Tineidae

Erechthias acontistes, copyright CSIRO.

Belongs within: Ditrysia.
Contains: Tinea.

The Tineidae are a group of small to medium-sized moths that rest with the body flat and the wings tented, and often tend to run when disturbed rather than fly. They are characterised by a more or less vestigial proboscis and antennae with a single row of scales on each segment (Nielsen & Common 1991).

Characters (from Nielsen & Common 1991): Small to medium sized; head usually rough, with hair-scales, or smooth scaled; chaetosemata and ocelli absent; antennae simple filiform, scape usually with pecten; proboscis usually short, long in some genera; maxillary palps five-segmented and folded, or reduced; labial palps drooping, porrect or ascending, second segment usually with lateral bristles; epiphysis usually present, spurs 0-2-4, hind tibiae never smooth scaled; fore wing with chorda and M-stem often present in cell, M frequently forked, Rs to costa or apex; ovipositor usually telescopic. Eggs oval and slightly flattened. Larva sometimes case-bearing, usually feeding on dried animal or vegetable matter, or on fungi, with 0–6 stemmata on each side of head, crochets in uniserial circle or ellipse. Pupa usually with two transverse rows of spines on terga, rarely with one; segments 4–7 movable in male, 4–6 in female; in larval shelter or cocoon.

<==Tineidae
    |--Harmaclona [Harmacloninae] KP19
    |--Nemapogon [Nemapogoninae] NC91
    |    `--N. granella NC91
    |--Setomorphinae D96
    |    |--Setomorpha rutella NC91
    |    |--Lindera tessellatella D96, NC91
    |    `--Prosetomorpha Davis 1996 D96
    |         `--*P. falcata Davis 1996 D96
    |--Scardiinae NC91
    |    |--Tinissa NC91
    |    |--Morophaga clonodes NC91
    |    `--Scardia P01
    |         |--S. australasiella P27b
    |         |--S. boleti P01
    |         |--S. clonodes P27b
    |         `--S. primaeva P27b
    |--Hieroxestinae NC91
    |    |--Hieroxestis P27b
    |    |    |--H. hapsimacha L27
    |    |    `--H. omoscopa P27b
    |    `--Opogona [Oinophilidae] NC91
    |         |--O. comptella C70
    |         |--O. glycyphaga NC91
    |         |--O. micranthes P27b
    |         `--O. omoscopa NC91
    |--Erechthias [Erechthiinae] NC91
    |    |--E. acontistes NC91
    |    |--E. acrodina L27
    |    |--E. charadota L27
    |    |--E. externella M27
    |    |--E. fulguritella L27
    |    |--E. lychnopa Meyrick 1927 M27
    |    |--E. mystacinella NC91
    |    `--E. symmacha C70
    |--Tineinae KP19
    |    |--Tineola bisselliella NC91, WRM02
    |    |--Acridotarsa NC91
    |    |--Tinea GE05
    |    |--Monopis NC91
    |    |    |--M. argillacea NC91
    |    |    |--M. chrysogramma NC91
    |    |    |--M. ethelella P27b
    |    |    `--M. rusticella RD77
    |    `--Niditinea fuscella NC91
    |--Myrmecozelinae NC91
    |    |--Timaea NC91
    |    |--Mimoscopa NC91
    |    |--Gerontha NC91
    |    |--Edosa [Perissomasticinae] NC91
    |    |    `--E. meliphanes NC91
    |    `--Moerarchis NC91
    |         |--M. australasiella ZS10
    |         `--M. clathrata NC91
    `--Anophorinae D01
         |--Ankistrophorus giganteus Druce 1901 D01
         |--Thysanosedes salvini Druce 1901 D01
         |--Felderia D01
         |    |--F. echinon Druce 1901 D01
         |    `--F. garleppi Druce 1901 D01
         `--Anaphora D01
              |--A. arcei Druce 1901 D01
              |--A. numidia Druce 1901 D01
              |--A. perrensi Druce 1901 D01
              |--A. punctata Druce 1901 D01
              `--A. whitelyi Druce 1901 D01

Tineidae incertae sedis:
  Prothinodes grammocosma P27b
  Sagephora phortegella P27b
  Archyala terranea P27b
  Daviscardia GE05
  Amydria GE05
  Trichophaga tapetzella RD77
  Obesoceras abchasicus YS10
  Lysiphragma P27b
    |--L. epixyla P27b
    `--L. howesi L27
  Mallobathra P27a
    |--M. araneosa P27a
    |--M. fragilis Philpott 1927 P27a
    `--M. strigulata P27b
  Achrea grisella M86
  Comodica C74
    |--C. acontistes C70
    `--C. mystacinella C70
  Ardiosteres moretonella C70, B88
  Mesopherna C70
  Monopibaltia ignitella RJ93
  Architinea P92
  Dysmasiites P92
  Electromeessia P92
  Glessocardia P92
  Martynea P92
  Palaeoinfurcitinea P92
  Palaeoscardiites P92
  Palaeotinea P92
  Proscardiites P92
  Pseudocephitinea P92
  Scardiites P92
  Simulotinea P92
  Tillyardinea P92
  Tineites P92
  Tineolamina aurella P92
  Tineosemopsis P92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[C70] Common, I. F. B. 1970. Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 765–866. Melbourne University Press.

[C74] Common, I. F. B. 1974. Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 98–107. Melbourne University Press.

[D96] Davis, D. R. 1996. Neotropical Tineidae, VI: Prosetomorpha falcata, a new genus and species of Setomorphinae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) from Colombia associated with curculionid galleries in stems of Solanum. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 173–187.

[D01] Druce, H. 1901. Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera from east Africa and tropical America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 432–444.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[KP19] Kawahara, A. Y., D. Plotkin, M. Espeland, K. Meusemann, E. F. A. Toussaint, A. Donath, F. Gimnich, P. B. Frandsen, A. Zwick, M. dos Reis, J. R. Barber, R. S. Peters, S. Liu, X. Zhou, C. Mayer, L. Podsiadlowski, C. Storer, J. E. Yack, B. Misof & J. W. Breinholt. 2019. Phylogenomics reveals the evolutionary timing and pattern of butterflies and moths. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 116 (45): 22657–22663.

[L27] Lindsay, S. 1927. A list of the Lepidoptera of Deans Bush, Riccarton, Canterbury. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 693–696.

[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Notes and exhibits. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 164.

[M27] Meyrick, E. 1927. Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 697–702.

[NC91] Nielsen, E. S., & I. F. B. Common. 1991. Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 817–915. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[P01] Pável, J. 1901. Lepkék [Lepidopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 171–177. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[P27a] Philpott, A. 1927a. New Zealand Lepidoptera: notes and descriptions. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 703–709.

[P27b] Philpott, A. 1927b. The maxillae in the Lepidoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 721-746.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WRM02] Wiegmann, B. M., J. C. Regier & C. Mitter. 2002. Combined molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the earliest lepidopteran lineages. Zoologica Scripta 31 (1): 67–81.

[YS10] Yefremova, Z. A., & I. S. Strakhova. 2010. A review of the species of the genus Elasmus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from Russia and neighboring countries. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 89 (3): 634–661.

[ZS10] Zborowski, P., & R. Storey. 2010. A Field Guide to Insects in Australia 3^rd ed. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

Last updated: 3 March 2021.