Corbiculata

Green orchid bee Euglossa dilemma, copyright Bob Peterson.

Belongs within: Apidae.
Contains: Electrapini, Bombini, Meliponini, Apis.

The Corbiculata are a clade of bees characterised by modification of the hind tibia of females into a corbicula (with a broad hairless patch fringed by long curved hairs) for carrying pollen; many members of the clade are eusocial (Engel 2001).

Characters (from Engel 2001): Mandibular pollex expanded. Metatibia modified into corbicula; metabasitibial plate absent; inner apical margin of metatibia with rastellum; auricle frequently present. Wings uniformly setose. Prepygidial fimbria and pygidial plate absent.

<==Corbiculata [Apes]
    |  i. s.: Electrobombus Engel 2001 [Electrobombini] E01
    |           `--*E. samlandensis Engel 2001 E01
    |         Electrapini E01
    |--Euglossini [Euglossae, Euglossinae] CSD10
    |    |--Eufriesea CSD10 [incl. Paleoeuglossa Poinar 1998 E01]
    |    |    |--E. melissiflora (Poinar 1998) [=*Paleoeuglossa melissiflora] E01
    |    |    |--E. mexicana PK17
    |    |    |--E. pulchra (Smith 1854) CSD10
    |    |    `--E. surinamensis (Linnaeus 1758) CSD10
    |    `--+--Eulaema meriana (Olivier 1789) CSD10
    |       `--+--Aglae caerulea Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville 1825 CSD10
    |          `--+--Exaerete frontalis (Guérin-Méneville 1845) CSD10
    |             `--Euglossa Latreille 1802 PK17, L02a
    |                  |--E. cordata (Linnaeus 1758) L02a, L58 [=Apis cordata L02a]
    |                  |--E. dilemma PK17
    |                  |--E. gulosa L02b [=Andrena gulosa L02a, Apis gulosa L02b]
    |                  |--E. imperialis Cockerell 1922 CSD10
    |                  |--E. morenei CSD10
    |                  `--E. piliventris Guérin-Méneville 1845 CSD10
    `--+--+--Bombini PK17
       |  `--+--Meliponini CSD10
       |     `--Melikertini E01
       |          |--Melissites Engel 2001 E01
       |          |    `--*M. trigona Engel 2001 E01
       |          |--Roussyana Manning 1960 [=Russyana (l. c.)] E01
       |          |    `--*R. palmnickenensis (Roussy 1937) (see below for synonymy) E01
       |          |--Melikertes Engel 1998 E01
       |          |    |--*M. stilbonotus (Engel 1998) [=Electrapis (Melikertes) stilbonota] E01
       |          |    |--M. clypeatus Engel 2001 E01
       |          |    `--M. proavus (Menge 1856) (see below for synonymy) E01
       |          `--Succinapis Engel 2001 E01
       |               |--S. goeleti Engel 2001 E01
       |               `--+--*S. proboscidea Engel 2001 E01
       |                  `--S. micheneri Engel 2001 E01
       `--Apis PK17

Melikertes proavus (Menge 1856) [=Apis proava, Electrapis (Melikertes) proava, E. (Roussyana) proava, Trigona (R.) proava] E01

*Roussyana palmnickenensis (Roussy 1937) [=Apis palmnickenensis, Electrapis (Roussyana) palmnickenensis, Trigona (R.) palmnickenensis, Roussyana palmuickenensis (l. c.); incl. Electrapis minuta Kelner-Pillault 1970] E01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CSD10] Cardinal, S., J. Straka & B. N. Danforth. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16207–16211.

[E01] Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1–192.

[L02a] Latreille, P. A. 1802a. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Théophile Barrois père: Paris.

[L02b] Latreille, P. A. 1802b. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

Nomia

Pearly-banded bee Nomia strigata, from here.

Belongs within: Halictidae.

Nomia is a genus of bees whose species excavate nests in soil (Michener 1965).

Characters (from Michener 1965): First flagellar segment shorter than scape; proboscis with apices of galeae in repose not reaching posterior end of proboscidial fossa; mesepisternum with distinct pre-episternal groove extending but little below scrobal groove; stigma distinct, longer than broad; three submarginal cells present, second submarginal cell on posterior side shorter than first;, third submarginal cell at least three-fourths as long as first and more than twice as long as second; posterior tibial spurs present; hind tibia without corbicula.

Nomia Latreille 1804 M65
    |  i. s.: N. albocincta Lucas 1848 E12
    |         N. caerulescens Friese 1909 M65
    |         N. clavata (Smith 1853) [=Halictus clavatus] M65
    |         N. femoralis MS01
    |         N. flavilabris Lucas 1848 E12
    |         N. melanderi WP99
    |         N. perforata Lucas 1848 E12
    |--N. (Nomia) M65
    |    |--*N. (N.) curvipes (Fabricius 1781) [=Andrena curvipes] M65
    |    |--N. (N.) eburneifera M65
    |    `--N. (N.) viridilimbata M65
    |--N. (Austronomia Michener 1965) M65
    |    |--N. (*A.) australica Smith 1875 [=N. australiaca Dalla Torre 1896] M65
    |    |--N. (A.) adelaidella Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) aenea Smith 1875 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) aenescens Friese 1912 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) aerata Smith 1875 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) alboscopacea Friese 1917 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) analis Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) antennata M65
    |    |--N. (A.) argentifrons Smith 1862 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) aurata M65
    |    |--N. (A.) babindensis Cockerell 1930 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) brisbanensis Cockerell 1913 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) cheesmanae Michener 1965 (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |--N. (A.) clypeata M65
    |    |--N. (A.) cyanella Cockerell 1913 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) dentiventris Smith 1875 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) dimissa Cockerell 1921 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) doddi Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) erimae Friese 1909 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) excellens Cockerell 1929 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) ferricauda Cockerell 1913 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) flavoviridis Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) fortior Cockerell 1929 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) frenchi Cockerell 1912 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) fruhstorferi M65
    |    |--N. (A.) fulvoanalis Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) generosa Smith 1875 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) geophila Cockerell 1930 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) gilberti Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) gracilipes Smith 1875 [incl. N. haemorrhoidalis Westwood 1875] M65
    |    |--N. (A.) grisella Cockerell 1913 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) hippophila Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) hypodonta Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) kankauana M65
    |    |--N. (A.) kurandina Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) latetibialis Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) latitarsis Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) latiuscula Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) maai Michener 1965 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) macularis Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) melanodonta Cockerell 1926 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) melanoptera Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) melvilliana Cockerel 1929 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) miranda Rayment 1954 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) moerens Smith 1875 M65 [=Lipotriches moerens ZS10]
    |    |--N. (A.) muscosa Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) musgravei Cockerell 1929 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) nana Smith 1875 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) nuda Rayment 1939 [=N. australica nuda] M65
    |    |--N. (A.) pennata Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) perlucida M65
    |    |--N. (A.) phanerusa Cockerell 1913 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) philippinensis M65
    |    |--N. (A.) pilipes M65
    |    |--N. (A.) purnongensis Cockerell 1913 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) reginae Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) regis Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) ‘rubra’ Rayment 1931 non Friese 1904 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) rufocognita Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) satelles Cockerell 1912 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) semiaurea Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) semipallida Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) sicheli Vachal 1897 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) smithella Gribodo 1894 [incl. N. ruficornis Smith 1875 non Spinola 1838] M65
    |    |--N. (A.) stalkeri Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) subaustralica Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) submoerens Cockerell 1914 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) tenuihirta Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) testaceipes Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) thor Cockerell 1930 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) turneri Friese 1924 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) ulongensis Cockerell 1929 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) victoriae Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (A.) willeyi Cameron 1905 [incl. N. gazellae Friese 1909, N. metallica Cameron 1901 non Smith 1863] M65
    |    `--N. (A.) wilmattae Cockerell 1929 M65
    |--N. (Curvinomia Michener 1944) (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |--N. (C.) tetrazona Cockerell 1910 (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |--N. (C.) albofasciata M65
    |    |--N. (C.) aurantifer Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (C.) borneana M65
    |    |--N. (C.) chalybeata Smith 1875 [=*Paranomia chalybeata, *Paranomina chalybeata] M65
    |    |--N. (C.) elegans M65
    |    |--N. (C.) formosa M65
    |    |--N. (C.) fulvata (Fabricius 1804) [=Megilla fulvata, Amegilla fulvata] M65
    |    |--N. (C.) iridescens Smith 1853 M65
    |    |--N. (C.) longitarsis M65
    |    |--N. (C.) lusoria M65
    |    |--N. (C.) luteofasciata Friese 1917 M65
    |    |--N. (C.) megasoma M65
    |    |--N. (C.) mimosae M65
    |    |--N. (C.) opulenta Smith 1864 M65
    |    |--N. (C.) penangensis M65
    |    |--N. (C.) quadridentata Smith 1875 M65
    |    |--N. (C.) ridleyi M65
    |    |--N. (C.) subpurpurea M65
    |    |--N. (C.) swainsoniae Cockerell 1921 M65
    |    |--N. (C.) tuberculifrons M65
    |    `--N. (C.) viridicincta M65
    |--N. (Hoplonomia Ashmead 1904) M65
    |    |--N. (*H.) quadrifasciata (Ashmead 1904) [=*Hoplonomia quadrifasciata] M65
    |    |--N. (H.) amboinensis Cockerell 1907 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) austrovagans Cockerell 1905 M65 [=N. (H.) pulchribalteata var. austrovagans R35]
    |    |--N. (H.) callichlora M65
    |    |--N. (H.) cuneata M65
    |    |--N. (H.) darwinorum Cockerell 1910 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) ellioti Smith 1875 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) flavipennis Friese 1909 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) froggatti Cockerell 1911 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) incerta M65
    |    |--N. (H.) lyonsiae Cockerell 1912 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) papuana Cockerell 1929 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) parvula M65
    |    |--N. (H.) pulchra M65
    |    |--N. (H.) pulchribalteata Cameron 1901 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) punctulata M65
    |    |--N. (H.) rhododonta M65
    |    |--N. (H.) rubroviridis Cockerell 1905 M65
    |    |--N. (H.) strigata (Fabricius 1793) [=Andrena strigata] M65
    |    |--N. (H.) tridentata M65
    |    `--N. (H.) westwoodi M65
    |--N. (Mellitidia Guérin-Méneville 1830) M65
    |    |--N. (*M.) australis (Guérin-Méneville 1830) [=Andrena australis] M65
    |    |--N. (M.) cincta Smith 1859 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) dentata Smith 1859 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) gressitti Michener 1965 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) horvarthi Friese 1909 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) kochi Friese 1909 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) longicornis Smith 1859 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) luteiventris Friese 1909 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) metallica Smith 1863 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) simillima Smith 1863 M65
    |    |--N. (M.) simplicinotum Michener 1965 M65
    |    `--N. (M.) tomentifera Friese 1909 M65
    |--N. (Pseudapis Kirby 1900) [incl. Nomiapis Cockerell 1919] M65
    |    |--N. (*P.) anomala (Kirby 1900) [=*Pseudapis anomala] M65
    |    |--N. (P.) diversipes Latreille 1806 [=*Nomiapis diversipes] M65
    |    `--N. (P.) lepidota Cockerell 1905 M65
    |--N. (Ptilonomia Michener 1965) M65
    |    `-N. (*P.) plumosa Michener 1965 M65
    |--N. (Reepenia Friese 1909) [incl. Megaloptodes Moure 1958] M65
    |    |--N. (*R.) variabilis Friese 1909 M65
    |    |--N. (R.) bidentata Smith 1863 M65
    |    |--N. (R.) bituberculata (Smith 1853) (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |--‘Reepenia’ brevicornis R35
    |    |--N. (R.) florea Smith 1863 M65
    |    |--N. (R.) fuliginosa Friese 1909 M65
    |    |--N. (R.) fulviventris Cameron 1901 M65
    |    |--N. (R.) ‘fulviventris’ Friese 1909 non Cameron 1901 M65
    |    |--N. (R.) ‘triangulifera’ Friese 1909 non Vachal 1897 M65
    |    `--N. (R.) zebrae Friese 1909 M65
    `--N. (Rhopalomelissa Alfken 1926) M65
         |--N. (*R.) xanthogastra (Alfken 1926) [=*Rhopalomelissa xanthogaster] M65
         |--N. (R.) abuensis M65
         |--N. (R.) andrennina M65
         |--N. (R.) aureohirta M65
         |--N. (R.) aurifrons M65
         |--N. (R.) basipicta M65
         |--N. (R.) basutorum M65
         |--N. (R.) bicarinata M65
         |--N. (R.) burmica M65
         |--N. (R.) carinicollis M65
         |--N. (R.) ceratina M65
         |--N. (R.) comberi M65
         |--N. (R.) elongata M65
         |--N. (R.) elongatula M65
         |--N. (R.) lautula M65
         |--N. (R.) levicauda M65
         |--N. (R.) fausta M65
         |--N. (R.) floralis M65
         |--N. (R.) fulvinerva M65
         |--N. (R.) halictella Cockerell 1905 M65
         |--N. (R.) kangrae M65
         |--N. (R.) levicauda M65
         |--N. (R.) mediorufa M65
         |--N. (R.) minutula Friese 1909 M65
         |--N. (R.) modesta Smith 1862 [incl. N. clavata Smith 1862 non Halictus clavatus Smith 1853] M65
         |--N. (R.) morata M65
         |--N. (R.) notabilis M65
         |--N. (R.) palavanica M65
         |--N. (R.) patellifera M65
         |--N. (R.) phenacura M65
         |--N. (R.) pseudoceratina Cockerell 1910 M65
         |--N. (R.) rubella M65
         |--N. (R.) triangularis Cockerell 1905 M65
         `--N. (R.) williamsi Cockerell 1930 M65

Nomia (Austronomia) cheesmanae Michener 1965 [=N. nuda Cheesman 1953 non N. australica nuda Rayment 1939] M65

Nomia (Curvinomia Michener 1944) [incl. Paranomia Friese 1897 non Conrad 1860, Paranomina Michener 1944 non Hendel 1907] M65

Nomia (Curvinomia) tetrazona Cockerell 1910 [incl. N. californiensis Michener 1937, *Curvinomia californiensis] M65

Nomia (Reepenia) bituberculata (Smith 1853) [=Megalopta bituberculata, *Megaloptodes bituberculata; incl. Nomia (Reepenia) eboracina Cockerell 1912, Tetralonia testacea Smith 1854] M65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[ZS10] Zborowski, P., & R. Storey. 2010. A Field Guide to Insects in Australia 3^rd ed. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

Melittidae

Female Melitta leporina, copyright Steven Falk.

Belongs within: Apiformes.

The Melittidae are a group of short-tongued bees in which the scopa is limited to the metatibia and metabasitarsus (Engel 2001).

Characters (from Engel 2001): Labrum frequently much wider than long, apical margin fringed with bristles. Single subantennal suture; suture meets lower margin of antennal socket frequently at midpoint, although sometimes slightly laterad midpoint (either outer or inner side of lower margin), never meeting outer margin of antennal socket. Facial foveae absent. Lower lateral margin of clypeus not bent posteriorly on either side of labrum. Flabellum absent; glossa acute; glossal rod absent; paraglossa frequently reduced, sometimes absent; labial palpus with first two segments cylindrical, not sheath-like, third and fourth segments in line with preceding segments, not projecting laterally. Mentum elongate, tapering basally, curved over submentum to its articulation; apex of mentum articulated with prementum via fragmentum; submentum strongly V-shaped and sclerotised, submental arms articulating with cardines slightly above cardo-stipital articulations. Galeal blade equal or shorter than stipes, frequently longer than prepalpal section of galea; galeal comb present; stipital comb and concavity absent; basistipital process elongate. Pre-episternal groove absent. Mesocoxa entirely exposed. Metabasitibial plate frequently distinct. Scopa restricted to metatibia and metabasitarsus. Jugal lobe of hind wing one quarter to one half as long as vannal lobe. Metapostnotum without pubescence. Pygidial plate and fimbria of female present; pygidial plate of male frequently absent. Volsella present; penis valves do not form a distinct spatha.

<==Melittidae [Dasypodainae]
    |--+--Sambini E01
    |  |    |--Samba E01
    |  |    `--Haplomelitta E01
    |  `--Dasypodaini CSD10
    |       |--Eremaphanta E01
    |       |--Capicola E01
    |       |--Hesperapis CSD10
    |       |    |--H. larreae Cockerell 1907 CSD10
    |       |    `--H. regularis HR11
    |       |--Xeralictoides E01
    |       `--Dasypoda Latreille 1802 L02
    |            |--D. argentata Panzer 1809 CSD10
    |            |--D. hirtipes [=Andrena hirtipes] L02
    |            `--D. plumipes MS01 [=Andrena plumipes L02]
    `--+--Meganomiinae CSD10
       |    |--Meganomia binghami (Cockerell 1909) CSD10
       |    |--Ceratomonia E01
       |    |--Uromonia E01
       |    `--Pseudophilanthus E01
       `--Melittinae CSD10
            |--Redivivini E01
            |    |--Rediviva E01
            |    `--Redivivoides E01
            `--Melittini E01
                 |  i. s.: Dolichochile E01
                 |--+--Promelitta [Promelittini] CSD10
                 |  |    `--P. alboclypeata (Friese 1900) CSD10
                 |  `--Macropidinae [Macropididae] E01
                 |       |--Eomacropis Engel 2001 CSD10, E01 [Eomacropidini]
                 |       |    `--*E. glaesaria Engel 2001 E01
                 |       `--+--Palaeomacropis eocenicus CSD10, PK17
                 |          `--Macropis [Macropidini] CSD10
                 |               |--M. fulvipes PK17
                 |               |--M. labiata R35
                 |               `--M. nuda (Provancher 1882) CSD10
                 `--Melitta CSD10
                      |--M. albofasciata MS01
                      |--M. arrogans (Smith 1879) CSD10
                      |--M. haemorrhoidalis R35
                      `--M. leporina MS01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CSD10] Cardinal, S., J. Straka & B. N. Danforth. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16207–16211.

[E01] Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1–192.

[HR11] Heraty, J., F. Ronquist, J. M. Carpenter, D. Hawks, S. Schulmeister, A. P. Dowling, D. Murray, J. Munro, W. C. Wheeler, N. Schiff & M. Sharkey. 2011. Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 73–88.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Théophile Barrois père: Paris.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.

Osmiini

Female Osmia coerulescens carrying masticated leaf, copyright Jeremy Early.

Belongs within: Megachilidae.
Contains: Megachilini.

The Osmiini are a group of megachilid bees with an arolium and an elongate pterostigma (Engel 2001). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this group is paraphyletic to the Megachilini (Cardinal et al. 2010).

Characters (from Engel 2001): Arolium present; claws simple (rarely cleft). Pterostigma longer than wide; 2m-cu basad 2rs-m. Integument usually without maculations, frequently metallic or with metallic highlights.

<==Osmiini [Chelostomidae, Glyptapidae, Osmiinae, Osmiites, Trypetini] E01
    |--+--Afroheriades hyalinus CSD10
    |  `--Megachilini CSD10
    `--+--Chelostoma Latreille 1809 CSD10, E01
       |    |--C. californicum Cresson 1878 CSD10
       |    |--C. campanularum R35
       |    |--C. florisomne K62
       |    `--C. mauritanica Lucas 1849 E12
       `--+--+--Protosmia rubifloris (Cockerell 1898) CSD10
          |  `--Heriades Spinola 1808 CSD10, E01 [incl. Trypetes Schenck 1861 E01; Heriadini, Trypetina]
          |       |--H. crucifer Cockerell 1897 CSD10
          |       |--H. parvula R35
          |       `--H. truncorum PK17
          `--+--Hoplitis albifrons (Kirby 1837) CSD10
             `--+--Ashmeadiella aridula Cockerell 1910 CSD10
                `--+--Hoplosmia scutellaris (Morawitz 1868) CSD10
                   `--Osmiina E01
                        |--Metalinella E01
                        `--Osmia Panzer 1806 CSD10, E01
                             |  i. s.: O. bennettae R35
                             |         O. bruneri R35
                             |         O. cerinthidis MS01
                             |         O. claviventris MS01
                             |         O. cognata R35
                             |         O. cornifrons KIW98
                             |         O. cornuta K62
                             |         O. excavata K62
                             |         O. ferruginea R35
                             |         O. cyanea R35
                             |         O. latreillii R35
                             |         O. luctuosa Lucas 1848 E12
                             |         O. mandibularis R35
                             |         O. metallica Lucas 1848 E12
                             |         O. morawitzi R35
                             |         O. nigrifrons R35
                             |         O. novomexicana R35
                             |         O. papaveris MS01
                             |         O. pumila KIW98
                             |         O. rufohirta R35
                             |         O. spinulosa MS01
                             |         O. tricornis R35
                             |         O. tridentata R35
                             |--O. (Osmia) K62
                             |    |--O. (O.) lignaria Say 1837 K62, CSD10
                             |    `--O. (O.) rufa [incl. O. bicornis] K62
                             |--O. (Chalcosmia) coerulescens K62
                             `--O. (Melanosmia) bucephala K62

Osmiini incertae sedis:
  Ochreriades E01
  Apiaria Germar 1839 E01
    `--*A. dubia Germar 1839 E01
  Glyptapis Cockerell 1909 [Glyptapina, Glyptapinae] E01
    |--*G. mirabilis Cockerell 1909 E01
    |--G. densopunctata Engel 2001 E01
    |--G. disareolata Engel 2001 E01
    `--G. fuscula Cockerell 1909 (see below for synonymy) E01
  Andronicus cylindricus [incl. Hoplitis monardae] R35
  Alcidamea R35
    |--A. hypocrita R35
    `--A. producta R35

Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell 1909 [incl. G. neglecta Salt 1931, G. reducta Cockerell 1909, G. reticulata Cockerell 1909] E01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CSD10] Cardinal, S., J. Straka & B. N. Danforth. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16207–16211.

[E01] Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1–192.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[KIW98] Kearns, C. A., D. W. Inouye & N. M. Waser. 1998. Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 83–112.

[K62] Krombein, K. V. 1962. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XVI. Biological notes on Chaetodactylus krombeini Baker, a parasitic mite of the megachilid bee, Osmia (Osmia) lignaria Say (Acarina: Chaetodactylidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 237–250.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.

Megachile (Eutricharaea)

Megachile macularis visiting Stemodia viscosa flower, copyright Jenny Thynne.

Belongs within: Megachilini.

Megachile subgenus Eutricharaea is a group of relatively generalised leafcutter bees found in Eurasia, Africa and Australasia (Michener 1965).

Characters (from Michener 1965): Usually dull colored, gray, often with pale metasomal bands of hair; mandible of female with cutting edge present in third interval, cutting edge in second interval usually present although incomplete; third mandibular tooth of female, as well as second, angulate; sixth tegum of male with carina emarginate medially, apical margin with small lateral teeth only, in some cases weak indications of two other teeth.

<==Megachile (Eutricharaea Thomson 1872) [=Paramegachile Friese 1898; incl. Androgynella Cockerell 1911] M65
    |--M. (*E.) argentata (Fabricius 1793) [=Apis argentata, *Paramegachile argentata] M65
    |--M. (E.) albomarginata Smith 1879 M65
    |--M. (E.) annae Friese 1908 M65
    |--M. ‘(Paramegachile)’ apicalis MS01
    |--M. (E.) armstrongi Perkins & Cheesman 1928 M65
    |--M. (E.) aurantiscopa Krombein 1949 M65
    |--M. (E.) austeni Cockerell 1906 M65
    |--M. (E.) australasiae Dalla Torre 1896 [incl. M. imitata Smith 1868 non Smith 1853] M65
    |--M. (E.) australis Lucas 1876 M65
    |--M. (E.) buxtoni Perkins & Cheesman 1928 M65
    |--M. (E.) calens Cockerell 1914 M65
    |--M. (E.) capitonis Cockerell 1914 M65
    |--M. (E.) cetera Cockerell 1912 M65
    |--M. (E.) chrysopyga Smith 1853 M65
    |--M. (E.) chrysopygopsis Cockerell 1929 M65
    |--M. (E.) chyzeri Friese 1909 M65
    |--M. (E.) ciliatipes Cockerell 1921 M65
    |--M. (E.) cingulata Friese 1903 M65
    |--M. (E.) cygnorum Cockerell 1906 M65
    |--M. (E.) dampieri Cockerell 1907 M65
    |--M. (E.) darwiniana Cockerell 1906 M65
    |--M. (E.) detersa Cockerell 1910 [=*Androgynella detersa] M65
    |--M. (E.) diligens M65
    |--M. (E.) disputabilis Krombein 1951 M65
    |--M. (E.) doanei Cockerell 1908 M65
    |--M. (E.) doleschalli Cockerell 1907 M65
    |--M. (E.) dubiosa Friese 1909 M65
    |--M. (E.) fimbriventris Friese 1911 M65
    |--M. (E.) fullawayi Cockerell 1914 M65
    |--M. (E.) fulvifrons Alfken 1926 M65
    |--M. (E.) gahani Cockerell 1906 M65
    |--M. (E.) glaberrima Friese 1911 M65
    |--M. (E.) haematogastra Cockerell 1921 M65
    |--M. (E.) hampsoni Cockerell 1906 M65
    |--M. (E.) hedleyi Rainbow 1897 M65
    |--M. (E.) ignescens Cockerell 1929 M65
    |--M. (E.) insularis Smith 1859 M65
    |--M. (E.) kurandensis Cockerell 1910 M65
    |--M. (E.) kuschei Cockerell 1939 M65
    |--M. (E.) leucopogon Cockerell 1929 M65
    |--M. (E.) lineatipes Cockerell 1910 M65
    |--M. ‘(Paramegachile)’ lucidula Mocsáry in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |--M. (E.) maculariformis Cockerell 1907 M65
    |--M. (E.) macularis Dalla Torre 1896 [incl. M. maculata Smith 1853 non Apis maculata] M65
    |--M. (E.) minutula Friese 1911 M65
    |--M. (E.) obtusa Smith 1853 M65
    |--M. (E.) papuana Cockerell 1929 M65
    |--M. (E.) phenacopyga Cockerell 1910 M65
    |--M. (E.) pictiventris Smith 1879 M65
    |--M. (E.) quinquelineata Cockerell 1906 M65
    |--M. (E.) rhodogastra Cockerell 1910 M65
    |--M. (E.) rowlandi Cockerell 1930 M65
    |--M. (E.) rufopilosa Friese 1911 M65
    |--M. (E.) scutellata Smith 1879 M65
    |--M. (E.) secunda Dalla Torre 1896 [incl. M. senex Smith 1862 non Smith 1853] M65
    |--M. (E.) sequior Cockerell 1910 M65
    |--M. (E.) serricauda Cockerell 1910 M65
    |--M. (E.) shortlandi Cockerell 1911 M65
    |--M. (E.) similis Smith 1879 M65
    |--M. (E.) simplex Smith 1853 M65
    |--M. (E.) subsericeicauda Rayment 1939 M65
    |--M. (E.) tenuicincta Cockerell 1929 M65
    |--M. (E.) tutuilae Perkins & Cheesman 1928 M65
    |--M. (E.) vavauensis Cockerell 1924 M65
    |--M. (E.) ventralis Smith 1861 M65
    |--M. (E.) waterhousei Cockerell 1906 M65
    |--M. (E.) wilmattae Cockerell 1924 M65
    |--M. (E.) woodfordi Cockerell 1911 M65
    |--M. (E.) wyndhamensis Rayment 1935 M65
    `--M. (E.) zingowli Cheesman 1936 M65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

Megachilini

Megachile centuncularis, copyright Sandy Spitalnik.

Belongs within: Osmiini.
Contains: Coelioxys (Coelioxys), Chalicodoma (Austrochile), Chalicodoma (Callomegachile), Chalicodoma (Chelostomoda), Chalicodoma (Hackeriapis), Megachile (Callochile), Megachile (Eutricharaea).

The Megachilini, leafcutter bees and resin bees, are a group of often large bees that construct nests in holes using rolled pieces of leaf, or from collected resin or mud.

Characters (from Michener 1965): Stigma distinct, distal to middle of forewing; marginal cell closed at apex; jugal lobe of hind wing less than half as long as vannal; corbicula absent; outer surfaces of tibiae without large bare spicules, or spicules on anterior pair only; arolia absent.

<==Megachilini [Chalicodomopsini, Coelioxyinae]
    |--Creightonella Cockerell 1908 M65
    |    |--*C. mitimia [=Megachile mitimia] M65
    |    |--C. albifrons M65
    |    |--C. atrata M65
    |    |--C. bellula M65
    |    |--C. consanguinea M65
    |    |--C. fervida M65
    |    |--C. fraterna M65
    |    |--C. frontalis (Fabricius 1804) (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    `--C. takaoensis M65
    |--Coelioxys Latreille 1809 M65
    |    |  i. s.: C. acuminata MS01
    |    |         C. alternata Say 1837 CSD10
    |    |         C. amboinensis Dusmet y Alonso 1915 M65
    |    |         C. coloradensis R35
    |    |         C. conoidea MS01
    |    |         C. grindeliae R35
    |    |         C. octodentata R35
    |    |         C. quadridentata MS01
    |    |         C. rufitarsus R35
    |    |--C. (Coelioxys) M65
    |    `--C. (Liothyrapis Cockerell 1911) M65
    |         |--C. (L.) decipiens Spinola 1836 [incl. C. apicata Smith 1854, *Liothyrapis apicata] M65
    |         |--C. (L.) albiceps Friese 1909 M65
    |         `--C. (L.) weinlandi Schulz 1904 M65
    |--Chalicodoma Lepeletier 1841 (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |  i. s.: C. pyrenaica R35
    |    |         ‘Megachile’ quodi Vachal 1907 M65
    |    |         C. ramdara M65
    |    |         C. rufescens R35
    |    |         C. rufitarsis [incl. C. pyrrhopeza] R35
    |    |         C. sicula R35
    |    |         C. stulta M65
    |    |--*C. (Chalicodoma) muraria (Retzius 1783) M65 [=Apis muraria M65, Megachile muraria L02]
    |    |--C. (Austrochile) M65
    |    |--C. (Callomegachile) M65
    |    |--C. (Chalicodomoides Michener 1962) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*C.) aethiops (Smith 1853) [=Megachile aethiops] M65
    |    |    |--C. (C.) clarki (Cockerell 1914) [=Megachile clarki] M65
    |    |    |--C. (C.) doddiana (Cockerell 1906) [=Megachile doddiana] M65
    |    |    `--C. (C.) oppidalis (Cockerell 1926) [=Megachile oppidalis] M65
    |    |--C. (Chelostomoda) M65
    |    |--C. (Chelostomoides Robertson 1901) (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |    `--C. (C.) georgica M65
    |    |--C. (Eumegachilana Michener 1965) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*E.) clotho (Smith 1861) [=Megachile clotho] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) gigantea (Friese 1911) [=Megachile gigantea] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) godeffroyi (Friese 1911) [=Megachile godeffroyi] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) ingens (Friese 1903) [=Megachile ingens] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) monticola M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) pluto (Smith 1861) [=Megachile pluto] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) sculpturalis M65
    |    |    `--C. (E.) tuberculata M65
    |    |--C. (Hackeriapis) M65
    |    |--C. (Rhodomegachile Michener 1965) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*R.) abdominalis (Smith 1853) [=Megachile abdominalis] M65
    |    |    `--C. (R.) deanii (Rayment 1935) M65 [=Megachile (Hackeriapis) deanii R35]
    |    |--C. (Schizomegachile Michener 1965) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*S.) monstrosa (Smith 1868) [=Megachile monstrosa] M65
    |    |    `--C. (S.) cornifera (Radoszkowski 1874) [=Megachile cornifera] M65
    |    `--C. (Thaumatosoma Smith 1865) M65
    |         `--C. (*T.) duboulaii (Smith 1865) [=*Thaumatosoma duboulaii] M65
    `--Megachile Latreille 1802 E01
         |  i. s.: M. acuta R35
         |         M. acutiventris Friese 1903 M65
         |         M. adelaidae Cockerell 1910 M65
         |         M. albocincta R35
         |         M. amboinensis Friese 1909 [incl. M. rufa Friese 1903 non Friese 1903] M65
         |         M. angelarum Cockerell 1902 CSD10
         |         M. aterrima [=Apis aterrima] L02
         |         M. aurantiaca Friese 1905 M65
         |         M. bicornis (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis bicornis L02]
         |         M. bombycina MS01
         |         M. brevis R35
         |         M. campanulae R35
         |         M. castaneipes Friese 1908 M65
         |         M. circumcincta R35
         |         M. cleomis R35
         |         M. disjuncta R35
         |         M. ericetorum Lepeletier 1841 CSD10
         |         M. fasciculata [incl. M. anthracina, M. hornei] R35
         |         M. florentina [=Apis florentina] L02
         |         M. fortis R35
         |           |--M. f. fortis R35
         |           `--M. f. vestali R35
         |         M. fraterna B03
         |         M. fusca Friese 1903 M65
         |         M. gemmula R35
         |         M. infragilis R35
         |         M. lagopoda MS01 [=Apis lagopoda L02]
         |         M. lanata R35
         |         M. latimanus R35
         |         M. maculata [=Apis maculata] L02
         |         M. manicata (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis manicata L02]
         |         M. maritima MS01
         |         M. maxillosa [=Hylaeus maxillosus] L02
         |         M. melanopyga MS01
         |         M. mertoni Friese 1909 M65
         |         M. monticola B03
         |         M. montivaga R35
         |         M. papaveris (Latreille 1799) L02, L99 [=Apis papaveris L02]
         |         M. perbrevis R35
         |         M. perihirta R35
         |         M. proxima R35
         |         M. quattuordentata (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis quattuordentata L02]
         |         M. relativa R35
         |         M. rotundata DH02
         |         M. rufa (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis rufa L02]
         |         M. subatrella Rayment 1939 M65
         |         M. subrixator [incl. Androgynella subrixator] R35
         |         M. swarbrecki Rayment 1946 M65
         |         M. taua Strand 1911 M65
         |         M. timberlakei R35
         |         M. toxopei Alfken 1926 M65
         |         M. versicolor MS01
         |         M. willughbiella PK17
         |         M. wootani R35
         |--M. (Megachile) [incl. Anthemois Robertson 1903, Cyphopyga Robertson 1903] M65
         |    `--*M. (M.) centuncularis (Linnaeus 1758) [=Apis centuncularis] M65
         |--M. (Acentron Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Amegachile Friese 1909) M65
         |--M. (Argyropile Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Austromegachile Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Callochile) M65
         |--M. (Chalicodomopsis) Engel 1999 E01
         |    `--M. (*C.) glaesaria Engel 1999 E01
         |--M. (Chrysosarus Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Cressoniella Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Dactylomegachile Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Dasymegachile Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Delomegachile Viereck 1916) M65
         |--M. (Derotropis Mitchell 1936) M65
         |--M. (Eumegachile Friese 1898) M65
         |--M. (Eutricharaea) M65
         |--M. (Holcomegachile Moure 1953) M65
         |--M. (Leptorachis Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Litomegachile Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Megachiloides Mitchell 1924) M65
         |--M. (Melanosarus Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Mitchellapis Michener 1965) M65
         |    |--M. (*M.) fabricator Smith 1868 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) batchelori Cockerell 1929 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) conaminis Cockerell 1926 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) fuscitarsis Cockerell 1912 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) semiclara Cockerell 1929 M65
         |    `--M. (M.) vestitor Cockerell 1910 M65
         |--M. (Neomegachile Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Phaenosarus Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Pseudocentron Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Ptilosarus Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Sayapis Titus 1905) [incl. Ceratias Robertson 1903, Gnathocera Provancher 1882] M65
         |--M. (Tylomegachile Moure 1953) M65
         |--M. (Xanthosarus Robertson 1903) M65
         `--M. (Xeromegachile Mitchell 1934) M65

Chalicodoma Lepeletier 1841 [incl. Archimegachile Alfken 1933, Digronoceras Cockerell 1931, Gronoceras Cockerell 1907, Maximegachile Guiglia & Pasteels 1961, Pseudomegachile Friese 1898, Stelodides Moure 1953] M65

Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides Robertson 1901) [incl. Gnathodon Robertson 1903 nec Jardine 1845 nec Verrill 1899, Oligotropus Robertson 1903, Sarogaster Robertson 1918] M65

Creightonella frontalis (Fabricius 1804) [=Anthophora frontalis; incl. Megachile alecto Smith 1861, M. assimilis Friese 1903, M. fuscipennis Friese 1903, M. lachesis Smith 1861, M. megista Cameron 1901] M65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B03] Bingham, C. T. 1903. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera vol. 2. Ants and Cuckoo-Wasps. Taylor and Francis: London.

[CSD10] Cardinal, S., J. Straka & B. N. Danforth. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16207–16211.

[DH02] Donovan, B. J., A. Havron, D. M. Leathwick & J. S. Ishay. 2002. Release of Sphecophaga orientalis Donovan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) in New Zealand as a possible ‘new association’ biocontrol agent for the adventive social wasps Vespula germanica (F.) and Vespula vulgaris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae). New Zealand Entomologist 25: 17–25.

[E01] Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1–192.

[L99] Latreille, P. A. 1799. Observation sur l'abeille tapissière de Réaumur. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 2 (29): 33.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Théophile Barrois père: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.

Anthrena

Ashy mining bee Anthrena cineraria, copyright Orangeaurochs.

Belongs within: Apidae.

Anthrena has been used as a name for a Holarctic genus of bees, currently treated under the name Andrena.

≪==Anthrena MS01
    |--A. albopunctata [incl. A. funebris] MS01
    |--A. carbonaria MS01
    |--A. chrysopyga MS01
    |--A. chrysosceles MS01
    |--A. cineraria MS01
    |--A. congruens MS01
    |--A. csikiana Mocsáry in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |--A. extricata MS01
    |--A. floricola MS01
    |--A. fulvago MS01
    |--A. fulvescens MS01
    |--A. fulvicrus MS01
    |--A. genevensis MS01
    |--A. gwynana MS01
    |--A. labialis MS01
    |--A. lucens MS01
    |--A. morawitzii MS01
    |--A. nana MS01
    |--A. parvula MS01
    |--A. pectoralis MS01
    |--A. shawella MS01
    |--A. simillima MS01
    |--A. spectabilis MS01
    |--A. tarsata MS01
    `--A. thoracica MS01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

Colletinae

Male Paracolletes, from the United States Geological Survey.

Belongs within: Apiformes.
Contains: Leioproctus.

The Colletinae are a group of short-tongued bees that carry pollen externally on the scopa (Michener 1965).

Characters (from Michener 1965): Relatively hairy forms, females with scopa; antenna with first flagellar segment shorter than scape; glossa truncate or bilobed; pre-episternal groove usually extending well below scrobal groove.

<==Colletinae E01
    |--Colletes Latreille 1802 L02 [Colletini E01]
    |    |--*C. succinta [=Apis succinta; incl. Hylaeus glutinosus] L02
    |    |--C. clypeatus Mocsáry in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |    |--C. cunicularius PK17
    |    |--C. davesianus MS01
    |    |--C. fodiens MS01
    |    `--C. occidentalis R35
    `--Paracolletini [Lonchopriinae, Paracolletinae] E01
         |--Leioproctus M65
         |--Eulonchopria M65
         |--Hexantheda M65
         |--Tetraglossula M65
         |--Scrapter [incl. Strandiella] M65
         |--Hesperocolletes Michener 1965 M65
         |    `--*H. douglasi Michener 1965 M65
         |--Neopasiphae Perkins 1912 [Neopasiphaeinae] M65
         |    |--*N. mirabilis Perkins 1912 [incl. N. insignis Rayment 1930] M65
         |    `--N. simplicior Michener 1965 M65
         |--Callomelitta Smith 1853 [incl. Binghamiella Cockerell 1907, Pachyodonta Rayment 1954] M65
         |    |--*C. picta Smith 1853 M65
         |    |--C. antipodes (Smith 1853) [=Sphecodes antipodes, *Binghamiella antipodes, S. antipus Sichel 1865] M65
         |    |--C. chlorura Cockerell 1929 M65
         |    |--C. cyanescens Friese 1924 M65
         |    |--C. fulvicornis (Rayment 1954) [=Binghamiella (*Pachyodonta) fulvicornis] M65
         |    |--C. insularis (Cockerell 1914) M65 [=Binghamiella antipodes insularis R35]
         |    |--C. littleri Cockerell 1914 M65
         |    |--C. nigra (Rayment 1929) M65 [=Binghamiella antipodes var. nigra R35]
         |    |--C. nigriventris Friese 1924 M65
         |    |--C. nigrofasciata Cockerell 1918 M65
         |    |--C. perpicta Cockerell 1910 M65 [=C. picta perpicta R35]
         |    |--C. rugosa (Cockerell 1915) M65
         |    |--C. turnerorum Cockerell 1910 M65
         |    `--C. wilsoni Cockerell 1929 M65 [=C. picta var. wilsoni R35]
         |--Trichocolletes Cockerell 1912 M65
         |    |--T. (Trichocolletes) M65
         |    |    |--*T. (T.) venustus (Smith 1862) M65 [=Lamprocolletes venustus M65, Paracolletes venustus R35]
         |    |    |--T. (T.) aureotinctus (Cockerell 1906) [=Anthoglossa aureotincta] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) burnsi Michener 1965 M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) chrysostomus (Cockerell 1929) [=Paracolletes chrysostomus] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) daviesiae Rayment 1931 M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) dives (Cockerell 1914) [=Anthoglossa dives] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) dowerinensis Rayment 1931 M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) erythrurus (Cockerell 1914) [=Paracolletes erythrurus] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) hackeri (Cockerell 1913) [=Anthoglossa hackeri] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) latifrons (Cockerell 1914) [=Paracolletes latifrons] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) lucidus (Cockerell 1929) [=Paracolletes lucidus] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) marginatulus Michener 1965 M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) marginatus (Smith 1879) M65 [=Paracolletes marginatus M65, Anthoglossa marginata R35]
         |    |    |--T. (T.) maximus (Cockerell 1929) [=Paracolletes maximus] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) nigroclypeatus Rayment 1929 M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) rufibasis (Cockerell 1929) [=Paracolletes rufibasis] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) rufopilosus (Rayment 1935) [=Paracolletes rufopilosus] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) rufus (Rayment 1930) [=Paracolletes rufus] M65
         |    |    |--T. (T.) sericeus (Smith 1862) [=Anthoglossa sericea] M65
         |    |    `--T. (T.) tenuiculus Rayment 1931 M65
         |    `--T. (Callocolletes Michener 1965) M65
         |         `--T. (*C.) pulcherrimus Michener 1965 M65
         `--Paracolletes Smith 1853 M65
              |  i. s.: P. bicolor R35
              |         P. bimaculatus R35
              |         P. carinatus R35
              |         P. flavorufus R35
              |         P. fulvescens R35
              |         P. metallicus R35
              |         P. paradoxus R55
              |         P. punctatus R35
              |         P. ruficornis (Smith 1879) R35
              |--P. (Paracolletes) M65
              |    |--*P. (P.) crassipes Smith 1853 M65
              |    |--P. (P.) australis Friese 1924 M65
              |    |--P. (P.) brevicornis (Smith 1854) [=Tetralonia australis] M65
              |    |--P. (P.) convictus (Cockerell 1909) [=Tetralonia convicta] M65
              |    |--P. (P.) fervidus Smith 1879 M65
              |    |--P. (P.) leptospermi Cockerell 1912 M65
              |    |--P. (P.) rebellis Cockerell 1912 M65
              |    |--P. (P.) subfuscus Cockerell 1906 M65
              |    `--P. (P.) submacrodontus Rayment 1934 [=Stenotritus submacrodontus] M65
              `--P. (Anthoglossa Smith 1853) M65
                   |--P. (*A.) plumatus (Smith 1853) [=*Anthoglossa plumata] M65
                   |--P. (A.) callander Cockerell 1915 M65
                   |--P. (A.) cygni (Cockerell 1904) [=Anthoglossa cygni] M65
                   |--P. (A.) montanus Rayment 1935 M65
                   |--P. (A.) nigrocinctus Cockerell 1914 M65
                   |--P. (A.) rubellus (Smith 1868) [=Lamprocolletes rubellus; incl. P. frederici (Cockerell 1905)] M65
                   |--P. (A.) robustus Cockerell 1929 M65
                   |--P. (A.) tenuicinctus Cockerell 1914 M65
                   `--P. (A.) vittatus (Rayment 1931) [=Anthoglossa vittata] M65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E01] Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1–192.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Théophile Barrois père: Paris.

[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.

[R55] Rayment, T. 1955. Taxonomy, morphology and biology of sericophorine wasps with diagnoses of two new genera and descriptions of forty new species and six sub-species. Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne 19: 1–95.