Pireninae

Ovipositing female of Macroglenes penetrans, from Saskatoon Research Centre.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

The Pireninae are a group of wasps parasitic on midges of the Cecidomyiidae (Bouček 1988). In the case of Macroglenes, the preferred hosts are on grasses, and this genus has been widely introduced as a biological control for cereal pests.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Antenna with at most 12 segments and at most 6 funicular segments. One or both anelli generally very small, microscopic, sometimes retracted into apex of pedicel. Antennae always inserted below centre of face, often very low. Clypeus large, well delimited by depressions, sometimes also a supraclypeal area indicated, tentorial pits never deep. Lower clypeal margin relatively stout and often produced, sometimes with massive teeth. Mandibles typically little curved, usually slightly expanded at apex, with 4 sharp teeth (rarely reduced). Pronotum dorsally mostly rounded, rarely bluntly edged (never with a sharp carina). Notauli arc mostly deep and complete (rarely obliterated in some Gastrancistrus). Frenal line on scutellum often indicated. Propodeum rather weakly sculptured, always lacking plicae, a simple median carina may be developed. Wing venation rather variable.

<==Pireninae [Pireniani, Pirenina, Pirenini, Trydymini] B88
    |--+--Petipirene Bouček 1988 MH11, B88
    |  |    `--*P. eximia Bouček 1988 B88
    |  `--Macroglenes Westwood 1832 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |       |--*M. oculatus B88
    |       |--M. clypeatus (Girault 1925) [=Phocion clypeatus] B88
    |       |--M. congener (Girault 1925) [=Phocion congener] B88
    |       |--M. ipswichi (Girault 1925) [=*Phocion ipswichi, Pirene ipswichi] B88
    |       |--M. penetrans B88
    |       `--‘*Pirene’ varicornis B88
    `--Gastrancistrus Westwood 1833 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
         |--*G. vagans B88
         |--G. albicornis (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
         |--G. albipes (Dodd & Girault in Girault 1915) [=Roptroceropseus albipes] B88
         |--G. amabilis (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Schizonotus amabilis] B88
         |--‘Trydymus’ americensis Girault 1917 G17a
         |--G. arboris (Girault 1922) [=Schizonotus arboris] B88
         |--G. citripes (Girault 1929) [=Roptroceropseus citripes] B88
         |--‘Trydymus’ clavicornis Girault 1917 G17d
         |--G. floricola (Dodd & Girault 1915) [=Isoplata floricola] B88
         |--‘*Isoplata’ geniculata [=*Isoplatella geniculata] B88
         |--G. giraulti (Gahan & Fagan 1923) (see below for synonymy) B88
         |--G. menaetes (Walker 1839) [=Miscogaster menaetes] B88
         |--‘Trydymus’ nigriclavus Girault 1917 G17b
         |--G. nigricyaneus (Girault 1915) [=*Muscideomyia nigricyanea] B88
         |--G. psapho (Walker 1839) [=Miscogaster psapho] B88
         |--G. punctatiscutum (Girault 1922) [=Schizonotus punctatiscutum] B88
         |--G. quadridentatus (Girault 1937) [=Roptroceropseus quadridentatus] B88
         |--G. robertsoni Girault 1915 B88
         |--‘Miscogaster’ sambus Walker 1839 B88
         |--G. unfasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Protanaostigma unfasciatus, *Proplesiostigma unfasciatum] B88
         |--G. unimacula (Girault 1929) [=Parerotolepsia unimacula] B88
         `--‘Glyphe’ viridescens Walsh 1861 GM79

Pireninae incertae sedis:
  Sirovena Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*S. stigma Bouček 1988 B88
  Velepirene Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*V. gressitti Bouček 1988 B88
  Parasyntomocera Girault 1917 G17c
    `--*P. hillmeadia Girault 1917 G17c
  Premiscogaster Girault 1933 B88
    |--*P. australia (Girault 1917) [=Miscogaster australia] B88
    `--P. punctatifascies (Girault 1922) [=Schizonotus punctatifascies, S. punctatifacies] B88
  Amuscidea Girault 1913 [incl. Erotolepsiopus Girault 1915] B88
    |--*A. nigripes Girault 1913 B88
    `--A. subsolana (Girault 1915) [=*Erotolepsiopus subsolanus] B88
  Epiterobia Girault 1914 [incl. Neroptrocerus Girault 1915] B88
    |--*E. reticulatithorax Girault 1914 B88
    |--E. sanguinipes Girault 1938 B88
    `--E. subatra (Girault 1915) [=*Neroptrocerus subater] B88

Nomen nudum: Parerotolepsia aereifemur Girault 1929 B88

Gastrancistrus Westwood 1833 MH11, B88 [incl. Glyphe Walker 1834 B88, Isoplata Girault 1913 non Förster 1856 B88, Isoplatella Gahan & Fagan 1923 B88, Muscideomyia Girault 1915 B88, Parerotolepsia Girault 1915 B88, Proplesiostigma Girault 1915 B88, Roptroceropseus Girault 1913 B88, Tridymus Ratzeburg 1848 B88, Tripedias Förster 1856 B88]

Gastrancistrus albicornis (Girault 1913) [=*Roptroceropseus albicornis; incl. *Parerotolepsia auripes Girault 1915, P. chauceri Girault 1922, Roptroceropseus similiformis Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915] B88

Gastrancistrus giraulti (Gahan & Fagan 1923) [=*Isoplatella giraulti, *Isoplata geniculata Girault 1913 non Förster 1856] B88

Macroglenes Westwood 1832 MH11, B88 [incl. Corynocere Nees 1834 B88, Phocion Girault 1925 B88, Pirene Haliday 1833 B88, Pirenisca Ghesquière 1946 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 112-113).

[G17c] Girault, A. A. 1917c. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. II. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 114-115).

[G17d] Girault, A. A. 1917d. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.