Tortricidae

Bactra noteraula, from Landcare Research.

Belongs within: Apoditrysia.
Contains: Archipini, Tortrix, Eucosmini, Olethreutini, Grapholitini.

The Tortricidae are a group of small to medium moths including the leafrollers and related species. Larvae may feed in plant detritus or as borers in living plants. Adult tortricids are usually a mottled or marbled brown (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). Members of the subfamily Tortricinae bear two annuli of scales per antennal segment whereas Olethreutinae bear only a single annulus per segment. The Chlidanotinae are a primarily tropical group lacking the costal fold and with characteristic valvae and hair-pencils arising on segment 8 (Nielsen & Common 1991).

Characters (from Nielsen & Common 1991): Small; head vestiture usually short, rough, frons in upper half with usually long scales directed forwards, with short upwardly directed scales in lower half; ocelli usually present; chaetosemata present; antenna usually filiform; proboscis naked; maxillary palps small, four- to one-segmented; labial palps short to long, usually porrect, rarely upturned; epiphysis present; spurs 0-2-4; hind tibiae sometimes with modified scales; fore wing often with costal fold in male, retinaculum on Sc in male, pterostigma normally absent, chorda and M-stem sometimes present in cell, CuP usually present at least distally, 1A+2A with prominent fork; hind wing broad, often with cubital pecten at base of CuA, female frenulum of three bristles, CuP usually present distally; abdomen unspined dorsally, S2 apodemes tortricoid, segment 8 in males sometimes with coremata, segment 7 in female sometimes with dense, deciduous scaling (corethrogyne). Eggs usually flat, scale-like, laid singly, in small groups, or in imbricate masses, sometimes covered with corethrogyne scales. Larva with prothoracic shield and pinacula often sclerotised, crochets uni-, bi- or triordinal in complete circle, an anal fork with straight prongs often present above anus; prothoracic L group trisetose, LI and L2 adjacent on abdominal segments 1–8, often on same pinaculum; joining leaves or shoots, rarely leaf-mining (usually in early instars), or tunnelling in flower spikes, fruits, stems or galls. Pupa with two transverse rows of dorsal spines usually present on abdominal segments 3–7, head often with spine, posterior end usually with warts or with cremaster and hooked setae; in larval shelter, protruded at ecdysis.

Tortricidae [Tortricoidea]
    |--Chlidanotinae [Chlidanotidae] NC91
    |    |--Polyorthini NC91
    |    |--Hilarographini NC91
    |    `--Trymalitis [Chlidanotini] NC91
    |         `--T. optima NC91
    |--Tortricinae NC91
    |    |  i. s.: Palaeotoma styphelana C70
    |    |         Anisogona simana C70
    |    |         Acropolitis rudisana C70
    |    |--Archipini NC91
    |    |--Phricanthes [Phricanthini] NC91
    |    |    `--P. asperana NC91
    |    |--Cochylini [Cochylidae, Phaloniidae] NC91
    |    |    |--Clysiana acrographa C70
    |    |    `--Heliocosma incongruana C70
    |    |--Proselena [Schoenotenini] NC91
    |    |    |--P. annosana NC91
    |    |    `--P. antiquana P27
    |    |--Epitymbia [Epitymbiini] NC91
    |    |    |--E. cosmota NC91
    |    |    `--E. eudrosa ZS10
    |    `--Tortricini NC91
    |         |--Tortrix M27
    |         `--Eboda exeristis NC91
    `--Olethreutinae [Eucosmidae, Olethreutidae] KN03
         |  i. s.: Piniphila Z02
         |         Argyroploce P27
         |           |--A. illepida P27
         |           `--A. ineptana F92
         |         Spilonota P27
         |           |--S. dolopaea L27
         |           |--S. infensa C70
         |           |--S. lariciana F92
         |           `--S. macropetana P27
         |         Acroclita erythrana C70
         |         Phaecasiophora niveiguttana KP19
         |--Eucosmini NC91
         |--Olethreutini NC91
         |--Grapholitini NC91
         |--Gatesclarkeana [Gatesclarkeanini] NC91
         |    `--G. tenebrosa NC91
         |--Cryptaspasma [Microcorsini] NC91
         |    `--C. sordida NC91
         `--Bactra [Bactrini] NC91
              |--B. ablabes C70
              `--B. noteraula P27

Tortricidae incertae sedis:
  Pandemis MC02
    |--P. corylana V09
    |--P. heparana F92
    |--P. pyrusana MC02
    `--P. ribeana F92
  Tortricites skalskii Z02
  Capua M83
    |--C. intractana P27
    |--C. plagiatana L27
    |--C. reticulana F92
    `--C. semiferana M83
  Sperchia intractana M83
  Cacoecia A71
    |--C. australana P27
    |--C. costana F92
    |--C. murinana F92
    |--C. podana F92
    |--C. polygraphana P27
    |--C. pronubana F92
    |--C. rosana A71
    |--C. selten F92
    `--C. xylosteana F92
  Cnephasia J-PWM04
    |--C. incessana L27
    |--C. jactatana J-PWM04
    |--C. latomana M27
    |--C. melanophaea Meyrick 1927 M27
    `--C. rupicolana P27
  Ctenopseustis obliquana WFS04
  Choristoneura MC02
    |--C. fumiferana MC02
    |--C. murinana F92
    `--C. rosaceana MC02
  Thaumatotibia KN03
  Lasiognatha leveri KN03
  Procalyptis parooptera KN03
  Centroxena KN03
  Catamacta M27
    |--C. calligypsa M27
    |--C. gavisana P27
    `--C. lotinana L27
  Epichorista M27
    |--E. emphanes P27
    |--E. siriana M27
    `--E. triorthota Meyrick 1927 M27
  Harmologa M27
    |--H. amplexana P27
    `--H. columella Meyrick 1927 M27
  Gelophaula siraea P27
  Epalxiphora axenana P27
  Pyrgotis pyramidias P27
  Scolioplecta comptana P27
  Argyrotaenia GE05
  Peraglyphis AY04
  Syllomatia AY04
  Ericodesma AY04
  Agapeta V09
    |--A. hamana [=Exuanthis hamana] V09
    `--A. zoegana CLB99
  Ophiorrhabda phaeosigma ZS10
  Zeiraphera G84
    |--Z. diniana G84
    `--Z. griseana F92
  Rhyacionia V09
    |--R. pinicolana V09
    `--R. zonana G05
  Proeulia Clarke 1962 C62
    |--*P. robinsoni (Aurivillius in Skottsberg 1922) [=Eulia robinsoni] C62
    `--P. griseiceps (Aurivillius in Skottsberg 1922) [=Eulia griseiceps] C62
  Eulia pinitubana C62, G17
  Ecdytolopha G10
  Tanychaeta NC91
  Petrova resinella BJ02
  Isochorista cosmota Meyrick 1887 M87
  Loxotaenia xylosteana G38
  Ancylis G05
    |--A. comptana G05
    `--A. mitterbacheriana F92
  Electresia zalesskii RJ93
  Atteria D01
    |--A. buckleyi Druce 1901 D01
    |--A. lydia Druce 1901 D01
    |--A. maon Druce 1901 D01
    |--A. mimica D01
    |--A. splendens Druce 1901 D01
    `--A. volcanica D01
  Sparganothis pilleriana HW96
  Acleris ferrugana RD77, F92
  Evetria RD77
    |--E. buoliana F92
    |--E. resinilla F92
    `--E. taxifoliella G17
  Spatalistiforma P92
  Tortricibaltia P92
  Tortricidrosis P92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

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[J-PWM04] Jiménez-Pérez, A., Q. Wang & N. Markwick. 2004. Intrinsic rate of increase in ‘Cnephasia’ jactatana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of kiwifruit. New Zealand Entomologist 27: 109–112.

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[KN03] Komai, F., & Y. Nasu. 2003. Four species of Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) associated with viviparous seedlings of the mangrove Rhizophoraceae in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Invertebrate Systematics 17: 75–87.

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Last updated: 2 March 2021.