Cosmospora

Cosmospora vilior, photographed by Loengrin Umaña.

Belongs within: Fusarium.

Cosmospora is a genus of fungi found most commonly growing on other fungi and scale insects, occasionally on decaying wood (Rossman et al. 1999).

Characters (from Rossman et al. 1999): Ascomata solitary to densely gregarious, superficial, rarely immersed, non-stromatic or seated on a thin basal stroma, globose, obpyriform to broadly obpyriform, small to medium-sized, usually less than 300 µm diameter, collapsing laterally or not collapsing when dry, orange to red or dark red, rarely pale yellow, usually KOH+ darker, rarely KOH-, smooth to slightly scaly, glabrous or with few to numerous hairs arising from cells of the ascomatal wall surface; papilla of parallel hyphal elements with rounded ends. Cells of the ascomatal wall surface lacking a definite shape, often with a meandering aspect with walls of variable thickness and narrow lumina, adjacent cells joined by fine pores. Ascomatal wall thin, less than 20 µm thick, often translucent, of a single region of intertwined hyphae, rarely of two regions; cells lacking a definite shape or appearing ellipsoid. Asci cylindrical to narrowly clavate, apex simple or with a ring, sessile or short-stalked, 8-spored, ascospores generally uniseriate. Ascospores ellipsoid to ellipsoid-fusiform, rarely ovoid or cylindric, 1(–3)-septate, usually yellow-brown, also hyaline, usually spinulose to tuberculate, rarely striate or smooth. Anamorphs, where known, Acremonium-like, with colonies and microconidia similar to those of Fusarium sect. Eupionnotes, Chaetopsina, Cylindrocladiella, Stilbella, and Volutella.

Cosmospora Rabenhorst 1862 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--*C. coccinea Rabenhorst 1862 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. biasolettiana (Briosi & Farneti) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. camelliae (Shipton) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetopsinae-catenulatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetospinae-penicillatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chaetopsinae-polyblastiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. chlorina (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--anam. Fusarium ciliatum Link 1825 RS99
    |--C. consors (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. digitalicola (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. diminuta (Berkeley) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. dingleyae Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |--C. diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. flammea (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. flavoviridis (Fuckel) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--anam. Chaetopsina fulva Rambelli 1956 RS99
    |--C. ganymede (Lowen & Minter) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. geastroides (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. glabra (Rossman) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria glabra Rossman 1983] RS99
    |--C. joca (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria joca Samuels 1991] RS99
    |--C. jucundula (Saccardo & Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. kurdica (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. lasiodiplodiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. macrochaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. magnusiana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. meliopsicola (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--anam. Fusarium merismoides Corda 1838 RS99
    |--C. metepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. nothepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. obscura Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 RS99
    |--C. papilionacearum (Seaver) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. peponum (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. pseudepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. pseudoflavoviridis (Lowen & Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. purtonii (Greville) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. rickii (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria rickii Rehm 1904] RS99
    |--C. rishbethii (Booth) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria rishbethii Booth 1959] RS99
    |--C. rubrisetosa (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. sansevieriae (Bat., Bezerra & Almeida) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. stilbellae (Samuels & Seifert) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. stilbosporae (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. thujana (Saccardo) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectriella thujana Rehm ex Saccardo 1878] RS99
    |--C. triqua (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria triqua Samuels 1991] RS99
    |--C. tungurahuana (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. vilior (Starbäck) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. viliuscula (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--C. wegeliniana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    `--C. xanthostroma (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 (see below for synonymy) RS99

Cosmospora Rabenhorst 1862 [=Nectria subg. Cosmospora (Rabenhorst) Saccardo 1883; incl. Chrysogluten Briosi & Farneti 1904, Nectria subg. Dialonectria Saccardo 1883, Dialonectria (Saccardo) Cooke 1884, Stylonectria von Höhnel 1915] RS99

Cosmospora aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria aurantiicola Berkeley & Broome 1873, Corallomyces aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) von Höhnel 1912 (nom. inv.), Sphaerostilbe aurantiicola (Berkeley & Broome) Petch 1920; incl. Microcera aurantiicola Petch 1921; anam. Fusarium larvarum Fuckel 1870] RS99

Cosmospora biasolettiana (Briosi & Farneti) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=*Chrysogluten biasolettianum Briosi & Farneti 1904; anam. Fusarium biasolettianum Corda 1838] RS99

Cosmospora camelliae (Shipton) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Calonectria camelliae Shipton 1979; anam. Cylindrocladiella infestans Boesewinkel 1982] RS99

Cosmospora chaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chaetopsinae-catenulatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae-catenulatae Samuels 1985; anam. Chaetopsina catenulata Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chaetospinae-penicillatae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae-penicillatae Samuels 1985; anam. Chaetopsina penicillata Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chaetopsinae-polyblastiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chaetopsinae-polyblastiae Samuels 1985; anam. Chaetopsina polyblastia Samuels 1985] RS99

Cosmospora chlorina (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria chlorina Crouan & Crouan 1867, Nectriella chlorina (Crouan & Crouan) Saccardo 1878] RS99

*Cosmospora coccinea Rabenhorst 1862 [incl. Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not. 1863, Dialonectria cosmariospora (Ces. & De Not.) Moravec 1954; anam. Verticillium olivaceum Gams 1971] RS99

Cosmospora consors (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Dialonectria consors Ellis & Everh. 1888, Nectria consors (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1909, Nectriella consors (Ellis & Everh.) Saccardo 1891; incl. Nectria ignia von Höhnel 1909; anam. Volutella minima von Höhnel 1909] RS99

Cosmospora digitalicola (Crouan & Crouan) Lowen in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria digitalicola Crouan & Crouan 1867, Nectriella digitalicola (Crouan & Crouan) Saccardo 1878] RS99

Cosmospora diminuta (Berkeley) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria diploa var. diminuta Berkeley 1875, Nectria diminuta (Berkeley) Saccardo 1883; incl. Dialonectria gigaspora Cooke & Massee in Cooke 1888, Nectriella gigaspora (Cooke & Massee) Saccardo 1891, Pseudonectria gigaspora (Cooke & Massee) Petch 1920] RS99

Cosmospora diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria diploa Berkeley & Curtis 1869, Calonectria diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Wollenw. 1926, Creonectria diploa (Berkeley & Curtis) Seaver 1909; incl. Nectria coccophila Nomura 1901; anam. Fusarium coccidicola Henn. 1904 incl. Aschersonia henningsii Koorders 1907, Pseudomicrocera henningsii (Koorders) Petch 1921, Fusarium juruanum Henn. 1904] RS99

Cosmospora episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaeria episphaeria Tode 1791: Fries 1823, *Dialonectria episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Cooke 1884, Nectria episphaeria (Tode: Fries) Fries 1849; anam. Fusarium aquaeductuum var. medium Wollenw. 1931] RS99

Cosmospora flammea (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaerostilbe flammea Tulasne & Tulasne 1865, Nectria flammea (Tulasne & Tulasne) Dingley 1951; incl. N. aglaothele Berkeley & Curtis 1875, Corallomyces brachysporus Penzig & Saccardo 1901 (nom. inv.), N. laeticolor Berkeley & Curtis 1868, Cor. laeticolor (Berkeley & Curtis) von Höhnel 1912 (nom. inv.), N. passeriniana Cooke 1884, N. subcoccinea Saccardo & Ellis 1881; anam. Fusarium coccophilum (Desmazières) Wollenw. & Reink. 1935] RS99

Cosmospora flavoviridis (Fuckel) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaerostilbe flavoviridis Fuckel 1870; anam. Fusarium melanochlorum (Caspary) Saccardo 1886 = Fusisporium melanochlorum Caspary 1855] RS99

Cosmospora ganymede (Lowen & Minter) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria ganymede Lowen & Minter 1987] RS99

Cosmospora geastroides (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria geastroides Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora jucundula (Saccardo & Spegazzini) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectriella jucundula Saccardo & Spegazzini 1878] RS99

Cosmospora kurdica (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Calonectria kurdica Petrak 1959, Nectria kurdica (Petrak) Rossman 1983; anam. Fusarium kurdicum Petrak 1959 incl. Stagonopsis sclerotioides von Höhnel 1905, Botryocrea sclerotioides (von Höhnel) Petrak 1949, Fusarium sclerotioides (von Höhnel) Samuels & Rossman 1991 non Sherb. 1951] RS99

Cosmospora lasiodiplodiae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria lasiodiplodiae Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria leptosphaeriae Nießl 1886, Hypomyces leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Wollenw. 1917, Lasionectria leptosphaeriae (Nießl) Petch 1938; incl. Nectria leptosphaeriae var. macrospora Wollenw. 1926; anam. Fusarium sphaeriae Fuckel 1870] RS99

Cosmospora macrochaetopsinae (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria macrochaetopsinae Samuels in Samuels, Doi & Rogerson 1990] RS99

Cosmospora magnusiana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria magnusiana Rehm 1878; anam. Fusarium epistromum (von Höhnel) Booth 1971 = Dendrodochium epistromum von Höhnel 1909] RS99

Cosmospora meliopsicola (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria meliopsicola Henn. in Engler 1895] RS99

Cosmospora metepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria metepisphaeria Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora nothepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria nothepisphaeria Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora papilionacearum (Seaver) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria papilionacearum Seaver 1909] RS99

Cosmospora peponum (Berkeley & Curtis) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria peponum Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley 1875; incl. N. peponum var. aurelia Berkeley 1874, N. brassicae Ellis & Saccardo in Saccardo 1881, Dialonectria brassicae (Ellis & Saccardo) Cooke 1884] RS99

Cosmospora pseudepisphaeria (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pseudepisphaeria Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora pseudoflavoviridis (Lowen & Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria pseudoflavoviridis Lowen & Samuels 1991] RS99

Cosmospora purtonii (Greville) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Sphaeria purtonii Greville 1828, Cucurbitaria purtonii (Greville) Kuntze 1898, Nectria purtonii (Greville) Berkeley 1860; incl. N. applanata Fuckel 1871, Dialonectria applanata (Fuckel) Petch 1941, *Stylonectria applanata, N. episphaeria var. coronata Wollenw. 1931, N. microspora Cooke & Ellis 1876, N. moschata Gluck 1895; anam. Fusarium aquaeductuum (Radlk. & Rabenhorst) Lagerheim 1891 var. aquaeductuum = Selenosporium aquaeductuum Radlk. & Rabenhorst 1873] RS99

Cosmospora rubrisetosa (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria rubrisetosa Samuels in Samuels, Doi & Rogerson 1990, Dialonectria episphaeria var. verruculosa Cooke 1884 non Nectria verruculosa (Nießl) Penzig 1882] RS99

Cosmospora sansevieriae (Bat., Bezerra & Almeida) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Macbridella sansevieriae Bat., Bezerra & Almeida 1964, Nectria sansevieriae (Bat., Bezerra & Almeida) Samuels 1973] RS99

Cosmospora stilbellae (Samuels & Seifert) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria stilbellae Samuels & Seifert 1991; anam. Stilbella aciculosa (Ellis & Everh.) Seifert 1985 = Stilbum aciculosum Ellis & Everh. 1885, Botryonipha aciculosa (Ellis & Everh.) Kuntze 1891; incl. Stilbella bulbicola Henn. 1905, Stilbum bulbicola (Henn.) Litv. 1967, Stilbum citrinellum Cooke & Massee 1887, Stilbella flavescens Estey 1977, Stilbum pallidulum Penzig & Saccardo 1901] RS99

Cosmospora stilbosporae (Tulasne & Tulasne) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria stilbosporae Tulasne & Tulasne 1865; anam. Fusarium expansum Schlechtendal 1824] RS99

Cosmospora tungurahuana (Petrak) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria tungurahuana Petrak 1948] RS99

Cosmospora vilior (Starbäck) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria vilior Starbäck 1899; incl. N. episphaeria var. kretzschmariae Henn. 1891, N. kretzschmariae (Henn.) Weese 1916, N. stigme Rehm 1904, N. ustulinae Teng 1934, N. viridescens Booth 1959; anam. Acremonium berkeleyanum (Karsten) Gams 1982 = Verticillium berkeleyanum Karsten 1891; incl. Tilachlidium butyri van Beyma 1938, Acremonium butyri (van Beyma) Gams 1971] RS99

Cosmospora viliuscula (Samuels) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria viliuscula Samuels in Samuels, Doi & Rogerson 1990] RS99

Cosmospora wegeliniana (Rehm) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria episphaeria var. wegeliniana Rehm 1891, Dialonectria wegeliana (Rehm) Petch 1983] RS99

Cosmospora xanthostroma (Penzig & Saccardo) Rossman & Samuels in Rossman, Samuels et al. 1999 [=Nectria xanthostroma Penzig & Saccardo 1897] RS99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.