Neomiodontidae

Neomiodon sp., from Vullo et al. (2014). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Belongs within: Heterodonta.

The Neomiodontidae are a Late Jurassic to Cretaceous group of clams that inhabited fresh and brackish waters.

<==Neomiodontidae KC02
    |--Myrene tetoriensis KC02
    |--Musculiopsis G88
    |--Eomiodon SB93
    |    |--E. lunulatus (Yokoyama 1904) SB93
    |    `--E. matsubasensis Tamura 1977 SB93
    `--Neomiodon Fischon 1887 ZZ88
         |--N. brongniati ZZ88
         |--N. guyangensis ZZ88
         |--N. latoovatus ZZ88
         |    |--N. l. latoovatus ZZ88
         |    `--N. l. caudatus ZZ88
         |--N. liaoningensis [=Corbicula (Mesocorbicula) liaoningensis, Neomiodonoides liaoningensis] ZZ88
         |--N. pararotundus Zhu 1976 ZZ88
         |--N. rotundus (Martinson 1961) [=Limnocyrena rotunda] ZZ88
         |--N. sinensis ZZ88
         |--N. sublaevis ZZ88
         |--N. volselliformis Zhu 1980 ZZ88
         `--N. yumenensis ZZ88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[KC02] Komatsu, T., K. Chinzei, M. S. Zakhera & H. Matsuoka. 2002. Jurassic soft-bottom oyster Crassostrea from Japan. Palaeontology 45 (6): 1037–1048.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[ZZ88] Zhu G.-X. & Zhou Y.-Z. 1988. Fresh-water molluscan fauna across Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in southeast Jilin. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 27 (6): 713–721.

Pandoroidea

Lateral view of each valve of Pandora inaequivalvis, from Doğan et al. (2007).

Belongs within: Pholadomyoida.

The Pandoroidea are a group of sedentary or burrowing bivalves with a thin, inequivalve, somewhat elongate or gaping shell.

Pandoroidea [Pandoracea] GW02
    |--Laternulidae H96
    |    |--Cercomya [Cercomyidae] SB93
    |    |    `--C. (Cercomya) praecursor SB93
    |    `--Laternula KC11 [Laternulidae H96]
    |         |--L. anatina (Linnaeus 1758) XZ10
    |         |--L. boschasina (Reeve 1863) XZ10
    |         |--L. elliptica KC11
    |         |--L. limicola GW02
    |         |--L. marilina (Valenciennes in Reeve 1864) TW07
    |         |--L. subrostrata (Lamarck 1818) BD86
    |         `--L. truncata GW02
    |--Lyonsiidae GW02
    |    |--Ostomya [incl. Guianadesma Morrison 1943] G88
    |    |--Mytilimeria nuttalli JB12, C64
    |    |--Entodesma PP78
    |    |    |--E. cuneata M96
    |    |    |--E. inflata [incl. E. diaphana Cpr. 1855] C64
    |    |    |--E. (Phlycticoncha) lucasanum (Bartsch & Rehder 1939) PP78
    |    |    `--E. saxicola [=Lyonsia saxicola; incl. E. cylindracea] C64
    |    `--Lyonsia GW02
    |         |--L. arenosa N79
    |         |--L. californica [incl. L. bracteata, Osteodesma (Lyonsia) bracteatum, L. nitida, O. nitidum] C64
    |         |--L. (Pandorina) flabellata Gould 1861 C64
    |         |--L. floridana Conrad 1848 [incl. Osteodesma hyalina (preoc.)] C64
    |         |--L. fretalis Dall 1915 GO78
    |         |--L. hyalina Conrad 1848 M06
    |         |--L. inflata [incl. L. diaphana] C64
    |         |--L. navicula C64
    |         |--L. norvegica N79
    |         |--L. picta C64
    |         |--L. subplicata (d’Orbigny 1850) SB93
    |         `--L. ventricosa Gould 1861 GW02, C64
    `--Pandoridae GW02
         |--Frenamya elongatus (Carpenter 1846) TW07
         |--Kennerlia Carpenter 1864 C64
         |    |--K. bicarinata Carpenter 1864 C64
         |    `--K. filosa Carpenter 1864 C64
         |--Clidiophora Carpenter 1864 C64
         |    |--*C. claviculata [=Pandora claviculata; incl. P. cornuta] C64
         |    |--C. punctata [=Pandora punctata] C64
         |    `--C. trilineata C64
         `--Pandora GW02
              |  i. s.: P. arenosa GW02
              |         P. bilirata C64
              |         P. dilatata Deshayes 1858 SB93
              |         P. obtusa N79
              |         P. pinna PC11
              |         P. rostrata PP64
              |--P. (Pandora) PP78
              |    |--P. (P.) inaequivalvis G20, M96 [=Mya (P.) inequivalvis G20]
              |    `--P. (P.) uncifera Pilsbry & Lowe 1932 PP78
              `--P. (Pandorella) PP78
                   |--P. (P.) cornuta Adams 1852 PP78
                   `--P. (P.) granulata Dall 1915 PP78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD86] Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117–141.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[GO78] Gallardo S., C., & C. Osorio R. 1978. Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834) (Mollusca: Hiatellidae) on Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789) and other substrates. Veliger 20 (3): 274–278.

[GW02] Giribet, G., & W. Wheeler. 2002. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121 (4): 271–324.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[H96] Healy, J. M. 1996. Molluscan sperm ultrastructure: correlation with taxonomic units within the Gastropoda, Cephalopoda and Bivalvia. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 99–113. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[KC11] Kocot, K. M., J. T. Cannon, C. Todt, M. R. Citarella, A. B. Kohn, A. Meyer, S. R. Santos, C. Schander, L. L. Moroz, B. Lieb & K. M. Halanych. 2011. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationships. Nature 477: 452–456.

[M96] Morton, B. 1996. The evolutionary history of the Bivalvia. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 337–359. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[M06] Morton, B. 2006. The functional morphology of Penicillus philippinensis (Anomalodesmata: Clavagelloidea: Penicillidae) and the evolution of an unique muscular system in the Bivalvia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 175–192.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

[XZ10] Xu, F., & J. Zhang. 2010. Study on the bivalve faunal composition of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 7–12. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Dreissenidae

Congeria subglobosa, copyright Naturhistorisches Museum Wien.

Belongs within: Neoheterodontei.

The Dreissenidae are a group of mussel-like bivalves found living in estuarine habitats.

Characters (from Pilsbry & Bequaert 1927): Shell mytiliform with anterior, nearly or quite terminal beaks, without a nacreous layer within. Small septum (myophore of anterior adductor) across beak cavity. Ligament immersed. Posterior adductor scar very long. Mantle margins concrescent, leaving only siphonal and small pedal openings. Byssiferous.

Dreissenidae [Dreissenacea, Dreissenoidea]
    |--Dreissenomya schroeckingeri TW07
    |--Sinucongeria TW07
    |--Mytilopsis Conrad 1857 [=Mytiloides (l. c.) non Brongniart 1822] PB27
    |    |--*M. leucophaeatus Conrad 1857 [=Dreissena leucophaeata, Mytiloides leucophaetus] PB27
    |    |--M. cira Pilsbry & Olsson 1935 G88
    |    |--M. sallei HJ08
    |    `--‘Dreissena’ scripta [=Mytiloides scriptus] PB27
    |--Dreissena Van Beneden 1835 PB27 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--*D. polymorpha (Pallas 1771) PB27, M12 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--D. bugensis Andrusov 1897 SS97
    |    |--‘Dreissensia’ caspia Eichw. 1855 S01
    |    |--D. rostriformis KC11
    |    |--D. sallei [=Mytilus sallei] C64
    |    `--D. stankovici PC11
    `--Congeria Partsch 1836 BV86 [incl. Enocephalus v. Münster 1831 (n. n.) PB27, Praxis Adams & Adams 1857 PB27]
         |--*C. subglobosa Partsch 1836 PB27
         |--C. africana (Van Beneden 1835) [=Dreissena africana, *Praxis africana] PB27
         |--‘Mytilus’ cochleatus Kickx in Nyst 1835 PB27
         |--C. cyanea (Van Beneden 1837) [=Dreissena cyanea] PB27
         |--C. gibberosa (Preston 1909) [=Dreissensia gibberosa] PB27
         |--C. holmi (d’Ailly 1896) [=Dreissensia holmi] PB27
         |--C. kusceri Bole 1962 BV86
         |--C. lacustris (Morelet 1860) [=Dreissena lacustris, Dreissensia lacustris] PB27
         |--C. lunata Hedley 1902 H09
         `--C. ornata (Morelet 1885) [=Dreissensia ornata; incl. D. bananaensis Preston 1909] PB27

Nomina nuda: Enocephalus carditaeformis von Münster 1831 PB27
             Enocephalus mytiloides von Münster 1831 PB27

Dreissena Van Beneden 1835 PB27 [=Dreissensia PB27, Mytilina Cantraine 1837 non Bory de St Vincent 1826 PB27, Mytilomya Cantraine in Bronn 1838 PB27; incl. Tichogonia Rossmäsler 1835 G40]

*Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas 1771) PB27, M12 [=Mytilus polymorphus PB27, *Mytilina polymorpha PB27, *Mytilomya polymorpha PB27; incl. Mytilus arca G40, Mytilus chemnitzii G40, Tichogonia chemnitzii G40, Mytilus hagenii G40, Mytilus lineatus G40, Mytilus toreyi G40, Mytilus volgae G40, Mytilus volgensis G40]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BV86] Bole, J., & F. Velkovrh. 1986. Mollusca from continental subterranean aquatic habitats. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 177–208. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[G40] Gray, J. E. 1840. A Manual of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of the British Islands, with figures of each of the kinds. By William Turton, M.D. A new edition, thoroughly revised and much enlarged. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans: London.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.

[KC11] Kocot, K. M., J. T. Cannon, C. Todt, M. R. Citarella, A. B. Kohn, A. Meyer, S. R. Santos, C. Schander, L. L. Moroz, B. Lieb & K. M. Halanych. 2011. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationships. Nature 477: 452–456.

[M12] Morton, B. 2012. The biology and functional morphology of Nucula pusilla (Bivalvia: Protobranchia: Nuculidae) from Western Australia, Australia: primitive or miniature simplicity? Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 85–100.

[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.

[SS97] Schloesser, D. W., R. D. Smithee, G. D. Longton & W. P. Kovalak. 1997. Zebra mussel induced mortality of unionids in firm substrata of western Lake Erie and a habitat for survival. American Malacological Bulletin 14 (1): 67–74.

[S01] Sturany, R. 1901. Csigák és kagylók [Mollusken]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 69–74. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

Macoma

White-sand macoma Macoma secta, photographed by Jan Delsing.

Belongs within: Tellinoidea.

Macoma is a cosmopolitan genus of bivalves with an inaequilateral, mostly thin shell with a deciduous periostracum and a slightly twisted posterior end.

<==Macoma Leach 1819 [Macominae] F26
    |--M. balthica T95
    |    |--M. b. balthica TW07
    |    `--M. b. rubra (da Costa 1778) TW07
    |--M. calcarea CS77
    |--M. candida (Lamarck 1818) [=Psammotoea candida] H09
    |--M. edentula [=Tellina edentula] C64
    |--M. edgari [=Tellina edgari] F26
    |--M. eugonia [=Tellina eugonia] F26
    |--M. expansa C64
    |--M. fusca C64
    |--M. gaimardi [=Tellina gaimardi] F26
    |--M. huttoni [=Tellina huttoni; incl. T. huttoni var. sterrha] F26
    |--M. incongrua XZ10
    |--M. indentata Carpenter 1864 C64
    |--M. inequivalvis (Sowerby 1867) [=Tellina inequivalvis] H09
    |--M. inquinata (Deshayes 1854) R78
    |--M. lata [incl. M. sordida, M. suensoni] C64
    |--M. lipara Dall 1916 R78
    |--M. mazatlanica C64
    |--M. moretonensis (Deshayes 1855) [=Tellina moretonensis] H09
    |--M. nasuta (Conrad 1837) TW07 [incl. Tellina tersa C64]
    |--M. perfrigida PP64
    |--M. proxima C64
    |--M. robini (Finlay 1924) [=Tellina robini] F26
    |--M. scarlatia [incl. M. orientalis] GAS03
    |--M. secta (Conrad 1837) R78 [incl. M. edulis C64, Tellina japonica C64, T. ligamentina Desh. 1843 C64]
    |--M. solidula C64
    |--M. spenceri [=Tellina spenceri] F26
    |--M. tenuis M62
    |--M. truncata F66
    `--M. yoldiformis Carpenter 1864 C64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[F26] Finlay, H. J. 1926. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F66] Fraser, L. 1866. Communication of a list of mollusks collected by R. Swinhoe, Esq., in Formosa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 146.

[GAS03] Gulbin, V. V., I. S. Arzamastsev & V. M. Shulkin. 2003. Ecological monitoring of the water area of Port Vostochnyi (Wrangel Bay) in the Sea of Japan (1995–2002). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29 (5): 284–295.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[R78] Reid, R. G. B. 1978. The systematic, adaptive and physiological significance of proteolytic enzyme distribution in bivalves. Veliger 20 (3): 260–265.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

[T95] Tilot, V. 1995. An ecologically important type of biological activity in a deep-sea ferro-manganese nodule environment of the tropical north east Pacific. Mésogée 54: 101–120.

[XZ10] Xu, F., & J. Zhang. 2010. Study on the bivalve faunal composition of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 7–12. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Ungulinidae

Diplodonta globus, copyright Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Neoheterodontei.

The Ungulinidae are a group of infaunal bivalves commonly found in muddy sand or gravel. Members have rounded shells with a low beak, the external sculpture being smooth, punctate or concentrically ribbed.

Ungulinidae [Diplodontidae, Ungulinoidea]
    |  i. s.: Phlyctiderma (Phlyctiderma) discrepans (Carpenter 1857) PP78
    |         Felaniella MG-H11
    |           |--F. usta L10
    |           `--F. zelandica HS01
    |         Joannisiella F27a
    |           |--J. moretonensis (Deshayes 1855) [=Cyrenella moretonensis] H09
    |           |--J. novozelandica [=Lucina novozelandica, L. novaezelandiae (l. c.), Diplodonta striata] F27a
    |           `--J. sphaericula (Deshayes 1855) [=Cyrenella sphaericula] H09
    |         Brachymeris alta Conrad 1875 SB93
    |--Cycladicama cumingi (Hanley 1844) TW07
    `--+--Ungulina cuneata (Spengler 1798) TW07
       `--Diplodonta Brown 1831 TW07, G79
            |  i. s.: D. adamsi (Angas 1867) [=Mysia adamsi] H09
            |         D. ampla (Hutton 1885) F27a
            |         D. balcombensis Pritchard 1906 [=D. subquadrata Tate 1887 nec Carpenter 1855 nec Gabb 1873] F27b
            |         D. brasiliensis G79
            |         D. calculus C64
            |         D. candeana G79
            |         D. conspicua Smith 1885 H09
            |         D. corpulenta Smith 1885 H09
            |         D. ethima Melvill & Standen 1899 H09
            |         D. gabbi [=D. subquadrata Gabb 1873 non Carpenter 1855] F27b
            |         D. globosa Adams 1856 H09
            |         D. scalpta Smith 1885 H09
            |         D. semiaspera C64
            |         D. semiasperoides L10
            |         D. subcrassa Smith 1884 H09
            |         D. subglobosa Smith 1885 H09 [=Felania subglobosa C64]
            |         D. sublateralis Smith 1885 H09
            |         D. subquadrata Carpenter 1855 F27b
            |         D. suborbicularis (Tate 1887) [=Sacchia suborbicularis] F27b
            |         D. suprema Olsson 1961 PP78
            |         D. tasmanica F27a
            |--D. (Felania) TW07
            |    |--D. (F.) circularis Dunker 1846 TW07
            |    |--‘Felania’ tellinoides C64
            |    `--‘Mysia’ (F.) usta Gould 1861 C64
            |--D. (Sphaerella) orbella [=Lucina orbella; incl. Mysia tumida, Sphaerella tumida] C64
            |--D. (Zemysia Finlay 1927) P61
            |    |--D. (*Z.) zelandica (Gray 1835) [=Lucina zelandica] P61
            |    |--D. (Z.) infrequens Marwick 1926 F27a
            |    `--D. (Z.) rakiura (Powell 1939) P61
            `--D. (Zemysina Finlay 1927) P61
                 |--D. (*Z.) globus Finlay 1927 P61 [=Zemysia (*Z.) globus F27a]
                 |--D. (Z.) globularis Lamarck 1818 [=Zemysia (Z.) globularis] F27a
                 |--D. (Z.) globulosa [=Zemysia (Z.) globulosa] F27a
                 `--D. (Z.) striatula (Finlay 1927) P61 [=Zemysia (Z.) striatula F27a]

Nomen nudum: Diplodonta newtoni Cossmann 1907 F27b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[G79] Guppy, R. J. L. 1879. First sketch of a marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and its neighbourhood. Part I.—Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 2: 151–172.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[L10] Lebedev, E. B. 2010. Diversity of soft-bottom mollusks in the Far Eastern Marine Reserve (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 169–173. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

Gaimardiidae

Kidderia aupouria, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Neoheterodontei.

The Gaimardiidae are a group of small, thin-shelled bivalves that commonly live attached to floating seaweed.

Gaimardiidae [Gaimardioidea]
    |--Costokidderia Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--*C. costata (Odhner 1924) [=Kidderia costata] P61
    |    |--C. lyallensis Finlay 1927 P61
    |    `--C. pedica Finlay 1927 P61
    |--Neogaimardia Odhner 1924 P61
    |    |--*N. rostellata [=Kellia rostellata] P61
    |    |--N. finlayi Powell 1933 P61
    |    |--N. minutissima (Iredale 1908) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--N. tasmanica Beddome 1881 [=Modiolarca tasmanica] F27
    |--Gaimardia Gould 1852 P61
    |    |--*G. trapezina (Lamarck 1818) P61, TW07 [=Modiolarca trapesina P61]
    |    |    |--G. t. trapezina P61
    |    |    `--G. t. coccinea Hedley 1916 P61
    |    |--G. aucklandica Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--G. finlayi HS01
    |    `--G. forsteriana Finlay 1927 P61
    `--Kidderia Dall 1876 P61
         |--*K. minuta P61
         |--K. acrobeles (Suter 1913) P61 [=Gaimardia acrobeles F27, Modiolarca acrobeles F27]
         |--K. aupouria Powell 1933 P61
         |    |--K. a. aupouria P61
         |    `--K. a. fiordlandica Fleming 1948 P61
         |--K. campbellica Odhner 1924 P61
         |--K. hamiltoni Finlay 1927 P61 [=Mytilus pusillus Gould 1916 non Macgillivray 1843 F27, Modiolarca pusilla F27]
         |--K. macquariensis Hedley 1916 P61
         |--K. marshalli Fleming 1948 P61
         |--K. rakiura Powell 1939 P61
         `--K. smithi Suter 1913 P61 [=Modiolarca smithi F27]

Neogaimardia minutissima (Iredale 1908) P61 [=Modiolarca minutissima F27, Gaimardia minutissima F27, Lasaea minutissima F27]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

Leptonidae

Pachykellya rotunda, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Bivalvia.

The Leptonidae are a group of small byssiferous bivalves with a generally compressed shell bearing very small beaks.

<==Leptonidae P61
    |--Zemyllita Finlay 1927 P61
    |    `--*Z. stowei (Hutton 1873) P61 [=Pythina stowei P61, Myllita stowei F27]
    |--Melliteryx Iredale 1924 P61
    |    |--*M. acupuncta [=Erycina acupuncta] P61
    |    `--M. parva (Deshayes 1856) P61 [=Erycina parva F27]
    |--Arthritica Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--*A. bifurca [=Kellia bifurca] P61
    |    |--A. crassiformis Powell 1933 P61
    |    `--A. helmsi (Hedley 1915) [=Erycina helmsi] F27
    |--Borniola Iredale 1924 P61
    |    |--*B. lepida [=Bornia lepida] P61
    |    |--B. neozelanica Powell 1937 P61
    |    `--B. reniformis HS01
    |--Lepton N79
    |    |--L. clarkiae N79
    |    |--L. meroeum Carpenter 1864 C64
    |    |--L. nitidum N79
    |    `--L. squamosum J64
    |--Myllitella Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--*M. vivens Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--M. finlayi (Marwick 1924) [=Myllita finlayi] F27
    |    |--M. pinguis Marwick 1928 P61
    |    `--M. tasmanica [=Myllita tasmanica] F27
    |--Pachykellya Bernard 1897 P61
    |    |--*P. edwardsi Bernard 1897 P61
    |    |--P. bernardi Powell 1927 P61
    |    |--P. concentrica Powell 1927 P61
    |    |--P. minima Powell 1931 P61
    |    `--P. rotunda Powell 1927 P61
    `--Marikellia Iredale 1936 P61
         |--*M. solida [=Kellia solida] P61
         `--M. rotunda (Deshayes 1855) P61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. Report of the committee appointed for exploring the coasts of Shetland by means of the dredge. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 70–81.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Perrierinidae

Perrierina mestayerae, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Bivalvia.

The Perrierinidae are a group of small, byssiferous bivalves with a more or less angular shell.

<==Perrierinidae P61
    |--Legrandina Tate & May 1901 P61
    |    |--*L. bernardi P61
    |    |--L. aucklandica Powell 1933 P61
    |    |--L. harrisonae Powell 1935 P61
    |    `--L. turneri Powell 1939 P61
    `--Perrierina Bernard 1897 P61
         |--*P. taxodonta Bernard 1897 P61
         |--P. georgiana Fleming 1948 P61
         |--P. insulana Fleming 1933 P61
         |--P. matai Fleming 1948 P61
         |--P. mestayerae Powell 1933 P61
         |--P. perstriata Fleming 1948 P61
         |--P. subquadrangula Dell 1952 P61
         `--P. substriata Powell 1935 P61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Montacutidae

Mysella bidentata, copyright Hans Hillewaert.

Belongs within: Heterodonta.

The Montacutidae are a group of small bivalves with a thin, rounded, inequilateral shell bearing the resilium in a large hollow or socket under the beaks.

<==Montacutidae P61
    |--Laseoneara radiata (Deshayes 1824) SB93
    |--Laubriereia emarginata (Deshayes 1860) SB93
    |--Namnetia discoides Cossmann 1905 SB93
    |--Coriareus Hedley 1907 P61
    |    |--*C. vitreus P61
    |    `--C. neozelanicus Dell 1956 P61
    |--Tahunanuia Powell 1952 P61
    |    |--*T. alata Powell 1952 P61
    |    `--T. trigonia Powell 1952 P61
    |--Rochefortula Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--*R. reniformis (Suter 1908) [=Rochefortia reniformis] P61
    |    |--R. bidentifera (Powell 1933) P61
    |    |--R. decapitata Powell 1939 P61
    |    |--R. profunda Dell 1952 P61
    |    |--R. quadrata Dell 1956 P61
    |    `--R. taieriensis Powell 1939 P61
    |--Notolepton Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--*N. antipodum (Filhol 1880) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--N. citrinum (Hutton 1883) P61
    |    |--N. novacambrica (Hedley 1915) [=Neolepton novacambrica] F27a
    |    |--N. sanguineum (Hutton 1883) P61
    |    |--N. sublaevigatum Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--N. subobliquum Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--N. triangulare Dell 1956 P61
    |    `--N. umbonatum (Smith 1885) P61
    |--Montacuta F27a
    |    |--M. chalcedonica C64
    |    |--M. dawsoni N79
    |    |--M. divaricata Gould 1861 C64
    |    |--M. echinocardiophila BK77
    |    |--M. ferruginosa (Montagu 1803) [=Mya ferruginosa, Tellimya ferruginosa] BK77
    |    |--M. herberti Aldrich 1921 SB93
    |    |--M. obtusa C64
    |    |--M. phascolionis H64
    |    |--M. semiradiata BK77
    |    |--M. substriata (Montagu 1803) [=Mya substriata; incl. Erycina seminulum] BK77
    |    |--M. tenella BK77
    |    |--M. triquetra Verrill & Bush 1898 F27b
    |    `--M. tumidula N79
    |--Rochefortia Velain 1878 non Sw. 1788 (ICBN) F27a
    |    `--R. (Pythinella) cuneata (Verrill & Bush 1898) [=Montacuta cuneata, Mysella (P.) cuneata] H64
    `--Mysella Angas 1877 TW07, P61
         |--*M. anomala P61
         |--‘Montacuta’ acuminata Smith 1885 [=Rochefortia acuminata] H09
         |--M. alpha Powell 1937 P61
         |--M. attenuata Dell 1956 P61
         |--M. aupouria Powell 1937 P61
         |--M. beta Powell 1937 P61
         |--M. bidentata (Montagu 1803) [=Mya bidentata, Montacuta bidentata] BK77
         |--M. charcoti (Lamy 1906) P61 [=Rochefortia charcoti F27a]
         |--M. donaciformis [=Rochefortia donaciformis] F27a
         |--‘Tellimya’ ephippiolum Melvill & Standen 1899 [=Rochefortia ephippiolum] H09
         |--M. henryi (Fleming 1948) P61
         |--M. hounselli (Powell 1931) P61
         |--M. lachlani Dell 1952 P61
         |--M. larochei Powell 1940 P61
         |--M. macquariensis Hedley 1916 P61 [=Rochefortia macquariensis F27a]
         |--M. minuta (Aldrich 1921) SB93
         |--M. morioria Dell 1952 P61
         |--‘Pythina’ paula Adams 1856 [=Rochefortia paula] H09
         |--M. pedroana Dall 1889 B02
         |--M. tellinula (Odhner 1924) P61 [=Montacuta tellinula F27a]
         |--M. unidentata Odhner 1924 P61 [=Montacuta unidentata F27a]
         `--M. vitrea Laseron 1956 TW07

*Notolepton antipodum (Filhol 1880) P61 [=Kellia antipoda P61, Neolepton antipodum F27a; incl. K. sanguinea F27a, Ne. sanguineum F27a]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[B02] Boyko, C. B. 2002. A worldwide revision of the recent and fossil sand crabs of the Albuneidae Stimpson and Blepharipodidae, new family (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Hippoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 272: 1–396.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[H64] Hampson, G. R. 1964. Redescription of a commensal pelecypod, Rochefortia cuneata, with notes on ecology. Nautilus 77 (4): 125–128.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

Solemya

Solemya parkinsoni, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Opponobranchia.

Solemya, the razor clams, is a cosmopolitan genus of infaunal bivalves with an elongate ovate to subrectangular shell bearing a well-developed periostracum that extends past the calcareous margin.

Solemya Lamarck 1818 AJH07
    |  i. s.: S. biarmica G31
    |         S. occidentalis Deshayes 1857 S11
    |         S. pusilla Gould 1861 C64
    |         S. reidi GW02
    |         S. togata GW02
    |         S. valvulus C64
    |         S. velesiana Iredale 1931 M12
    |         S. velum Say 1822 SS07
    |--S. (Janeia) ZP86
    |    |--S. (J.) parallela (Beede & Rogers 1899) ZP86
    |    `--S. (J.) primaeva (Phillips 1836) ZP86
    `--S. (Zesolemya Iredale 1939) P61
         `--S. (*Z.) parkinsoni Smith 1874 P61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AJH07] Amano, K., R. G. Jenkins & Y. Hikida. 2007. A new gigantic Nucinella (Bivalvia: Solemyoida) from the Cretaceous cold-seep deposit in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Veliger 49 (2): 84–90.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[GW02] Giribet, G., & W. Wheeler. 2002. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121 (4): 271–324.

[G31] Grabau, A. W. 1931. The Permian of Mongolia: A report on the Permian fauna of the Jisu Honguer limestone of Mongolia and its relations to the Permian of other parts of the world. American Museum of Natural History: New York.

[M12] Morton, B. 2012. The biology and functional morphology of Nucula pusilla (Bivalvia: Protobranchia: Nuculidae) from Western Australia, Australia: primitive or miniature simplicity? Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 85–100.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[SS07] Struck, T. H., N. Schutt, T. Kusen, E. Hickman, C. Bleidorn, D. McHugh & K. M. Halanych. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 57.

[ZP86] Zhang, R., & J. Pojeta Jr. 1986. New bivalves from the Datang Stage, Lower Carboniferous, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 60 (3): 669–679.

Nuculana

Nuculana commutata, copyright National Museum Wales.

Belongs within: Nuculanoidea.

Nuculana is a cosmopolitan genus of infaunal bivalves known from the Triassic to the present day. Members of the genus have a produced posterior end, concentric sculpture, and a narrow, oblique ligament pit.

<==Nuculana
    |--N. (*Adrana) elongata (Sowerby 1832) [=Nucula elongata] F27b
    |--N. (Ezonuculana) mactraeformis Nagao 1932 AJH07
    |--N. (Jupiteria Bellardi 1875) P61
    |    |--N. (*J.) concava [=Nucula concava] P61
    |    |--N. (J.) amuriensis Woods 1917 F27a
    |    |--N. (J.) manawatawhia Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--N. (J.) onairoensis Marwick 1926 F27a
    |    |--N. (J.) wolffi Dell 1956 P61
    |    `--N. (J.) zealedaformis Dell 1953 P61
    |--N. (Pseudoportlandia Woodring 1925) F27a
    |    |--N. (*P.) clara [=Leda clara] F27a
    |    `--N. (P.) solenelloides (Marshall 1919) [=Sarepta solenelloides] F27a
    `--N. (Saccella Woodring 1925) P61
         |--N. (*S.) commutata [=Leda commutata] P61
         |--N. (S.) bellula (Adams 1856) P61
         |--N. (S.) fastidiosa F27a
         |--N. (S.) fragilis [=Arca fragilis] F27a
         |--‘Saccella’ gordonis (Yokoyama 1920) XZ10
         |--N. (S.) hedleyi Fleming 1951 P61
         |    |--N. h. hedleyi P61
         |    `--N. h. morioria Dell 1956 P61
         `--N. (S.) semiteres (Hutton 1877) [=Leda semiteres; incl. N. belluloides Marshall 1919] F27a

Nuculana incertae sedis:
  N. abrupta (Dana 1849) [=Nucula abrupta] F71
  N. acuta (Conrad 1832) [=Nucula acuta] F27b
  N. ‘acuta’ (Sowerby 1840) [=Nucula acuta non Conrad 1832] F27b
  N. acuticauda [=Leda acuticauda] F27b
  N. alata Muller 1859 F27b
  N. apiculata (Reuss 1844) [=Nucula apiculata] F27b
  N. bellistriata [incl. N. bellistriata var. attenuata] G31
  N. chapmani Finlay 1924 [=Leda apiculata Tate 1886 non Nucula apiculata Reuss 1844] F27b
  N. concinna (Dana 1849) F71
  N. ellisi Marwick 1926 F27a
  N. etheridgei F71
  N. fossa GW02
  N. hamata B56
  N. martini Finlay 1927 [=Crassatella alata Martin 1887, N. alata non Muller 1859] F27b
  N. minuta GW02
  N. ovum [incl. N. complanata] H00
  N. pella GW02
  N. pernula GW02
  N. striata Sherrard 1959 F71
  N. taphria B56
  N. verconis (Tate 1891) MG-H11
  N. waterhousei Etheridge 1888 F71

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B56] Berry, S. S. 1956. Mollusca dredged by the Orca off the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 1951. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (5): 150–157.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[GW02] Giribet, G., & W. Wheeler. 2002. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121 (4): 271–324.

[G31] Grabau, A. W. 1931. The Permian of Mongolia: A report on the Permian fauna of the Jisu Honguer limestone of Mongolia and its relations to the Permian of other parts of the world. American Museum of Natural History: New York.

[H00] Hodges, P. 2000. The Early Jurassic Bivalvia from the Hettangian and Lower Sinemurian of south-west Britain. Part 1. Monograph of the Paleontographical Society 614: 1–64.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[XZ10] Xu, F., & J. Zhang. 2010. Study on the bivalve faunal composition of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 7–12. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Mytilus

Blue mussels Mytilus edulis, copyright Hans Hillewaert.

Belongs within: Mytilidae.

Mytilus is a cosmopolitan genus of mussels bearing an elongate, wedge-shaped shell with a terminal beak.

<==Mytilus Linnaeus 1758 P61
    |--*M. edulis Linnaeus 1758 P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--M. e. edulis P61
    |    |--M. e. aoteanus Powell 1958 P61
    |    |--M. e. chilensis Hupe 1854 C96, GO78
    |    |--M. e. desolationis Lamy 1936 C96, T-Q84
    |    |--M. e. diegensis S59
    |    `--M. e. planulatus Lamarck 1819 HJ08
    |--M. adriaticus N79
    |--M. americanus [incl. M. tulipa] G79
    |--M. barbatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--M. brasiliensis [incl. M. guianensis, M. semifusca] G79
    |--M. californianus Conrad 1837 R78
    |--M. canaliculatus B64
    |--M. castaneus Lightfoot 1786 K65
    |--M. coruscus Gould 1861 XZ10
    |--M. domingensis G79
    |--M. exustus Linnaeus 1758 L58 [incl. M. citrinus G79, M. sulcata G79]
    |--M. humerus Conrad 1855 C64
    |--M. hyotis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--M. incertus W70
    |--M. inezensis C64
    |--M. inflatus Muller 1849 F27b
    |--M. latus H86
    |--M. ligneus G79
    |--M. linguloides (Huddleston 1884) (see below for synonymy) F27b
    |--M. minganensis Mighels 1844 J49
    |--M. mirabilis (Lepsius 1878) [=Gervillea mirabilis] W60
    |--M. multiformis [incl. M. adamsianus Dkr. 1856] C64
    |--M. mytilus P75
    |--M. nicobarica [incl. M. nicobarica var. kraussii] B79
    |--M. palliopunctatus C64
    |--M. perna PP64
    |--M. phaseolinus J79
    |--M. primulafontensis Etheridge 1902 F71
    |--M. ruber Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--M. smaragdinus H79
    |--M. sphinx W70
    |--M. splendens C64
    |--M. tenuistriatus PB27
    |--M. trossulus Gould 1950 VKK10
    |--M. unguis Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--M. ungulatus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |--M. variabilis P71
    `--M. viridis Linnaeus 1758 L58

*Mytilus edulis Linnaeus 1758 P61 [=M. (Eumytilus) edulis F27a; incl. M. edulis var. galloprovincialis Lamarck 1819 G84, XZ10, M. glomeratus C64, M. pedroanus Conrad 1855 C64]

Mytilus linguloides (Huddleston 1884) [=Modiola linguloides; incl. My. inflatus Moore 1870 non Muller 1849, My. moorei Cossmann 1907] F27b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B64] Bennett, E. W. 1964. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 153: 1–120.

[B79] Brazier, J. 1879. List of marine shells collected on Fitzroy Island, north coast of Australia; with notes on their geographical range. Journal of Conchology 2: 186–199.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C96] Crame, J. A. 1996. Evolution of high-latitude molluscan faunas. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 119–131. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[GO78] Gallardo S., C., & C. Osorio R. 1978. Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834) (Mollusca: Hiatellidae) on Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789) and other substrates. Veliger 20 (3): 274–278.

[G84] Gosling, E. M. 1984. The systematic status of Mytilus galloprovincialis in western Europe: a review. Malacologia 25 (2): 551–568.

[G79] Guppy, R. J. L. 1879. First sketch of a marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and its neighbourhood. Part I.—Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 2: 151–172.

[H79] Haast, J. von. 1879. Geology of the Provinces of Canterbury and Westland, New Zealand. A report comprising the results of official explorations. "Times" Office: Christchurch.

[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.

[H86] Hutton, F. W. 1886. The Mollusca of the Pareora and Oamaru systems of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 205–237.

[J79] Jeffreys, J. G. 1879. Notes on Colonel Montagu's collection of British shells. Journal of Conchology 2: 1–4.

[J49] Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 1 (14): 213–231.

[K65] Kay, E. A. 1965. The Reverend John Lightfoot, Daniel Solander, and the Portland Catalogue. Nautilus 79 (1): 10–19.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[P71] Por, F. D. 1971. One hundred years of Suez Canal—a century of Lessepsian migration: retrospect and viewpoints. Systematic Zoology 20 (2): 138–159.

[P75] Por, F. D. 1975. Pleistocene pulsation and preadaptation of biotas in Mediterranean seas: consequences for Lessepsian migration. Systematic Zoology 24 (1): 72–78.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[R78] Reid, R. G. B. 1978. The systematic, adaptive and physiological significance of proteolytic enzyme distribution in bivalves. Veliger 20 (3): 260–265.

[S59] Stohler, R. 1959. Range extensions of some west N. A. marines. Nautilus 72 (4): 127–130.

[T-Q84] Thiriot-Quiévreux, C. 1984. Les caryotypes de quelques Ostreidae et Mytilidae. Malacologia 25 (2): 465–476.

[VKK10] Vekhova, E. E., M. I. Kusaykin & K. V. Kiselev. 2010. The phytoplankton contribution to the diet of some mussel species (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from different parts of the Sea of Japan. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 104–108. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[W60] Waterhouse, J. B. 1960. Some Carnian pelecypods from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 425–442.

[W70] Wills, L. J. 1970. The Triassic succession in the central Midlands in its regional setting. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 126: 225–283.

[XZ10] Xu, F., & J. Zhang. 2010. Study on the bivalve faunal composition of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 7–12. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Hochstetteria

Hochstetteria pinctada, copyright Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Belongs within: Limopsoidea.

Hochstetteria is a genus of small bivalves with a thin, smooth or faintly radially ribbed shell with a distinct periostracum.

<==Hochstetteria Vélain 1878 P61
    |--*H. aviculoides Velain 1878 P61
    |--H. acutangula Powell 1935 P61
    |--H. crenella Velain 1878 [=Philobrya crenella] F27
    |--H. hamiltoni (Hedley 1916) P61
    |--H. meleagrina Bernard 1896 P61 [=Philippiella meleagrina F27]
    |--H. modiolina Velain 1878 F27
    |--H. modiolus (Suter 1913) P61
    |--H. munita Finlay 1930 P61
    |--H. pinctada Finlay 1930 P61
    |--H. sculpturalis Dell 1956 P61
    `--H. trapezina F27

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Cyclopecten

Cyclopecten secundus, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Pectinoidea.

Cyclopecten is a genus of deep-sea scallops with a minute, thin, rounded shell.

<==Cyclopecten Verrill 1897 F27
    |  i. s.: C. alaskenis (Dall 1872) W84
    |         C. culebrensis (Smith 1885) W84
    |         C. exquisitus Grau 1959 PP78
    |         C. favus F27
    |         C. murrayi (Smith 1885) [=Pecten murrayi] H09
    |         C. nanus Verrill & Bush 1897 W84
    |         C. obliquus F27
    |         C. thalassinus (Dall 1886) W84
    `--C. (Cyclochlamys Finlay 1927) P61
         |--C. (*C.) transennus (Suter 1913) [=Pecten transenna] P61
         |--C. (C.) aupouria Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. (C.) mestayerae Dell 1956 P61
         |--C. (C.) powelli Dell 1956 P61
         `--C. (C.) secundus Finlay 1927 P61 [=Cyclochlamys secundus F27]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[W84] Waller, T. R. 1984. The ctenolium of scallop shells: functional morphology and evolution of a key family-level character in the Pectinacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Malacologia 25 (1): 203–219.

Mimachlamys

Doughboy scallops Mimachlamys asperrima, copyright Peter Southwood.

Belongs within: Pectinidae.

Mimachlamys is a genus of medium-sized to large scallops, with highly unequal auricles and both primary and secondary spinous radial macrosculpture, that live byssally attached to rocks or coral.

Mimachlamys Iredale 1929 P61
    |--*M. asperrima (Lamarck 1819) P61, MG-H11 [=Chlamys (*Mimachlamys) asperrima P61]
    |--M. celator (Finlay 1928) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) celator] P61
    |--M. dichroa (Suter 1909) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) dichroa] P61
    |--M. gemmulata (Reeve 1853) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) gemmulata] P61
    |    |--M. g. gemmulata P61
    |    |--M. g. consociata (Smith 1915) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) gemmulata consociata] P61
    |    `--M. g. radiata (Hutton 1873) P61 [=Pecten radiatus H08, Chlamys (Mimachlamys) gemmulata radiata P61]
    |--M. kiwaensis (Powell 1933) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) kiwaensis] P61
    |--M. nobilis PC11
    |--M. suprasilis (Finlay 1928) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) suprasilis] P61
    |    |--M. s. suprasilis P61
    |    `--M. s. crepusculi (Fleming 1948) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) suprasilis crepusculi] P61
    |--M. taiaroa (Powell 1952) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) taiaroa] P61
    |--M. zeelandona (Hertlein 1931) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) zeelandona] P61
    `--M. zelandiae (Gray 1843) [=Chlamys (Mimachlamys) zelandiae] P61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H08] Hedley, C. 1908. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part X. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 456–489, pls 7–10.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.