Beyrichioidea

Male (above) and female Kloedenia normalis, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Palaeocopida.
Contains: Beyrichia.

The Beyrichioidea are a group of ostracods known from the mid-Ordovician to the early Permian characterised by the dimorphic development of a ventral to anteroventral lobe or pouch in females. The hinge of the carapace is straight but the Silurian Zygobolbidae have the lateral lobes L₂ and L₃ tending to project above the level of the dorsum (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Straight-hinged ostracodes with subequal ends or forward swing, mostly with well-developed lobes and sulci and showing tendency to have carinal, velate, and marginal structures; dimorphism usually well defined.

Beyrichioidea [Beyrichiacea, Beyrichiomorphinina] L05
    |  i. s.: Gillatia Öpik 1953 BB61
    |           `--*G. trinacria Öpik 1953 BB61
    |--Treposellidae [Treposellinae] WSB93
    |    |--Loutriella jupiterensis Copeland 1974 WSB93
    |    |--Parabouckekius martinssoni Jones 1985 WSB93
    |    |--Katatona romei Jones 1985 WSB93
    |    `--Treposella Ulrich & Bassler 1908 BB61
    |         |--*T. lyoni (Ulrich 1891) [=Beyrichia lyoni] BB61
    |         `--T. stellata BB61
    |--Craspedobolbinidae WSB93
    |    |--Malnina spinosa Jones 1989 WSB93
    |    |--Armilla sibirica Bushmina 1975 WSB93
    |    |--Craspedobolbina Kummerow 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*C. dietrichi Kummerow 1923 BB61
    |    |--Copelandella Bless & Jordan 1971 WSB93, G88
    |    |    `--C. novascotia (Jones & Kirby 1884) WSB93
    |    `--Bolbineossia Kesling, Heany et al. 1958 WSB93, BB61
    |         |--*B. didictyosa Kesling, Heany et al. 1958 BB61
    |         `--B. pineaulti Copeland 1974 WSB93
    |--Zygobolbidae [Zygobolbinae] BB61
    |    |--Bonnemaia Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*B. celsa Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |--Glymmatobolbina Harris 1957 BB61
    |    |    `--*G. quadrata Harrs 1957 BB61
    |    |--Mastigobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*M. typa Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |--Plethobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*P. typicalis Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    `--Zygobolba Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |         |--*Z. (Zygobolba) decora (Billings 1866) [=Beyrichia decora] BB61
    |         |--Z. (Zygobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923) BB61
    |         |    `--Z. (*Z.) conradi (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=*Zygobolbina conradi] BB61
    |         `--Z. (Zygosella Ulrich & Bassler 1923) BB61
    |              `--Z. (*Z.) vallata (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=*Zygosella vallata] BB61
    |--Kloedenia Jones & Holl 1886 BB61 [Kloedeniidae L05, Kloedeniinae, Kloedeninae]
    |    |--*K. wilckensiana (Jones 1855) [=Beyrichia wilckensiana] BB61
    |    |--K. apiculata Jones 1888 C01
    |    |--K. australis Chapman 1920 F71
    |    |--K. fifieldensis Chapman 1920 F71
    |    |--K. gotlandica Chapman 1901 C01
    |    |--K. normalis BB61
    |    `--K. sussexensis BB61
    |--Ochescaphidae L05
    `--Beyrichiidae [Beyrichiinae, Beyrichinae] BB61
         |--Fallaticella schaeferi Schallreuter 1984 WSB93
         |--Apatobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*A. granifera Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Bolbibollia Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*B. labrosa Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Bolbiprimitia Kay 1940 BB61
         |    `--*B. fissurella (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=Halliella fissurella] BB61
         |--Cornikloedenia Henningsmoen 1954 BB61
         |    `--*C. ventralis (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=Drepanellina ventralis] BB61
         |--Ctenobolbinella Kummerow 1953 BB61
         |    `--*C. carinata Kummerow 1953 BB61
         |--Dolichoscapha Kesling & Ehlers 1958 BB61
         |    `--*D. escharota Kesling & Ehlers 1958 BB61
         |--Drepanellina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*D. clarki Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Halliella Ulrich 1891 BB61
         |    `--*H. retifera Ulrich 1891 BB61
         |--Hibbardia Kesling 1953 BB61
         |    `--*H. lacrimosa (Swartz & Oriel 1948) [=Amphissites lacrimosus] BB61
         |--Mesomphalus Ulrich & Bassler 1913 [=Mezomphalus Zaspelova 1952] BB61
         |    `--*M. hartleyi Ulrich & Bassler 1913 BB61
         |--Myomphalus Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--*M. dorsinodosus Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |--Phlyctiscapha Kesling 1953 BB61
         |    `--*P. rockportensis Kesling 1953 BB61
         |--Pseudobeyrichia Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--*P. perornata Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |--Saccarchites Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--*S. saccularis Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |--Welleria Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*W. obliqua Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Bodenia Ivanova 1959 LH61
         |    `--*B. aspera Ivanova 1959 LH61
         |--Pseudoleperditia Schneider 1956 WSB93, BB61
         |    `--*P. tuberculifera Schneider 1956 BB61
         |--Dibolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    |--*D. cristata Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--D. steusloffi BB61
         |--Lophokloedenia Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    |--*L. manliensis (Weller 1903) [=Beyrichia manliensis] BB61
         |    `--L. kummeli BB61
         |--Welleriopsis Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    |--*W. diplocystulis Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--W. jerseyensis BB61
         |--Zygobeyrichia Ulrich 1916 BB61
         |    |--*Z. apicalis Ulrich 1916 BB61
         |    `--Z. barretti BB61
         |--Kyamodes Jones 1888 [=Kyammodes Ulrich & Bassler 1908] BB61
         |    |--*K. whidbornei Jones 1888 BB61
         |    |--K. kiesowi BB61
         |    `--K. tricornis BB61
         `--Beyrichia BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[C01] Chapman, F. 1901. On some fossils of Wenlock age from Mulde, near Klinteberg, Gotland; with notes by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. F. A. Bather. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 141–160, pl. 3.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[L05] Liebau, A. 2005. A revised classification of the higher taxa of the Ostracoda (Crustacea). Hydrobiologia 538: 115–137.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

Cypridinidae

Left view of female Vargula norvegica, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Myodocopida.

The Cypridinidae are a group of relatively large planktic ostracods, often over two millimetres in length.

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961, as Cypridininae): Carapace more or less strongly calcified, usually smooth; dorsal border arched, anterior margin of rostrum evenly curved or sinuous. Mostly rather large forms (more than 2 mm); sexual dimorphism weak or absent.

<==Cypridinidae [Cypridinadae, Cypridininae]
    |--Codonocera Brady 1902 BB61
    |    `--*C. cruenta Brady 1902 BB61
    |--Gigantocypris Müller 1895 BB61
    |    `--*G. agassizi Müller 1895 BB61
    |--Eocypridina Kesling & Ploch 1960 LH61
    |    `--*E. campbelli Kesling & Ploch 1960 LH61
    |--Cyprosis Jones 1881 M61, BB61
    |    `--*C. haswelli Jones 1881 BB61
    |--Azygocypridina Sylvester-Bradley 1950 [=Crossophorus Brady 1880 non Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828] BB61
    |    |--*A. imperator (Brady 1880) [=*Crossophorus imperator] BB61
    |    `--A. gibber BB61
    |--Heterodesmus Brady 1865 [incl. Siphonostra Skogsberg 1920] BB61
    |    |--*H. adamsi Brady 1866 BB61
    |    `--H. spinifer BB61
    |--Cypridina Milne Edwards 1840 (see below for synonymy) BB61
    |    |--C. inermis [incl. *C. reynaudi Milne Edwards 1840] BB61
    |    |--C. globosa BK77
    |    `--C. homoedwardsiana S61
    `--Vargula Skogsberg 1920 BB61
         |  i. s.: V. bullae M83
         |         V. hilgendorfi (Müller 1890) HM03
         |--*V. (Vargula) norvegica (Baird 1860) [=Cypridina norvegica] BB61
         `--V. (Doloria Skogsberg 1920) BB61
              `--V. (*D.) levis (Skogsberg 1920) [=Cypridina (*D.) levis] BB61

Cypridina Milne Edwards 1840 [incl. Daphnia M’Coy 1844 non Müller 1776, Eupathistoma Brady 1898, Pyrocypris Müller 1890] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[HM03] Hanamura, Y., & M. Matsuoka. 2003. Feeding habits of the sand shrimp, Crangon uritai Hayashi & Kim, 1999, in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Crustaceana 76 (8): 1017–1024.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M83] Morin, J. G. 1983. Coastal bioluminescence: patterns and functions. Bulletin of Marine Science 33 (4): 787–817.

[S61] Scott, H. W. 1961. Shell morphology of Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q21–Q37. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

Graviidae

Left view of Ceratocypris longispina, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Graviidae are a group of Palaeozoic ostracods characterised by a carapace with epibolic ventral margins.

<==Graviidae M61
    |--Gravia Polenova 1952 (n. d.) BB61
    |    `--*G. aculata Polenova 1952 BB61
    |--Pribylina Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |    `--*P. levis Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |--Boucekites Přibyl 1951 M61, BB61
    |    `--*B. devonicus Přibyl 1951 BB61
    |--Selebratina Polenova 1952 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |    `--*S. dentata (Polenova 1952) [=Gravia (*Selebratina) dentata] BB61
    |--Pinnatulites Hessland 1949 M61, BB61
    |    `--*P. procera (Kummerow 1924) [=Primitiella procera] BB61
    `--Ceratocypris Poulsen 1934 M61, BB61
         |--*C. symmetrica Poulsen 1934 BB61
         `--C. longispina BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

Drepanellacea

Left valve of Kirkbyella delicata, from Hoare & Merrill (2004).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Drepanellacea are a group of non-dimorphic ostracods known from the Ordovician to the Permian (Whatley et al. 1993). Members of the group vary greatly in development of nodes and features of the marginal rim but are united by the existence of intermediate forms (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Carapace subquadrate to subrectangular, with or without marginal rim; surface smooth, pitted, or reticulate; one or more nodes present, sometimes terminated by spines; nodes rarely lobate; S₂ poorly to well defined; hingement by tongue and groove; dimorphism unknown.

<==Drepanellacea [Aechminacea, Binodicopa] BB61
    |  i. s.: Saffordellina Bassler & Kellett 1934 [=Saffordella Ulrich & Bassler 1923 non Dunbar 1920] BB61
    |           `--*S. muralis (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=*Saffordella muralis] BB61
    |--Spinigeritidae WSB93
    |    |--Susus sus Schallreuter 1991 WSB93
    |    `--Eocytherella Bonnema 1933 WSB93, BB61
    |         |--E. nioni Vannier 1986 WSB93
    |         |--E. smithi (Jones 1887) [=Cytherella smithi] BB61
    |         `--E. troedssoni (Bonnema 1933) [=Cytherella troedssoni, Primitia tenera Troedsson 1918 (preoc.)] BB61
    |--Kirkbyellidae BB61
    |    |--Psilokirkbyella prominens Becker & Wang 1992 WSB93
    |    `--Kirkbyella Coryell & Booth 1933 HM04
    |         |--*K. (Kirkbyella) typa Coryell & Booth 1933 BB61
    |         `--K. (Berdanella Sohn 1961) HM04
    |              |--K. (B.) delicata Hoare & Merrill 2004 HM04
    |              |--K. (B.) gutkei (Croneis & Bristol 1939) HM04
    |              `--K. (B.) quadrata (Croneis & Gutke 1939) HM04
    |--Richinidae [Circulinidae] BB61
    |    |--Rivillina schallreuteri Vannier 1983 WSB93
    |    |--Crescentilla Barrande 1872 BB61
    |    |    `--*C. pugnax Barrande 1872 BB61
    |    |--Pseudulrichia Schmidt 1941 BB61
    |    |    |--*P. bivertex (Ulrich 1879) [=Leperditia bivertex] BB61
    |    |    `--P. simplex BB61
    |    |--Richina Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
    |    |    |--*R. truncata Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
    |    |    |--R. selenicristata Stover 1956 WSB93
    |    |    `--R. zygalis BB61
    |    `--Parulrichia Schmidt 1941 BB61
    |         `--*P. diversa (Jones & Holl 1886) [=Primitia diversa] BB61
    |              |--P. d. diversa BB61
    |              `--P. d. antiqua BB61
    |--Aechminellidae BB61
    |    |--Aechminella Harlton 1933 [incl. Balantoides Morey 1935, Boursella Turner 1939] BB61
    |    |    `--*A. trispinosa Harlton 1933 BB61
    |    |--Bicornella Coryell & Cuskley 1934 BB61
    |    |    `--*B. tricornis Coryell & Cuskley 1934 BB61
    |    |--Cornigerella Warthin 1930 BB61
    |    |    `--‘Beyrichia’ tuberculospinosa Jones & Kirkby 1886 [incl. *Cornigerella minuta Warthin 1930] BB61
    |    |--Evlanovia Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    |    `--*E. tichonovitchi Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    |--Mauryella Ulrich & Bassler 1923 [incl. Verrucolsella Neave 1950, Verrucosella Croneis & Gale 1938] BB61
    |    |    `--*M. mammilata Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |--Milanovskya Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    |    `--*M. bicornis Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    `--Beyrichiana Kellett 1933 BB61
    |         `--*B. permiana Kellett 1933 BB61
    |--Aechminidae [Aechmininae] BB61
    |    |--Lindsayella Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |    `--*L. rugosa Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |--Sigynus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--*S. dictyotus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |--Waldronites Coryell & Williamson 1942 [=Cornulina Coryell & Williamson 1936 non Conrad 1853] BB61
    |    |    `--*W. bispinosa (Coryell & Williamson 1936) [=*Cornulina bispinosa] BB61
    |    |--Mammoides Bradfield 1935 WSB93, BB61
    |    |    `--*M. mammilata Bradfield 1935 BB61, WSB93 [=Beyrichiana mammilata BB61]
    |    |--Aechmina Jones & Holl 1869 BB61
    |    |    |--*A. cuspidata Jones & Holl 1869 BB61
    |    |    |--A. bovina Jones 1887 [incl. A. bovina var. punctata Krause 1892] C01
    |    |    `--A. ventadorni Vannier 1986 WSB93
    |    |--Aechminaria Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |    |--*A. nodosa Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |    `--A. robusta BB61
    |    `--Paraechmina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |         |--*P. spinosa (Hall 1852) [=Cytherina spinosa, Beyrichia spinosa] BB61
    |         `--P. postica BB61
    |--Drepanellidae [Depranellidae, Drepanellinae, Neodrepanellinae] BB61
    |    |--Pilla sinensis (Hou 1953) WSB93
    |    |--Duplexibollia duplex (Kraus 1892) WSB93
    |    |--Drepanella Ulrich 1890 [=Depranella Ulrich 1890] BB61
    |    |    `--*D. crassinoda Ulrich 1890 BB61
    |    |--Acantonodella Zaspelova 1952 [incl. Acanthodella Howe 1955] BB61
    |    |    `--*A. terciocornuta Zaspelova 1952 BB61
    |    |--Kinnekullea Henningsmoen 1948 BB61
    |    |    `--*K. waerni Henningsmoen 1948 BB61
    |    |--Neodrepanella Zaspelova 1952 [incl. Tetracornella Zaspelova 1952] BB61
    |    |    `--*N. tricornis (Batalina 1941) [=Drepanella tricornis] BB61
    |    |--Scofieldia Ulrich & Bassler 1908 BB61
    |    |    `--*S. bilateralis (Ulrich 1894) [=Drepanella bilateralis] BB61
    |    |--Planusella Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |    |    `--*P. bicornis Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |    |--Pseudonodella Zaspelova 1952 M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*P. plana Zaspelova 1952 BB61
    |    `--Pseudonodellina Polenova 1955 M61, BB61
    |         |--*P. parvula (Polenova 1953) [=Nodella parvula] BB61
    |         |--P. rotundata BB61
    |         `--P. strelniensis BB61
    |--Bolliidae [Bolliinae, Ulrichiinae] BB61
    |    |--Klimphores kuemperi Schallreuter 1992 WSB93
    |    |--Neoulrichia pulchra Kozur 1983 WSB93
    |    |--Bichilina Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    |    `--*B. prima Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    |--Jonesites Coryell 1930 [=Placentula Jones & Holl 1886 non Lamarck 1822; incl. Placentella Wilson 1935] BB61
    |    |    `--*J. excavata (Jones & Holl 1869) [=Primitia excavata, *Placentula excavata] BB61
    |    |--Maratia Kay 1940 BB61
    |    |    `--*M. mara Kay 1940 BB61
    |    |--Tetrastorthynx Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--*T. diabolicus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |--Tmemolophus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--*T. margarotus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |--Jonesella Ulrich 1890 M61, BB61 [incl. Melanella Wade 1911 non Bowdich 1822 BB61, Vogdesella Baker 1924 BB61]
    |    |      `--*J. crepidiformis (Ulrich 1879) [=Leperditia crepidiformis] BB61
    |    |--Kayatia Öpik 1953 M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*K. prima Öpik 1953 BB61
    |    |--Signetopsis Henningsmoen 1954 M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*S. quadrilobata Henningsmoen 1954 BB61
    |    |--Parajonesites Ivanova 1955 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*P. notabilis Ivanova 1955 BB61
    |    |--Parenthatia Kay 1940 BB61
    |    |    |--*P. punctata (Ulrich 1894) [=Moorea punctata] BB61
    |    |    `--P. camerata BB61
    |    |--Ulrichia Jones 1890 [incl. Limbatula Zaspelova 1952, Warthinia Spivey 1939] BB61
    |    |    |--*U. conradi Jones 1890 BB61
    |    |    `--U. nodosa [=*Warthinia nodosa] BB61
    |    |--Xystinotus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    |--*X. wrighrotum Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--X. subnodatus BB61
    |    `--Bollia Jones & Holl 1886 BB61
    |         |--*B. uniflexa Jones & Holl 1886 BB61
    |         |--B. auricularis Jones 1887 C01
    |         |--B. subaequata BB61
    |         `--B. ungula BB61
    `--Quadrijugatoridae [Ceratopsinae, Quadrijugatidae] WSB93
         |--Harpabollia harparum (Troedsson 1918) WSB93
         |--Hesslandella Henningsmoen 1953 BB61 BB61
         |    `--*H. macroreticulata (Hessland 1949) [=Ctenentoma macroreticulata] BB61
         |--Protallinnella Jaanusson 1957 BB61
         |    `--*P. grewingki (Bock 1867) [=Beyrichia grewingki] BB61
         |--Pseudorakverella Sarv 1959 BB61
         |    `--*P. optata Sarv 1959 BB61
         |--Rigidella Öpik 1937 BB61
         |    `--*R. mitis (Öpik 1935) [=Steusloffia mitis] BB61
         |--Tallinnopsis Sarv 1959 BB61
         |    `--*T. calkeri (Bonnema 1909) [=Tetradella calkeri] BB61
         |--Tetrada Neckaja 1958 BB61
         |    `--*T. memorabilis (Neckaja 1953) [=Tetradella memorabilis] BB61
         |--Zygobolboides Spivey 1939 BB61
         |    `--*Z. grafensis Spivey 1939 BB61
         |--Ivaria Neckaja 1960 M61 [=Glossopsis Neckaja 1953 nec Bush 1904 nec Hessland 1949 BB61]
         |    `--*I. robusta (Hessland 1949) [=*Glossopsis robusta] M61
         |--Piretopsis Henningsmoen 1953 M61, BB61
         |    `--*P. donsi Henningsmoen 1953 BB61
         |--Quadrijugator Kesling & Hussey 1953 BB61
         |    |--*Q. permarginatus (Foerste 1917) [=Bollia permarginata] BB61
         |    `--Q. marcoi Vannier 1986 WSB93
         |--Tallinnella Öpik 1937 BB61
         |    |--*T. dimorpha Öpik 1937 BB61
         |    `--T. marchica (Krause 1889) TM02
         |--Ceratopsis Ulrich 1894 (see below for synonymy) BB61
         |    |--*C. chambersi (Miller 1875) [=Beyrichia chambersi] BB61
         |    `--C. oculifera BB61
         |--Kiesowia Ulrich & Bassler 1908 BB61
         |    |--*K. dissecta (Krause 1892) [=Beyrichia dissecta] BB61
         |    `--K. radians BB61
         |--Quadrilobella Ivanova 1955 [incl. Tetradellina Harris 1957] BB61
         |    |--*Q. recta Ivanova 1955 BB61
         |    `--Q. arpilobata BB61
         `--Ullerella Henningsmoen 1950 M61, BB61 [=Ullia Henningsmoen 1949 non Roewer 1943 BB61]
              |--*U. ulli (Dons 1949) [=*Ullia ulli] BB61
              `--U. ventroplicata BB61

Ceratopsis Ulrich 1894 [incl. Ceratella Ulrich 1890 (n. n.) nec Hook. f. 1844 (ICBN) nec Gray 1869 nec Pat. 1887 (ICBN) nec (Quél.) Bigeard & Guill. 1913 (ICBN)] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[C01] Chapman, F. 1901. On some fossils of Wenlock age from Mulde, near Klinteberg, Gotland; with notes by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. F. A. Bather. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 141–160, pl. 3.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[TM02] Tinn, O., & T. Meidla. 2002. An enigmatic early ?palaeocope ostracode from the Arenig of NW Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 685–690.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

Kirkbya

Right view of Kirkbya, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Kirkbyoidea.

Kirkbya is a genus of ostracods known from Carboniferous and early Permian (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Elongate, greatest length at or near dorsal margin; posterior cardinal angle acute; lateral surface evenly convex or with posterior shoulder; 2 marginal rims.

<==Kirkbya Jones 1859 HM04
    |--*K. permiana (Jones 1850) [=Dithyrocaris permiana] BB61
    |--K. bellula CB86
    |--K. bendensis Harlton 1933 HM04
    |--K. canyonensis BB61
    |--K. clarocarinata Knight 1928 ZL87
    |--K. fuldaensis Shaver & Smith 1974 HM04
    |--K. inornata Roth 1929 HM04
    |--K. lessnikovae Posner 1951 S82
    |--K. ‘permiana’ (Kirkby 1858) [=Leperditia permiana non Dithyrocaris permiana Jones 1850] S82
    `--K. quadrata Robinson 1959 HM04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[CB86] Chen D.-Q. & Bao H. 1986. Lower Permian ostracodes from the Chihsia Formation of Jurong and Longtan, Jiangsu Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 3 (2): 107–132.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

[S82] Shi C.-G. 1982. Some early Carboniferous ostracodes from Nylam, Xizang (Tibet). Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 21 (3): 309–314.

[ZL87] Zhang X.-J. & Liang X.-Y. 1987. Ostracoda from the Taiyuan Formation of Xingyang and Gong Xian districts, Henan. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 4 (3): 293–312.

Primitiopsidae

Reconstruction of Primitiopsis planifrons, from Tanaka et al. (2009).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Primitiopsidae are a group of ostracods known from the Ordovician to the mid-Devonian (Whatley et al. 1993).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Unisulcate (sulcus or sulcal pit corresponding to S₂) or nonsulcate; hingement may consist of median groove and corresponding ridge with lateral pits and prominences. Dimorphic, with more or less closed posterior velar chamber in heteromorphs but adventral structures may or may not be developed in tecnomorphs.

<==Primitiopsidae [Primitiopsididae]
    |  i. s.: Coryellina Bradfield 1935 WSB93, ZL87
    |           |--*C. capax Bradfield 1935 BB61
    |           `--C. indicata Sohn 1954 WSB93
    |--Polenovula Martinsson 1960 [Polenovulinae] BB61
    |    `--*P. crassa (Polenova 1955) [=Leperditellina crassa] BB61
    |--Anisocyamus Martinsson 1960 [Anisocyaminae] BB61
    |    |--*A. elegans (Harris 1957) [=Primitiopsis elegans] BB61
    |    `--A. multiperforata (Harris 1957) WSB93
    |--Leiocyaminae BB61
    |    |--Leiocyamus Martinsson 1956 BB61
    |    |    `--*L. apicatus Martinsson 1956 BB61
    |    `--Amygdalella Martinsson 1956 [=Amygalella (l. c.)] BB61
    |         `--*A. subclusa Martinsson 1956 BB61
    `--Primitiopsinae [Primitiopsiinae] BB61
         |--Clavofabella Martinsson 1955 BB61 [=Clavafabella (l. c.) M61]
         |    `--*C. incurvata Martinsson 1955 BB61
         |--Limbinaria Swartz 1956 BB61
         |    `--*L. multipunctata Swartz 1956 BB61
         |--Primitiopsella Polenova 1960 (see below for synonymy) BB61
         |    `--*P. miranda (Polenova 1955) [=*Leperditellina miranda, *Viazoviella miranda] BB61
         |--Sulcicuneus Kesling 1951 [Sulcicuneinae] BB61
         |    `--*S. porrectinatium Kesling 1951 BB61
         `--Primitiopsis Jones 1887 BB61
              |--*P. planifrons Jones 1887 BB61
              `--P. bassleri S61

Primitiopsella Polenova 1960 [=Leperditellina Polenova 1955 non Neckaja 1955, Viazoviella Martinsson 1960] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S61] Scott, H. W. 1961. Shell morphology of Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q21–Q37. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

[ZL87] Zhang X.-J. & Liang X.-Y. 1987. Ostracoda from the Taiyuan Formation of Xingyang and Gong Xian districts, Henan. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 4 (3): 293–312.

Polytylites

Left valve of Polytylites superus, from Hoare & Merrill (2004).

Belongs within: Kirkbyoidea.

Polytylites is a genus of ostracods known from the Carboniferous and early Permian of Eurasia and North America, characterised by a carapace with well-developed terminal nodes and without carinae flanking the median node (Benson et al. 1961).

<==Polytylites Cooper 1941 HM04
    |--*P. geniculatus Cooper 1941 BB61
    |--P. biforatus (Croneis & Thurman 1939) HM04
    |--P. digitatus BB61
    |--P. elongatus (Croneis & Bristol 1939) HM04
    |--P. nodobliquus (Croneis & Gale 1939) HM04
    |--P. nodosus (Roth 1929) HM04
    |--P. quincollinus (Harlton 1929) HM04
    |--P. subrectus Hoare & Merrill 2004 HM04
    |--P. superus (Croneis & Gale 1939) [=Amphissites superus] HM04
    `--P. trilobus (Croneis & Gale 1939) [=Amphissites trilobus] HM04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

Youngiellacea

(Left to right) right, left, interior of left and interior of right valves of Moorites tumidus, from Hoare & Merrill (2004).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Youngiellacea are a group of very small ostracods known from the Upper Devonian and Carboniferous periods (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Carapace minute, suboblong, with straight taxodont hinge bearing vertical teeth and sockets. Surface smooth, reticulate or ridged.

<==Youngiellacea BB61
    |  i. s.: Schweyerina Zaspelova 1952 BB61
    |           |--*S. ovata Zaspelova 1952 BB61
    |           `--S. normalis BB61
    `--Youngiellidae BB61
         |--Youngiella Jones & Kirkby 1895 [=Youngia Jones & Kirkby 1886 non Lindström 1885] BB61
         |    `--*Y. rectodorsalis (Jones & Kirby 1886) BB61, HM04 [=*Youngia rectidorsalis BB61]
         |--Glyptopleuroides Croneis & Gale 1938 BB61
         |    `--*G. insculptus Croneis & Gale 1938 BB61
         |--Moorea Jones & Kirkby in Jones & Holl 1869 M61, BB61
         |    `--*M. silurica Jones & Holl 1869 BB61
         |--Kelletella Delo 1930 (n. d.) M61, BB61
         |    `--*K. naviculata Delo 1930 BB61
         `--Moorites Coryell & Billings 1932 [incl. Hardinia Coryell & Rozanski 1942] BB61
              |--M. minutus (Warthin 1930) [=Glyptopleurina minuta; incl. *M. hewetti Coryell & Billings 1932] BB61
              |--M. elongatus (Jones & Kirby 1886) HM04
              |--M. erugatus Hoare 1998 HM04
              `--M. tumidus Hoare & Merrill 2004 HM04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

Leperditellidae

Left (upper) and right valves of Primitia tumidula, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Platycopida.

The Leperditellidae are a group of ostracods known from the Ordovician period. They have straight-hinged, unisulcate valves without any marginal frill, velate structures or flanges at the extremities of the hinge (Benson et al. 1961).

Leperditellidae [Leperditellacea, Primitiidae, Primitiinae]
    |--Leptoderos Hoare & Merrill 2004 HM04
    |    `--*L. arytaina Hoare & Merrill 2004 HM04
    |--Aparchitella Ivanova 1955 BB61
    |    `--*A. major Ivanova 1955 BB61
    |--Bonneprimites Swartz & Whitmore 1956 [incl. Eoprimitia Harris 1957] BB61
    |    `--*B. bonnemai (Swartz 1936) [=Primitia bonnemai] BB61
    |--Ectoprimitia Bouček 1936 BB61
    |    `--*E. corrugata (Krause 1892) [=Primitia corrugata] BB61
    |--Haploprimitia Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    `--*H. minutissima (Ulrich 1894) [=Primitia minutissima] BB61
    |--Milleratia Swartz 1936 BB61
    |    `--*M. cincinnatiensis (Miller 1875) [=Beyrichia cincinnatiensis] BB61
    |--Parahealdia Coryell & Cuskley 1934 BB61
    |    `--*P. pecorella Coryell & Cuskley 1934 BB61
    |--Sinoprimitia Hou 1953 BB61
    |    `--*S. sinensis Hou 1953 BB61
    |--Conchoprimites Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    |--*C. reticulifera Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    `--C. tolli BB61
    |--Hallatia Kay 1934 BB61
    |    |--*H. healeyensis Kay 1934 BB61
    |    `--H. convexa BB61
    |--Leperditella Ulrich 1894 BB61
    |    |--*L. rex Coryell & Schenck 1941 [=Leperditia inflata Ulrich 1892 non Munster 1830] BB61
    |    |--L. tumida (Ulrich 1892) WSB93
    |    `--L. valida Harris 1957 WSB93
    `--Primitia Jones & Holl 1865 BB61
         |--*P. mundula (Jones 1885) [=Beyrichia mundula] BB61
         |--P. duni Chapman 1920 F71
         |--P. elongata Krause 1891 C01 [incl. P. elongata var. parallela Chapman 1920 F71]
         |--P. fabulina Jones & Holl 1886 C01
         |--P. humilis Jones & Holl 1886 C01
         |--P. mammata BB61
         |--P. ornata Jones & Holl 1886 C01
         |--P. punctata Jones 1887 C01
         |--P. reticristata Jones 1887 C01
         |--P. scaphoides G88
         |--P. tumidula BB61
         `--P. valida Jones & Holl 1886 (see below for synonymy) C01

Primitia valida Jones & Holl 1886 [incl. P. valida var. angustata Jones & Holl 1886, P. valida var. breviata Jones & Holl 1886] C01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[C01] Chapman, F. 1901. On some fossils of Wenlock age from Mulde, near Klinteberg, Gotland; with notes by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. F. A. Bather. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 141–160, pl. 3.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

Eurychilinidae

Uhakiella kohtlensis, from Geoscience Collections of Estonia.

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Eurychilinidae are a group of ostracods known from the Ordovician to the Devonian (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Straight-hinged, unisulcate or with pit, marginal frill or velate structure, commonly showing dimorphic variations but females lacking domiciliar pouch.

<==Eurychilinidae [Eurychilininae] BB61
    |--Hlubocepina Přibyl 1955 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |--Apatochilina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    `--*A. obesa (Ulrich 1890) [=Eurychilina obesa] BB61
    |--Coelochilina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    `--*C. aequalis (Ulrich 1890) [=Eurychilina aequalis] BB61
    |--Tsitrella Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    `--*T. lamina Sarv 1959 BB61
    |--Novakina Bouček 1936 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |    `--*N. applanans Bouček 1936 BB61
    |--Trubinella Přibyl 1949 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |    `--*T. latens (Barrande 1872) [=Hippa latens] BB61
    |--Pyxiprimitia Swartz 1936 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |    `--*P. ventriclefta Swartz 1936 BB61
    |--Bicornellina Zaspelova 1952 ZL87
    |    |--*B. bolchovitinovae Zaspelova 1952 ZL87
    |    `--B. pulchra Zhang in Zhang & Liang 1987 ZL87
    |--Eurychilina Ulrich 1899 [incl. Actinochilina Jaanusson 1957] BB61
    |    |--*E. reticulata Ulrich 1889 BB61
    |    `--E. papillata BB61
    |--Euprimites Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    |--*E. reticulogranulata Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    `--E. effusus S61
    |--Laccoprimitia Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |--*L. centralis (Ulrich 1890) [=Primitia centralis] BB61
    |    `--L. ventroturgida BB61
    |--Laccochilina Hessland 1949 [incl. Eobromidella Harris 1957, Prochilina Jaanusson 1957] BB61
    |    |--*L. estonula (Öpik 1935) [=Eurychilina estonula] BB61
    |    |--L. decumana TM02
    |    `--L. dorsoplicata BB61
    `--Uhakiella Öpik 1937 WSB93, BB61
         |--*U. coelodesma Öpik 1937 BB61
         |--U. jonesiana (Schmidt 1941) WSB93
         `--U. kohtlensis BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S61] Scott, H. W. 1961. Shell morphology of Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q21–Q37. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[TM02] Tinn, O., & T. Meidla. 2002. An enigmatic early ?palaeocope ostracode from the Arenig of NW Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 685–690.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

[ZL87] Zhang X.-J. & Liang X.-Y. 1987. Ostracoda from the Taiyuan Formation of Xingyang and Gong Xian districts, Henan. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 4 (3): 293–312.

Piretellidae

Left and right valves of male Bromidella depressa, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Piretellidae are a group of ostracods known from the Ordovician, commonly characterised by a large submedian knob on the valve surrounded by a deep sulcus (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Amplete or preplete, cardinal angles well defined, S₂ permanently distinct (other sulci may be indicated), L₂ usually developed as prominent presulcate knob (other lobes generally not present), dorsal plica and lobal crests usually present, generally C₁ and C₃, which may be united ventrally and, dorsally, with dorsal plica; scattered tubercles present on surface, sometimes seemingly forming indistinct linear patterns; dimorphic, velar ridge or flange in tecnomorphs and incurved frill forming anteroventral closed or almost closed chamber in heteromorphs (frill may be continued posteriorly by isolated spines).

<==Piretellidae
    |--Bolbina Henningsmoen 1953 BB61
    |    `--*B. ornata (Krause 1896) [=Bollia ornata] BB61
    |--Hesperidella Öpik 1937 BB61
    |    `--*H. esthonica (Bonnema 1909) BB61
    |--Piretia Jaanusson 1957 BB61
    |    `--*P. geniculata Jaanusson 1957 BB61
    |--Piretella Öpik 1937 [incl. Duhmbergia Schmidt 1941] BB61
    |    |--*P. acmaea Öpik 1937 BB61
    |    `--P. margaritata BB61
    |--Rakverella Öpik 1937 BB61
    |    |--*R. spinosa Öpik 1937 BB61
    |    `--R. bonnemai BB61
    `--Bromidella Harris 1931 BB61
         |--*B. reticulata Harris 1931 BB61
         |--B. depressa BB61
         `--B. rhomboides BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

Bassleratiidae

Right view of Bassleratia typa, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Bassleratiidae are a group of small ostracods known from the lower to mid-Ordovician (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Small, subovate to subrectangular with one or more marginal ridges and anterocentral node; other ridges and nodes commonly within marginal ridges.

<==Bassleratiidae [Bassleratinae]
    |--Bellornatia Kay 1934 BB61
    |    `--*B. tricollis Kay 1934 BB61
    |--Lennukella Jaanusson 1957 BB61
    |    `--*L. europaea Jaanusson 1957 BB61
    |--Raymondatia Kay 1934 BB61
    |    `--*R. goniglypta Kay 1934 BB61
    |--Thomasatia Kay 1934 BB61
    |    `--*T. falcicosta Kay 1934 BB61
    |--Opikatia Kay 1940 M61, BB61 [=Oepikatia Henningsmoen 1953 BB61]
    |    `--*O. emaciata Kay 1940 BB61
    `--Bassleratia Kay 1934 [incl. Hilseweckella Harris 1957, Laddella Spivey 1939] BB61
         |--*B. typa Kay 1934 BB61
         `--B. rugulosa (Harris 1957) [=*Hilseweckella rugulosa] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

Sigmoopsidae

Ventral (upper) and right views of Winchellatia minnesotensis, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Sigmoopsidae are a group of dimorphic ostracods known from the Ordovician (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Carapace nearly equivalved, with straight hinge line; valves subquadrate to subelliptical in outline and bi-, tri-, or quadrilobate, usually with gently convex posterior region forming extralobate area, lobes joined to ventral ridge that by its position usually corresponds to histium; S₂ uniformly present, generally long and sinuous, S₃ present in trilobate genera; marginal and one or two parallel structures developed in most species as low unornamented ridges. Dimorphism present, expressed in form of outermost ridge or flange-like structure (histium); ridge between marginal and histial structures sometimes present.

<==Sigmoopsidae [Sigmoopsidinae, Sigmoopsiidae]
    |--Sigmoopsis Henningsmoen 1953 BB61
    |    `--*S. platyceras (Öpik 1937) [=Ceratopsis platyceras] BB61
    |--Aulacopsis Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    |--*A. bifissurata Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    `--A. simplex (Krause 1892) TM02
    |--Brevibolbina Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    `--*B. dimorpha Sarv 1959 BB61
    |--Carinobolbina Henningsmoen 1953 BB61
    |    `--*C. estona (Öpik 1937) [=Ctenobolbina estona] BB61
    |--Disulcina Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    `--*D. perita (Sarv 1956) [=Ctenobolbina perita] BB61
    |--Ogmoopsis Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    |--*O. nodulifera Hessland 1949 BB61
    |    `--O. bocki (Öpik 19350 TM02
    |--Ordovicia Neckaja 1956 BB61
    |    `--*O. porchowiensis Neckaja 1956 BB61
    |--Pseudotallinnella Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    `--*P. scopulosa Sarv 1959 BB61
    |--Reigiopsis Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    `--*R. oepiki Sarv 1959 BB61
    |--Lomatobolbina Jaanusson 1957 BB61
    |    |--*L. mammillata (Thorsland 1940) [=Ctenobolbina mammillata] BB61
    |    `--L. craspedota BB61
    |--Oecematobolbina Jaanusson 1957 BB61
    |    |--*O. nitens Jaanusson 1957 BB61
    |    `--O. ctenolopha BB61
    |--Sigmobolbina Henningsmoen 1953 BB61
    |    |--*S. kuckersiana (Bonnema 1909) [=Entomis oblonga var. kuckersiana] BB61
    |    `--S. sigmoidea BB61
    |--Polyceratella Öpik 1937 BB61
    |    |--*P. kuckersiana (Bonnema 1909) [=Ulrichia kuckersiana] BB61
    |    |--P. bonnemai BB61
    |    `--P. tetraceras BB61
    `--Winchellatia Kay 1940 BB61
         |--*W. longispina Kay 1940 BB61
         |--W. lansingensis BB61
         `--W. minnesotensis BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[TM02] Tinn, O., & T. Meidla. 2002. An enigmatic early ?palaeocope ostracode from the Arenig of NW Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 685–690.

Metacopina

Left valve, dorsal view and interior of left valve of Costatia posneri, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.
Contains: Platycopina, Healdiidae, Thlipsuridae.

The Metacopina are a group of ostracods in which the carapace valves ancestrally bear muscle scars arranged as a circular aggregate of many scars (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Hinge distinct, simple to tripartite; muscle scar consisting of secondary scars assembled in a compact group; inner lamella narrow, poorly developed or unknown.

<==Metacopina S61b
    |--+--Platycopina S61b
    |  `--Thlipsuroidea [Healdiacea, Thlipsuracea, Thlipsuridacea] S61b
    |       |  i. s.: Necrateria Gründel 1962 S82
    |       |           `--N. rectagona (Gründel 1962) [=Triplacera (Necrateria) rectagona] S82
    |       |--Healdiidae HM04
    |       |--Thlipsuridae S61b
    |       `--Krausellidae BB61
    |            |--Krausella Ulrich 1894 [incl. Basslerites Teichert 1937 non Howe 1937, Rayella Teichert 1939] BB61
    |            |    `--*K. inaequalis Ulrich 1894 BB61
    |            |--Cooperatia Tolmachoff 1937 [=Cooperia Tolmachoff 1926 non Ransom 1907] BB61
    |            |    `--*C. granum (Tolmachoff 1926) [=*Cooperia granum] BB61
    |            `--Janusella Roth 1929 BB61
    |                 `--*J. biceratina Roth 1929 BB61
    `--Quasillitacea S61b
         |  i. s.: Unicornites Pokorný 1950 BB61
         |           `--*U. homeomorphus Pokorný 1950 BB61
         |--Ropolonellidae BB61
         |    |--Varix [=Varis (l. c.)] M61b
         |    |--Ropolonellus Van Pelt 1933 BB61
         |    |    `--*R. papillatus Van Pelt 1933 BB61
         |    |--Rudderina Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
         |    |    `--*R. extensa Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
         |    |--Varicobairdia Pokorný 1950 BB61
         |    |    `--*V. kettneri (Pokorný 1950) [=Bairdia (*Varicobairdia) kettneri] BB61
         |    `--Plagionephrodes Morey 1935 (n. d.) M61b, BB61
         |         `--*P. uninodosus Morey 1935 BB61
         |--Bufinidae BB61
         |    |--Punctomosea Stover 1956 BB61
         |    |    `--*P. cristata (Swartz & Oriel 1948) [=Thrallella cristata] BB61
         |    |--Aurigerites Roundy 1926 S82
         |    |    |--*A. texanus Roundy 1926 BB61
         |    |    `--A. obernitzensis Gründel 1942 S82
         |    |--Bufina Coryell & Malkin 1936 [incl. Parabufina Smith 1956] BB61
         |    |    |--*B. elata Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
         |    |    `--B. bicornuta (Ulrich 1891) [=Moorea bicornuta] BB61
         |    `--Bythocyproidea Stewart & Hendrix 1945 BB61
         |         |--*B. sanduskyensis Stewart & Hendrix 1945 BB61
         |         `--B. eriensis BB61
         `--Quasillitidae [Graphiodactylidae] S61b
              |--Eriella Stewart & Hendrix 1945 BB61
              |    `--*E. robusta Stewart & Hendrix 1945 BB61
              |--Euglyphella Warthin 1934 BB61
              |    `--*E. sigmoidalis (Jones 1890) [=Strepula sigmoidalis] BB61
              |--Graphiadactylis Roth 1929 BB61 (see below for synonymy)
              |    `--*G. arkansana (Girty 1910) [=Kirkbya lindahli arkansana] BB61
              |--Jenningsina Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
              |    `--*J. catenulata (Van Pelt 1933) [=Graphiodactylus catenulatus] BB61
              |--Scalptina Stover 1956 BB61
              |    `--*S. incuda Stover 1956 BB61
              |--Paragraphylus Coryell & Rozansky 1942 (n. d.) M61b, BB61
              |    `--*P. reticulatus Coryell & Rozansky 1942 BB61
              |--Allostraca Ulrich & Bassler 1932 (n. d.) M61b, BB61
              |    `--*A. fimbriata Ulrich & Bassler 1932 BB61
              |--Quasillites Coryell & Malkin 1936 (see below for synonymy) BB61
              |    |--*Q. obliquus Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
              |    `--‘*Lucasella’ mundula Stewart 1936 (n. d.) BB61
              `--Costatia Polenova 1952 BB61
                   |--*C. posneri Polenova 1952 BB61
                   `--C. cavernosa BB61

Graphiadactylis Roth 1929 BB61 [=Graphiodactyllis (l. c.) M61b, Graphiodactylus Roth 1929 BB61; incl. Bassleria Harlton 1929 BB61]

Quasillites Coryell & Malkin 1936 [incl. Allostracites Přibyl 1953, Burlella Coryell & Booth 1933, Lucasella Stewart 1936, Paracythere Bassler 1932 non Müller 1894, Spinovina Coryell & Malkin 1936] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S61] Scott, H. W. 1961. Classification of Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q74–Q92. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S82] Shi C.-G. 1982. Some early Carboniferous ostracodes from Nylam, Xizang (Tibet). Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 21 (3): 309–314.