial section of Earlandia elegans, from here.

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Earlandiidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Ordovician to the Carboniferous, with a free test that is tubular or uniserial (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

<==Earlandiidae [Earlandiinae]
    |--Earlandinita Cummings 1955 LT64
    |    `--*E. perelegans (Plummer 1930) [=Nodosinella perelegans] LT64
    |--Lugtonia Cummings 1955 LT64
    |    `--*L. concinna (Brady 1876) [=Nodosinella concinna] LT64
    |--Pseudoglomospira Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 LT64
    |    `--*P. devonica Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 LT64
    |--Saccamminopsis Sollas 1921 [incl. Carteria Brady in Moore 1870 nec Diesing 1866 nec Gray 1867] LT64
    |    `--S. fusulinaformis (M’Coy 1849) (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |--Paratikhinella Reytlinger 1954 [incl. Earlandinella Cummings 1955] LT64
    |    |--*P. cannula (Bykova 1952) [=Tikhinella cannula] LT64
    |    `--P. cylindrica (Brady 1876) [=Nodosinella cylindrica, *Earlandinella cylindrica] LT64
    `--Earlandia Plummer 1930 LT64
         |--*E. perparva Plummer 1930 LT64
         |--E. elegans (Rauser-Chernousova & Reitlinger in Rauser-Chernousova & Fursenko 1937) GAR03
         `--E. moderata CM01

Saccamminopsis fusulinaeformis (M’Coy 1849) [=Nodosaria fusulinaformis; incl. Saccammina carteri Brady 1871, *Saccamminopsis carteri] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM01] Cózar, P., & B. L. Mamet. 2001. Planohowchinia (Lasiodiscidae, Foraminiferida), a new Late Viséan genus, southwestern Spain. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 31 (3): 228–232.

[GAR03] Groves, J. R., D. Altiner & R. Rettori. 2003. Origin and early evolutionary radiation of the order Lagenida (Foraminifera). Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 831–843.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Tournayellidae

Equatorial section and external views of Tournayella spectabilis, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Tournayellidae are a group of planispiral Foraminifera known from the Upper Devonian to the Upper Permian (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test free, proloculus followed by planispirally enrolled tubular second chamber, subseptate, with slight protuberances or incipient septa forming pseudochambers; wall calcareous, granular, and may have agglutinated inclusions; aperture simple or cribrate.

<==Tournayellidae (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |--Brunsiina Lipina in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 LT64
    |    `--*B. uralica Lipina in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 LT64
    |--Forschia Mikhaylov 1939 LT64
    |    `--*F. subangulata (von Möller 1879) [=Spirillina subangulata, S. angulata (l. c.)] LT64
    |--Forschiella Mikhaylov 1935 LT64
    |    `--*F. prisca Mikhaylov 1935 LT64
    |--Lituotubella Rauzer-Chernousova 1948 LT64
    |    `--*L. glomospiroides Rauzer-Chernousova 1948 LT64
    |--Gourisina Reichel 1945 LT64
    |    `--*G. broennimanni Reichel 1945 LT64
    |--Glomospiroides Reytlinger 1950 [incl. Glomospirella Reytlinger 1950 non Plummer 1945] LT64
    |    |--*G. fursenkoi Reytlinger 1950 [=*G. fursenki] LT64
    |    `--G. borealis (Reytlinger 1950) [=*Glomospirella borealis] LT64
    `--Tournayella Dain in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |--*T. discoidea Dain in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 LT64
         |--T. cepeki (Vašíček & Ružička 1957) [=*Cepekia cepeki] LT64
         |--T. segmentata Dain in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 [=*Septatournayella segmentata] LT64
         `--T. spectabilis (Dain in Dain & Grozdilova 1953) [=*Carbonella spectabilis] LT64

Tournayella Dain in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 [incl. Carbonella Dain in Dain & Grozdilova 1953, Cepekia Vašíček & Ružička 1957, Septatournayella Lipina 1955] LT64

Tournayellidae [Forschiidae, Forschiinae, Forshiinae, Glomospirellinae, Teurnayellidae, Tournauellinae, Tournayellinae] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Tetrataxidae

Various views of Tetrataxis conica, from Loeblich & Tapppan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Tetrataxidae are a group of conical Foraminifera known from the lower Carboniferous to the Triassic (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test free, trochospiral, few chambers in whorl, conical; wall granular calcareous, in two layers.

<==Tetrataxidae [Tetrataxinae]
    |--Valvulinella Schubert 1907 [=Palaeovalvulina Schubert 1921, Palaeovalvuloria (l. c.)] LT64
    |    `--*V. youngi (Brady 1876) [=Valvulina youngi, *Palaeovalvulina youngi] LT64
    |--Polytaxis Cushman & Waters 1928 C40
    |    |--*P. laheei Cushman & Waters 1928 C40
    |    `--P. multiloculata C40
    `--Tetrataxis Ehrenberg 1854 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |--*T. conica Ehrenberg 1854 [=*Artetraxoum conicum] LT64
         |--T. angusta CM01
         |--T. hemisphaerica PE02
         |--T. lata PE02
         |--T. palaeotrochus C40
         |--T. planolocula Lee & Chen 1930 [=*Pseudotetrataxis planolocula] LT64
         |--‘Lituola’ rhaetica [=Ruditaxis rhaetica] F71
         |--‘Valvulina’ rudis Brady 1876 [=*Ruditaxis rudis] C40
         `--T. scutella Cushman & Waters 1928 [=*Falsotetrataxis scutella] LT64

Tetrataxis Ehrenberg 1854 [=Artetraxoum Rhumbler 1913; incl. Falsotetrataxis Marie in Deleau & Marie 1961, Pseudotetrataxis Marie in Deleau & Marie 1961, Ruditaxis Schubert 1921] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM01] Cózar, P., & B. L. Mamet. 2001. Planohowchinia (Lasiodiscidae, Foraminiferida), a new Late Viséan genus, southwestern Spain. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 31 (3): 228–232.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[PE02] Pan, H.-Z., & D. H. Erwin. 2002. Gastropods from the Permian of Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces, south China. Journal of Paleontology 76 (Memoir 56): 1–49.

Dainella

Axial (lower two) and horizontal sections of Dainella chomatica, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Loeblichiidae.

Dainella is a genus of fusulinid Foraminifera from the lower Carboniferous with globular to nautiloid tests with walls not differentiated into layers (Cózar & Vachard 2001).

Characters (from Cózar & Vachard 2001): Globular to nautiloid tests, involute or partially evolute. Repetitive and abrupt changes of the coiling axis (60 to 90° between successive whorls). Numerous and close chambers, separated by inclined septa. Faint sutures. Supplementary formations are chomata, eventually strong. Wall dark, microgranular, undifferentiated. Aperture terminal, simple.

<==Dainella Brazhnikova 1962 CV01
    |--*D. chomatica (Dain in Brazhnikova 1962) (see below for synonymy) CV01
    |--D. alborziensis Bozorgnia 1973 CV01
    |--D. angusta Vdovenko in Brazhnikova & Vdovenko 1973 CV01
    |--D. callosa Vdovenko in Brazhnikova & Vdovenko 1973 CV01
    |--D. cognata Ganelina 1966 CV01
    |--D. dainae (Chernysheva 1940) CV01
    |--D. densaspira Bozorgnia 1973 CV01
    |--D. elegantula Brazhnikova 1962 (see below for synonymy) CV01
    |--D. holkeriana Conil & Longerstaey in Conil et al. 1980 CV01
    |--D. libera Postoyalko 1970 CV01
    `--D. sichuanensis Ye et al. 1987 CV01

*Dainella chomatica (Dain in Brazhnikova 1962) [=Endothyra chomatica; incl. D. chomatica f. magna Brazhnikova 1962, D. chomatica f. staffelloides Brazhnikova 1962] CV01

Dainella elegantula Brazhnikova 1962 [incl. D. elegantula f. compressa Brazhnikova & Vdovenko 1973 (n. n.), D. elegantula f. evoluta Brazhnikova 1962, D. elegantula f. ventrosa Brazhnikova 1962] CV01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Loeblichiidae

Axial (left) and equatorial sections of Lysella gadukensis, from Cózar & Vachard (2001).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.
Contains: Dainella, Bessiella, Paralysella, Ozawainellidae, Paradainella, Loeblichiinae, Staffellidae, Schubertellidae, Verbeekinidae, Fusulininae, Schwagerininae.

The Loeblichiidae are a lineage of fusulinid Foraminifera from the lower Carboniferous with numerous chambers and true chomata that were regarded by Cózar & Vachard (2001) as including the ancestors of later fusulinids from the later Carboniferous and Permian. The latter, comprising the Fusulinacea, developed a distinctively complex internal structure, with the interiors of the numerous, short chambers modified by secondary deposits such as chomata, parachomata, tectoria or axial fillings (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

<==Loeblichiidae [Loeblichinidae, Spinoendothyrinae]
    |--Inflatoendothyra Brazhnikova & Vdovenko in Vdovenko 1972 CV01
    |--Elergella Conil in Shilo et al. 1984 CV01
    `--+--Spinoendothyra Lipina in Anonymous 1963 CV01
       |--+--Spinobrunsiina Conil & Longerstaey in Conil et al. 1980 CV01
       |  `--Pseudoplanoendothyra Brazhnikova & Vdovenko in Brazhnikova 1982 CV01
       |--+--Urbanella Malakhova in Anonymous 1963 CV01
       |  `--Banffella Mamet in Mamet & Skipp 1970 CV01
       `--+--Pseudochernyshinella Brazhnikova 1974 CV01
          `--Dainellinae CV01
               |--Dainella CV01
               |--+--Bessiella CV01
               |  `--Vissarionovella Cózar & Vachard 2001 CV01
               |       |--*V. tujmasensis (Vissarionova 1948) (see below for synonymy) CV01
               |       |--V. donzellii Cózar & Vachard 2001 CV01
               |       `--V. llangollensis (Conil & Ramsbottom in Conil et al. 1981) [=Bessiella llangollensis] CV01
               |--+--Lysella Bozorgnia 1973 CV01
               |  |    |--*L. gadukensis Bozorgnia 1973 [incl. L. conferta Bozorgnia 1973] CV01
               |  |    |--L. amenta (Ganelina 1966) [=Dainella amenta] CV01
               |  |    |--L. compacta (Postoyalko 1970) [=Dainella compacta] CV01
               |  |    |--L. incomposita (Postoyalko 1970) [=Dainella incomposita] CV01
               |  |    |--L. magna (Vdovenko 1954) [=Quasiendothyra magna] CV01
               |  |    |--L. manifesta (Ganelina 1966) [=Dainella manifesta] CV01
               |  |    |--L. mediocriformis CV01
               |  |    |--L. micula (Postoyalko 1970) [=Dainella micula] CV01
               |  |    `--L. uralica (Postoyalko 1970) [=Dainella uralica] CV01
               |  `--+--Paralysella CV01
               |     `--+--Ozawainellidae CV01
               |        `--Eostaffella Rauzer-Chernousova 1948 CV01, LT64 [Eostaffellidae]
               |             |--*E. parastruvei (Rauzer-Chernousova 1948) [=Staffella (*Eostaffella) parastruvei] LT64
               |             |--E. compacta Rozovskaya 1963 [=E. versabilis compacta] CV01
               |             |--E. endothyroidea Chang 1962 CV01
               |             |--E. nalivkini Malakhova 1957 CV01
               |             |--E. prisca CV01
               |             |    |--E. p. prisca CV01
               |             |    `--E. p. ocisa Vdovenko 1971 CV01
               |             `--E. radiata CM01
               `--+--Paradainella CV01
                  |--+--Eogloboendothyra CV01
                  |  `--+--Skippella CV01
                  |     `--Eoendothyranopsis CV01
                  |          |--E. macrus R79
                  |          |--E. rarus R79
                  |          |--E. spiroides R79
                  |          `--E. utahensis R79
                  `--+--Loeblichiinae CV01
                     |--Bozorgniella Cózar & Vachard 2001 CV01
                     |    |--*B. tumultuosa (Bozorgnia 1973) [=Dainella tumultuosa] CV01
                     |    |--B. florigena (Pronina 1963) [=Pseudoendothyra florigena, Eoparastaffella florigena] CV01
                     |    |--B. fundata (Simonova 1975) [=Eoparastaffella fundata] CV01
                     |    |--B. librans (Conil & Lys 1964) [=Plectogyra librans] CV01
                     |    |--B. rotunda (Vdovenko 1971) [=Eoparastaffella (Eoparastaffellina) rotunda] CV01
                     |    |--B. simplex (Vdovenko 1954) [=Eoparastaffella simplex] CV01
                     |    `--B. tumida (Pronina 1963) [=Eoparastaffella tumida, Pseudoendothyra tumida] CV01
                     `--+--Eoparastaffelina umbilicata (Bozorgnia 1973) [=Lysella umbilicata] CV01
                        `--Fusulinacea (see below for synonymy) K04
                             |  i. s.: Chenella Miklukho-Maklay 1959 LT64
                             |           `--*C. kueichihensis (Chen 1934) [=Orobias kueichihensis] LT64
                             |         Lantschichites Tumanskaya 1953 LT64
                             |           `--*L. maslennikovi (Tumanskaya 1953) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                             |         Darvasites Miklukho-Maklay 1959 LT64
                             |           `--*D. daroni (Miklukho-Maklay 1949) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                             |         Eostaffelloides Miklukho-Maklay 1959 LT64
                             |           `--*E. orientalis Miklukho-Maklay 1959 LT64
                             |         Fujimotoella Morikawa 1952 LT64
                             |           `--*F. umblicata Morikawa 1952 LT64
                             |         Moscoviella Miklukho-Maklay 1952 [=Moscovella Thompson 1954] LT64
                             |           `--*M. mosquensis (Rauzer-Chernousova in Rauzer-Chernousova et al. 1951) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                             |         Parareichelina Miklukho-Maklay in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 LT64
                             |           `--*P. reticulata Miklukho-Maklay in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 LT64
                             |         Praeparafusulina Tumanskaya 1962 LT64
                             |           `--*P. pseudojaponica (Dutkevitch in Gorsky 1939) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                             |         Pseudoendothyra Mikhaylov 1939 (see below for synonymy) LT64
                             |           |--*P. struvii (von Möller 1879) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                             |           `--P. kremenskensis R79
                             |         Putrella Rauzer-Chernousova 1951 LT64
                             |           `--*P. brazhnikovae (Putrya 1948) [=Pseudotriticites brazhnikovae] LT64
                             |         Quasifusulinoides Rauzer-Chernousova & Rozovskaya in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 LT64
                             |           `--*Q. fusiformis (Rozovskaya 1952) [=Pseudotriticites fusiformis] LT64
                             |         Russiella Miklukho-Maklay 1957 LT64
                             |           `--*R. pulchra Miklukho-Maklay 1957 LT64
                             |         Sichotenella Tumanskaya 1953 LT64
                             |           `--*S. sutschanica Tumanskaya 1953 LT64
                             |         Sphaeroschwagerina Miklukho-Maklay 1959 LT64
                             |           |--S. karnica (Shcherbovich in Rauzer-Chernousova & Shcherbovich 1949) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                             |           |--S. fusiformis RR79
                             |           |--S. moelleri RR79
                             |           |--S. sphaerica RR79
                             |           `--S. vulgaris RR79
                             |--Staffellidae LT64
                             |--Schubertellidae K04
                             |--Verbeekinidae LT64
                             `--Fusulinidae [Fusilinidae, Schwagerinidae] CV01
                                  |--Fusulininae LT64
                                  `--Schwagerininae LT64

*Darvasites daroni (Miklukho-Maklay 1949) [=Triticites ordinatus var. daroni] LT64

Fusulinacea [Fusulinaceae, Fusulinidea, Fusulinoidea, Neoschwagerinaceae, Verbeekinacea, Verbeekinidea] K04

*Lantschichites maslennikovi (Tumanskaya 1953) [=Codonofusiella (*Lantschichites) maslennikovi] LT64

*Moscoviella mosquensis (Rauzer-Chernousova in Rauzer-Chernousova et al. 1951) [=Ozawainella mosquensis, *Moscovella mosquensis] LT64

*Praeparafusulina pseudojaponica (Dutkevitch in Gorsky 1939) [=Parafusulina pseudojaponica] LT64

Pseudoendothyra Mikhaylov 1939 [=Parastaffella Rauzer-Chernousova 1948; incl. Eoparastaffella Vdovenko 1954] LT64

*Pseudoendothyra struvii (von Möller 1879) [=Fusulinella struvii, *Parastaffella struvii] LT64

Sphaeroschwagerina karnica (Shcherbovich in Rauzer-Chernousova & Shcherbovich 1949) [=Schwagerina sphaerica var. karnica; incl. Sc. princeps Schellwien 1898 non Borelis princeps Ehrenberg 1842, *Sphaeroschwagerina princeps] LT64

*Vissarionovella tujmasensis (Vissarionova 1948) [=Eostaffella tujmasensis, Dainella tujmasensis, Lysella tujmasensis] CV01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM01] Cózar, P., & B. L. Mamet. 2001. Planohowchinia (Lasiodiscidae, Foraminiferida), a new Late Viséan genus, southwestern Spain. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 31 (3): 228–232.

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

[K04] Kobayashi, F. 2004. Late Permian foraminifers from the Limestone Block in the Southern Chichibu Terrane of west Shikoku, SW Japan. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 62–70.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Loeblichiinae

Equatorial section of Pojarkovella pennarroyensis, from Cózar (2002).

Belongs within: Loeblichiidae.

The Loeblichiinae are a lineage of fusulinids with a tendency to loss of sutures and evolute coiling known from the mid-Visean to lower Namurian stages of the lower Carboniferous (Cózar & Vachard 2001).

Characters (from Cózar & Vachard 2001): Evident quasiendothyroid trends, i.e. numerous chambers, absent sutures, evolute whorls and chomata. Various types of wall, from microgranular to granular.

<==Loeblichiinae [Loeblichinae, Nanicellinae]
    |--Loeblichia Cummings 1955 CV01
    |    `--*L. ammonoides (Brady 1873) [=Endothyra ammonoides] LT64
    |--Eocristellaria Miklukho-Maklay 1954 LT64
    |    `--*E. permica Miklukho-Maklay 1954 LT64
    |--Nanicella Henbest 1935 LT64
    |    `--*N. gallowayi (Thomas 1931) [=Endothyra gallowayi] LT64
    |--Rhenothyra Beckmann 1950 LT64
    |    `--*R. refrathensis Beckmann 1950 LT64
    `--Pojarkovella Simonova & Zub 1975 (see below for synonymy) CV01
         |--P. nibelis (Durkina 1959) (see below for synonymy) C02
         |--P. angulata Simonova & Zub 1975 C02
         |--P. efremovi (Vdovenko & Rostovceva in Brazhnikova et al. 1967) (see below for synonymy) C02
         |--P. eostaffelloides Simonova & Zub 1975 C02
         |--P. guadiatensis Cózar 2002 C02
         |--P. immanis (Conil 1980) [=*Klubonibelia immanis] C02
         `--P. pennarroyensis Cózar 2002 C02

Pojarkovella Simonova & Zub 1975 [incl. Euxinella Conil & Dil in Dil 1977 nec Moisseev 1936 nec Nordsieck 1973, Euxinita Conil & Dil in Conil et al. 1980, Klubonibelia Conil 1980, Nibelia Conil 1980] CV01

Pojarkovella efremovi (Vdovenko & Rostovceva in Brazhnikova et al. 1967) [=Dainella efremovi, *Euxinella efremovi, *Euxinita efremovi] C02

Pojarkovella nibelis (Durkina 1959) [=Quasiendothyra nibelis, Dainella nibelis, *Nibelia nibelis; incl. D. altiformis Lin 1981, *Pojarkovella honesta Simonova & Zub 1975, D. hubiensis Lin 1984] C02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C02] Cózar, P. 2002. Taxonomic value of the diaphanotheca/luminotheca in the classification of Lower Carboniferous endothyroid Foraminiferida; creation of two new species of Pojarkovella. Geobios 35: 283–291.

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Ozawainellidae

Axial section of Paramillerella ampla, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Loeblichiidae.

The Ozawainella are a group of fusulinids known from the upper Lower Carboniferous to the Upper Permian (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Shell umbilicate to spherical or elongate, evolute in early forms, involute or irregularly uncoiled in later ones, axis of coiling short or long, first few volutions discoidal, others spherical to unevenly elongate; spirotheca composed of tectum with upper and lower tectoria in early forms but diaphanotheca occurring below tectum and above lower tectorium in later ones; septa plane; shell generally planispiral but may be asymmetrical, discoidal in at least part of shell with coiling axis in shortest diameter; tunnel singular.

<==Ozawainellidae [Ozawainellacea, Ozawainellinae, Reichelininae]
    |--Ozawainella Thompson 1935 LT64
    |    `--*O. angulata (Colani 1924) [=Fusulinella angulata] LT64
    |--Toriyamaia Kanmera 1956 LT64
    |    `--*T. laxiseptata Kanmera 1956 LT64
    |--Reichelina Erk 1941 LT64
    |    |--*R. cribroseptata Erk 1941 LT64
    |    `--R. changhsingensis K04
    |--Millerella Thompson 1942 LT64
    |    |--*M. marblensis Thompson 1942 LT64
    |    `--M. pressa LT64
    |--Rauserella Dunbar 1944 LT64
    |    |--*R. erratica Dunbar 1944 LT64
    |    `--R. yihewusuensis Xia in Ding, Xia et al. 1984 DX84
    |--Leella Dunbar & Skinner 1937 LT64
    |    |--*L. bellula Dunbar & Skinner 1937 LT64
    |    |--L. armenica K04
    |    `--L. kueichoensis K04
    `--Paramillerella Thompson 1951 LT64
         |--*P. advena (Thompson 1944) [=Millerella advena] LT64
         |--P. ampla LT64
         |--P. circuli LT64
         `--P. pinguis LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DX84] Ding Y., Xia G., Duan C., Li W., Liu X. & Liang Z. 1984. Study on the early Permian stratigraphy and fauna in Zhesi district, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (Inner Mongolia). Bulletin Tianjin Institure Geol. Min. Res. 10.

[K04] Kobayashi, F. 2004. Late Permian foraminifers from the Limestone Block in the Southern Chichibu Terrane of west Shikoku, SW Japan. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 62–70.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Schubertellidae

Schematic diagram of Codonofusiella, from here (see link for legend).

Belongs within: Loeblichiidae.

The Schubertellidae are a group of minute fusulinids known from the Upper Carboniferous and Permian (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964, as Schubertellinae): Shell minute, elongate-fusiform, ellipsoidal or irregular in shape, first few volutions coiled at large angle to outer ones; spirotheca composed of (1) tectum with upper and lower tectoria or (2) tectum with diaphanotheca and tectoria, or (3) tectum with lower layer only, or (4) consisting of single thin layer; septa plane in primitive forms, fluted in end zones of more advanced forms, and fluted throughout length of shell in some advanced members; tunnel singular; chomata small or distinct.

<==Schubertellidae [Boultoniinae, Schubertellinae, Schubertellinidae, Schubertellininae]
    |--Dunbarula Ciry 1948 LT64
    |    `--*D. mathieui Ciry 1948 LT64
    |--Mesoschubertella Kanuma & Sakagami 1957 LT64
    |    `--*M. thompsoni Sakagami in Kanuma & Sakagami 1957 LT64
    |--Minojapanella Fujimoto & Kanuma 1953 LT64
    |    `--*M. elongata Fujimoto & Kanuma 1953 LT64
    |--Paradoxiella Skinner & Wilde 1955 LT64
    |    `--*P. pratti Skinner & Wilde 1955 LT64
    |--Nanlingella Rui & Sheng 1981 K04
    |    |--N. meridionalis K04
    |    `--N. simplex K04
    |--Boultonia Lee 1927 LT64
    |    |--*B. willsi Lee 1927 LT64
    |    `--B. guadelupensis LT64
    |--Paraboultonia Skinner & Wilde 1954 [incl. Tavajzites Tumanskaya 1953] LT64
    |    |--*P. splendens Skinner & Wilde 1954 LT64
    |    `--P. delicata (Colani 1924) [=Fusulina pseudoprisca var. delicata, *Tavajzites delicata] LT64
    |--Eoschubertella Thompson 1937 LT64
    |    |--*E. lata (Lee & Chen in Lee, Chen & Chu 1930) [=Schubertella lata] LT64
    |    `--E. gallowayi LT64
    |--Fusiella Lee & Chen in Lee, Chen & Chu 1930 LT64
    |    |--*F. typica Lee & Chen in Lee, Chen & Chu 1930 LT64
    |    `--F. primaeva C40
    |--Schubertella Staff & Wedekind 1910 [incl. Depratella Ozawa 1928] LT64
    |    |--*S. transitoria Staff & Wedekind 1910 LT64
    |    |--S. giraudi (Deprat 1915) [=Neofusulinella giraudi, *Depratella giraudi] LT64
    |    |--S. kingi LT64
    |    `--S. mullerriedi Thompson & Miller 1944 LT64
    `--Codonofusiella Dunbar & Skinner 1937 LT64
         |--*C. paradoxica Dunbar & Skinner 1937 LT64
         |--C. asiatica DX84
         |--C. erki DX84
         |--C. extensa DX84
         |--C. lui DX84
         |--C. plana DX84
         |--C. primigenia DX84
         |--C. protolui Xia in Ding, Xia et al. 1984 DX84
         |--C. pseudoextensa Xia in Ding, Xia et al. 1984 DX84
         |--C. schubertellinoides VH01
         `--C. simplicata Xia in Ding, Xia et al. 1984 DX84

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[DX84] Ding Y., Xia G., Duan C., Li W., Liu X. & Liang Z. 1984. Study on the early Permian stratigraphy and fauna in Zhesi district, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (Inner Mongolia). Bulletin Tianjin Institure Geol. Min. Res. 10.

[K04] Kobayashi, F. 2004. Late Permian foraminifers from the Limestone Block in the Southern Chichibu Terrane of west Shikoku, SW Japan. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 62–70.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[VH01] Vachard, D., M. Hauser, R. Martini, L. Zaninetti, A. Matter & T. Peters. 2001. New algae and problematica of algal affinity from the Permian of the Aseelah Unit of the Batain Plain (East Oman). Geobios 34 (4): 375–404.

Staffellidae

Diagram of axial section of Nankinella, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Loeblichiidae.

The Staffellidae are a group of smaller fusulinids known from the Upper Carboniferous and Permian (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Shell small, spherical to discoidal, with umbilicate or flush axial ends; septa strongly arched forward, closely spaced, and totally unfluted from end to end; tunnel singular, bordered by distinctly asymmetrical chomata except in terminal part of last volution; walls composed of upper and lower layers that are in turn underlain and overlain by secondary deposits in most forms, except for outer part of last volution.

<==Staffellidae [Staffellacea, Staffellinae, Staffellinidae, Staffellininae]
    |--Nummulostegina Schubert 1907 LT64
    |    `--*N. velebitana Schubert 1908 LT64
    |--Pisolina Lee 1933 LT64
    |    `--*P. excessa Lee 1933 LT64
    |--Sphaerulina Lee 1933 LT64
    |    |--*S. crassispira Lee 1933 LT64
    |    `--S. ogbinensis K04
    |--Staffella Ozawa 1925 LT64
    |    |--*S. sphaerica (Abich 1859) [=Fusulina sphaerica, Fusulinella sphaerica] LT64
    |    |--S. expansa LT64
    |    `--S. moellerana Thompson 1935 LT64
    `--Nankinella Lee 1933 [incl. Hayasakaina Fujimoto & Kawada 1953] LT64
         |--*N. discoides (Lee 1931) [=Staffella discoides] LT64
         |--N. gigas C40
         |--N. kotakiensis (Fujimoto & Kawada 1953) [=*Hayasakaina kotakiensis] LT64
         |--N. minor PE02
         `--N. plummeri LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[K04] Kobayashi, F. 2004. Late Permian foraminifers from the Limestone Block in the Southern Chichibu Terrane of west Shikoku, SW Japan. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 62–70.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[PE02] Pan, H.-Z., & D. H. Erwin. 2002. Gastropods from the Permian of Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces, south China. Journal of Paleontology 76 (Memoir 56): 1–49.