Hylesininae

Black pine bark beetle Hylastes ater, copyright Aleksandrs Balodis.

Belongs within: Curculionidae.
Contains: Hylurgini, Hylesinini, Polygraphini, Crypturgini, Corthylini, Cryphalus, Xyloctonini, Hypoborini, Ipini, Dryocoetini, Xyleborini.

The name Hylesininae is available for a clade of bark beetles usually classified in recent years within the subfamily Scolytinae but suggested to be distinct by recent molecular phylogenies (e.g. Mugu et al. 2018).

<==Hylesininae W86
    |--+--+--Hylurgini MPJ18
    |  |  `--Hylastes Erichson 1836 M94 [Hylastini GC-P14, Hylastinides]
    |  |       |--*H. ater (Paykull 1800) [=Bostrichus ater, Hylesinus ater] M94
    |  |       |--H. brunneus RW02
    |  |       |--H. cunicularius RW02
    |  |       |--H. glabratus C01
    |  |       `--H. nigrinus W86
    |  `--Hylesinini GC-P14
    `--+--+--Polygraphini GC-P14
       |  `--Crypturgini GC-P14
       `--+--+--Corthylini GC-P14
          |  `--+--Cryphalus GC-P14
          |     `--Xyloctonini GC-P14
          `--+--Hypoborini GC-P14
             `--+--+--Premnobius Eichhoff 1878 W86 [incl. Premnophilus Browne 1962 W86; Premnobiini GC-P14]
                |  |    |--*P. cavipennis W86
                |  |    `--P. joveri [=Xyleborus joveri, *Premnophilus joveri] W86
                |  `--Ipini GC-P14
                `--+--Dryocoetini MPJ18
                   `--Xyleborini GC-P14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[GC-P14] Gillett, C. P. D. T., A. Crampton-Platt, M. J. T. N. Timmermans, B. H. Jordal, B. C. Emerson & A. P. Vogler. 2014. Bulk de novo mitogenome assembly from pooled total DNA elucidates the phylogeny of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (8): 2223–2237.

[M94] May, B. M. 1994. An introduction to the immature stages of Australian Curculionoidea. In: Zimmerman, E. C. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 2. Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a chapter on immature stages by Brenda May pp. 365–728. CSIRO Australia.

[MPJ18] Mugu, S., D. Pistone & B. H. Jordal. 2018. New molecular markers resolve the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic wood-boring weevils Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 76 (1): 45–58.

[RW02] Reay, S. D., & P. J. Walsh. 2002. Relative attractiveness of some volatiles to the introduced pine bark beetles, Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). New Zealand Entomologist 25: 51–56.

[W86] Wood, S. L. 1986. A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 10: 1–126.

Corthylini

Yellow-banded timber beetle Monarthrum fasciatum, copyright Katja Schulz.

Belongs within: Curculionidae.
Contains: Conophthorus, Pityophthorus, Corthylus.

The Corthylini are a cosmopolitan group of bark beetles (not found in Australia) characterised by emarginate eyes, a strongly flattened antennal club, and relatively slender tibiae. Members may be divided on the grounds of feeding habits between the phloeophagous Pityophthorina and the xylomycetophagous Corthylina, though the two subtribes are less clearly distinct morphologically. Phloeophagous species dominate in temperate regions whereas xylomycetophagous species are predominantly tropical (Wood 1986).

Characters (from Wood 1986): Frons usually dimorphic, either or both sexes feebly to strongly modified in sculpture and ornamentation; eye emarginate; scape usually elongate, rarely strongly flattened, funicle 1- to 5-segmented, club strongly flattened, sutures present or obsolete, frequently 1 and/or 2 septate; when present, sutures on posterior face little if any displaced toward apex; anterior slope of pronotum usually asperate, anterior margin frequently armed, lateral and basal margins frequently marked by a fine, raised line; procoxae contiguous, tibiae rather slender, their lateral margins rarely armed by more than four socketed teeth; metepisternal spine obsolete, replaced by small, transverse groove, thus making it possible for elytra in locked position to cover at least posterior two-thirds of metepisternum; vestiture usually hairlike, scales rarely present.

Corthylini [Amphicranidae, Araptidae, Corthyli, Pityophthoridae]
    |--Pityophthorina W86
    |    |  i. s.: Dacnophthorus Wood 1975 W86
    |    |           `--*D. clematis [=Gnathophthorus clematis] W86
    |    |         Mimiocurus Schedl 1957 [incl. Micracidendron Schedl 1957, Mimiophthorus Schedl 1957] W86
    |    |           |--*M. acuminatus W86
    |    |           |--M. montanus [=Brachydendrulus montanus, *Mimiophthorus montanus] W86
    |    |           `--‘*Micracidendron’ montanum non Brachydendrulus montanus W86
    |    |         Styphlosoma Blandoford 1904 W86
    |    |           `--*S. granulatum W86
    |    |         Phloeoterus Wood 1984 W86
    |    |           `--*P. burserae W86
    |    |         Araptus Eichhoff 1872 (see below for synonymy) W86
    |    |           |--*A. rufopalliatus W86
    |    |           |--A. argentiniae [=Breviophthorus argentiniae, *Gnathoborus argentiniae] W86
    |    |           |--A. costaricensis W86
    |    |           |--A. eggersi [=*Brachydendrulus eggersi] W86
    |    |           |--A. hymeneae [=*Neodryocoetes hymenaeae] W86
    |    |           |--A. laevigatus [=Pityophthorus laevigatus, *Neopityophthorus laevigatus] W86
    |    |           |--A. limax [=*Sphenoceros limax; incl. *Hypertensus reitteri (n. n.)] W86
    |    |           |--A. novateutonicus [=*Gnathocranus novateutonicus] W86
    |    |           `--A. volastos [=*Thamnophthorus volastos] W86
    |    |         Spermophthorus Costa Lima 1929 W86
    |    |           `--*S. apuleiae W86
    |    |         Pityoborus Blackman 1922 W86
    |    |           `--*P. comatus [=Crypturgus comatus] W86
    |    |         Pityotrichus Wood 1962 [=Pityophilus Blackman 1928 (preoc.)] W86
    |    |           `--*P. barbatus [=*Pityophilus barbatus] W86
    |    |         Gnatholeptus Blackman 1943 W86
    |    |           `--G. shannoni [=Pityophthorus shannoni; incl. *Gnatholeptus mandibularis]
    |    |         Pityodendron Schedl 1953 W86
    |    |           `--*P. madagascarensis W86
    |    |         Sauroptilius Browne 1970 W86
    |    |           `--*S. sauropterus [=Xyleborus sauropterus] W86
    |    |         Phelloterus Wood 1971 W86
    |    |           `--*P. tersus W86
    |    |--Pseudopityophthorus Swaine 1918 CG05, W86
    |    |    |--*P. minutissimus [=Crypturgus minutissimus] W86
    |    |    `--P. pubipennis CG05
    |    |--Dendroterus Blandford 1904 CG05, W86 [incl. Plesiophthorus Schedl 1940 W86, Xylochilus Schedl 1956 W86]
    |    |    |--*D. mexicanus W86
    |    |    |--D. perspectus [=*Plesiophthorus perspectus] W86
    |    |    |--D. sallaei [incl. *Xylochilus insularis] W86
    |    |    `--D. striatus CG05
    |    `--+--Conophthorus CG05
    |       `--Pityophthorus CG05
    `--Corthylina W86
         |--Gnatharus Wood & Yin 1986 W86
         |    `--*G. tibetensis W86
         |--Glochinocerus Blandford 1904 W86
         |    `--*G. retusipennis W86
         |--Brachyspartus Ferrari 1867 [=Thylurcos Schedl 1939] W86
         |    `--*B. moritzi [=*Thylurcos moritzi] W86
         |--Microcorthylus Ferrari 1867 W86
         |    `--*M. parvulus W86
         |--Corthycyclon Schedl 1951 W86
         |    `--*C. ustum W86
         |--Corthylocurus Wood 1966 W86
         |    `--*C. barbatus [=Brachyspartus barbatus] W86
         |--Metacorthylus Blandford 1904 W86
         |    |--*M. nigripennis W86
         |    `--M. velutinus [=*Paracorthylus velutinus] W86
         |--Amphicranus Erichson 1836 [incl. Piezorhopalus Guerin-Meneville 1838, Steganocranus Eichhoff 1878] W86
         |    |--*A. thoracicus [incl. *Piezorhopalus nitidulus] W86
         |    `--A. dohrni [=*Steganocranus dohrni] W86
         |--Tricolus Blandford 1905 [incl. Pterocyclonoides Schedl 1970] W86
         |    |--*T. ovicollis W86
         |    |--T. octodentatus [=*Pterocyclonoides octodentatus] W86
         |    `--T. peltatus W86
         |--Gnathotrichus Eichhoff 1869 (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--G. materiarius (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--G. pilosus (Leconte 1868) W86, B38 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--G. primus [=*Prognathotrichus primus] W86
         |    |--‘Ancyloderes’ saltoni Blackman 1938 B38
         |    `--‘Cryphalus’ sulcatus [=*Gnathotrichoides sulcatus] W86
         |--Gnathotrupes Schedl 1951 (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--*G. bolivianus W86
         |    |--G. caliculus [=*Gnathocortus caliculus] W86
         |    |--G. impressus [=*Gnathoglochinus impressus] W86
         |    |--G. nothofagi [=*Gnathomimus nothofagi] W86
         |    `--G. terebratus [=*Gnathotrypanus terebratus] W86
         |--Monarthrum Kirsch 1866 (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--*M. chapuisi W86
         |    |--M. cincinnatum [=*Trypocranus cincinnatus] W86
         |    |--M. comatum [=*Eupteroxylon comatum] W86
         |    |--M. cristatum [=*Cosmocorynus cristatus] W86
         |    |--M. fasciatum W86 [=Bostrichus fasciatus W86, *Corthylomimus fasciatus W86, Pterocyclon fasciatum G38]
         |    |--M. ingens [=*Phthorius ingens] W86
         |    |--M. laterale [=*Pterocyclon laterale] W86
         |    `--M. rufipes [=*Anchonocerus rufipes] W86
         `--Corthylus W86

Araptus Eichhoff 1872 [incl. Brachydendrulus Schedl 1951, Gnathoborus Schedl 1970, Gnathocranus Schedl 1951, Hypertensus Hagedorn in Schedl 1950 (n. n.), Neodryocoetes Eggers 1933, Neopityophthorus Schedl 1938, Sphenoceros Schedl 1939, Thamnophthorus Schedl 1938] W86

Gnathotrichus Eichhoff 1869 [incl. Ancyloderes Blackman 1938, Gnathotrichoides Blackman 1931, Paraxyleborus Hoffmann 1942, Prognathotrichus Bright 1972] W86

Gnathotrichus materiarius [=Tomicus materiarius; incl. *G. corthyloides, Xyleborus duprezi, *Paraxyleborus duprezi] W86

Gnathotrichus pilosus (Leconte 1868) W86, B38 [=Cryphalus pilosus W86, *Ancyloderes pilosus W86, Cryphalus pilosulus Leconte 1868 B38, Pityophthorus pilosulus B38, Pseudopityophthorus pilosulus B38]

Gnathotrupes Schedl 1951 [incl. Gnathocortus Schedl 1975, Gnathoglochinus Schedl 1975, Gnathomimus Schedl 1975, Gnathotrypanus Wood 1968] W86

Monarthrum Kirsch 1866 [incl. Anchonocerus Eichhoff 1878, Corthylomimus Ferrari 1867, Cosmocorynus Ferrari 1867, Eupteroxylon Eggers 1936, Phthorius Eichhoff 1878, Pterocyclon Eichhoff 1869, Trypocranus Eichhoff 1878] W86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B38] Blackman, M. W. 1938. Ancyloderes, a new genus of Scolytidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (7): 204–206.

[CG05] Cognato, A. I., N. E. Gillette, R. C. Bolaños & F. A. H. Sperling. 2005. Mitochondrial phylogeny of pine cone beetles (Scolytinae, Conophthorus) and their affiliation with geographic area and host. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 494–508.

[G38] Gurney, A. B. 1938. Minutes of the 489^th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (4): 111–114.

[W86] Wood, S. L. 1986. A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 10: 1–126.

Lixus

Lixus scabricollis, from UK Beetle Recording.

Belongs within: Lixinae.

Lixus is a genus of elongate weevils, their elytra at least twice as long as their combined length, with a cylindrical rostrum, triangular to kidney-shaped eyes whose lower edge is close to the ventral edge of the rostrum, and basally conjoined claws.

Lixus Fabricius 1801 M94
    |--L. (Lixus) M94
    |    |--*L. (L.) paraplecticus (Linnaeus 1758) M94, L58 [=Curculio paraplecticus M94]
    |    `--L. (L.) sulcirostris [=Curculio (L.) sulcirostris] G20
    |--L. (Compsolixus) nubianus Capiomont 1874 HF03
    |--L. (Dilixellus) HF03
    |    |--L. (D.) bardanae (Fabricius 1793) HF03
    |    `--L. (D.) vilis (Rossi 1790) HF03
    |--L. (Epimeces) HF03
    |    |--L. (E.) cardui (Olivier 1808) HF03
    |    |--L. (E.) constrictus Boheman 1836 HF03
    |    `--L. (E.) lutescens Capiomont 1874 HF03
    |--L. (Eulixus) scabricollis Boheman 1843 HF03
    `--L. (Ortholixus) curvirostris Capiomont 1874 HF03

Lixus incertae sedis:
  L. affinis Lucas 1847 E12
  L. anguinus L02
  L. australis Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
  L. bimaculatus Lucas 1847 E12
  L. biskrensis G89
  L. brevicaudatus Lucas 1847 E12
  L. breweri Pascoe 1874 M86
  L. coarctatus Lucas 1847 E12
  L. farinosus Dupont in Boisduval 1835 B35
  L. immundus Bohem. 1859 M86
  L. isselii Gestro 1889 G89
  L. lineola B35
  L. mastersi Pascoe 1874 M86
  L. octolineatus [=Curculio octolineatus] B35
  L. parcus G05
  L. wagneri Lucas 1847 E12

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[G05] Grissell, E. E. 2005. A review of North American species of Microdontomerus Crawford (Torymidae: Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14 (1): 22–65.

[HF03] Halperin, J., & J. Fremuth. 2003. Contribution to the knowledge of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) and their host plants in Israel. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 93–100.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part V. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 585–686.

[M94] May, B. M. 1994. An introduction to the immature stages of Australian Curculionoidea. In: Zimmerman, E. C. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 2. Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a chapter on immature stages by Brenda May pp. 365–728. CSIRO Australia.

Cossoninae

Cossonus linearis, copyright Siga.

Belongs within: Curculionidae.

The Cossoninae are a group of elongate-bodied weevils that are borers in dead or dying wood (Marvaldi & Lanteri 2005).

Characters (from Marvaldi & Lanteri 2005): Body elongate, parallel-sided, depressed. Rostrum often shorter than prothorax. All legs usually with uncinate tibiae; front tibiae with grooming device consisting of long comb of setae on apical third to half; hind tibiae lacking apical comb of setae. Tarsite 3 as wide as tarsite 2.

<==Cossoninae [Cossonides] GC-P14
    |--Acamptini B14
    |    |--Acamptella B14
    |    |--Trachodisca B14
    |    |--Pseudacamptopsis B14
    |    |--Acamptopsis B14
    |    |--Choerorrhynchus B14
    |    |--Menares B14
    |    |--Prionarthrus B14
    |    `--Acamptus [incl. Glyphostethus] Z93
    |         |--A. cancellatus B14
    |         `--A. rigidus LeConte 1876 B14
    |--Cossonini M94
    |    |--Mesites Schoenherr 1838 M94
    |    |    |--*M. pallidipennis Boheman 1837 M94, HF03
    |    |    `--M. cunipes Boheman 1837 HF03
    |    `--Cossonus D09
    |         |--C. albertisi Pascoe 1885 Mas86
    |         |--C. basalis Pascoe 1885 Mac86
    |         |--C. excavatus Pascoe 1885 Mas86
    |         |--C. fossatus ML05
    |         |--C. impressifrons Boheman 1838 D09
    |         |--C. indigens Pascoe 1885 Mas86
    |         |--C. linearis L02
    |         |--C. praeustus Mas86
    |         `--C. simsoni LB91
    |--Pentarthrum Wollaston 1854 [Pentarthrini] M94
    |    |--*P. huttoni Wollaston 1854 M94
    |    |--P. elumbe GC-P14
    |    |--P. helmsianum H15
    |    |--P. nigrum Woll. 1873 Mas86
    |    `--P. zealandicum Wollaston 1873 M94
    |--Araucariini M94
    |    |--Araucarius GE05
    |    `--Xenocnema Wollaston 1873 M94
    |         `--*X. spinipes Wollaston 1873 M94
    `--Rhyncolini M94
         |--Rhyncolus knowltoni W86
         `--Phloeophagosoma Wollaston 1873 M94
              |--*P. minutum Wollaston 1873 M94
              |--P. aesculi M94
              |--P. tenuis M94
              `--P. thoracicum Wollaston 1874 M94

Cossoninae incertae sedis:
  Choerorhinus squalidus Fairmaire 1857 HF03
  Pselactus spadix (Herbst 1795) HF03
  Pseudomimus avocadi Folwaczny 1973 HF03
  Phoenomerus exilis Pascoe 1872 Mas86
  Notiomimetes pascoei Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Cossonideus Mas86
    |--C. lineola (Fabricius 1775) [=Curculio lineola] Z93
    `--C. pascoei Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Halorhynchus caecus Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Thaumastophasis oculatus Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Stereomimetes crassicornis Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Notiosomus Mas86
    |--N. australis Woll. 1873 Mas86
    |--N. congener Woll. 1873 Mas86
    `--N. major Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Homalotrogus arctatus Pascoe 1885 Mas86
  Aphanocorynes depressus Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Pentamimus Mas86
    |--P. canaliculatus Woll. 1873 Mas86
    |--P. rhyncholiformis Woll. 1873 Mas86
    `--P. suffusus Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Isotrogus bilineatus Pascoe 1885 Mas86
  Hyponotus subpubescens Woll. 1873 Mas86
  Orthotemnus disparilis Pascoe 1885 Mas86
  Stereoborus inductus Pascoe 1885 Mas86
  Dryotribus Z93
  Aphyoda Z93
  Himatium [incl. Caulosomus] Z93
  Eiratus M94
  Exeiratus M94

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[D09] Davis, S. R. 2009. Morphology of Baridinae and related groups (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys 10: 1–136.

[GC-P14] Gillett, C. P. D. T., A. Crampton-Platt, M. J. T. N. Timmermans, B. H. Jordal, B. C. Emerson & A. P. Vogler. 2014. Bulk de novo mitogenome assembly from pooled total DNA elucidates the phylogeny of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (8): 2223–2237.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[HF03] Halperin, J., & J. Fremuth. 2003. Contribution to the knowledge of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) and their host plants in Israel. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 93–100.

[H15] Hedley, C. 1915. Presidential address. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (1): 1–77, pls 1–7.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[Mac86] Macleay, W. 1886. The insects of the Fly River, New Guinea, "Coleoptera" (continued). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 183–204.

[ML05] Marvaldi, A. E., & A. A. Lanteri. 2005. Key to higher taxa of South American weevils based on adult characters (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 78: 65–87.

[Mas86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part V. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 585–686.

[M94] May, B. M. 1994. An introduction to the immature stages of Australian Curculionoidea. In: Zimmerman, E. C. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 2. Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a chapter on immature stages by Brenda May pp. 365–728. CSIRO Australia.

[W86] Wood, S. L. 1986. A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 10: 1–126.

[Z93] Zimmerman, E. C. 1993. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 3. Nanophyidae, Rhynchophoridae, Erirhinidae, Curculionidae: Amycterinae, literature consulted. CSIRO Australia.

Cryptorhynchinae

Euthyrhinus meditabundus, copyright Julie Sarna.

Belongs within: Curculionidae.
Contains: Poropterus, Mecistostylina, Acalles, Cryptorhynchus.

The Cryptorhynchinae are a group of weevils characterised by a well-developed pectoral canal (into which the rostrum may be reposed) and developed unci on the tibiae. In members of the tribes Mecistocerini and Ithyporini, the rostrum contacts the mid coxae in repose; in Cryptorhynchini, it does not contact the mid coxae but ends in a receptacle on the mesosternum (Morimoto 1978).

<==Cryptorhynchinae [Cryptorhynchides]
    |--Mecistocerini M78
    |    |--Praodes acalloides M78
    |    |--Aesychora notaticollis M78
    |    |--Isotocerus tenuipes M78
    |    |--Solenobathys M78
    |    |--Parendymia pilipes M78
    |    |--Sophronopterus Faust 1892 M78
    |    |--Diatassa M78
    |    |--Rhadinomerus Faust 1892 M78, M94
    |    |    `--R. levifrons M94
    |    `--Mechistocerus Fauvel 1862 M94
    |         |--M. corticeus M94
    |         |--M. denticulatus Pascoe 1875 Mas86
    |         `--M. mastersi Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--Ithyporini [Ithyporides, Sophrorhinini, Sophrorhinides, Sophorrhini] M78
    |    |--*Sophrorhinus duvernoyi M78
    |    |--Ectatorhinus wallacei M78
    |    |--Mecocorynus westermanni M78
    |    |--Amphialodes M78
    |    |--Ypsilepidus thisoides M78
    |    |--Protacallinus M78
    |    |--Protacalles M78
    |    |--Eprias M78
    |    |--Micrapries M78
    |    |--Catabonops monachus M78
    |    |--Systaltopezus M78
    |    |--Brachycolobodes M78
    |    |--Colobodellus M78
    |    |--Nannocolobodes M78
    |    |--Dinapries M78
    |    |--Amphialus M78
    |    |--Eucolobodes M78
    |    |--Exapries lophonotus M78
    |    |--Cyphomidica megacalles M78
    |    |--Dystropicus squalidus M78
    |    |--Acallinus M78
    |    |--Colobodes billbergi M78
    |    |--Thisus biguttatus M78
    |    |--Perrhaebius ephippiger M78
    |    |--Phrygena ephippiata M78
    |    |--Solobrachis M78
    |    |--Ocolobodes M78
    |    |--Apries eremita M78
    |    |--Parapries M78
    |    |--Deretiosomimus M78
    |    |--Deiradocranus Marshall 1953 [incl. Deiradocranoides Morimoto 1962] M78
    |    |    `--D. latebris M78
    |    |--Pantoxystus Mac86
    |    |    |--P. cyaneus Macleay 1886 Mac86
    |    |    `--P. rubricollis Mac86
    |    `--Deretiosus Pascoe 1871 M78, L09
    |         |--D. aridus Pascoe 1871 L09
    |         |--D. aspratilis Lea 1909 L09
    |         |--D. blandus Lea 1909 L09
    |         |--D. hystricosus Lea 1909 L09
    |         `--D. verrucifer Faust 1899 L09
    `--Cryptorhynchini D09
         |  i. s.: Pseudomopsis GC-P14
         |         Perissops Pascoe 1871 GC-P14, M94
         |           |--*P. mucidus Pascoe 1871 M94
         |           `--P. variegatus Lea 1903 M94
         |         Ouroporopterus GC-P14
         |--Mecistostylina M78
         |--Strongylopterina M78
         |    |--Polyzelus M78
         |    |--Therebus cepuroides M78
         |    |--Oreda M78
         |    |--Osseteris scutellaris M78
         |    |--Parempleurus M78
         |    |--Agasterocercus M78
         |    `--Strongylopterus M78
         |         |--S. hylobioides WH02
         |         `--S. ovatus M78
         |--Tylodina M78
         |    |--Eurysia fulvicornis M78
         |    |--Ampagia erinacea Pascoe 1870 M78, Mas86
         |    |--Hyotanzo M78
         |    |--Acalles M78
         |    |--Microcryptorhynchus Lea 1908 M78
         |    |    `--M. pygmaeus M78
         |    |--Simulatacalles Morimoto 1978 M78
         |    |    `--*S. simulator (Roelofs 1875) [=Acalles simulator] M78
         |    |--Miocalles Pascoe 1883 M78
         |    |    `--M. notatus M78
         |    |--Tylodes M78
         |    |    |--T. armadillo M78
         |    |    `--T. obesus Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
         |    |--Tragopus M78
         |    |    |--T. asper M78
         |    |    |--T. plagiatus Pascoe 1872 Mas86
         |    |    `--T. tuberosus Mas86
         |    `--Idotasia [incl. Trigonopterus] M78
         |         |--I. aequalis Pascoe 1872 Mas86
         |         |--I. ampliata Pascoe 1885 Mac86
         |         |--I. evanida Pascoe 1872 Mas86
         |         `--I. nasuta M78
         `--Cryptorhynchina B14
              |--Menectetorus M78
              |--Pseudapris foveicollis M78
              |--Caenocryptorrhynchus M78
              |--Rectosternum poricolle M78
              |--Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus M78
              |--Shirahoshizo rufescens M78
              |--Coelosternechus javanus M78
              |--Zeugenia histrio M78
              |--Kirschia M78
              |--Plococerus denticollis M78
              |--Coelosternelum femorale M78
              |--Sculptosternum M78
              |--Cyamobolus dehaani M78
              |--Neoampagia M78
              |--Rhyssematoides M78
              |--Aechmura emys M78
              |--Orochlesis annularis M78
              |--Strattis biguttatus M78
              |--Cechania eremita M78
              |--Macromerus bicinctus Champion 1905 B14
              |--Cryptorhynchus M78
              |--Euscepes Schoenherr 1844 M78, M94
              |    |--*E. porcellus M94
              |    `--E. postfasciatus (Fairmaire 1849) [=Cryptorhynchus postfasciatus] M94
              |--Gasterocercus M78
              |    |--G. depressirostris M78
              |    `--G. nigroaeneus Chev. 1881 Mas86
              |--Odosyllis M78
              |    |--O. congesta M78
              |    `--O. crucigera Pascoe 1885 Mas86
              |--Syrotelus M78
              |    |--S. falleni M78
              |    `--S. septentrionalis M78
              |--Sclerolips Faust 1895 [incl. Heterocryptorrhynchus Morimoto 1962] M78
              |    |--S. maculicollis (Morimoto 1962) [=Heterocryptorrhynchus maculicollis] M78
              |    `--S. ochrodiscus M78
              |--Sybulus Pascoe 1871 [incl. Coelosteridius Morimoto 1962] M78
              |    |--S. nigricollis (Roelofs 1879) [=Cryptorhynchus nigricollis, Coelosteridius nigricollis] M78
              |    `--S. peccuarius M78
              |--Rhadinopus Faust 1897 [incl. Sculptosternellum Morimoto 1962] M78
              |    |--R. centriniformis M78
              |    `--R. sulcatostriatus (Roelofs 1875) (see below for synonymy) M78
              |--Sternochetus Pierce 1917 [incl. Acryptorrhynchus, Paracryptorrhynchus Morimoto 1962] M78
              |    |--*S. mangiferae (Fabricius 1775) [=Curculio mangiferae] M94
              |    |--S. frigidus M78
              |    |--S. lapathi M87
              |    `--S. navicularis (Roelofs 1875) [=Cryptorhynchus navicularis, Paracryptorrhynchus navicularis] M78
              `--Euthyrhinus M78
                   |--E. dorsalis Macleay 1886 Mac86
                   |--E. irroratus Macleay 1886 Mac86
                   |--E. meditabundus (Fabricius 1775) Z93 [=Curculio meditabundus Z93; incl. E. monachus Mas86]
                   |--E. navicularis Pascoe 1869 Mas86
                   `--E. spinipennis (Waterh. 1853) L09, Mas86 [=Chaetectetorus spinipennis L09]

Cryptorhynchinae incertae sedis:
  Acallophilus Faust 1892 M78
  Anchithyrus Pascoe 1885 M78
  Aphanerostethus Voss 1957 M78
  Berosiris Pascoe 1873 M78
    `--B. calidris Pascoe 1885 Mas86
  Coelosternopsis Voss 1940 M78
  Cryptallorhynchus Voss 1957 M78
  Cydostethus Pascoe 1874 M78
  Cylindrocorynites Heller 1925 M78
  Diphilus Pascoe 1885 M78
  Doetes Pascoe 1871 M78
  Dyspeithes Kirsch 1878 M78
  Lepidarcus Marshall 1948 M78
  Lochochirodes Heller 1938 M78
  Lochochirus Marshall 1915 M78
  Nechyrus Pascoe 1871 M78
    `--N. incomptus Pascoe 1872 Mas86
  Pasurius Fairmaire 1889 M78
  Perichius Pascoe 1871 M78
  Pseudoporopterus Lea 1898 M78
    `--P. cruciatus (Fabricius 1775) [=Curculio cruciatus] Z93
  Serrotelum Heller 1938 M78
  Paleticus LB91
    |--P. confinis Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--P. frontalis Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--P. invidus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--P. laticollis Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--P. pedestris Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    `--P. subereus LB91
  Tentegia Mas86
    |--T. favosa Pascoe 1873 Mas86
    `--T. stupida (Fabricius 1775) [=Curculio stupidus] Z93
  Axionicus insignis Pascoe 1869 Mas86
  Chaetectetorus L09
    |--C. bifasciatus [=Gasterocercus bifasciatus] L09
    |--C. clitellae Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--C. egenus Lea 1909 L09
    |--C. gronopoides Pascoe 1885 Mas86
    |--C. haedulus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--C. latus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    `--C. setosus [=Gasterocercus setosus] L09
  Tituacia Pascoe 1870 L09
    `--T. ostracion Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Tychreus L09
    |--T. camelus Pascoe 1873 Mas86
    `--T. sellatus Pascoe 1873 Mas86
  Phloeoglymma Pascoe 1870 [incl. Axides Pascoe 1873] L09
    |--*P. alternans Pascoe 1870 M94
    |--P. dorsale (Pascoe 1873) [=Axides dorsalis] M94
    `--P. mixta Lea 1909 L09
  Chimades Pascoe 1870 L09
    `--C. lanosus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Metryculus Lea 1909 L09
    `--*M. bimaculatus Lea 1909 L09
  Meniomorpha L09
  Achopera L09
    |--A. lachrymosa Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--A. maculosa Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    `--A. uniformis Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Ephrycus Pascoe 1870 L09
    |--E. brachystylus Lea 1909 L09
    |--E. erythraeus Lea 1909 L09
    |--E. obliquus L09
    `--E. parvus Lea 1909 L09
  Metacymia Pascoe 1870 L09
    `--M. marmorea Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Menios internatus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Ephrycinus Lea 1909 L09
    `--*E. pilistriatus Lea 1909 L09
  Achoperinus Lea 1909 L09
    `--*A. infulatus (Erichs. 1842) L09, Mas86 [=Cryptorhynchus infulatus L09]
  Acrotychreus Lea 1909 L09
    `--*A. fasciculatus (Lea 1895) [=Tychreus fasciculatus] L09
  Poropterus Mac86
  Orphanistes Mas86
    |--O. eustictus Pascoe 1869 Mas86
    `--O. grandis Macleay 1886 Mac86
  Cyllorrhamphus tuberosus Erichs. 1842 Mas86
  Brysia cerata Pascoe 1883 Mas86
  Psydestus affluens Pascoe 1874 Mas86
  Teutheria insculpta Pascoe 1875 Mas86
  Euthebus troglodytes Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Hybophorus rufotuberosus Mas86
  Zeneudes sterculiae Pascoe 1873 Mas86
  Metyrus collaris Pascoe 1872 Mas86
  Hexymus Mas86
    |--H. monachus Pascoe 1872 Mas86
    `--H. tuberosus Pascoe 1871 Mas86
  Scolyphrus obesus Pascoe 1874 Mas86
  Mormosintes rubus Mas86
  Imaliodes Mas86
    |--I. nodulosus Pascoe 1872 Mas86
    |--I. scrofa Pascoe 1874 Mas86
    |--I. subfasciatus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    `--I. terreus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Eleagna squamibunda Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Decilaus squamosus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Euoropis castanea Pascoe 1874 Mas86
  Embaphiodes pyxidatus Pascoe 1874 Mas86
  Imalithus patella Pascoe 1869 Mas86
  Onidistus Mas86
    |--O. araneus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--O. nodipennis Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    `--O. odiosus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Petosiris Mas86
    |--P. annulipes Pascoe 1874 Mas86
    |--P. cordipennis Pascoe 1872 Mas86
    `--P. subereus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Methidrysis afflicta Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Niconotus tarphioides Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Acacallis personata Pascoe 1883 Mas86
  Agriochaeta crinita Pascoe 1872 Mas86
  Plagyocorynus quadrituberculatus Mas86
  Salcus Mas86
    |--S. elevatus Pascoe 1875 Mas86
    |--S. globosus Pascoe 1869 Mas86
    `--S. latissimus Pascoe 1875 Mas86
  Glochinorrhinus doubledayi Mas86
  Osaces naso Pascoe 1883 Mas86
  Ephricus obliquus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Aethreus cicatricosus Pascoe 1875 Mas86
  Anilaus sordidus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Exithius capucinus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Drassicus Mas86
    |--D. illotus Pascoe 1872 Mas86
    |--D. infaustus Pascoe 1874 Mas86
    `--D. nigricornis Pascoe 1872 Mas86
  Agenopus agricola Pascoe 1872 Mas86
  Coptomerus nigrinasus Chev. 1881 Mas86
  Omydaus Mas86
    |--O. luridus (Fabricius 1775) [=Curculio luridus] Z93
    `--O. plinthoides Pascoe 1871 Mas86
  Oemethylus lumbaris Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Tyrtaeosus Mas86
    |--T. bicolor Pascoe 1885 Mas86
    |--T. concretus Pascoe 1885 Mas86
    |--T. incallidus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--T. lateralis Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--T. microthorax Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--T. pardalis Pascoe 1885 Mas86
    |--T. ustulatus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    `--T. vetustus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Coelosternus humerifer Mas86
  Isax gallinago Mas86
  Myrtesis caligata Mas86
  Pezichus binotatus Mas86
  Enteles Schoenherr 1837 M94
    |--*E. vigorsii Gyllenhal in Schoenherr 1837 M94
    `--E. ocellatus Mas86
  Amydala abdominalis Pascoe 1871 Mas86
  Bepharus ellipticus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Derbyiella Z93
  Mitrastethus Redtenbacher 1868 M94
    |--*M. baridioides Redtenbacher 1868 M94
    `--M. australiae Lea 1908 M94
  Tepperia Lea 1903 M94
    `--*T. sterculiae Lea 1903 M94
  Faustinus ML05
    |--F. apicalis D96
    `--F. cubae ML05
  Panolcus ML05

Rhadinopus sulcatostriatus (Roelofs 1875) [=Coelosternus sulcatostriatus, Sculptosternellum sulcatostriatum] M78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[D96] Davis, D. R. 1996. Neotropical Tineidae, VI: Prosetomorpha falcata, a new genus and species of Setomorphinae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) from Colombia associated with curculionid galleries in stems of Solanum. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 173–187.

[D09] Davis, S. R. 2009. Morphology of Baridinae and related groups (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys 10: 1–136.

[GC-P14] Gillett, C. P. D. T., A. Crampton-Platt, M. J. T. N. Timmermans, B. H. Jordal, B. C. Emerson & A. P. Vogler. 2014. Bulk de novo mitogenome assembly from pooled total DNA elucidates the phylogeny of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (8): 2223–2237.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[L09] Lea, A. M. 1909. Revision of the Australian Curculionidae belonging to the subfamily Cryptorhynchides. Part IX. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 701–732.

[Mac86] Macleay, W. 1886. The insects of the Fly River, New Guinea, "Coleoptera" (continued). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 183–204.

[ML05] Marvaldi, A. E., & A. A. Lanteri. 2005. Key to higher taxa of South American weevils based on adult characters (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 78: 65–87.

[Mas86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part V. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 585–686.

[M94] May, B. M. 1994. An introduction to the immature stages of Australian Curculionoidea. In: Zimmerman, E. C. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 2. Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a chapter on immature stages by Brenda May pp. 365–728. CSIRO Australia.

[M87] McAlpine, J. F. 1987. Periscelididae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 895–898. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[M78] Morimoto, K. 1978. On the genera of Oriental Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Esakia 11: 121–143.

[WH02] Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

[Z93] Zimmerman, E. C. 1993. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 3. Nanophyidae, Rhynchophoridae, Erirhinidae, Curculionidae: Amycterinae, literature consulted. CSIRO Australia.

Last updated: 27 June 2021.

Ceutorhynchini

Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, from here.

Belongs within: Ceutorhynchinae.

The Ceutorhynchini are a group of weevils with a scaly vestiture whose larvae are borers in the stems or crowns of herbaceous plants (Marvaldi & Lanteri 2005).

Characters (from Marvaldi & Lanteri 2005): Body vestiture usually not shining, with scales. Postocular lobes frequently present, partially covering the eye. Prementum exposed, visible in ventral view of rostrum. Mesepimeron strongly ascending. Front tibiae with grooming device on outer face consisting of short comb of setae, near tarsal articulation. Hind tibiae with apical comb of setae present, and with rudimentary uncus or lacking uncus. Pygidium exposed, not covered by elytra. Male genitalia with tegmen shorter than aedeagus, manubrium shorter than spiculum gastrale.

Ceutorhynchini B14
    |--Mogulonoides B14
    |--Mogulones B14
    |    |--M. crucifer (Pallas 1771) B14
    |    `--M. larvatus B04
    |--Coeliodes D09
    |    |--C. affinis C01
    |    |--C. flavicaudis Boheman 1844 D09
    |    `--C. quadrimaculatus C01
    `--Ceutorhynchus D09
         |--C. argentinensis ML05
         |--C. assimilis GC-P14
         |--C. chalybaeus Germar 1824 HF03
         |--C. cyaneotinctus Colonnelli 2005 F05
         |--C. debski Pic 1919 HF03
         |--C. flavomarginatus Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. graniger Schultze 1898 HF03
         |--C. jucundus Colonnelli 2005 F05
         |--C. obstrictus (Marsham 1802) D09
         |--C. pleurostigma VT01
         |--C. romani Colonnelli 2005 F05
         |--C. schoenherri C01
         |--C. symphyti C01
         `--C. variegatus C01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B04] Briese, D. T. 2004. Weed biological control: applying science to solve seemingly intractable problems. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 304–317.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[D09] Davis, S. R. 2009. Morphology of Baridinae and related groups (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys 10: 1–136.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[GC-P14] Gillett, C. P. D. T., A. Crampton-Platt, M. J. T. N. Timmermans, B. H. Jordal, B. C. Emerson & A. P. Vogler. 2014. Bulk de novo mitogenome assembly from pooled total DNA elucidates the phylogeny of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (8): 2223–2237.

[HF03] Halperin, J., & J. Fremuth. 2003. Contribution to the knowledge of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) and their host plants in Israel. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 93–100.

[ML05] Marvaldi, A. E., & A. A. Lanteri. 2005. Key to higher taxa of South American weevils based on adult characters (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 78: 65–87.

[VT01] Van Tassell, E. R. 2001. Hydrophilidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 187–208. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

Cranopoeini

Cerocranus extremus, copyright Rémy Amice.

Belongs within: Curculioninae.

The Cranopoeini are a group of weevils found in Australasia and on Pacific islands whose members produce waxy thoracic and elytral secretions that harden into solid excrescences (Bouchard 2014).

Cranopoeini B14
    |--Cerocranus extremus Kuschel 2008 B14
    |--Blastobius B14
    |--Cranopoeus B14
    |--Docolens B14
    |--Cranoides B14
    |--Onychomerus B14
    |--Spanochelus B14
    |--Enneaeus B14
    |--Swezeyella B14
    |--Fergusoniella B14
    `--Cratoscelocis B14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

Curculio

Acorn weevil Curculio glandium, copyright Elke Freese.

Belongs within: Curculioninae.

Curculio is a genus of weevils with a thin, elongate rostrum whose larvae feed on seeds and galls of Fagaceae, Betulaceae and Juglandaceae.

Curculio Linnaeus 1758 [incl. Balaninus Germar 1817; Balaninides, Curculionini] M94
    |--*C. nucum Linnaeus 1758 M94 [=Rhynchaenus nucum L02]
    |--C. abietis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. acridulus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. albinus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. algirus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. alliariae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. alni Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. amoenus Fabricius 1775 Z93 [=Balaninus amoenus Mas86, Rhynchaenus amoenus B35]
    |--C. annulatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. apterus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. arator Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. argentatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. argyreus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. ater Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. aterrimus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. baculi M94
    |--C. barbarus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. betulae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. bipunctatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. carbonarius Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. carya B14
    |--C. caryatrypes (Boheman 1843) B14
    |--C. cervinus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. chinensis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. cloropus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. cordiger L02
    |--C. cornutus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. cupreus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. cyaneus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. depressus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. dorsalis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. elegans Z02
    |--C. elephas B14
    |--C. emeritus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. fagi Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. fraudator M94
    |--C. germanus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. glandium (Marsham 1802) HF03
    |--C. granulatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. guttatus Mas86
    |--C. hemipterus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. hispidus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. incanus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. indus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. lapathi Linnaeus 1758 L58 [=Rhynchaenus lapathi L02]
    |--‘Balaninus’ mastersi Pascoe 1872 Mas86
    |--C. melanocardius Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. mendicus Z93
    |--C. mucoreus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. nebulosus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. ovatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. pardalis (Chittenden 1908) D09
    |--C. pedicularius Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. pericarpius Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. pini Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. pomorum Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. populi Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. purpureus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. pusio Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. pyrrhoceras (Marsham 1802) HF03
    |--C. quattuormaculatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. quercus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. quinquemaculatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. quinquepunctatus Linnaeus 1758 L58 [=Rhynchaenus quinquepunctatus] L02
    |--C. rectirostris Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. ruficornis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. rufipes Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. rumicis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. salicis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. salicivorus Paykull 1792 HF03
    |--C. scaber Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. scrophulariae Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. sedecimpunctatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. segetis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. speciosus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. stigma Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. syriacus Desbrochers 1875 HF03
    |--C. t-album Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--‘Balaninus’ tersus Pascoe 1885 Mac86
    |--‘Curculio’ tridens B35
    |--C. vaginalis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. violaceus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--C. viridis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    `--C. vittatus Linnaeus 1758 L58

Nomen nudum: Curculio sanctus Hoffmanns in Schoenherr 1823 [=Somatodes sanctus] Z93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[D09] Davis, S. R. 2009. Morphology of Baridinae and related groups (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys 10: 1–136.

[HF03] Halperin, J., & J. Fremuth. 2003. Contribution to the knowledge of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) and their host plants in Israel. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 93–100.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[Mac86] Macleay, W. 1886. The insects of the Fly River, New Guinea, "Coleoptera" (continued). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 183–204.

[Mas86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part V. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 585–686.

[M94] May, B. M. 1994. An introduction to the immature stages of Australian Curculionoidea. In: Zimmerman, E. C. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 2. Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a chapter on immature stages by Brenda May pp. 365–728. CSIRO Australia.

[Z02] Zherikhin, V. V. 2002. Ecological history of the terrestrial insects. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 331–388. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[Z93] Zimmerman, E. C. 1993. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 3. Nanophyidae, Rhynchophoridae, Erirhinidae, Curculionidae: Amycterinae, literature consulted. CSIRO Australia.

Scolytus

Scolytus multistriatus, copyright Landcare Research New Zealand.

Belongs within: Scolytinae.

Scolytus is a genus of phloeophagous beetles found in Eurasia, northern Africa and the Americas (Wood 1986).

Characters (from Wood 1986): Eye oval, entire; antenna with funicle 7-segmented, club rather large, flattened; pronotum unarmed, lateral margins costate; scutellum depressed, subtriangular, apically (posteriorly) pointed; elytral bases depressed in scutellar area, appearing emarginate in median area; costal margin of elytra normal (straight) and overlapping metepisternum; protibia unarmed on lateral margin, outer apical angle extending into spine curving toward and exceeding inner apical angle, socketed denticles never present; metapleural suture descending subvertically to groove receiving groove on costal margin of elytra then turning abruptly and continuing parallel to groove to near metacoxal process; abdomen flexed upward from anterior margin of segment 2.

<==Scolytus Geoffroy 1762 (see below for synonymy) W86
    |--*S. scolytus W86 (see below for synonymy)
    |--S. claviger [=*Archaeoscolytus claviger] W86
    |--S. confusus [=Eccoptogaster confusus, *Confusoscolytus confusus] W86
    |--S. intricatus [=Eccoptogaster intricatus, *Tubuloscolytus intricatus] W86
    |--S. marawitzi [=*Pinetoscolytus marawitzi] W86
    |--S. multistriatus (Marsham 1802) B14 (see below for synonymy)
    |--S. praeceps M38
    |--S. pygmaeus [=Bostrichus pygmaeus, *Pygmaeoscolytus pygmaeus] W86
    |--S. rugulosus [=Bostrichus rugulosus, *Ruguloscolytus rugulosus] W86
    |--S. schevryrewi B14
    `--S. ventralis WL09

Scolytus Geoffroy 1762 [=Coptogaster Illiger 1807, Eccoptogaster Gyllenhal 1813, Ekkoptogaster Herbst 1793; incl. Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch 1929, Confusoscolytus Tsai, Yin & Huang 1962, Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch 1929, Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch 1929, Ruguloscolytus Butovitsch 1929, Scolytochelus Reitter 1913, Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch 1929, Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch 1929] W86

Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham 1802) B14 [=Ips multistriatus W86, *Scolytochelus multistriatus W86, *Spinuloscolytus multistriatus W86]

*Scolytus scolytus W86 [=Bostrichus scolytus W86, *Coptogaster scolytus W86, *Eccoptogaster scolytus W86, *Ekkoptogaster scolytus W86, Hylesinus scolytus L02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[M38] Muesebeck, C. F. W. 1938. The genus Dendrosoter Wesmael in the United States (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (9): 281–287.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[W86] Wood, S. L. 1986. A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 10: 1–126.

Scolytinae

Female Phloeosinus dentatus, copyright N. Wright.

Belongs within: Curculionidae.
Contains: Xyloterini, Micracini, Bothrosternini, Scolytus, Diamerini, Scolytodes, Phloeotribus, Hylurgops, Tomicini, Polygraphini, Crypturgini, Pityophthorina, Corthylina, Cryphalus, Xyloctonini, Hypoborini, Ips, Hypothenemus, Scolytogenes, Cyrtogenius, Xyleborus.

The Scolytinae, bark beetles, are a group of small weevils that live and feed in the subcortical tissues of plants. They are characterised by a reduced rostrum, geniculate antennae with a distinct, compact club, and tibiae marginally armed by spines or socketed denticles (Wood 1986). The majority of species live in galleries in the phloem layer of their hosts but some feed on other tissues such as xylem or seeds. Some species feed on ambrosia fungi growing on host xylem. Many bark beetles are monogamous with a single mating pair living in a gallery; eggs are laid within the gallery and the parents guard the burrow entrance while the larvae develop. Other species exhibit various modes of polygyny.

Wood (1986) recognised the Scolytidae as a separate family from the Curculionidae, divided between two subfamilies Scolytinae and Hylesininae on the basis of features such as form of the pronotum and base of the elytra, but more recent studies have not supported monophyly of the latter two groups. Tribes of the Scolytinae include the Scolytini, members of which are most diverse in the Americas and lack armature on the lateral margins of the pro- and metatibiae except for a single, apical, spinelike process curving towards and extending beyond the process of the inner apical angle (Wood 1986).

Characters (from Wood 1986, as Scolytidae): Adult with head narrower than pronotum; eyes nearly flat against head, often emarginate to divided; pregular sutures present and reinforced internally by massive apodemal ridges; rostrum short to nonexistent; hypostomal area small, posterior mandibular condyle more anterior in position; axis of mandibular hinge oblique to transverse, cutting edge on mesal margin; pronotum often asperate, almost never with constriction near middle; when visible, scutellum usually flush with elytral surface, often flattened; metepisternum stout to elongate, anterior margin usually procurved, anteroventral angle displaced slightly caudad and distinctly extended ventrad; mesepimeron flat, oblique; mesepisternum smaller, declivous cephalad; tibiae armed on apical and/or lateral margins either by spines or socketed denticles, apical mucro formed by mesal element; tarsal segment 1 about equal in length to 2 or 3; male spiculum gastrale present. Larva with clypeus distinct, separate from frons; frontal sutures never reaching articulating membrane of mandibles.

<==Scolytinae [Hylesininae, Scolytarii] D09
    |--Scolytini [Camptoceridae] GC-P14
    |    |--Scolytus W86
    |    |--Scolytopsis Blandford 1896 W86
    |    |    `--*S. puncticollis W86
    |    |--Camptocerus Latreille 1829 W86
    |    |    |--*C. aeneipennis [=Hylesinus aeneipennis] W86
    |    |    `--C. auricomus W86
    |    `--Cnemonyx Eichhoff 1868 (see below for synonymy) W86
    |         |--*C. galeritus W86
    |         |--C. barbatus [=*Minulus barbatus] W86
    |         |--C. flavicornis [=*Loganius flavicornis] W86
    |         |--C. hylurgoides [=*Coptodryas hylurgoides, *Coptosomus hylurgoides] W86
    |         |--C. jucundus [=*Ceratolepis jucundus] W86
    |         `--C. panamensis W86
    `--+--+--+--Diamerini GC-P14
       |  |  `--+--Hexacolini [Ctenophoridae, Ctenophorini, Hexacolidae, Problechilidae] GC-P14
       |  |     |    |--Scolytodes W86
       |  |     |    |--Gymnochilus Eichhoff 1867 [=Problechilus Eichhoff 1878; incl. Meringopalpus Hagedorn 1905] W86
       |  |     |    |    `--*G. zonatus [=*Problechilus zonatus; incl. *Meringopalpus fallax] W86
       |  |     |    |--Pycnarthrum Eichhoff 1878 (see below for synonymy) W86
       |  |     |    |    `--P. hispidum (see below for synonymy) W86
       |  |     |    `--Microborus Blandford 1897 [incl. Pseudocrypturgus Eggers 1919] W86
       |  |     |         `--*M. boops [incl. *Pseudocrypturgus camerunus] W86
       |  |     `--Phloeotribini [Phloeotribidae, Phthorophloeides] GC-P14
       |  |          |--Phloeotribus W86
       |  |          `--Aricerus Blandford 1894 [incl. Hylesinosoma Lea 1910] W86
       |  |               |--*A. chapuisi W86
       |  |               `--A. eichhoffi [incl. Hylesinus fici, *Hylesinosoma fici] W86
       |  `--+--Hylesinini (see below for synonymy) GC-P14
       |     |    |--Hylurgops W86
       |     |    |--Hylastinus Bedel 1888 W86
       |     |    |    `--*H. obscurus [=Ips obscurus] W86
       |     |    |--Kissophagus Chapuis 1869 W86
       |     |    |    `--*K. hederae [=Hylesinus hederae] W86
       |     |    |--Pteleobius Bedel 1888 W86
       |     |    |    `--*P. vittatus [=Bostrichus vittatus] W86
       |     |    |--Cryptocurus Schedl 1957 [incl. Hyloperus Browne 1970] W86
       |     |    |    `--*C. spinipennis [incl. *Hyloperus bicornis]
       |     |    |--Neopteleobius Nobuchi 1971 W86
       |     |    |    `--*N. scutulatus [=Hylesinus scutulatus] W86
       |     |    |--Scierus LeConte 1876 W86
       |     |    |    `--*S. annectens W86
       |     |    |--Hylurgus Latreille 1807 M94
       |     |    |    `--*H. ligniperda (Fabricius 1775) [=Hylesinus ligniperda] M94
       |     |    |--Dendrosinus Chapuis 1869 W86
       |     |    |    `--*D. globosus [=Hyulesinus globosus] W86
       |     |    |--Hyleops Schedl 1938 W86
       |     |    |    `--*H. glabratus W86
       |     |    |--Pseudochramesus Blackman 1939 W86
       |     |    |    `--*P. acuteclavatus [=Chramesus acuteclavatus] W86
       |     |    |--Phloeosinopsoides Schedl 1964 [=Phloeosinopsis Schedl 1964 non Schedl 1936] W86
       |     |    |    `--*P. triseriatus [=*Phloeosinopsis triseriatus] W86
       |     |    |--Phloeocranus Schedl 1942 [incl. Diamerides Browne 1949] W86
       |     |    |    `--*P. bruchoides [incl. *Diamerides litseae] W86
       |     |    |--Phloeoditica Schedl 1962 W86
       |     |    |    `--*P. curta [=Kissophagus curtus] W86
       |     |    |--Carphotoreus Wood 1973 W86
       |     |    |    `--*C. alni [=Chaetophloeus alni] W86
       |     |    |--Catenophorus Nunberg 1956 W86
       |     |    |    `--*C. congonus W86
       |     |    |--Phloeosinites Hagedorn 1907 W86
       |     |    |    `--*P. rehi W86
       |     |    |--Phloeoborus Erichson 1836 [incl. Phloeotrupes Erichson 1836] W86
       |     |    |    |--*P. rudis W86
       |     |    |    `--P. grandis [=*Phloeotrupes grandis] W86
       |     |    |--Dactylipalpus Chapuis 1869 (see below for synonymy) W86
       |     |    |    |--D. transversus [=*Dactylopselaphus transversus] W86
       |     |    |    `--D. cicatricosus [=*Ethadopselaphus cicatricosus] W86
       |     |    |--Alniphagus Swaine 1918 [incl. Hylastinoides Spessivitzev 1919] W86
       |     |    |    |--*A. aspericollis [=Hylesinus aspericollis] W86
       |     |    |    `--A. alni [=Hylastes alni, *Hylastinoides alni] W86
       |     |    |--Rhopalopselion Hagedorn 1909 [incl. Hapalogenius Hagedorn 1912] W86
       |     |    |    |--*R. bituberculatum W86
       |     |    |    `--R. globosus [=*Hapalogenius globosus] W86
       |     |    |--Ficicis Lea 1910 [incl. Ficiphagus Murayama 1958] W86
       |     |    |    |--*F. varians W86
       |     |    |    `--‘Hylesinus’ porcatus Chap. 1869 W86, M87 [incl. *Ficiphagus goliathoides W86]
       |     |    |--Pachycotes Sharp 1877 M94
       |     |    |    |--P. peregrinus M94 [=Hylesinus peregrinus W86; incl. *P. ventralis Sharp 1877 M94]
       |     |    |    `--P. australis Schedl 1938 M94
       |     |    |--Hylesinus Fabricius 1801 [incl. Leperisinus Reitter 1913] W86
       |     |    |    |--*H. crenatus W86
       |     |    |    |--H. antipodius W86
       |     |    |    `--H. varius W86 (see below for synonymy)
       |     |    |--Cladoctonus Strohmeyer 1911 (see below for synonymy) W86
       |     |    |    |--*C. affinis W86
       |     |    |    |--C. banosus [=*Hoplites banosus, *Hoplitontus banosus] W86
       |     |    |    `--C. interruptus [=Hoplites interruptus; incl. *Hoplitophthorus sentosus] W86
       |     |    |--Olonthogaster Motschulsky 1866 (see below for synonymy) W86
       |     |    |    |--*O. nitidicollis [=*Holonthogaster nitidicollis] W86
       |     |    |    |--O. asper [=*Hyledius asper] W86
       |     |    |    |--O. spinifer [=Phloeosinus spinifer; incl. *Phloeosinopsis armatus] W86
       |     |    |    `--O. sumatranus [=*Hylurgulus sumatranus] W86
       |     |    |--Chramesus LeConte 1868 (see below for synonymy) W86
       |     |    |    |--*C. hickoriae W86
       |     |    |    |--C. annectans [=*Prochramesus annectans] W86
       |     |    |    |--C. incomptus W86
       |     |    |    |--C. quadridens W86
       |     |    |    |--C. rotundatus [incl. Dendrosinus bonnairei, *Thaumasinulus bonnairei] W86
       |     |    |    `--C. tuberculatus [=*Rhopalopleurus tuberculatus] W86
       |     |    |--Hylesinopsis Eggers 1920 (see below for synonymy) W86
       |     |    |    |--*H. dubius W86
       |     |    |    |--H. africanus [=*Pseudophloeotribus africanus] W86
       |     |    |    |--H. baphiae [=*Glochicopterus baphiae] W86
       |     |    |    |--H. brinckei [=Metahylesinus brinckei, *Hapalophloeus brinckei] W86
       |     |    |    |--H. endroedyi [=*Hemihylesinus endroedyi] W86
       |     |    |    |--H. joveri [=*Trypographus joveri] W86
       |     |    |    |--H. planicollis [=*Chilodendron planicolle] W86
       |     |    |    `--H. togonus [=*Pseudohylesinus togonus, *Metahylesinus togonus] W86
       |     |    `--Phloeosinus Chapuis 1873 M94
       |     |         |--*P. dentatus [=Hylurgus dentatus] M94
       |     |         |--P. bicolor W86
       |     |         |--P. canadensis M94
       |     |         |--P. cristatus W86
       |     |         |--P. cupressi Hopkins 1903 M94
       |     |         |--P. perlatus B14
       |     |         |--P. punctatus W86
       |     |         `--P. thujae [=Hylesinus thujae] W86
       |     `--+--Hylastes Erichson 1836 M94 [Hylastini GC-P14, Hylastinides]
       |        |    |--*H. ater (Paykull 1800) [=Bostrichus ater, Hylesinus ater] M94
       |        |    |--H. brunneus RW02
       |        |    |--H. cunicularius RW02
       |        |    |--H. glabratus C01
       |        |    `--H. nigrinus W86
       |        `--Tomicini GC-P14
       `--+--+--Polygraphini GC-P14
          |  `--Crypturgini GC-P14
          `--+--+--Corthylini [Amphicranidae, Araptidae, Corthyli, Pityophthoridae] GC-P14
             |  |    |--Pityophthorina W86
             |  |    `--Corthylina W86
             |  `--+--Cryphalus GC-P14
             |     `--Xyloctonini GC-P14
             `--+--Hypoborini GC-P14
                `--+--+--Premnobius Eichhoff 1878 W86 [incl. Premnophilus Browne 1962 W86; Premnobiini GC-P14]
                   |  |    |--*P. cavipennis W86
                   |  |    `--P. joveri [=Xyleborus joveri, *Premnophilus joveri] W86
                   |  `--Ipini [Eidophelinae, Ernoporinae, Trypophloeinae] GC-P14
                   |       |--Ips W86
                   |       |--Hypothenemus W86
                   |       |--Scolytogenes W86
                   |       |--Dendrochilus Schedl 1957 W86
                   |       |    `--*D. strombosiopsis W86
                   |       |--Cryphalities Cockerell 1917 W86
                   |       |    `--*C. rugosissimus Cockerell 1917 W86
                   |       |--Periocryphalus Wood 1971 W86
                   |       |    `--*P. pullus W86
                   |       |--Trischidias Hopkins 1915 W86
                   |       |    `--*T. georgiae W86
                   |       |--Neocryphus Nunberg 1956 W86
                   |       |    `--*N. argentinensis W86
                   |       |--Stegomerus Wood 1967 W86
                   |       |    `--*S. vulgaris W86
                   |       |--Allernoporus Kurentzov 1941 W86
                   |       |    `--*A. euonymi W86
                   |       |--Coriacephilus Schedl 1939 W86
                   |       |    `--*C. coriaceus [=Stephanoderes coriaceus] W86
                   |       |--Ernocladius Wood 1980 W86
                   |       |    `--*E. corpulentus [=Cryphalus corpulentus] W86
                   |       |--Cryphalogenes Wood 1980 W86
                   |       |    `--*C. euphorbiae W86
                   |       |--Hemicryphalus Schedl 1963 W86
                   |       |    `--*H. argutus [=Eidophelus argutus] W86
                   |       |--Margadillius Hopkins 1915 W86
                   |       |    `--*M. margadilaonis W86
                   |       |--Ptilopodius Hopkins 1915 W86
                   |       |    `--*P. stephegynis W86
                   |       |--Xyleborinus Reitter 1913 M94
                   |       |    `--*X. saxeseni (Ratzeburn 1837) [=Bostrichus saxeseni] M94
                   |       |--Pityokteines Fuchs 1911 [incl. Orthotomides Wood 1951] W86
                   |       |    |--*P. curvidens [=Ips curvidens] W86
                   |       |    `--P. lasiocarpi [=Orthotomicus lasiocarpi, *Orthotomides lasiocarpi] W86
                   |       |--Orthotomicus Ferrari 1867 [=Neotomicus Fuchs 1911, Onthotomicus] W86
                   |       |    |--*O. laricis [=Bostrichus laricis, *Neotomicus laricis] W86
                   |       |    `--O. erosus JKW03
                   |       |--Trypophloeus Fairmaire 1868 [=Glyptoderus Eichhoff 1878 non LaFerté Sénectère 1851] W86
                   |       |    |--*T. binodulus [=Bostrichus binodulus, *Glyptoderus binodulus] W86
                   |       |    `--T. populi [=Cryphalus populi] W86
                   |       |--Eidophelus Eichhoff 1875 [incl. Phellodendrophagus Krivolutskaya 1958] W86
                   |       |    |--*E. imitans W86
                   |       |    `--E. elegans [=*Phellodendrophagus elegans] W86
                   |       |--Procryphalus Hopkins 1915 W86
                   |       |    |--P. mucronatus [=Cryphalus mucronatus; incl. *P. populi] W86
                   |       |    `--P. utahensis W86
                   |       |--Cryptocarenus Eggers 1937 [incl. Tachyderes Blackman 1943] W86
                   |       |    |--*C. diadematus W86
                   |       |    `--C. seriatus [incl. *Tachyderes floridensis] W86
                   |       |--Acorthylus Brèthes 1922 [incl. Phacrylus Schedl 1938] W86
                   |       |    |--*A. asperatus W86
                   |       |    `--A. bosqui [=*Phacrylus bosqui] W86
                   |       |--Stephanopodius Schedl 1941 (see below for synonymy) W86
                   |       |    |--*S. dispar [=Stephanoderes dispar] W86
                   |       |    `--S. ghanaensis (see below for synonymy) W86
                   |       |--Pityogenes Bedel 1888 [incl. Eggersia Lebedev 1926, Pityoceragenes Balachowsky 1947] W86
                   |       |    |--*P. chalcographus [=Dermestes chalcographus] W86
                   |       |    |--P. bidentatus [=Bostrichus bidentatus, *Eggersia bidentata] W86
                   |       |    `--P. quadridens [=Bostrichus quadridens, *Pityoceragenes quadridens] W86
                   |       |--Ernoporus Thomson 1859 (see below for synonymy) W86
                   |       |    |--*E. tiliae [=Bostrichus tiliae; incl. Cryphalus lederi, *Cryphalops lederi] W86
                   |       |    |--E. concentralis [=*Euptilius concentralis] w86
                   |       |    `--E. melodori [=*Stephanorhopalus melodori] W86
                   |       |--Ernoporicus Berger 1917 (see below for synonymy) W86
                   |       |    |--*E. spessivtzevi W86
                   |       |    |--E. caucasicus [=Ernoporus caucasicus, *Ernopocerus caucasicus] W86
                   |       |    `--E. semenovi [=*Eocryphalus semenovi] W86
                   |       |--Cosmoderes Eichhoff 1878 (see below for synonymy) W86
                   |       |    |--*C. monilicollis [incl. *Vitaderes luffa (n. n.)] W86
                   |       |    |--C. granulicollis [=*Dendriops granulicollis] W86
                   |       |    `--C. setistriatus [=Cryphalus setistriatus, *Erioschidias setistriatus] W86
                   |       |--Hypocryphalus Hopkins 1915 [incl. Dacryphalus Hopkins 1915] W86
                   |       |    |--*H. rotundus W86
                   |       |    |--H. mangiferae W86
                   |       |    `--H. obesus [=*Dacryphalus obesus] W86
                   |       |--Acanthotomicus Blandford 1894 [incl. Isophthorus Schedl 1938, Mimips Eggers 1932] W86
                   |       |    |--*A. spinosus W86
                   |       |    |--A. mimicus W86
                   |       |    |--A. pilosus [=Ips pilosus, *Mimips pilosus] W86
                   |       |    `--A. quadrituberculatus [=*Isophthorus quadrituberculatus] W86
                   |       `--Coccotrypes Eichhoff 1879 M94 (see below for synonymy)
                   |            |--*C. dactyliperda [=Bostrichus dactyliperda] W86
                   |            |--C. advena [incl. *Thamnurgides persicae] W86
                   |            |--C. carpophagus (Hornung 1842) M94 (see below for synonymy)
                   |            |--C. rhizophorae [=*Spermatoplex rhizophorae, *Dendrurgus rhizophorae] W86
                   |            `--C. sannio [=*Poecilips sannio] W86
                   `--+--Dryocoetini [=Dryocoetoideae, Taphrorychini, Thamnurginae] GC-P14
                      |    |--Cyrtogenius W86
                      |    |--Toxophthorus Wood 1986 [=Toxophorus Eggers 1920 (preoc.)] W86
                      |    |    `--*T. africanus (Eggers 1920) [=*Toxophorus africanus] W86
                      |    |--Taphramites Schedl 1947 W86
                      |    |    `--*T. gnathotrichus Schedl 1947 W86
                      |    |--Thamnurgus Eichhoff 1864 W86
                      |    |    `--*T. euphorbiae [=Bostrichus euphorbiae] W86
                      |    |--Chiloxylon Schedl 1959 W86
                      |    |    `--*C. rufulus W86
                      |    |--Dactylotrypes Eggers 1927 W86
                      |    |    `--D. longicollis [=Xyloterus longicollis; incl. *D. uyttenboogaarti] W86
                      |    |--Dendrocranulus Schedl 1937 W86
                      |    |    `--*D. tardus W86
                      |    |--Lymantor Lovendal 1889 W86
                      |    |    `--‘Tomicus’ coryli [incl. *Lymantor sepicola] W86
                      |    |--Taphronurgus Reitter 1913 W86
                      |    |    `--*T. exul [=Thamnurgus exul] W86
                      |    |--Dolurgocleptes Schedl 1965 W86
                      |    |    `--*D. malgassicus W86
                      |    |--Dendrographus Schedl 1964 [incl. Protopityophthorus Schedl 1973] W86
                      |    |    `--*D. pygmaeus [=Pelicerus pygmaeus; incl. *Protopityophthorus durus] W86
                      |    |--Peridryocoetes Wood 1984 W86
                      |    |    `--*P. nitens [=Ozodendron nitens] W86
                      |    |--Ozopemon Hagedorn 1908 W86
                      |    |    `--*O. regius W86
                      |    |--Dryocoetiops Schedl 1957 W86
                      |    |    |--*D. laevis [=Ozopemon laevis] W86
                      |    |    `--D. coffeae W86
                      |    |--Triotemnus Wollaston 1864 [incl. Cladoctoproctus Schedl 1975] W86
                      |    |    |--*T. subretusus W86
                      |    |    `--T. scrafa [=*Cladoctoproctus scrafa] W86
                      |    |--Dryocoetes Eichhoff 1864 (see below for synonymy) W86
                      |    |    |--*D. autographus [=Bostrichus autographus, *Anodius autographus] W86
                      |    |    |--D. confusus W86
                      |    |    `--D. villosus [=Bostrichus villosus, *Dryocoetinus villosus] W86
                      |    |--Tiarophorus Schreiner 1882 (see below for synonymy) W86
                      |    |    |--*T. elongatus W86
                      |    |    |--T. camerunus [=*Hypaspistes camerunus, *Orthaspistes camerunus] W86
                      |    |    `--T. scrutator [=Thamnurgus scrutator, *Pseudothamnurgus scrutator] W86
                      |    |--Xylocleptes Ferrari 1867 [incl. Hylonius Nunberg 1973, Xestips Hagedorn 1912] W86
                      |    |    |--*X. bispinus [=Bostrichus bispinus] W86
                      |    |    |--X. brunneus [=*Hylonius brunneus] W86
                      |    |    `--X. marginatus [=*Xestips marginatus] W86
                      |    `--Taphrorychus Eichhoff 1878 (see below for synonymy) W86
                      |         |--*T. bicolor [=Bostrichus bicolor] W86
                      |         |--T. machnovskii [=Hypothenemus machnovskii, *Saliciphilus machnovskii] W86
                      |         |--T. mikuniyamensis [=*Pseudopoecilips mikuniyamensis] W86
                      |         `--T. primitus [=*Taphroterus primitus] W86
                      `--Xyleborini [Webbinae, Xylebori] GC-P14
                           |--Australoplatypus incompertus GE05
                           |--Xyleborus W86
                           |--Xyleborites Wickham 1913 W86
                           |    `--*X. longipennis Wickham 1913 W86
                           |--Sampsonius Eggers 1935 W86
                           |    `--*S. sexdentatus W86
                           |--Schedlia Browne 1950 W86
                           |    `--*S. sumatrana [=Xyleborus sumatranus] W86
                           |--Dryocoetoides Hopkins 1915 W86
                           |    `--D. capucinus [=Xyleborus capucinus; incl. *D. guatemalensis] W86
                           |--Leptoxyleborus Wood 1980 W86
                           |    `--*L. sordicauda [=Phloeotrogus sordicauda] W86
                           |--Theoborus Hopkins 1915 W86
                           |    `--*T. theobromae W86
                           |--Euwallacea Hopkins 1915 W86
                           |    `--*E. wallacei [=Xyleborus wallacei] W86
                           |--Taurodemus Wood 1980 W86
                           |    `--*T. sharpi [=Xyleborus sharpi] W86
                           |--Mesoscolytus Broun 1904 W86
                           |    `--*M. inurbanus W86
                           |--Hadrodemius Wood 1980 W86
                           |    `--*H. globus [=Xyleborus globus] W86
                           |--Taphrodasus Wood 1980 W86
                           |    `--*T. percorthylus [=Xyleborus percorthylus] W86
                           |--Cryptoxyleborus Schedl 1937 W86
                           |    `--*C. naevus W86
                           |--Cnestus Sampson 1911 [incl. Tosaxyleborus Murayama 1950] W86
                           |    |--*C. magnus W86
                           |    `--C. murayamai [incl. *Tosaxyleborus pallidipennis] W86
                           |--Coptoborus Hopkins 1915 [incl. Streptocranus Schedl 1939] W86
                           |    |--C. vespatorius [=Xyleborus vespatorius; incl. *C. emarginatus] W86
                           |    `--C. mirabilis [=*Streptocranus mirabilis] W86
                           |--Arixyleborus Hopkins 1915 [incl. Xyleboricus Eggers 1923] W86
                           |    |--*A. rugosipes W86
                           |    `--A. canaliculatus [=*Xyleboricus canaliculatus] W86
                           |--Terminalinus Hopkins 1915 [incl. Kelantanius Nunberg 1961] W86
                           |    |--*T. terminaliae W86
                           |    `--T. punctatopilosus [=Xyleborus punctatopilosus, *Kelantanius punctatopilosus] W86
                           |--Eccoptopterus Motschulsky 1863 (see below for synonymy) W86
                           |    |--E. spinosus [=Scolytus spinosus; incl. *Eccoptopterus sexspinosus] W86
                           |    `--E. gracilipes [=*Platydactylus gracilipes, *Eurydactylus gracilipes] W86
                           |--Ambrosiodmus Hopkins 1915 (see below for synonymy) W86
                           |    |--*A. tachygraphus [=Xyleborus tachygraphus] W86
                           |    |--A. obliquecaudata [=*Phloeotrogus oliquecaudata] W86
                           |    `--A. obliquus (see below for synonymy) W86
                           |--Amasa Lea 1894 [incl. Anaxyleborus Wood 1980, Pseudoxyleborus Eggers 1930] W86
                           |    |--*A. thoracicus W86
                           |    |--‘*Pseudoxyleborus’ beesoni W86
                           |    `--A. truncatus (Erichs. 1842) W86, M87 (see below for synonymy)
                           |--Coptodryas Hopkins 1915 (see below for synonymy) W86
                           |    |--*C. confusa W86
                           |    |--C. pullus [=Xyleborus pullus; incl. *Adryocoetes nitidus (n. n.)] W86
                           |    `--C. theae [=Xyleborus theae, *Microperus theae] W86
                           |--Webbia Hopkins 1915 (see below for synonymy) W86
                           |    |--*W. dipterocarpi W86
                           |    |--W. pabo W86
                           |    |--W. subuculae [=*Prowebbia subuculae] W86
                           |    `--W. trepanicauda [=Xyleborus trepanicauda, *Pseudowebbia trepanicauda] W86
                           |--Xylosandrus Reitter 1913 [incl. Apoxyleborus Wood 1980] W86
                           |    |--*X. morigerus [=Xyleborus morigerus] W86
                           |    |--X. compactus MHG04
                           |    |--X. mancus [=Xyleborus mancus, *Apoxyleborus mancus] W86
                           |    `--X. retusus W86
                           `--Anisandrus Ferrari 1867 GC-P14, W86
                                `--*A. dispar W86, GC-P14 [=Xyleborus (Apate) dispar W86]

Scolytinae incertae sedis:
  Bufonus Eggers 1919 W86
    `--*B. obscurus Eggers 1919 W86
  Cactopinus Schwarz 1899 [incl. Cactopinorus Bright 1967; Cactopinini] W86
    |--*C. hubbardi Schwarz 1899 B38
    |--C. cactophthorus [=*Cactopinorus cactophthorus] W86
    |--C. depressus W86
    |--C. desertus W86
    |--C. koebelei Blackman 1938 B38
    |--C. pini Blackman 1938 B38
    `--C. rhois Blackman 1938 B38
  Scolytoplatypus Schaufuss 1893 (see below for synonymy) W86
    |--*S. permirus W86
    |--S. congonus W86
    |--S. mikado [=*Strophionocerus mikado, *Taeniocerus mikado] W86
    |--S. papuanus W86
    `--S. tycon [=*Spongocerus tycon] W86
  Carphodicticini W86
    |--Dendrodicticus Schedl 1958 W86
    |    `--*D. argentiniae W86
    |--Carphodicticus Wood 1971 W86
    |    `--*C. cristatus W86
    `--Craniodicticus Blandford 1895 W86
         `--*C. mucronatus W86
  Xyloterini W86
  Micracini W86
  Phrixosoma Blandford 1897 (see below for synonymy) W86
    |--*P. rude W86
    |--P. magna W86
    |--P. psaltes [=*Bothryperus psaltes] W86
    |--P. quadrioculatum [=*Neohylesinus quadrioculatus] W86
    `--P. striatum [=*Sphaerosinus striatus] W86
  Hyorrhynchini [Hyorrhynchinae, Sueinae] W86
    |--Sueus Murayama 1951 [incl. Neohyorrhynchus Schedl 1962] W86
    |    `--S. niisimai (see below for synonymy) W86
    |--Hyorrhynchus Blandford 1894 W86
    |    `--*H. lewisi W86
    `--Pseudohyorrhynchus Murayama 1950 W86
         `--*P. wadai W86
  Bothrosternini W86

Amasa truncatus (Erichs. 1842) W86, M87 [=Tomicus truncatus W86, *Anaxyleborus truncatus W86]

Ambrosiodmus Hopkins 1915 [incl. Browneia Nunberg 1963, Phloeotrogus Motschulsky 1863 (nom. rej.)] W86

Ambrosiodmus obliquus [=Pityophthorus obliquus; incl. Xyleborus illepidus, *Browneia illepida] W86

Chramesus LeConte 1868 [incl. Prochramesus Wood 1956, Rhopalopleurus Chapuis 1869, Thaumasinulus Reitter 1913] W86

Cladoctonus Strohmeyer 1911 [incl. Hoplites Eggers 1923 nec Koch 1869 nec Neumayr 1875, Hoplitontus Wood 1961, Hoplitophthorus Wood 1961] W86

Cnemonyx Eichhoff 1868 [incl. Ceratolepis Chapuis 1869, Coptodryas Schedl 1948 non Hopkins 1915, Coptosomus Schedl 1952, Loganius Chapuis 1869, Minulus Eggers 1912] W86

Coccotrypes Eichhoff 1879 M94 [incl. Cryphaloides Formenek 1908 W86, Dendrurgus Eggers 1923 W86, Hyphaene Hagedorn 1913 (n. n.) W86, Poecilips Schaufuss 1897 W86, Spermatoplex Hopkins 1915 W86, Thamnurgides Hopkins 1915 W86]

Coccotrypes carpophagus (Hornung 1842) M94 [=Bostrichus carpophagus M94; incl. *Cryphaloides donisthorpei W86, *Hyphaene guineensis (n. n.) W86]

Coptodryas Hopkins 1915 [incl. Adryocoetes Eggers in Schedl 1952 (n. n.), Microperus Wood 1980] W86

Cosmoderes Eichhoff 1878 [incl. Dendriops Schedl 1953, Erioschidias Schedl 1938, Vitaderes Beeson 1941 (n. n.)] W86

Dactylipalpus Chapuis 1869 [=Dactylopselaphus Gemminger & Harold 1872; incl. Ethadopselaphus Blandford 1896] W86

Dryocoetes Eichhoff 1864 [=Anodius Motschulsky 1860 (nom. rej.); incl. Dryocoetinus Balachowsky 1949] W86

Eccoptopterus Motschulsky 1863 [incl. Eurydactylus Hagedorn 1909 non LaFerté Sénectère 1851, Platydactylus Eichhoff 1886] W86

Ernoporicus Berger 1917 [incl. Eocryphalus Kurentzov 1941, Ernopocerus Balachowsky 1949] W86

Ernoporus Thomson 1859 [incl. Cryphalops Reitter 1889, Euptilius Schedl 1940, Stephanorhopalus Hopkins 1915] W86

Hylesinini [Alniphagini, Dactylipalpi, Hylesinen, Phloeobori, Phloeosinides, Phloeosinini, Phloeotrupides] GC-P14

Hylesinopsis Eggers 1920 [incl. Chilodendron Schedl 1953, Glochicopterus Schedl 1954, Hapalophloeus Schedl 1966, Hemihylesinus Schedl 1967, Metahylesinus Eggers 1922, Pseudohylesinus Eggers 1919 non Swaine 1917, Pseudophloeotribus Eggers 1933, Trypographus Schedl 1950] W86

Hylesinus varius W86 [=Bostrichus varius W86; incl. B. fraxini W86, Hylesinus fraxini L86, *Leperisinus fraxini W86]

Olonthogaster Motschulsky 1866 [=Holonthogaster Gemminger & Harold 1872; incl. Hyledius Sampson 1921, Hylurgulus Eggers 1927, Phloeosinopsis Schedl 1936] W86

Phrixosoma Blandford 1897 [incl. Bothryperus Hagedorn 1909, Neohylesinus Eggers 1920, Sphaerosinus Eggers 1929; Phrixosomini] W86

Pycnarthrum Eichhoff 1878 [incl. Monebius Hopkins 1914, Nemobius Chapuis 1869 (preoc.), Nomebius Navas 1915] W86

Pycnarthrum hispidum [=Hypoborus hispidus; incl. *P. gracile, *Nemobius lambottei, *Monebius lambottei, *Nomebius lambottei] W86

Scolytoplatypus Schaufuss 1893 [incl. Spongocerus Blandford 1893, Strophionocerus Sampson 1921, Taeniocerus Blandford 1893; Scolytoplatypini, Scolytoplatypodini, Spongocerinae, Taeniocerini] W86

Stephanopodius Schedl 1941 [incl. Cryphalomimetes Browne 1963, Cryphalomimus Browne 1962 non Eggers 1927] W86

Stephanopodius ghanaensis [=Hypocryphalus ghanaensis, *Cryphalomimetes ghanaensis, *Cryphalomimus ghanaensis] W86

Sueus niisimai [=Hyorrhynchus niisimai, *Neohyorrhynchus niisimai; incl. *Sueus sphaerotrypoides] W86

Taphrorychus Eichhoff 1878 [incl. Pseudopoecilips Murayama 1957, Saliciphilus Sokanovskii 1954, Taphroterus Schedl 1965] W86

Tiarophorus Schreiner 1882 [incl. Hypaspistes Hagedorn 1908 (preoc.), Orthaspistes Hagedorn 1909, Pseudothamnurgus Eggers 1912] W86

Webbia Hopkins 1915 [incl. Prowebbia Browne 1962, Pseudowebbia Browne 1961, Xelyborus Schedl 1939 (n. n.)] W86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B38] Blackman, M. W. 1938. New species of Cactopinus Schwarz (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (6): 151–157.

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[GC-P14] Gillett, C. P. D. T., A. Crampton-Platt, M. J. T. N. Timmermans, B. H. Jordal, B. C. Emerson & A. P. Vogler. 2014. Bulk de novo mitogenome assembly from pooled total DNA elucidates the phylogeny of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (8): 2223–2237.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

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[L86] Lindquist, E. E. 1986. The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with a reclassification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 118 (S136): 1–517.

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Last updated: 19 September 2018.