Coracina

Black-faced cuckooshrike Coracina novaehollandiae, copyright Brett Donald.

Belongs within: Campephagidae.
Contains: Coracina papuensis.

Coracina, cuckooshrikes, is a genus of insectivorous birds, most diverse in insular southeast Asia and Australasia, with predominantly grey plumage and often more or less dark faces.

Coracina Vieillot 1816 CC10 [incl. Ceblepyris Cuvier 1816 B94, Graucalus Cuvier 1816 B94; Ceblepyridae, Graucalidae]
    |--+--C. cinerea JT12
    |  `--+--C. pectoralis BKB15
    |     `--+--C. caesia BKB15
    |        `--C. graueri Neumann 1908 BKB15, L03
    `--+--+--C. caeruleogrisea JT12
       |  |    |--C. c. caeruleogrisea L03
       |  |    `--C. c. adamsoni Mayr & Rand 1936 L03
       |  `--C. longicauda JT12
       `--+--C. temminckii JT12
          `--+--C. lineata (Swainson 1825) BKB15, L03 [=Paragraucalus lineatus L03]
             |    |--C. l. lineata [incl. Paragraucalus lineatus austini Mathews 1916] L03
             |    |--C. l. gracilis Mayr 1931 L03
             |    |--C. l. makirae Mayr 1935 L03
             |    |--C. l. malaitae Mayr 1931 L03
             |    `--C. l. ombriosa (Rothschild & Hartert 1905) [=Graucalus pusillus ombriosus] L03
             `--+--+--C. bicolor BKB15
                |  `--C. maxima (Rüppell 1839) JT12, L03 (see below for synonymy)
                `--+--C. boyeri JT12
                   `--+--C. atriceps BKB15
                      |--C. welchmani BKB15
                      `--+--C. novaehollandiae (Gmelin 1789) BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                         |    |--C. n. novaehollandiae [incl. C. melanops tasmanica Mathews 1911] L03
                         |    |--C. n. melanops (Latham 1802) L03 (see below for synonymy)
                         |    `--C. n. subpallida Mathews 1912 L03 [incl. C. gascoynensis Ashby 1930 WS48]
                         `--+--C. ingens (Rothschild & Hartert 1914) BKB15, L03 (see below for synonymy)
                            `--+--*C. papuensis CC10, BKB15
                               `--+--C. caledonica BKB15 [=Graucalus caledonicus S13]
                                  |    |--C. c. caledonica L03
                                  |    |--C. c. bougainvillei (Mathews 1928) [=Artamides welchmani bougainvillei] L03
                                  |    |--C. c. kulambangrae Rothschild & Hartert 1916 L03
                                  |    `--C. c. seiuncta Mayr & Ripley 1941 L03
                                  `--+--+--C. macei JT12 [=Graucalus macei L03]
                                     |  |    |--C. m. macei L03
                                     |  |    `--C. m. larvivorus (Hartert 1910) [=Graucalus macei larvivorus] L03
                                     |  `--C. striata JT12
                                     |       |--C. s. striata L03
                                     |       |--C. s. bungurensis (Hartert 1894) [=Graucalus bungurensis] L03
                                     |       |--C. s. difficilis (Hartert 1895) [=Graucalus sumatrensis difficilis] L03
                                     |       |--C. s. enganensis (Salvadori 1892) [=Graucalus enganensis] L03
                                     |       |--C. s. guillemardi (Salvadori 1886) (see below for synonymy) L03
                                     |       |--C. s. sumatrensis (Müller 1843) (see below for synonymy) L03
                                     |       `--C. s. vordermani (Hartert 1901) [=Graucalus vordermani] L03
                                     `--+--C. schistacea BKB15
                                        `--+--C. larvata BKB15
                                           |    |--C. l. larvata L03
                                           |    `--C. l. normani (Sharpe 1887) [=Graucalus normani] L03
                                           `--C. leucopygia BKB15

Coracina incertae sedis:
  ‘Ceblepyris’ cana S66
  C. fortis JT12
  C. javensis JT12
  ‘Graucalus’ lifuensis S13
  C. melas JT12
    |--C. m. melas L03
    |--C. m. goodsoni (Mathews 1928) [=Edolisoma melan goodsoni] L03
    |--C. m. meeki (Rothschild & Hartert 1903) [=Edoliisoma melas meeki] L03
    |--C. m. tommasonis (Rothschild & Hartert 1903) [=Edoliisoma melas tommasonis] L03
    `--C. m. waigeuense (Stresemann & Paludan 1932) [=Edolisoma melan waigeuense] L03
  C. parvula JT12
  C. personata JT12
    |--C. p. personata L03
    `--C. p. alfrediana (Hartert 1898) [=Graucalus floris alfredianus] L03
  C. schisticeps JT12
    |--C. s. schisticeps L03
    `--C. s. vittatum (Rothschild & Hartert 1914) [=Edolisoma schisticeps vittatum] L03

Coracina ingens (Rothschild & Hartert 1914) BKB15, L03 [=Graucalus papuensis ingens L03, C. papuensis ingens L03]

Coracina maxima (Rüppell 1839) JT12, L03 [=Ceblepyris maxima WS48, Pteropodocys maxima WS48; incl. Pteropodocys maxima neglecta Mathews 1912 L03, P. maxima pallida Mathews 1912 L03]

Coracina novaehollandiae (Gmelin 1789) BKB15, CC10 [=Turdus novaehollandiae CC10; incl. Colluricincla concinna Hutton 1871 CC10, Graucalus concinnus CC10]

Coracina novaehollandiae melanops (Latham 1802) L03 [=Corvus melanops WS48, Graucalus melanops CC10; incl. Coracina novaehollandiae connectens Mathews 1912 L03, Coracina novaehollandiae didimus Mathews 1912 L03, Coracina novaehollandiae kuehni Hartert 1916 L03, Coracina novaehollandiae westralensis Mathews 1912 L03]

Coracina striata guillemardi (Salvadori 1886) [=Graucalus guillemardi, Artamides guillemardi] L03

Coracina striata sumatrensis (Müller 1843) [incl. Graucalus crissalis Salvadori 1894] L03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[L03] LeCroy, M. 2003. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 278: 1–156.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[S66] Schlegel, H. 1866. Communication from, on mammals and birds collected in Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 419–426.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Lalage

Male white-winged triller Lalage sueurii, copyright David Cook.

Belongs within: Campephagidae.
Contains: Lalage leucomela, Lalage maculosa.

Lalage, the trillers, is a genus of small insectivorous birds, found in southern Asia and Australasia, that are commonly patterned in black, grey and white.

Lalage Boie 1826 [incl. Diaphoropterus Oberholser 1899, Symmorphus Gould 1838 non Wesmael 1836] CC10
    |  i. s.: L. aurea JT12
    |         L. banksiana S13
    |         L. moesta JT12
    |         ‘Diaphoropterus’ naevius S13
    |           |--D. n. naevius S13
    |           `--D. n. simillimus Sarasin 1913 S13
    |--+--+--L. atrovirens BKB15
    |  |  `--L. leucomela JT12
    |  `--+--L. maculosa BKB15
    |     `--+--L. sharpei Rothschild 1900 JT12, L03
    |        |    |--L. s. sharpei L03
    |        |    `--L. s. tenebrosa Mayr & Ripley 1941 L03
    |        `--+--L. tricolor (Swainson 1825) BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    |           `--+--L. leucopyga (Gould 1838) BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    |              |    |--L. l. leucopyga L03
    |              |    |--L. l. albiloris Mayr & Ripley 1941 L03
    |              |    `--L. l. deficiens Mayr & Ripley 1941 L03
    |              `--L. sueurii (Vieillot 1818) BKB15, WS48 [=Turdus sueurii WS48]
    `--+--L. melanoleuca BKB15
       `--+--L. leucopygialis JT12
          `--+--L. nigra BKB15 [incl. Turdus orientalis CC10, *L. orientalis CC10]
             `--+--+--‘Coracina’ newtoni JT12
                |  `--‘Coracina’ typica JT12
                `--+--‘Coracina’ melanoptera BKB15
                   `--+--‘Coracina’ melaschistos BKB15
                      `--+--‘Coracina’ fimbriata BKB15
                         `--‘Coracina’ polioptera JT12

Lalage leucopyga (Gould 1838) BKB15, CC10 [=*Symmorphus leucopygus CC10, *Diaphoropterus leucopygus CC10, Lalage naevia leucopyga CC10; incl. Campephaga longicaudata Pelzeln 1860 CC10]

Lalage tricolor (Swainson 1825) BKB15, L03 [=Ceblepyris tricolor CC10, L. sueurii tricolor WS48; incl. L. tricolor indistincta Mathews 1912 L03, Karua leucomela mayi Ashby 1914 L03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[L03] LeCroy, M. 2003. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 278: 1–156.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Myiagra

Female leaden flycatcher Myiagra rubecula, copyright Aviceda.

Belongs within: Monarchidae.

Myiagra is a genus of flycatchers found in Australasia, members of which have blue or blue-black, crested crowns, often with blue upperparts and pale underparts.

<==Myiagra Vigors & Horsfield 1827 CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    |--+--M. alecto JT12
    |  |    |--M. a. alecto J06
    |  |    |--M. a. chalybeocephala J06
    |  |    |--M. a. longirostris J06
    |  |    |--M. a. melvillensis [incl. M. a. nitida] M03
    |  |    `--M. a. wardelli M03
    |  `--M. hebetior JT12
    `--+--+--M. caledonica JT12 [incl. M. perspicillata S13]
       |  |    |--M. c. caledonica S13
       |  |    |--M. c. mareensis Sarasin 1913 S13
       |  |    |--M. c. uveaensis Sarasin 1913 S13
       |  |    `--M. c. viridinitens [incl. M. intermedia, M. luguieri] S13
       |  `--M. cyanoleuca (Vieillot 1818) BKB15, CC10 [=Platyrhynchos cyanoleucus CC10, Submyiagra cyanoleuca CC10]
       `--+--M. inquieta (Latham 1801) BKB15, WS48 [=Turdus inquietus WS48, Seisura inquieta WS48]
          |    |--M. i. inquieta [incl. Seisura inqueita westralensis Mathews 1912] WS48
          |    `--M. i. nana (Gould 1870) M03, WS48 [=Seisura nana WS48; incl. S. inquieta rogersi Mathews 1921 WS48]
          `--+--M. ferrocyanea BKB15
             `--M. rubecula (Latham 1801) BKB15, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                  |--M. r. rubecula [incl. M. r. okryi, M. r. yorki] M03
                  `--M. r. concinna M03

Myiagra incertae sedis:
  M. albiventris JT12
  M. atra JT12
  M. azureocapilla JT12
  M. cervinicauda JT12
  M. erythrops JT12
  M. freycineti FR98
  M. galeata JT12
  M. melanura S13
  M. oceanica JT12
  M. plumbea R87
  M. pluto JT12
  M. ruficollis (Vieillot 1818) WS48 (see below for synonymy)
  M. vanikorensis JT12 [=Platyrhynchos vanikorensis CC10, *Submyiagra vanikorensis CC10]

Myiagra Vigors & Horsfield 1827 CC10 [incl. Seisura Vigors & Horsfield 1827 B94, Submyiagra Mathews 1913 CC10; Seisuridae]

Myiagra rubecula (Latham 1801) BKB15, WS48 [=Todus rubecula WS48; incl. M. rubecula broomei Mathews 1912 WS48, *M. rubeculoides CC10]

Myiagra ruficollis (Vieillot 1818) WS48 [=Platyrhynchos ruficollis WS48; incl. M. latirostris tormenti Mathews 1912 WS48, M. alecto tormenti M03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[FR98] Fritts, T. H., & G. H. Rodda. 1998. The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: a case history of Guam. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 113–140.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[J06] Johnstone, R. E. 2006. The birds of Gag Island, Western Papuan islands, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 115–132.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[R87] Ramsay, E. P. 1887. List of Western Australian birds collected by Mr. Cairn, and Mr. W. H. Boyer-Bower, at Derby and its vicinity, with remarks on the species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1085–1100.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Monarcha

Black-faced monarch Monarcha melanopsis, copyright David Cook.

Belongs within: Monarchidae.

Monarcha is a genus of monarch flycatchers, commonly with dark upperparts and rufous underparts, found in Australasia.

<==Monarcha Vigors & Horsfield 1827 CC10
    |--+--M. godeffroyi BKB15
    |  `--M. takatsukasae BKB15 [=Metabolus takatsukasae OF19]
    `--+--Metabolus rugensis BKB15
       `--+--M. cinerascens BKB15
          `--+--+--M. castaneiventris BKB15
             |  `--M. richardsii JT12
             `--+--M. frater BKB15
                `--M. melanopsis (Vieillot 1818) BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                     |--M. m. melanopsis M03
                     `--M. m. pallida M03

Monarcha incertae sedis:
  M. albiventris Gould 1866 G66 [=M. trivirgatus albiventris M03, Piezorhynchus albiventris R87]
  M. alecto (Temminck 1827) [=Drymophila alecto] WS48
    |--M. a. alecto WS48
    `--M. a. nitidus (Gould 1840) [=Piezorhynchus nitidus; incl. M. alicto tormenti Mathews 1912] WS48
  M. boanensis JT12
  M. brehmii JT12
  M. browni JT12
  M. castus JT12
  M. erythrostictus JT12
  M. everetti JT12
  M. infelix JT12
  M. julianae JT12
  M. leucurus JT12
  M. loricatus JT12
  M. menckei JT12
  M. pileatus JT12
  M. sacerdotum JT12
  M. viduus JT12

Monarcha melanopsis (Vieillot 1818) BKB15, CC10 [=Muscicapa melanopsis CC10; incl. Muscipeta carinata CC10, *Monarcha carinata CC10]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[G66] Gould, J. 1866. Additions to the list of the avifauna of Australia, with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 217–218.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[OF19] Oliveros, C. H., D. J. Field, D. T. Ksepka, F. K. Barker, A. Aleixo, M. J. Andersen, P. Alström, B. W. Benz, E. L. Braun, M. J. Braun, G. A. Bravo, R. T. Brumfield, R. T. Chesser, S. Claramunt, J. Cracraft, A. M. Cuervo, E. P. Derryberry, T. C. Glenn, M. G. Harvey, P. A. Hosner, L. Joseph, R. T. Kimball, A. L. Mack, C. M. Miskelly, A. T. Peterson, M. B. Robbins, F. H. Sheldon, L. F. Silveira, B. T. Smith, N. D. White, R. G. Moyle & B. C. Faircloth. 2019. Earth history and the passerine superradiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 116 (16): 7916–7925.

[R87] Ramsay, E. P. 1887. Descriptions of Australian birds' eggs. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1141–1152, pl. 19.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Artamus

White-breasted woodswallow Artamus leucorynchus, copyright T. R. Shankar Raman.

Belongs within: Corvides.

Artamus, the woodswallows, is a genus of plump, highly aerial birds with long, pointed wings found in southern Asia and Australasia.

Artamus Vieillot 1816 CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    |  i. s.: A. fuscus JT12
    |         A. insignis JT12
    |         ‘Lanius’ leucogaster [=Ocypterus leucogaster] W66
    |         A. maximus JT12
    |         A. melanoleucus S13
    |         A. mentalis JT12
    |         A. monachus JT12
    |         A. papuensis [=Ocypterus papuensis] W66
    |--+--A. personatus (Gould 1841) BKB15, CC10 [=Ocypterus personatus CC10]
    |  `--A. superciliosus (Gould 1837) BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    `--+--+--*A. leucorynchus (Linnaeus 1771) CC10, BKB15, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
       |  |    |--A. l. leucorynchus WS48
       |  |    `--A. l. leucopygialis Gould 1842 [incl. A. leucorhynchus harterti Mathews 1912] WS48
       |  `--A. cyanopterus (Latham 1801) BKB15, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
       `--+--A. cinereus Vieillot 1817 BKB15, WS48
          |    |--A. c. cinereus WS48
          |    |--A. c. albiventris [incl. A. c. dealbatus, A. c. normani] M03
          |    |--A. c. melanops Gould 1865 [incl. A. tregallasi Mathews 1911] WS48
          |    `--A. c. venustus Sharpe 1878 WS48
          `--A. minor Vieillot 1817 BKB15, WS48 [incl. A. minor derbyi Mathews 1912 WS48]

Artamus Vieillot 1816 CC10 [incl. Leptopteryx Horsfield 1821 B94, Ocypterus Cuvier 1816 B94; Leptopterygidae, Ocypteridae]

Artamus cyanopterus (Latham 1801) BKB15, WS48 [=Loxia cyanoptera WS48; incl. Angroyan cyanopterus perthi Mathews 1915 WS48, Artamus cyanopterus perthi M03]

*Artamus leucorynchus (Linnaeus 1771) CC10, BKB15, WS48 [=Lanius leucorhynchus CC10, Leptopteryx leucorhynchus W66; incl. L. dominicanus W66, L. manillensis W66]

Artamus superciliosus (Gould 1837) BKB15, CC10 [=Ocypterus superciliosus CC10; incl. Campbellornis superciliosus pallida Mathews 1916 WS48]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[W66] Walden, A. 1866. Notes on birds collected in Tennasserim and in the Andaman Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 537–556.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Cracticidae

Pied butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis, photographed by Michael Schmid.

Belongs within: Corvides.

The Cracticidae include the butcherbirds and currawongs, relatively large omnivorous passerines found in Australia and New Guinea. Cracticids are often strikingly coloured, and are noted for their songs. The currawongs of the genus Strepera are generally larger and more elongate in body form than other members of the family.

Characters (from the Internet Bird Collection): Medium-sized to large passerines, most with longish wings, long tail, long and generally stout bill with hooked tip, ground-foraging species short-tailed; plumage black and white, sometimes with grey.

Cracticidae [Cracticinae, Streperidae] JT12
    |--Strepera Lesson 1831 JT12, B94 [Streperinae]
    |    |--S. cuneicaudata B08
    |    |--S. fuliginosa JT12
    |    |--S. graculina JT12
    |    |    |--S. g. graculina [incl. S. g. nebulosa, S. g. robinsoni] M03
    |    |    |--S. g. crissalis M03
    |    |    `--S. g. magnirostris M03
    |    `--S. versicolor (Latham 1801) [=Corvus versicolor] WS48
    |         |--S. v. versicolor WS48
    |         |--S. v. arguta M03
    |         |--S. v. halmaturina M03
    |         |--S. v. intermedia M03
    |         |--S. v. melanoptera M03
    |         `--S. v. plumbea Gould 1846 WS48
    `--+--Gymnorhina Gray 1840 BKB15, CC10 [Gymnorhininae]
       |    |--*G. tibicen (Latham 1802) CC10 [=Coracias tibicen CC10, Cracticus tibicen CC10]
       |    |    |--G. t. tibicen [incl. G. t. terraereginae] M03
       |    |    |--G. t. eylandtensis M03
       |    |    |--G. t. hypoleuca (Gould 1837) [=Cracticus hypoleucus] CC10
       |    |    |--G. t. leuconota Gould 1844 M03, CC10
       |    |    `--G. t. longirostris Milligan 1903 WS48
       |    `--G. dorsalis Campbell 1894 WS48 [=G. tibicen dorsalis M03, Cracticus tibicen dorsalis SJ85]
       `--Cracticus Vieillot 1816 BKB15, B94 [incl. Barita Cuvier 1816 B94; Baritidae, Baritinae]
            |--C. cassicus JT12
            |--‘Barita’ destructor B66
            |--C. louisiadensis JT12
            |--C. mentalis JT12
            |--C. nigrogularis (Gould 1837) WS48 (see below for synonymy)
            |--C. quoyi BKB15
            |    |--C. q. quoyi M03
            |    |--C. q. alecto M03
            |    |--C. q. jardini M03
            |    |--C. q. rufescens M03
            |    `--C. q. spaldingi M03
            |--C. robustus R87
            `--C. torquatus (Latham 1801) [=Lanius torquatus] WS48
                 |--C. t. torquatus WS48
                 |--C. t. argenteus Gould 1840 WS48
                 |--C. t. cinereus M03
                 |--C. t. colletti M03
                 |--C. t. latens Ford 1979 PCC13
                 `--C. t. leucopterus Gould 1848 WS48

Cracticus nigrogularis (Gould 1837) WS48 [=Vanga nigrogularis WS48; incl. C. nigrogularis coongani Mathews 1923 WS48, C. nigrogularis kalgoorli Mathews 1912 WS48, C. nigrogularis picatus M03, C. nigrogularis tormenti Mathews 1912 WS48]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B66] Bartlett, A. D. 1866. Notes on the breeding of several species of birds in the Society's gardens during the year 1865. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 76–79.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[B08] Brittlebank, C. C. 1908. The life-history of Loranthus exocarpi Behr. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 650–656, pls 15–20.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[PCC13] Pearson, D. J., M. A. Cowan & W. Caton. 2013. The avifauna of larger islands along the Kimberley coast, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 125–144.

[R87] Ramsay, E. P. 1887. List of Western Australian birds collected by Mr. Cairn, and Mr. W. H. Boyer-Bower, at Derby and its vicinity, with remarks on the species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1085–1100.

[SJ85] Storr, G. M., & R. E. Johnstone. 1985. Field Guide to the Birds of Western Australia 2^nd ed. Western Australian Museum: Perth (Australia).

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 24 July 2019.

Monarchidae

African paradise flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis, photographed by L. Harding.

Belongs within: Corvoidea.
Contains: Myiagra, Monarcha.

The Monarchidae include the monarch flycatchers, insectivorous birds found in Africa, southern Asia and Australasia. In its current sense, the group is primarily supported by molecular data, but most species have broad, flat, ridged bills, relatively long wings, and small legs and feet. The Australasian mudlarks of the genus Grallina are longer-legged birds with contrasting black and white plumage whose vernacular name refers to their construction of nests from mud.

<==Monarchidae [Monarchinae, Myiagridae]
    |  i. s.: Eutrichomyias rowleyi JT12
    |--+--Trochocercus JT12
    |  |    |--T. cyanomelas JT12
    |  |    `--T. nitens JT12
    |  `--+--Hypothymis BKB15
    |     |    |--H. azurea BKB15
    |     |    |--H. coelestis JT12
    |     |    `--H. helenae BKB15
    |     `--Terpsiphone Gloger 1827 BKB15, B94 (see below for synonymy)
    |          |  i. s.: T. affinis M01
    |          |         T. atrocaudata JT12
    |          |         T. atrochalybeia JT12
    |          |         T. bedfrordi JT12
    |          |         T. bourbonnensis JT12 [=Tschitraea borbonica S66]
    |          |         T. corvina JT12
    |          |         T. cyanescens JT12
    |          |         T. cyanomelas JT12
    |          |         T. incii (Gould 1852) M01 (see below for synonymy)
    |          |         T. mutata JT12 [=Tschitraea mutata S66]
    |          |         T. rufiventer JT12
    |          |         T. rufocinerea JT12
    |          |         T. smithii JT12
    |          |--T. cinnamomea JT12
    |          `--+--T. paradisi JT12
    |             `--T. viridis JT12
    `--+--+--Myiagra BKB15
       |  `--Grallina Vieillot 1816 BKB15, B94 [Grallinidae]
       |       |--G. bruijni JT12
       |       `--G. cyanoleuca (Latham 1802) CC10 (see below for synonymy)
       `--+--Arses BKB15
          |    |--A. insularis JT12
          |    |--A. kaupi JT12
          |    `--A. telescophthalmus JT12
          `--+--Symposiachrus BKB15
             |    |--+--S. manadensis BKB15 [=Monarcha manadensis JT12]
             |    |  `--+--S. axillaris BKB15 [=Monarcha axillaris BKB15]
             |    |     `--‘Monarcha’ rubiensis JT12
             |    `--+--S. barbatus BKB15 [=Monarcha barbatus JT12]
             |       `--+--‘Monarcha’ mundus JT12
             |          `--+--S. guttula BKB15 [=Monarcha guttula JT12]
             |             `--S. trivirgatus BKB15 [=Monarcha trivirgatus JT12, Piezorhynchus trivirgata R87]
             |                  |--S. t. trivirgatus M03
             |                  `--‘Monarcha’ t. gouldii M03 [=Piezorhynchus gouldii R87]
             `--+--Carterornis BKB15
                |    |--C. chrysomela BKB15 [=Monarcha chrysomela JT12]
                |    `--C. leucotis BKB15 [=Monarcha leucotis JT12]
                `--+--‘Pomarea’ nigra BKB15
                   |    |--P. n. nigra FP64
                   |    `--P. n. tabuensis FP64
                   `--+--‘Pomarea’ dimidiata BKB15
                      `--+--Chasiempis BKB15
                         |    |--C. ibidis HSS13
                         |    `--C. sandwichensis JT12
                         `--+--Monarcha BKB15
                            `--+--Pomarea BKB15
                               |    |  i. s.: P. fluxa HSS13
                               |    |         P. mira HSS13
                               |    |         P. nukuhivae HSS13
                               |    |         P. pomarea HSS13 [=P. nigra pomarea FP64]
                               |    |--P. mendozae JT12
                               |    |    |--P. m. mendozae HSS13
                               |    |    `--P. motanensis HSS13
                               |    `--+--P. iphis JT12
                               |       `--P. whitneyi JT12
                               `--+--Neolalage banksiana JT12
                                  `--+--Mayrornis JT12
                                     |    |--M. lessoni JT12
                                     |    |--M. schistaceus JT12
                                     |    `--M. versicolor JT12
                                     `--Clytorhynchus JT12
                                          |--C. hamlini JT12
                                          |--C. nigrogularis JT12
                                          |--C. pachycephaloides JT12
                                          |--C. sanctaecrucis JT12
                                          `--C. vitiensis JT12

Inorganic: Terpsiphone atrocaudata minilorientalis Okamura 1987 O87

Grallina cyanoleuca (Latham 1802) CC10 [=Corvus cyanoleucus CC10; incl. Tanypus australis Oppel 1812 CC10, Grallina australis CC10, G. cyanoleuca neglecta Mathews 1912 WS48]

Terpsiphone Gloger 1827 BKB15, B94 [incl. Muscipeta Cuvier 1817 B94, Tchitrea Lesson 1830 B94; Muscipetidae, Tchitreidae, Terpsiphonidae]

Terpsiphone incii (Gould 1852) M01 [=Muscipeta incii M01, Tchitrea incei M01, Terpsiphone paradisi incei VP89]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[HSS13] Hirschfeld, E., A. Swash & R. Still. 2013. The World's Rarest Birds. Princeton University Press: Princeton (New Jersey).

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M01] Madarász, J. 1901. Madarak [Vögel]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 21–39. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[O87] Okamura, C. 1987. New facts: Homo and all Vertebrata were born simultaneously in the former Paleozoic in Japan. Original Report of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory 15: 347–573.

[R87] Ramsay, E. P. 1887. Descriptions of Australian birds' eggs. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1141–1152, pl. 19.

[S66] Schlegel, H. 1866. Communication from, on mammals and birds collected in Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 419–426.

[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5^th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 24 July 2019.

Rhipidura

Arafura fantail Rhipidura dryas, photographed by Josep del Hoyo.

Belongs within: Corvoidea.

Rhipidura includes the fantails, small insectivorous birds found in Australasia and southern Asia. Fantails have long rounded tails that are often held fanned out (hence the vernacular name); they also have the wings characteristically drooped and held away from the body when not in flight. The willie wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys is a particularly large and distinctive member of the genus, with black upperparts, white underparts and a white stripe above the eye.

<==Rhipidura Vigors & Horsfield 1827 [incl. Leucocerca Strickland 1841, Leucocirca Swainson 1838; Rhipidurinae] CC10
    |--+--R. nigrocinnamomea BKB15
    |  `--+--R. cyaniceps JT12
    |     `--R. superciliaris JT12
    `--+--+--R. atra BKB15
       |  `--+--R. perlata JT12
       |     `--+--R. fuscorufa BKB15
       |        `--+--R. cockerelli BKB15
       |           `--R. rufiventris (Vieillot 1818) BKB15, WS48 [=Platyrhynchos rufiventris WS48]
       |                |--R. r. rufiventris WS48
       |                |--R. r. gularis J06
       |                `--R. r. isura Gould 1840 [incl. R. setora (l. c.) tormenti Mathews 1912] WS48
       `--+--+--+--R. diluta BKB15
          |  |  `--+--R. leucothorax BKB15
          |  |     `--R. threnothorax JT12
          |  `--+--R. leucophrys (Latham 1802) BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
          |     |    |--R. l. leucophrys WS48
          |     |    |--R. l. carteri (Mathews 1921) [=Leucocirca leucophrys carteri] WS48
          |     |    |--R. l. melaleuca J06
          |     |    `--R. l. picata Gould 1848 WS48
          |     `--+--R. javanica JT12
          |        `--+--R. albicollis JT12
          |           `--R. aureola JT12
          `--+--+--R. rufidorsa BKB15
             |  `--+--R. brachyrhyncha BKB15
             |     `--+--R. dahli BKB15
             |        `--+--R. teysmanni JT12
             |           `--+--R. dryas Gould 1842 BKB15, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
             |              `--R. rufifrons (Latham 1801) BKB15, WS48 [=Muscicapa rufifrons WS48]
             |                   |--R. r. rufifrons M03
             |                   `--R. r. intermedia M03
             `--+--+--R. albolimbata JT12
                |  `--R. hyperythra JT12
                `--+--R. spilodera BKB15
                   `--+--+--R. tenebrosa JT12
                      |  `--R. verreauxi JT12
                      `--+--R. rennelliana BKB15
                         `--+--R. albiscapa Gould 1840 BKB15, CC10 [=R. fuliginosa albiscapa M03]
                            |    |--R. a. albiscapa CC10
                            |    |--R. a. alisteri Mathews 1911 CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                            |    `--R. a. pelzelni Gray 1862 (see below for synonymy) CC10
                            `--+--R. phasiana BKB15 [=R. fuliginosa phasiana SJ85]
                               `--R. fuliginosa (Sparrman 1787) BKB15, CC10 [=Muscicapa fuliginosa CC10]
                                    |--R. f. fuliginosa (see below for synonymy) CC10
                                    |--R. f. albicauda M03
                                    |--R. f. keasti M03
                                    |--R. f. penita Bangs 1911 (see below for synonymy) CC10
                                    |--R. f. placabilis Bangs 1921 (see below for synonymy) CC10
                                    `--R. f. preissi Cabanis 1851 [incl. R. flabellifera subphasiana Mathews 1912] WS48

Rhipidura incertae sedis:
  R. bulgeri S13
  R. cervina M03
  R. dedemi JT12
  R. drownei JT12
    |--R. d. drownei ANM14
    `--R. d. ocularis ANM14
  R. euryura JT12
  R. kubaryi JT12
  R. lepida JT12
  R. maculipectus JT12
  R. malaitae JT12
  R. matthiae JT12
  R. motacilloides R87b
  R. nebulosa JT12
  R. opistherythra JT12
  ‘Leucocerca’ pectoralis B66
  R. personata JT12
  R. phoenicura JT12
  R. semirubra JT12
  R. setosa R87a
  R. superflua JT12

Rhipidura albiscapa alisteri Mathews 1911 CC10 [=R. fuliginosa alisteri M03; incl. Motacilla caerulescens Latham 1802 CC10, Zosterops caerulescens CC10]

Rhipidura albiscapa pelzelni Gray 1862 [=R. flabellifera pelzelni, R. fuliginosa pelzelni, R. assimilis Pelzeln 1860 non Gray 1858] CC10

Rhipidura dryas Gould 1842 BKB15, WS48 [=R. rufifrons dryas WS48; incl. R. rufifrons parryi Mathews 1912 WS48]

Rhipidura fuliginosa fuliginosa (Sparrman 1787) [incl. Muscicapa deserti Gmelin 1789, Mu. flabellifera Gmelin 1789, *Rhipidura flabellifera, R. melanura Gray in Dieffenbach 1843, Leucocerca melanura, R. sombre Hombron & Jacquinot in Dumont d’Urville 1853, R. tristis Hombron & Jacquinot in Dumont d’Urville 1853, Mostacilla (l. c. for Motacilla) ventilabrum Forster 1794, Muscicapa ventilabrum] CC10

Rhipidura fuliginosa penita Bangs 1911 [=R. flabillifera (l. c.) penitus, R. flabellifera penitus, R. fuliginosa penitus] CC10

Rhipidura fuliginosa placabilis Bangs 1921 [=R. flabellifera placabilis, R. flabellifera kempi Mathews & Iredale 1913 non R. rufifrons kempi Mathews 1912, R. flabellifera melandae Mathews 1926] CC10

Rhipidura leucophrys (Latham 1802) BKB15, CC10 [=Turdus leucophrys CC10, Leucocirca leucophrys CC10; incl. *L. laticauda CC10]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ANM14] Andersen, M. J., A. Naikatani & R. G. Moyle. 2014. A molecular phylogeny of Pacific honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae) reveals extensive paraphyly and an isolated Polynesian radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 308–315.

[B66] Bulger, G. E. 1866. List of birds observed at Wellington, Neilgherry Hills, about 6000 feet above the level of the sea, during the months of April and May, 1866. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 568–571.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[J06] Johnstone, R. E. 2006. The birds of Gag Island, Western Papuan islands, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 115–132.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[R87a] Ramsay, E. P. 1887a. List of Western Australian birds collected by Mr. Cairn, and Mr. W. H. Boyer-Bower, at Derby and its vicinity, with remarks on the species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1085–1100.

[R87b] Ramsay, E. P. 1887b. Descriptions of Australian birds' eggs. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1141–1152, pl. 19.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[SJ85] Storr, G. M., & R. E. Johnstone. 1985. Field Guide to the Birds of Western Australia 2^nd ed. Western Australian Museum: Perth (Australia).

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 24 July 2019.

Pachycephalidae

Grey shrikethrush Colluricincla harmonica, copyright Sammy Sam.

Belongs within: Corvides.
Contains: Pacycephala.

The Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers and shrike-thrushes, stout-bodied insectivorous birds found in Australasia and southeast Asia. In its current circumscription, the group is primarily supported by molecular data. The shrikethrushes of the genus Colluricincla are relatively slender-bodied members of the family with generally grey or brown plumage.

See also: Whistling for whistlers.

Pachycephalidae
    |--+--Melanorectes nigrescens JF11 [=Pitohui nigrescens JT12]
    |  `--+--‘Colluricincla’ sanghirensis BKB15 [=Coracornis sanghirensis JF11]
    |     `--+--Coracornis raveni BKB15 [=Colluricincla raveni JF11]
    |        `--Pachycephala JT12
    `--+--+--‘Pitohui’ ferrugineus JT12
       |  `--‘Pitohui’ incertus JT12
       `--Colluricincla JT12
            |  i. s.: C. brunnea Gould 1840 WS48 (see below for synonymy)
            |         C. ferrugineus JF11
            |         C. parvula Gould 1845 WS48 (see below for synonymy)
            |         C. rufiventris Gould 1840 WS48 (see below for synonymy)
            |--C. megarhyncha JT12
            |    |--C. m. megarhyncha M03
            |    `--C. m. rufogaster M03
            `--+--C. woodwardi Hartert 1905 BKB15, WS48 [incl. C. woodwardi assimilis Mathews 1914 WS48]
               |    |--C. w. woodwardi M03
               |    `--C. w. didimus M03
               `--+--C. boweri BKB15
                  `--C. harmonica BKB15
                       |--C. h. harmonica M03
                       |--C. h. halmaturina M03
                       |--C. h. kolichisi M03
                       |--C. h. pallescens M03
                       |--C. h. strigata M03
                       |--C. h. superciliosa M03
                       `--C. h. whitei M03

Colluricincla brunnea Gould 1840 WS48 [=C. harmonica brunnea M03; incl. C. brunnea julietae Mathews 1942 WS48, C. brunnea parryi Mathews 1912 WS48, C. brunnea roebucki Mathews 1912 WS48]

Colluricincla parvula Gould 1845 WS48 [=C. megarhyncha parvula M03; incl. C. parvula conigravi Mathews 1912 WS48]

Colluricincla rufiventris Gould 1840 WS48 [=C. harmonica rufiventris M03; incl. C. rufiventris carteri Mathews 1923 WS48, C. rufiventris murchisoni Mathews 1912 WS48, C. harmonica murchisonii M03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[JF11] Jønsson, K. A., P.-H. Fabre, R. E. Ricklefs & J. Fjeldså. 2011. Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto-Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (6): 2328–2333.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 24 July 2019.

Corvidae

Common jay Garrulus glandarius, from here.

Belongs within: Corvoidea.
Contains: Corvus, Cyanocorax.

The Corvidae, crows, jays and magpies, are relatively large omnivorous passerines found worldwide. Historically, the family has been divided between the primarily black 'Corvinae' and the more colourful 'Garrulinae' but more recent analyses have not supported monophyly of either subgroup. The choughs of the genus Pyrrhocorax are two species with solidly black plumage but brightly coloured bill and feet found in alpine regions of Eurasia. Dendrocitta, the treepies, are long-tailed corvids with black, grey and rufous plumage found in tropical parts of Asia.

Characters (from Austin 1961): Bill strong, unnotched; nostrils usually covered by forward-directed bristles. Wings with ten primaries. Legs large and strong; tarsi scaled in front, smooth behind, terminating in a ridge.

<==Corvidae [Corvinae, Garrulinae, Monedulidae]
    |  i. s.: Cissilopha melanocyanea FS55
    |           |--C. m. melanocyanea FS55
    |           `--C. m. chavezi FS55
    |         Psilorhinus Rüppell 1837 B94
    |         Physocorax moneduloides S13
    |         Gazzola typica S13
    |--Miocitta galbreathi Brodkorb 1972 JM14, U93
    `--+--+--Pyrrhocorax Tunstall 1771 BKB15, M02 [incl. Fregilus Cuvier 1816 B94; Fregilidae, Pyrrhocoracidae]
       |  |    |--P. graculus (Linnaeus 1766) (see below for synonymy) M02
       |  |    `--P. pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy) M02
       |  `--+--Dendrocitta Gould 1833 BKB15, B94 [Dendrocittidae]
       |     |    |--D. bayleyi JT12
       |     |    |--D. formosae BKB15
       |     |    |--D. frontalis JT12
       |     |    |--D. himalayensis S89
       |     |    |--D. leucogastra JT12
       |     |    |--D. occipitalis JT12
       |     |    `--D. vagabunda JT12
       |     `--+--+--Platysmurus leucopterus BKB15
       |        |  `--Temnurus Lesson 1831 BKB15, B94 [Temnuridae]
       |        |       `--T. temnurus BKB15
       |        `--Crypsirina Vieillot 1816 BKB15, CC10 [=Cryptorhina Wagler 1827 CC10; Crypsirinidae]
       |             |--C. cucullata JT12
       |             |--C. formosae VP89
       |             |    |--C. f. formosae VP89
       |             |    `--C. f. sinica VP89
       |             |--C. temia BKB15
       |             `--C. varians (Lath. 1790) [=Corvus varians] W66
       `--+--+--Cissa Boie 1826 BKB15, B94 [Cissidae]
          |  |    |--C. chinensis BKB15
          |  |    |--C. hypoleuca JT12
          |  |    |--C. jefferyi HSS13
          |  |    |--C. ornata A61
          |  |    `--C. thalassina JT12
          |  `--Urocissa BKB15
          |       |--U. caerulea JT12
          |       |--U. erythrorhyncha (Gmel. 1788) [=Corvus erythrorhynchus; incl. U. sinensis Dav. & Oust. 1877] M01
          |       |--U. flavirostris JT12
          |       |--U. ornata JT12
          |       `--U. whiteheadi JT12
          `--+--+--Cyanopica BKB15
             |  |    |--C. cooki BKB15
             |  |    `--C. cyanus BKB15
             |  `--Perisoreus BKB15
             |       |--P. canadensis BKB15
             |       `--+--P. infaustus (Linné 1766) BKB15, M01 [=Lanius infaustus M01]
             |          `--P. internigrans BKB15
             `--+--+--Corvus BKB15
                |  `--+--+--Zavattariornis Moltoni 1938 BKB15, B94 [Zavattariornithidae]
                |     |  |    `--Z. stresemanni BKB15
                |     |  `--Pica Brisson 1760 BKB15, M02 [Picacidae]
                |     |       |--+--P. hudsonia BKB15
                |     |       |  `--P. nuttalli BKB15
                |     |       `--P. pica (Linnaeus 1758) BKB15, M02 [=Corvus pica M02]
                |     |            |--P. p. pica I92
                |     |            `--P. p. sericea Gould 1845 I92
                |     `--+--+--Ptilostomus afer BKB15
                |        |  `--Podoces BKB15
                |        |       |--P. biddulphi BKB15
                |        |       |--P. hendersoni BKB15
                |        |       |--P. panderi JT12
                |        |       `--P. pleskei JT12
                |        `--Garrulus Brisson 1760 BKB15, M02
                |             |--G. brandti Eversm. 1874 M01 [=G. glandarius brandtii T89]
                |             |--G. glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) [=Corvus glandarius] M02
                |             |    |--G. g. glandarius VP89
                |             |    `--G. g. sinensis VP89
                |             |--G. lanceolatus JT12
                |             |--G. leucotis S89
                |             `--G. lidthi Bonaparte 1850 I92
                `--+--Cyanolyca BKB15
                   |    |--+--+--C. argentigula BKB15
                   |    |  |  `--C. pumilo BKB15
                   |    |  `--+--C. mirabilis BKB15
                   |    |     `--C. nana JT12
                   |    `--+--+--C. cucullata BKB15
                   |       |  `--C. pulchra BKB15
                   |       `--+--C. armillata BKB15
                   |          `--+--C. turcosa BKB15
                   |             `--C. viridicyanus BKB15
                   `--+--Cyanocorax BKB15
                      `--+--Cyanocitta Strickland 1845 BKB15, B94 [Cyanocittidae]
                         |    |--C. cristata B62
                         |    |    |--C. c. cristata B62
                         |    |    |--C. c. bromia B62
                         |    |    `--C. c. burleighi Bond 1962 B62
                         |    |--C. stelleri BKB15
                         |    `--C. ultramarina FP64
                         `--+--Gymnorhinus Maximillian 1841 BKB15, C84
                            |    `--G. cyanocephalus BKB15
                            `--Aphelocoma Cabanis 1851 BKB15, B94 [Aphelocomidae]
                                 |--A. unicolor BKB15
                                 `--+--+--A. wollweberi BKB15
                                    |  `--+--A. potosina BKB15
                                    |     `--A. ultramarina BKB15
                                    `--+--+--A. coerulescens BKB15
                                       |  `--A. insularis BKB15
                                       `--+--A. californica BKB15
                                          `--+--A. sumichrasti BKB15
                                             `--A. woodhouseii BKB15

Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linnaeus 1766) [=Corvus graculus; incl. P. graculus vetus Kretzoi in Mourer-Chauviré 1975] M02

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus 1758) [=Upupa pyrrhocorax; incl. P. pyrrhocorax primigenius Milne-Edwards 1875] M02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[B62] Bond, G. M. 1962. A new blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) from Newfoundland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 205–206.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[C84] Compagno, L. J. V. 1984. FAO Species Catalogue vol. 4. Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2—Carcharhiniformes. United Nations Development Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

[FS55] Felten, H., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Zur Vogelfauna von El Salvador. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (1–2): 9–19.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[HSS13] Hirschfeld, E., A. Swash & R. Still. 2013. The World's Rarest Birds. Princeton University Press: Princeton (New Jersey).

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[JM14] Jarvis, E. D., S. Mirarab, A. J. Aberer, B. Li, P. Houde, C. Li, S. Y. W. Ho, B. C. Faircloth, B. Nabholz, J. T. Howard, A. Suh, C. C. Weber, R. R. de Fonseca, J. Li, F. Zhang, H. Li, L. Zhou, N. Narula, L. Liu, G. Ganapathy, B. Boussau, M. S. Bayzid, V. Zavidovych, S. Subramanian, T. Gabaldón, S. Capella-Gutiérrez, J. Huerta-Cepas, B. Rekepalli, K. Munch, M. Schierup, B. Lindow, W. C. Warren, D. Ray, R. E. Green, M. W. Bruford, X. Zhan, A. Dixon, S. Li, N. Li, Y. Huang, E. P. Derryberry, M. F. Bertelsen, F. H. Sheldon, R. T. Brumfield, C. V. Mello, P. V. Lovell, M. Wirthlin, M. P. Cruz Schneider, F. Prosdocimi, J. A. Samaniego, A. M. Vargas Velazquez, A. Alfaro-Núñez, P. F. Campos, B. Petersen, T. Sitcheritz-Ponten, A. Pas, T. Bailey, P. Scofield, M. Bunce, D. M. Lambert, Q. Zhou, P. Perelman, A. C. Driskell, B. Shapiro, Z. Xiong, Y. Zeng, S. Liu, Z. Li, B. Liu, K. Wu, J. Xiao, X. Yinqi, Q. Zheng, Y. Zhang, H. Yang, J. Wang, L. Smeds, F. E. Rheindt, M. Braun, J. Fjeldså, L. Orlando, F. K. Barker, K. A. Jønsson, W. Johnson, K.-P. Koepfli, S. O'Brien, D. Haussler, O. A. Ryder, C. Rahbek, E. Willerslev, G. R. Graves, T. C. Glenn, J. McCormack, D. Burt, H. Ellegren, P. Alström, S. V. Edwards, A. Stamatakis, D. P. Mindell, J. Cracraft, E. L. Braun, T. Warnow, W. Jun, M. T. P. Gilbert & G. Zhang. 2014. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science 346 (6215): 1320–1331.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M01] Madarász, J. 1901. Madarak [Vögel]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 21–39. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[S89] Salvadori, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea nella Birmania e nelle regioni vicine. XIX.—Uccelli raccolti nei Monti Carin a nord-est di Tounghoo, nel Pegù presso Rangoon e Tounghoo e nel Tenasserim presso Malewoon. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 369–438.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[T89] Takeshita, N. 1989. Nihon no Yachoo. Kogakukan: Tokyo.

[U93] Unwin, D. M. 1993. Aves. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 717–737. Chapman & Hall: London.

[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5^th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.

[W66] Walden, A. 1866. Notes on birds collected in Tennasserim and in the Andaman Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 537–556.

Last updated: 19 March 2022.