Trematosauria

Reconstruction of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis, copyright Dmitry Bogdanov.

Belongs within: Stereospondylomorpha.

The Trematosauria are a clade of temnospondyls defined by Yates & Warren (2000) as including all species closer to Trematosaurus than Parotosuchus.

Synapomorphies (from Yates & Warren 2000): Interorbital space greater than 50% of skull width at mid orbital level; stapedial foramen absent; sharp rimmed depressions absent at posterior end of ventral surface of parasphenoid plate; denticle patches absent from all three coronoids; chorda tympanic foramen located on preaticular; hamate process absent.

<==Trematosauria [Trematosauroidei] YW00
    |  i. s.: Lyrocephalus euri CZ79
    |--+--Luzocephalus YW00
    |  `--Trematosauroidea YW00
    |       |--Thoosuchus jakovlevi YW00
    |       `--Lyrocephaliscus [Trematosauridae] YW00
    |            `--L. euri YW00
    `--+--Metoposauroidea YW00
       |    |--Almasaurus habbazi Dutuit 1972 YW00, CZ79
       |    |--Buettneria perfecta YW00
       |    |--Apachesaurus PI05
       |    `--Metoposaurus Lydekker 1890 D07
       |         |--M. bakeri D07
       |         |--M. diagnosticus YW00
       |         |--M. heimi D07
       |         |--M. krasiejowensis D07
       |         |--M. maleriensis DDL04
       |         |--M. santaecrucis D07
       |         `--M. stuttgartiensis D07
       `--+--Plagiosauroidea YW00
          |    |--Laidleria [Laidleriidae] YW00
          |    |    `--L. gracilis Kitching 1958 CZ79
          |    `--Plagiosauridae YW00
          |         |--Plagiosternum danilovi YW00
          |         `--Plagiosaurus YW00
          `--+--Brachyopoidea YW00
             |    |--Keratobrachyops australis YW00
             |    `--+--Brachyopidae YW00
             |       |    |--Xenobrachyops allos YW00
             |       |    |--Brachyops laticeps S87
             |       |    `--Batrachosuchus YW00
             |       |         `--‘Blinasaurus’ henwoodi YW00
             |       `--Chigutisauridae YW00
             |            |--Siderops kehli YW00
             |            `--Pelorocephalus Cabera 1944 YW00, D07 [incl. Chigutisaurus YW00]
             |                 |--P. cacheutensis D07
             |                 |--P. ischigualastensis D07
             |                 |--P. mendozensis D07
             |                 `--P. tenax D07
             `--Rhytidosteoidea CZ79
                  |--Indobrachyopidae CZ79
                  |    |--Derwentia warreni Cosgriff 1974 CZ79
                  |    `--+--Indobrachyops panchetensis Van Huene & Sahni 1958 CZ79
                  |       `--+--Rewana quadricuneata Howie 1972 CZ79
                  |          `--Mahavisaurus CZ79
                  |               |--M. australis (Lehmann 1966) [=Lyrosaurus australis] CZ79
                  |               `--M. dentatus Lehmann 1966 CZ79
                  `--Rhytidosteidae YW00
                       |  i. s.: Arcadia myriadens YW00
                       |         Trucheosaurus YW00
                       |--Deltasaurus CZ79
                       |    |--D. kimberleyensis Cosgriff 1965 CZ79
                       |    `--D. pustulatus Cosgriff 1965 CZ79
                       `--+--Pneumatostega Cosgriff & Zawiskie 1979 CZ79
                          |    `--*P. potamia Cosgriff & Zawiskie 1979 CZ79
                          `--+--Rhytidosteus capensis Owen 1884 CZ79
                             `--Peltostega CZ79
                                  |--P. erici Wiman 1916 CZ79
                                  `--P. wimani Nilsson 1946 CZ79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CZ79] Cosgriff, J. W., & J. M. Zawiskie. 1979. A new species of the Rhytidosteidae from the Lystrosaurus Zone and a review of the Rhytidosteoidea. Palaeontologia Africana 22: 1–27.

[DDL04] Datta, P. M., D. P. Das & Z.-X. Luo. 2004. A Late Triassic dromatheriid (Synapsida: Cynodontia) from India. Annals of Carnegie Museum 73 (2): 12–24.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[PI05] Parker, W. G., R. B. Irmis, S. J. Nesbitt, J. W. Martz & L. S. Browne. 2005. The Late Triassic pseudosuchian Revueltosaurus callenderi and its implications for the diversity of early ornithischian dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 272: 963–969.

[S87] Stephens, W. J. 1887. On the Biloela labyrinthodont (second notice). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1113–1121, pl. 14.

[YW00] Yates, A. M., & A. A. Warren. 2000. The phylogeny of the ‘higher’ temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128: 77–121.

Arthroleptinae

Female Arthroleptis reichei, copyright Vincenzo Mercurio.

Belongs within: Laurentobatrachia.

The Arthroleptinae are a group of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa, males of which often have hyperelongate third fingers.

<==Arthroleptinae [Arthroleptina, Arthroleptini] FG06
    |--Coracodichus FG06
    |--Cardioglossa Boulenger 1900 FG06
    |    |--+--C. gracilis PW11
    |    |  `--C. schioetzi PW11
    |    `--+--C. elegans PW11
    |       `--+--C. gratiosa PW11
    |          `--+--+--C. leucomystax PW11
    |             |  `--C. occidentalis PW11
    |             `--+--C. pulchra PW11
    |                `--+--C. manengouba PW11
    |                   `--C. oreas PW11
    `--Arthroleptis Smith 1849 [incl. Schoutedenella De Witte 1921] FG06
         |  i. s.: A. batesi FG06
         |         A. crusculum Angel 1950 [=Schoutedenella crusculum] FG06
         |         A. discodactyla (Laurent 1954) [=Schoutedenella discodactyla] FG06
         |         A. hematogaster (Laurent 1954) [=Schoutedenella hematogaster] FG06
         |         A. lameerei de Witte 1921 [=Schoutedenella lameerei] FG06
         |         A. loveridgei de Witte 1933 [=Schoutedenella loveridgei] FG06
         |         A. milletihorsini Angel 1922 [=Schoutedenella milletihorsini] FG06
         |         A. mossoensis (Laurent 1954) [=Schoutedenella mossoensis] FG06
         |         A. nimbaensis Angel 1950 [=Schoutedenella nimbaensis] FG06
         |         A. phrynoides (Laurent 1976) [=Schoutedenella phrynoides] FG06
         |         A. pyrrhoscelis Laurent 1952 [=Schoutedenella pyrrhoscelis] FG06
         |         A. spinalis Boulenger 1919 FG06
         |         A. troglodytes Poynton 1963 [=Schoutedenella troglodytes] FG06
         |         A. vercammeni (Laurent 1954) [=Schoutedella vercammeni] FG06
         |         A. xenochirus Boulenger 1905 [=Schoutedenella xenochirus] FG06
         |         A. zimmeri Ahl 1925 FG06
         |--+--A. xenodactylus Boulenger 1909 PW11, FG06 [=Schoutedenella senodactyla FG06]
         |  `--+--A. schubotzi Nieden 1911 PW11, FG06 [=Schoutedenella schubotzi FG06]
         |     `--A. xenodactyloides Hewitt 1933 PW11, FG06 [=Schoutedenella xenodactyloides FG06]
         `--+--+--A. taeniatus PW11 [=Schoutedenella taeniata FG06]
            |  `--+--A. aureoli PW11
            |     `--A. sylvaticus (Laurent 1954) PW11, FG06 [=Schoutedenella sylvatica FG06]
            `--+--+--A. francei PW11
               |  `--A. wahlbergii PW11
               `--+--+--A. tanneri PW11
                  |  `--+--A. reichei PW11
                  |     `--+--A. affinis PW11
                  |        `--A. nikeae PW11
                  `--+--A. stenodactylus PW11
                     `--+--+--A. adelphus PW11
                        |  `--A. poecilonotus PW11
                        `--+--A. krokosua PW11
                           `--A. variabilis PW11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.

Laurentobatrachia

Peacock tree frog Leptopelis vermiculatus, copyright Dawson.

Belongs within: Ranoidea.
Contains: Arthroleptinae, Hyperolius, Heterixalus.

The Laurentobatrachia are a clade of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar.

Characters (from Frost et al. 2006): Larval m. levator manidbulae externus in two portion; commissura proximalis III absent; intercalary elements absent; external metatarsal tubercle poorly developed or absent; terminal phalanges claw-shaped.

Laurentobatrachia [Arthroleptoidae]
    |--Arthroleptidae FG06
    |    |--Arthroleptinae FG06
    |    `--+--Leptopelis Günther 1859 FG06 [Leptopelinae PW11, Leptopelini]
    |       |    |  i. s.: L. mossambicus FG06
    |       |    |--+--L. argenteus FG06
    |       |    |  `--L. brevirostris PW11
    |       |    `--+--L. modestus PW11
    |       |       `--+--L. vermiculatus PW11
    |       |          `--+--L. natalensis PW11
    |       |             `--+--+--L. bocagii PW11
    |       |                |  `--L. concolor PW11
    |       |                `--+--L. kivuensis PW11
    |       |                   `--L. palmatus PW11
    |       `--Astylosterninae [Astylosternidae, Astylosternini] PW11
    |            |--Leptodactylodon Andersson 1903 FG06
    |            |    `--L. bicolor FG06
    |            `--+--+--Nyctibates Boulenger 1904 FG06
    |               |  |    `--N. corrugatus FG06
    |               |  `--Scotobleps Boulenger 1900 PW11, FG06
    |               |       `--S. gabonicus FG06
    |               `--+--Trichobatrachus Boulenger 1900 FG06
    |                  |    `--T. robustus FG06
    |                  `--Astylosternus Werner 1898 FG06
    |                       |--A. diadematus PW11
    |                       `--+--A. batesi PW11
    |                          `--A. schioetzi PW11
    `--Hyperoliidae [Hyperoliinae, Kassininae, Kassinini]
         |  i. s.: Chlorolius Perret 1988 FG06
         |         Arlequinus Perret 1988 FG06
         |         Chrysobatrachus Laurent 1951 FG06
         |--Cryptothylax Laurent & Combaz 1950 PW11, FG06
         |    `--C. greshoffii PW11
         `--+--+--Phlyctimantis Laurent & Combaz 1950 PW11, FG06
            |  |    |--P. leonardi PW11
            |  |    `--+--‘Kassina’ maculata PW11
            |  |       `--P. verrucosus PW11
            |  `--+--Kassina Girard 1853 PW11, FG06
            |     |    |--K. senegalensis FG06
            |     |    `--K. wealii WKW73
            |     `--+--Paracassina Peracca 1907 FG06
            |        `--Semnodactylus Hoffman 1939 FG06
            |             `--S. wealii PW11
            `--+--+--Callixalus Laurent 1950 FG06
               |  `--Acanthixalus Laurent 1944 PW11, FG06
               |       |--A. sonjae PW11
               |       `--A. spinosus FG06
               `--+--Opisthothylax Perret 1966 PW11, FG06
                  |    `--O. immaculatus FG06
                  `--+--Hyperolius PW11
                     `--+--Morerella cyanophthalma PW11
                        `--+--+--Heterixalus FG06
                           |  `--Tachycnemis Fitzinger 1843 PW11, FG06 [Tachycneminae]
                           |       `--T. seychellensis NW07
                           `--+--Kassinula Laurent 1940 FG06
                              `--Afrixalus Laurent 1944 PW11, FG06
                                   |  i. s.: A. pygmaeus FG06
                                   |         A. weidholzi KF69
                                   |--+--A. knysnae PW11
                                   |  `--+--A. delicatus PW11
                                   |     `--A. stuhlmanni PW11
                                   `--+--A. fornasini PW11
                                      `--+--A. laevis PW11
                                         `--+--A. dorsalis PW11
                                            `--A. paradorsalis PW11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[KF69] Kluge, A. G., & J. S. Farris. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Systematic Zoology 18 (1): 1–32.

[NW07] Nussbaum, R. A., & S.-H. Wu. 2007. Morphological assessments and phylogenetic relationships of the Seychellean frogs of the family Sooglossidae (Amphibia: Anura). Zoological Studies 46 (3): 322–335.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.

[WKW73] Wallace, D. G., M.-C. King & A. C. Wilson. 1973. Albumin differences among ranid frogs: taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Systematic Zoology 22 (1): 1–13.

Limnodynastinae

Spawning striped marsh frogs Limnodynastes peronii, copyright Froggydarb.

Belongs within: Neobatrachia.

The Limnodynastinae are a group of small to medium-sized toad-like terrestrial frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. They have an inguinal amplexus and many are foam-nesters (Frost et al. 2006).

<==Limnodynastinae [Limnodynastidae, Limnodynastini]
    |  i. s.: Opisthodon Steindachner 1867 FG06
    |           |--O. ornatus (Gray 1842) (see below for synonymy) FG06
    |           `--O. spenceri (Parker 1940) [=Limnodynastes spenceri] FG06
    |--+--Notaden Günther 1873 PW11, FG06
    |  |    |--N. bennettii PW11
    |  |    |--N. melanoscaphus FG06
    |  |    |--N. nichollsi TW05
    |  |    `--N. weigeli Shea & Johnston 1988 D11
    |  `--Neobatrachus Peters 1863 PW11, FG06 [incl. Neoruinosus Wells & Wellington 1985 R10]
    |       |  i. s.: N. albipes Roberts, Mahony et al. 1991 R10
    |       |         N. aquilonius Tyler, Davies & Martin 1981 R10
    |       |         N. fulvus Mahony & Roberts 1986 R10
    |       |         N. kunapalari Mahony & Roberts 1986 R10
    |       |         N. sutor Main 1957 R10
    |       |         N. wilsmorei (Parker 1940) R10
    |       |--N. pelobatoides (Werner 1914) PW11, R10
    |       `--+--N. pictus Peters 1863 PW11, R10
    |          `--N. sudelli (Lamb 1911) PW11, R10 [=*Neoruinosus sudelli R10; incl. N. centralis (Parker 1940) R10]
    `--+--Platyplectrum Günther 1863 PW11, DAP09
       |    |--P. spenceri PW11
       |    `--+--P. ornatum PW11
       |       `--Lechriodus Boulenger 1882 PW11, FG06
       |            |--L. fletcheri FG06
       |            `--L. melanopyga FG06
       `--+--Heleioporus Gray 1841 PW11, FG06
          |    |--H. albopunctatus ERK07
          |    |--H. australiacus FG06
          |    |--H. barycragus KF69
          |    |--H. eyrei KF69
          |    |--H. inornatus KF69
          |    `--H. psammophilus ERK07
          `--+--Adelotus Ogilby 1907 PW11, FG06
             |    `--A. brevis FG06
             `--+--Philoria Spencer 1901 PW11, FG06 [incl. Kyarranus Moore 1958 FG06]
                |    `--P. sphagnicola FG06
                `--Limnodynastes Fitzinger 1843 PW11, FG06 [incl. Megistolotis Tyler, Martin & Davis 1979 FG06]
                     |--+--L. salmini PW11
                     |  `--+--L. convexiusculus PW11
                     |     `--L. lignarius PW11
                     `--+--+--+--L. depressus PW11
                        |  |  `--L. fletcheri PW11
                        |  `--+--L. peronii PW11
                        |     `--L. tasmaniensis PW11
                        `--+--L. dorsalis (Gray 1841) PW11, F13 (see below for synonymy)
                           |--L. terraereginae PW11
                           `--+--L. dumerilii Peters 1863 PW11, F13 (see below for synonymy)
                              `--L. interioris Fry 1913 PW11, F13 [=L. dorsalis var. interioris F13]

Limnodynastes dorsalis (Gray 1841) PW11, F13 [=Cystignathus dorsalis F13, Wagleria dorsalis F13]

Limnodynastes dumerilii Peters 1863 PW11, F13 [=L. (Platyplectron) dumerilii F13, L. dorsalis var. dumerilii F13; incl. L. bibronii Krefft 1867 (n. n.) F13, Heliorana grayi Steindachner 1867 F13, Platyplectrum superciliare Keferstein 1867 F13, H. superciliaris F13]

Opisthodon ornatus (Gray 1842) [=Discoglossus ornatus, Limnodynastes ornatus; incl. *Opisthodon frauenfeldi Steindachner 1867] FG06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D11] Doughty, P. 2011. An emerging frog diversity hotspot in the northwest Kimberley of Western Australia: another new frog species from the high rainfall zone. Records of the Western Australian Museum 26 (2): 209–216.

[DAP09] Doughty, P., M. Anstis & L. C. Price. 2009. A new species of Crinia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the high rainfall zone of the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (2): 127–144.

[ERK07] Edwards, D. L., J. D. Roberts & J. S. Keogh. 2007. Impact of Plio-Pleistocene arid cycling on the population history of a southwestern Australian frog. Molecular Ecology 16: 2782–2796.

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[F13] Fry, D. B. 1913. On a Varanus and a frog from Burnett River, Queensland, and a revision of the variations in Limnodynastes dorsalis, Gray. Records of the Australian Museum 10 (2): 17–34, pls 1–3.

[KF69] Kluge, A. G., & J. S. Farris. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Systematic Zoology 18 (1): 1–32.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.

[R10] Roberts, J. D. 2010. Taxonomic status of the Australian burrowing frogs Neobatrachus sudelli, N. centralis and Neoruinosus and clarification of the type specimen of N. albipes. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (4): 455–458.

[TW05] Thompson, G. G., P. C. Withers, K. A. McMaster & V. A. Cartledge. 2005. Burrows of desert-adapted frogs, Neobatrachus aquilonius and Notaden nichollsi. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (1): 17–23.

Neobatrachia

Table Mountain ghost frog Heleophryne rosei, copyright Vincent Carruthers.

Belongs within: Anura.
Contains: Ranoidea, Hyloidea, Limnodynastinae, Myobatrachinae.

The Neobatrachia are a clade containing the majority of living frogs, united by features such as the presence of a neopalatine bone in the skull.

Synapomorphies (from Frost et al. 2006): Neopalatine bone present; third distal carpal fused to other carpals; m. sartorius completely separated from m. semitendinosus; accessory head present on m. adductor longus; parahyoid bone absent.

<==Neobatrachia [Hemiphractinae]
    |  i. s.: Indobatrachus pusillus (Owen 1847) BB03
    |--Heleophrynidae [Heleophryninae] PW11
    |    |--Hadromophryne natalensis PW11
    |    `--Heleophryne Sclater 1898 FG06
    |         |--H. natalensis FG06
    |         |--H. purcelli BB03
    |         |--H. regis FG06
    |         `--H. rosei FG06
    `--Phthanobatrachia (see below for synonymy) FG06
         |--+--Nasikabatrachus Biju & Bossuyt 2003 FG06 [Nasikabatrachidae PW11]
         |  |    `--*N. sahyadrensis Biju & Bossuyt 2003 BB03
         |  `--Sooglossidae [Sooglossinae] PW11
         |       |--Sooglossus Boylenger 1906 [incl. Nesomantis Boulenger 1909] NW07
         |       |    |--*S. sechellensis (Boettger 1896) [=Arthroleptis sechellensis] NW07
         |       |    `--S. thomasseti (Boulenger 1909) [=*Nesomantis thomasseti] NW07
         |       `--Sechellophryne Nussbaum & Wu 2007 NW07
         |            |--*S. gardineri (Boulenger 1911) [=Nectophryne gardineri, Sooglossus gardineri] NW07
         |            `--S. pipilodryas (Gerlach & Willi 2002) [=Sooglossus pipilodryas] NW07
         `--+--Ranoidea EJK08
            `--+--Hyloidea PW11
               `--+--Calyptocephallelidae [Calyptocephalellinae, Calyptocephalellini] PW11
                  |    |--Calyptocephalella Strand 1928 FG06
                  |    |    `--C. gayi PW11
                  |    `--Telmatobufo Schmidt 1952 PW11, FG06
                  |         |--T. bullocki PW11
                  |         `--T. venustus FG06
                  `--Myobatrachidae [Australobatrachia, Myobatrachoidea] PW11
                       |  i. s.: Kankanophryne Heyer & Liem 1976 FKM82
                       |           `--*K. occidentalis FKM82
                       |         Glauertia FKM82
                       |--Limnodynastinae PW11
                       `--Myobatrachinae PW11

Phthanobatrachia [Athesphatanura, Ceratophrydes, Chthonobatrachia, Cladophrynia, Diphyabatrachia, Hyloides, Leptodactyliformes, Meridianura, Nobleobatrachia, Notogaeanura, Tinctanura] FG06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB03] Biju, S. D., & F. Bossuyt. 2003. New frog family from India reveals an ancient biogeographical link with the Seychelles. Nature 425: 711–714.

[EJK08] Evans, S. E., M. E. H. Jones & D. W. Krause. 2008. A giant frog with South American affinities from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 105 (8): 2951–2956.

[FKM82] Farris, J. S., A. G. Kluge & M. F. Mickevich. 1982. Phylogenetic analysis, the monothetic group method, and myobatrachid frogs. Systematic Zoology 31 (3): 317–327.

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[NW07] Nussbaum, R. A., & S.-H. Wu. 2007. Morphological assessments and phylogenetic relationships of the Seychellean frogs of the family Sooglossidae (Amphibia: Anura). Zoological Studies 46 (3): 322–335.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.

Eleutherodactylus

Eleutherodactylus guantanamera, copyright Ariel Rodriguez.

Belongs within: Hyloidea.

Eleutherodactylus is a very diverse genus of directly developing, mostly small frogs found in Central and South America.

Eleutherodactylus Duméril & Bibron 1841 [incl. Pelorius Hedges 1989; Eleutherodactylini] FG06
    |--+--+--E. counouspeus (Schwartz 1964) PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas counouspea FG06]
    |  |  `--+--+--E. inoptatus Barbour 1914 PW11, FG06 [=Pelorius inoptatus FG06]
    |  |     |  `--+--E. chlorophenax Schwartz 1976 PW11, FG06 [=Pelorius chlorophenax FG06]
    |  |     |     `--E. nortoni Schwartz 1976 PW11, FG06 [=Pelorius nortoni FG06]
    |  |     `--+--+--E. bothroboans PW11
    |  |        |  `--E. ruthae Noble 1923 PW11, FG06 [=Pelorius ruthae FG06]
    |  |        `--+--E. hypostenor Schwartz 1965 PW11, FG06 [=Pelorius hypostenor FG06]
    |  |           `--E. parapelates Hedges & Thomas 1987 PW11, FG06 [=Pelorius parapelates FG06]
    |  `--+--+--E. richmondi Stejneger 1904 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas richmondi FG06]
    |     |  `--E. unicolor PW11
    |     `--+--+--+--E. auriculatoides PW11
    |        |  |  `--E. patriciae PW11
    |        |  `--+--+--+--E. fowleri PW11
    |        |     |  |  `--E. lamprotes PW11
    |        |     |  `--+--E. sommeri PW11
    |        |     |     `--E. wetmorei PW11
    |        |     `--+--+--E. leberi PW11
    |        |        |  `--E. melacara PW11
    |        |        `--+--E. varians PW11
    |        |           `--+--E. guantanamera PW11
    |        |              `--E. ionthus PW11
    |        `--+--+--+--E. minutus Noble 1923 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas minuta FG06]
    |           |  |  `--E. poolei PW11
    |           |  `--+--+--E. pituinus PW11
    |           |     |  `--+--E. parabates Schwartz 1964 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas parabates FG06]
    |           |     |     `--+--E. abbotti PW11
    |           |     |        `--+--E. audanti PW11
    |           |     |           `--E. haitianus PW11
    |           |     `--+--E. eileenae PW11
    |           |        `--+--E. glamyrus PW11
    |           |           `--+--+--E. mariposa PW11
    |           |              |  `--E. ronaldi PW11
    |           |              `--+--E. bartonsmithi PW11
    |           |                 `--+--E. auriculatus PW11
    |           |                    `--E. principalis PW11
    |           `--+--+--+--E. barlagnei PW11
    |              |  |  `--E. pinchoni PW11
    |              |  `--+--E. johnstonei Barbour 1914 PW11, B-AC-O04
    |              |     `--+--E. amplinympha PW11
    |              |        `--E. locustus PW11
    |              `--+--+--E. antillensis PW11
    |                 |  `--+--E. brittoni PW11
    |                 |     `--+--E. cochranae PW11
    |                 |        `--E. hedricki PW11
    |                 `--+--E. gryllus PW11
    |                    `--+--+--E. coqui PW11
    |                       |  `--E. schwartzi PW11
    |                       `--+--E. portoricensis PW11
    |                          `--E. wightmanae PW11
    `--+--+--+--E. symingtoni Schwartz 1957 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas symingtoni FG06]
       |  |  `--E. zeus Schwartz 1958 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas zeus FG06]
       |  `--+--E. marnockii (Cope 1878) PW11, FG06 [=E. (Syrrhophus) marnockii FG06]
       |     `--+--E. nitidus Peters 1870 PW11, FG06 [=E. (Syrrhophus) nitidus FG06]
       |        `--E. pipilans (Taylor 1940) PW11, FG06 [=Syrrhophus pipilans FG06]
       `--+--+--+--E. klinikowskii Schwartz 1959 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas klinikowskii FG06]
          |  |  `--E. zugi Schwartz 1958 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas zugi FG06]
          |  `--+--+--+--E. brevirostris Shreve 1936 PW11, FG06 [=Craugastor brevirostris FG06]
          |     |  |  `--E. ventrilineatus Shreve 1936 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas ventrilineata FG06]
          |     |  `--+--E. glandulifer Cochran 1935 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas glandulifer FG06]
          |     |     `--E. sciagraphus Schwartz 1973 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas sciagraphus FG06]
          |     `--+--E. paulsoni Schwartz 1964 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas paulsoni FG06]
          |        `--+--+--E. furcyensis Shreve & Williams 1963 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas furcyensis FG06]
          |           |  `--E. rufifemoralis PW11
          |           `--+--+--E. apostates Schwartz 1973 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas apostates FG06]
          |              |  `--E. oxyrhyncus Duméril & Bibron 1841 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas oxyrhyncha FG06]
          |              `--+--E. jugans Cochran 1937 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas jugans FG06]
          |                 `--+--E. glanduliferoides Shreve 1936 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas glanduliferoides FG06]
          |                    `--+--E. thorectes Hedges 1988 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas thorectes FG06]
          |                       `--+--+--E. bakeri PW11
          |                          |  `--+--E. dolomedes Hedges & Thomas 1992 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas dolomedes FG06]
          |                          |     `--E. glaphycompus Schwartz 1973 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas glaphycompus FG06]
          |                          `--+--E. heminota PW11
          |                             `--+--E. corona Hedges & Thomas 1992 PW11, FG06 [=Euhuyas corona FG06]
          |                                `--+--E. amadeus Hedges, Thomas & Franz 1987 PW11, FG06 (see below for synonymy)
          |                                   `--+--E. caribe Hedges & Thomas 1992 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas caribe FG06]
          |                                      `--E. eunaster PW11
          `--+--+--E. schmidti Noble 1923 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas schmidti FG06]
             |  `--+--E. albipes Barbour & Shreve 1937 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas albipes FG06]
             |     `--+--E. maestrensis Diaz, Cádiz & Navarro 2005 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas maestrensis FG06]
             |        `--+--E. dimidiatus Cope 1862 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas dimidiatus FG06]
             |           `--E. emiliae Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas emiliae FG06]
             `--+--E. greyi Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas greyi FG06]
                `--+--+--E. atkinsi Dunn 1925 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas atkinsi FG06]
                   |  |--+--+--E. guanahacabibes Estrada & Rodriguez 1985 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas guanahacabibes FG06]
                   |  |  |  `--+--E. casparii Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas casparii FG06]
                   |  |  |     `--E. planirostris Cope 1862 PW11, FG06 [=E. (Euhyas) planirostris FG06]
                   |  |  `--+--+--E. goini Schwartz 1960 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas goini FG06]
                   |  |     |  `--+--E. rogersi PW11
                   |  |     |     `--E. tonyi Estrada & Hedges 1997 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas tonyi FG06]
                   |  |     `--+--E. pezopetrus PW11
                   |  |        `--+--E. pinarensis PW11
                   |  |           `--+--E. blairhedgesi PW11
                   |  |              `--E. thomasi Schwartz 1959 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas thomasi FG06]
                   |  `--+--+--E. gundlachi Schmidt 1920 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas gundlachi FG06]
                   |     |  `--+--E. intermedius Barbour & Shreve 1937 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas intermedia FG06]
                   |     |     `--E. varleyi Dunn 1925 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas varleyi FG06]
                   |     `--+--+--E. cubanus Barbour 1942 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas cubana FG06]
                   |        |  `--E. orientalis Barbour & Shreve 1937 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas orientalis FG06]
                   |        `--+--E. etheridgei Schwartz 1958 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas etheridgei FG06]
                   |           `--+--E. iberia Estrada & Hedges 1996 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas iberia FG06]
                   |              `--+--E. jaumei Estrada & Alonso 1997 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas jaumei FG06]
                   |                 `--E. limbatus Cope 1862 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas limbata FG06]
                   `--+--+--+--E. alcoae Schwartz 1971 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas alcoae FG06]
                      |  |  `--E. armstrongi Noble & Hassler 1933 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas armstrongi FG06]
                      |  `--+--E. darlingtoni PW11
                      |     `--E. leoncei Shreve & Williams 1963 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas leoncei FG06]
                      `--+--+--+--E. bresslerae PW11
                         |  |  `--+--E. acmonis Schwartz 1960 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas acmonis FG06]
                         |  |     `--E. ricordii Duméril & Bibron 1841 PW11, FG06 [=E. (Euhyas) ricordii FG06]
                         |  `--+--E. probolaeus PW11
                         |     `--+--E. monensis Meerwarth 1901 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas monensis FG06]
                         |        `--+--E. grahami Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas grahami FG06]
                         |           `--+--E. lentus PW11
                         |              `--+--E. rhodesi PW11
                         |                 `--E. weinlandi Barbour 1914 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas weinlandi FG06]
                         `--+--+--E. cuneatus Cope 1862 PW11, FG06 (see below for synonymy)
                            |  `--E. turquinensis Barbour & Shreve 1937 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas turquinensis FG06]
                            `--+--+--E. riparius PW11
                               |  `--E. rivularis Díaz, Estrada & Hedges 2001 PW11, DEH01 [=E. (Euhyas) rivularis DEH01]
                               `--+--E. toa Estrada & Hedges 1991 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas toa FG06]
                                  `--+--E. luteolus Gosse 1851 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas luteola FG06]
                                     `--+--+--+--E. sisyphodemus Crombie 1977 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas sisyphodemus FG06]
                                        |  |  `--+--E. cavernicola Lynn 1954 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas cavernicola FG06]
                                        |  |     `--E. grabhami Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas grabhami FG06]
                                        |  `--+--E. jamaicensis Barbour 1910 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas jamaicensis FG06]
                                        |     `--+--E. nubicola Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=E. (Euhyas) nubicola FG06]
                                        |        `--+--E. andrewsi Lynn 1937 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas andrewsi FG06]
                                        |           `--E. orcutti Dunn 1928 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas orcutti FG06]
                                        `--+--E. alticola Lynn 1937 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas alticola FG06]
                                           `--+--E. fuscus Lynn & Dent 1943 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas fusca FG06]
                                              `--+--E. junori Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas junori FG06]
                                                 `--+--E. gossei Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas gossei FG06]
                                                    `--+--E. griphus Crombie 1986 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas griphus FG06]
                                                       `--+--+--E. cundalli PW11
                                                          |  `--E. glaucoreius Schwartz & Fowler 1973 PW11, FG06 (see below for synonymy)
                                                          `--+--E. pantoni Dunn 1926 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas pantoni FG06]
                                                             `--E. pentasyringos Schwartz & Fowler 1973 PW11, FG06 (see below for synonymy)

Eleutherodactylus incertae sedis:
  E. angustidigitorum Taylor 1940 NW07, FG06 [=Syrrhophus angustidigitorum FG06]
  E. anolirex Lynch 1983 B-AC-O04
  E. (Eleutherodactylus) binotatus FG06
  E. boconoensis Rivero & Mayorga 1973 B-AC-O04
  E. chloronotus FG06
  E. chlorosoma Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. colostichos La Marca & Smith 1982 B-AC-O04
  E. conspicillatus B-AC-O04
  E. costaricensis M83
  E. diastema FG06
  E. discoidalis FG06
  E. duellmani FG06
  E. erythropleurus NW07
  E. ginesi (Rivero 1964) B-AC-O04
  E. guentheri NW07
  E. hedriki SWK87
  E. jasperi FG06
  E. karlschmidti Grant 1931 NW07, FG06 [=Euhyas karlschmidti FG06]
  E. lancinii Donoso-Barros 1968 B-AC-O04
  E. lentiginosus Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. malkini B-AC-O04
  E. megalops B-AC-O04
  E. melanoproctus Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. mercedesae FG06
  E. mondolfii Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. nicefori Cochran & Goin 1971 B-AC-O04
  E. nigrovittatus FG06
  E. paramerus Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. parvus NW07
  E. pedimontanus La Marca 2004 B-AC-O04
  E. pleurostriatus Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. prolixodiscus Lynch 1978 B-AC-O04
  E. pulidoi Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. rearki M83
  E. ridens M81
  E. supernatis FG06
  E. thymelensis FG06
  E. tubernasus Rivero 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. tubolus KF69
  E. underwoodi M83
  E. unistrigatus B-AC-O04
  E. urichi (Boettger 1894) B-AC-O04
  E. vanadisae La Marca 1984 B-AC-O04
  E. w-nigrum B-AC-O04
  E. yustizi Barrio-Amorós & Chacón-Ortiz 2004 B-AC-O04

Eleutherodactylus amadeus Hedges, Thomas & Franz 1987 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas amadeus FG06]

Eleutherodactylus cuneatus Cope 1862 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas cuneata FG06; incl. El. sierramaestrae DEH01]

Eleutherodactylus glaucoreius Schwartz & Fowler 1973 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas glaucoreia FG06]

Eleutherodactylus pentasyringos Schwartz & Fowler 1973 PW11, FG06 [=Euhyas pentasyringos FG06]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B-AC-O04] Barrio-Amorós, C. L., & A. Chacón-Ortiz. 2004. Un nuevo Eleutherodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) de la Cordillera de Mérida, Andes de Venezuela. Graellsia 60 (1): 3–11.

[DEH01] Díaz, L. M., A. R. Estrada & S. B. Hedges. 2001. A new riparial frog of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from eastern Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science 37 (1–2): 63–71.

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[KF69] Kluge, A. G., & J. S. Farris. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Systematic Zoology 18 (1): 1–32.

[M81] Miyamoto, M. M. 1981. Congruence among character sets in phylogenetic studies of the frog genus Leptodactylus. Systematic Zoology 30 (3): 281–290.

[M83] Miyamoto, M. M. 1983. Biochemical variation in the frog Eleutherodactylus bransfordii: geographic patterns and cryptic species. Systematic Zoology 32 (1): 43–51.

[NW07] Nussbaum, R. A., & S.-H. Wu. 2007. Morphological assessments and phylogenetic relationships of the Seychellean frogs of the family Sooglossidae (Amphibia: Anura). Zoological Studies 46 (3): 322–335.

[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

Brachycephalidae

Steindachner's robber frog Ischnocnema guentheri, copyright Mario Sacramento.

Belongs within: Hyloidea.

The Brachycephalidae are a group of small, leaf-litter dwelling frogs found in southern Brazil (Frost et al. 2006).

Characters (from Frost et al. 2006): Distinguishable sternum absent through fusion; epicoracoid cartilages completely ossified with coracoids and clavicles; digits reduced; axillary amplexus; direct development with very large terrestrial eggs.

Brachycephalidae [Brachycephalina] FG06
    |  i. s.: ‘Eleutherodactylus’ juipoca FG06
    |--Phyllonastes Heyer 1977 FG06
    |--Cornufer Tschudi 1838 [Cornuferinae] FG06
    |--Brachycephalus Fitzinger 1826 FG06
    |    `--B. ephippium FG06
    `--Ischnocnema Reinhardt & Lütken 1862 PW11, FG06
         |  i. s.: I. sanderi Padial, Reichle & De la Riva 2005 PRDR05
         |         I. quixensis FG06
         |--+--I. holti PW11
         |  `--I. juipoca PW11
         `--+--I. parva PW11
            `--+--I. guentheri PW11
               `--I. hoehnei PW11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[PRDR05] Padial, J. M., S. Reichle & I. De la Riva. 2005. Ischnocnema sanderi Padial, Reichle & De la Riva, 2005 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): a nomenclatural note. Graellsia 61 (1): 143.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.

Sarcopterygii

Reconstruction of Platycephalichthys bischoffi, copyright DiBgd.

Belongs within: Gnathostomata.
Contains: Dipnomorpha, Tetrapoda.

The Sarcopterygii are a clade of vertebrates including the four-legged Tetrapoda together with those fishes (commonly known as 'lobe-finned fishes') more closely related to the tetrapods than to the ray-finned fishes of the Actinopterygii. Living members of this clade differ from most living Actinopterygii in having fleshy, limb-like bases to the fins.

Synapomorphies (from Zhu et al. 2009): Parachordal plates separated from otic capsule by cartilage or persistent fissure; endolymphatic duct of supraotic cavity present.

<==Sarcopterygii [Crossopterygii, Urodelomorpha]
    |  i. s.: Canowindra grossi Thomson 1973 J98
    |--Meemannia Zhu, Yu et al. 2006 ZZ09, ZY06
    |    `--*M. eos Zhu, Yu et al. 2006 ZY06
    `--+--+--Guiyu Zhu, Zhao et al. 2009 ZZ09
       |  |    `--*G. oneiros Zhu, Zhao et al. ZZ09
       |  `--+--Psarolepis romeri ZZ09, ZYJ99
       |     `--Achoania ZZ09
       `--+--+--Onychodus [Onychodontida] ZZ09
          |  |    `--‘Phoebodus’ bryanti Wells 1944 W85
          |  `--+--Miguashaia ZZ09
          |     |--Whiteia ZY02
          |     |--Diplocercides ZY02
          |     `--Actinistia ZYJ99
          |          |--Rhabdoderma elegans (Newberry 1856) WO06 [incl. Coelacanthus lepturus H62]
          |          |--Mawsonia gigas Woodward 1907 WO06
          |          |--Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey 1991 WO06
          |          `--Latimeria (see below for synonymy) WO06
          |               |--L. chalumnae Smith 1939 WO06
          |               `--L. manadoensis Pouyaud et al. 1999 WO06
          `--+--Styloichthys Zhu & Yu 2002 ZZ09, ZY02
             |    `--*S. changae Zhu & Yu 2002 ZY02
             `--Dipnotetrapodomorpha B-RB13
                  |--Dipnomorpha ZZ09
                  `--Tetrapodomorpha [Choanata, Osteolepiformes, Osteolepimorpha, Osteolepipoda, Rhipidistia] ZY02
                       |  i. s.: Cladarosymblema ZY02
                       |         Gyroptychius TC71
                       |         Rhizodopsidae B96
                       |         Megalichthys DSJ06
                       |         Gogonasus DFC12
                       |--Kenichthys ZZ09
                       |--Rhizodontidae [Rhizodontida, Rhizodontiformes, Rhizodontimorpha] ZYJ99
                       |    |--Strepsodus Young 1866 W06
                       |    |    `--S. decipiens Woodward 1906 [incl. Pteraspis mansfieldensis McCoy 1890 (n. n.)] W06
                       |    `--Gooloogongia loomesi Johanson & Ahlberg 1998 J98
                       `--+--Osteolepis [Osteolepidae] ZY02
                          `--+--Elpistostegalia [Panderichthyida, Panderichthyidae] DSJ06
                             |    |--Panderichthys rhombolepis (Gross 1930) AC08, RCQ03
                             |    `--+--Tetrapoda AC08
                             |       |--Elpistostege AC08
                             |       `--Tiktaalik Daeschler, Shubin & Jenkins 2006 AC08, DSJ06
                             |            `--*T. roseae Daeschler, Shubin & Jenkins 2006 DSJ06
                             `--Tristichopteridae [Eusthenopteridae] C03
                                  |--Tristichopterus Egerton 1861 C03
                                  |--Jarvikina Vorobyeva 1977 C03
                                  |--Spodichthys Jarvik 1985 C03
                                  |--Notorhizodon C03
                                  |--Eusthenodon Jarvik 1952 C03
                                  |    `--*E. wangsjoi Jarvik 1952 C03
                                  |--Hyneria Thomson 1968 C03
                                  |    `--H. lindae Thomson 1968 C03
                                  |--Mandageria Johanson & Ahlberg 1997 C03
                                  |    `--M. fairfaxi Johanson & Ahlberg 1997 J98
                                  |--Cabonnichthys Ahlberg & Johanson 1997 C02
                                  |    |--C. burnsi C03
                                  |    `--C. loomesi Ahlberg & Johanson 1997 J98
                                  |--Eusthenopteron Whiteaves 1881 ZY02, C03
                                  |    |--E. foordi Whiteaves 1881 RCQ03
                                  |    `--E. savesoderberghi C03
                                  `--Platycephalichthys Vorobyeva 1959 C03
                                       |--P. bischoffi C03
                                       `--P. skuenicus C03

Latimeria [Coelacanthidae, Coelacanthiformes, Coelacanthimorpha, Coelacanthini, Latimeriidae] WO06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

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