Nectria

Coral spot fungus Nectria cinnabarina, photographed by Michael Wood.

Belongs within: Hypocreales.

Nectria is a diverse genus of fungi producing uniloculate ascomata not immersed in stroma or substratum, found on decaying wood or leaves (Rossman et al. 1999).

Characters (from Rossman et al. 1999): Stroma well-developed, pseudoparenchymatous. Ascomata superficial, generally aggregated on a stroma. Ascomata subglobose, globose to ellipsoid, collapsing cupulate, red to dark red, KOH+ purple, ostiolate, with relatively thick walls, more than 25 µm, often with warted outer region of thick-walled cells. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores broadly ellipsoid to long-fusiform, non-, 1- to multiseptate or muriform, hyaline to yellow-brown, smooth to striate. Anamorph Tubercularia and related pycnidial and synnematal species.

Nectria (Fries) Fries 1849 (nom. cons.) (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--*N. cinnabarina (Tode: Fries) Fries 1849 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. antarctica (Spegazzini) Rossman 1989 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. aquifolii (Fries) Berkeley 1860 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. aurantiaca (Tulasne & Tulasne) Jacz. 1913 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. aurigera Berkeley & Rav. 1875 [=Calonectria aurigera (Berkeley & Rav.) Saccardo 1878] RS99
    |--N. australiensis Seifert 1985 [anam. Tubercularia australiensis Seifert 1985] RS99
    |--N. austroamericana (Spegazzini) Rossman 1989 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. balsamea Cooke & Peck in Cooke 1884 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. berolinensis (Saccardo) Cooke 1884 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. canadensis Ellis & Everh. 1884 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. chlorinella Cooke 1883 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. coryli Fuckel 1865 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. cucurbitula (Tode: Fries) Fries 1849 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. guarapiensis Spegazzini 1885 RS99
    |--N. jungneri RS99
    |--N. lamyi (Desmazières) De Not. 1863 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. lateritia (Karsten) Rossman 1983 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. lonicerae (Seeler) Rossman 1989 [=Thyronectria lonicerae Seeler 1940] RS99
    |--N. miltina (Montagne) Montagne 1856 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. missouriensis Ellis & Everh. 1888 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. neorehmiana Rossman 1983 RS99
    |--N. novaezelandiae (Dingley) Rossman 1983 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. plagianthi AO03
    |--N. pseudocinnabarina Rossman 1989 RS99
    |--N. pseudotrichia Berkeley & Curtis 1853 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. pulcherrima Berkeley & Broome 1873 [=Calonectria pulcherrima (Berkeley & Broome) Saccardo 1878] RS99
    |--N. pyrrhochlora Auersw. in Rabenhorst 1869 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--N. radicicola [anam. Cylindrocarpon destructans] RS99
    |--N. rehmiana (Kirschst.) Rossman 1983 [=Calonectria rehmiana Kirschst. 1907] RS99
    |--N. sinopica (Fries: Fries) Fries 1849 (see below for synonymy) RS99
    |--‘Chilonectria’ sulphurella RS99
    |--‘Stilbonectria’ tonquinensis Patouillard 1897 RS99
    `--N. xanthoxyli (Peck) Rossman 1989 (see below for synonymy) RS99

Nectria (Fries) Fries 1849 (nom. cons.) [=Hypocrea sect. Nectria Fries 1825; incl. Allantonectria Earle in Greene 1901, Nectria subg. Aponectria Saccardo 1878, Aponectria (Saccardo) Saccardo 1883, Chilonectria Saccardo 1878, Creonectria Seaver 1909, Ephedrosphaera Dumortier 1822, Megalonectria Spegazzini 1881, Pleonectria Saccardo 1876, Scoleconectria Seaver 1909, Sphaerostilbe Tulasne & Tulasne 1861, Stilbonectria Karsten 1889; anam. Tubercularia] RS99

Nectria antarctica (Spegazzini) Rossman 1989 [=Pleonectria antarctica Spegazzini 1887, Thyronectria antarctica (Spegazzini) Seeler 1940; incl. P. vagans Spegazzini 1887] RS99

Nectria aquifolii (Fries) Berkeley 1860 [=Sphaeria aquifolii Fries 1828; incl. N. aquifolii var. appendiculata Feltgen 1903, N. inaurata Berkeley & Broome 1854, *Aponectria inaurata (Berkeley & Broome) Saccardo 1878] RS99

Nectria aurantiaca (Tulasne & Tulasne) Jacz. 1913 [=*Sphaerostilbe aurantiaca Tulasne & Tulasne 1861; anam. Tubercularia aurantiaca (Babington) Seifert 1985 = Stilbum aurantiacum Babington in Berkeley & Broome 1841, Botryonipha aurantiaca (Babington) Kuntze 1891, Stilbella aurantiaca (Babington) Lindau 1910; incl. Dendrostilbella moravica Petrak 1924, Ditiola tubercularioides, Cilicipodium tubercularioides (Lib.) Saccardo 1881] RS99

Nectria austroamericana (Spegazzini) Rossman 1989 [=Pleonectria austroamericana Spegazzini 1880, Thyronectria austroamericana (Spegazzini) Seeler 1940; incl. Chilonectria crinigera Ellis & Everh. 1891, Pleonectria denigrata Winter 1883, Thyronectria denigrata (Winter) Seaver 1909, P. guaranitica Spegazzini 1885, P. nigropapillata Starbäck 1904, Nectria sphaerospora Ellis & Everh. in Bessey & Weber 1890, Chilonectria sphaerospora, Thyronectria sphaerospora (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1909; anam. Gyrostroma austroamericanum Seeler 1940] RS99

Nectria balsamea Cooke & Peck in Cooke 1884 [=Calonectria balsamea (Cooke & Peck) Saccardo 1891, Pleonectria balsamea (Cooke & Peck) Vassilyeva 1998, Scoleconectria balsamea (Cooke & Peck) Seaver 1909, Thyronectria balsamea (Cooke & Peck) Seeler 1940; incl. Pleonectria calonectrioides Wollenw. 1931, Ophionectria cylindrospora var. tetraspora Weese 1914, P. pinicola Kirschst. 1906] RS99

Nectria berolinensis (Saccardo) Cooke 1884 [=Pleonectria berolinensis Saccardo 1878, Thyronectria berolinensis (Saccardo) Seaver 1909; incl. Nectria fenestrata Berkeley & Curtis in Cooke 1884, Pleonectria fenestrata (Berkeley & Curtis) Berlese & Voglino 1886, N. ribis Nießl 1865, Pleonectria ribis; anam. Tubercularia berolinensis (Wollenw.) Rossman 1989 = Dendrodochium berolinense Wollenw. 1931] RS99

Nectria canadensis Ellis & Everh. 1884 [=Calonectria canadensis (Ellis & Everh.) Berlese & Voglino 1886, Scoleconectria canadensis (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1909; anam. Tubercularia grayana (Saccardo & Ellis) Seifert 1985 = Cilicipodium grayanum Saccardo & Ellis 1882; incl. Dendrostilbella ulmi Dearness 1924] RS99

Nectria chlorinella Cooke 1883 [=Calonectria chlorinella (Cooke) Saccardo 1883, Thyronectria chlorinella (Cooke) Seeler 1940] RS99

*Nectria cinnabarina (Tode: Fries) Fries 1849 [=Sphaeria cinnabarina Tode 1791: Fries 1823, Cucurbitaria cinnabarina (Tode: Fries) Greville 1825; incl. S. celastri Schweinitz: Fries in Fries 1827, S. decolorans Persoon 1801: Fries 1823, *Ephedrosphaera decolorans, S. dematiosa Schweinitz 1832, Nectria fuscopurpurea Wakefield 1918, N. meliae Earle 1898, N. nigrescens Cooke 1878, N. offuscata Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley 1875, Tremella purpurea Linnaeus 1753, *Creonectria purpurea (Linnaeus) Seaver 1909, Nectria purpurea (Linnaeus) Wilson & Seaver 1907, N. russellii Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley 1875, N. sambuci Ellis & Everh. 1891, Sphaeria tremelloides Weigel 1772; anam. Tubercularia vulgaris Tode 1790: Fries 1832 = Knyaria vulgaris (Tode: Fries) Kuntze 1891; incl. Tu. aesculi Opiz in Corda 1837, K. aesculi (Opiz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. ailanthi Cooke 1883, Tu. aquifolii Cooke & Massee 1887, Tu. berberidis Thüm. 1877, Knyaria berberidis (Thüm.) Kuntze 1891, Tu. brassicae, K. brassicae (Libert) Kuntze 1891, Tu. calycanthi Schweinitz 1831, K. calycanthi (Schweinitz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. calycanthi Passer. 1891 non Schweinitz 1831, Tu. celastri Schweinitz 1831, Knyaria celastri (Schweinitz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. confluens Persoon 1801, K. confluens (Persoon) Kuntze 1891, Tu. conorum Cooke & Massee 1887, Tu. coryli Paol. 1887, Tu. discoidea Persoon 1796, Tu. evonymi Roum. 1879, Knyaria evonymi (Roum.) Kuntze 1891, Tu. filicis Lasch in Klotzsch 1854, K. filicis (Lasch) Kuntze 1891, Tu. granulata Persoon 1801: Fries 1832, Tu. gyrosa Opiz 1852 (n. n.), Knyaria gyrosa (Opiz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. hamata Ellis & Everhart 1894, Tu. hysterina Corda 1837, Knyaria hysterina (Corda) Kuntze 1891, Tu. laburni Opiz 1852 (n. n.), K. laburni (Opiz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. miniata Earle in Greene 1901, Tu. minor Link 1825, Knyaria minor (Link) Kuntze 1891, Tu. mutabilis Nees in Link 1825, K. mutabilis (Nees) Kuntze 1891, Tu. pteleae Oudem. 1903, Tu. radicalis Schweinitz 1831, Knyaria radicalis (Schweinitz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. rhamni Paol. 1887, Tu. sambuci Corda 1837, Knyaria sambuci (Corda) Kuntze 1891, Tu. sarmentorum Fries 1815, K. sarmentorum (Fries) Kuntze 1891, Tu. subdiaphana Schweinitz 1831, K. subdiaphana (Schweinitz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. subpedicellata Schweinitz 1831, K. subpedicellata (Schweinitz) Kuntze 1891, Tu. vaginata Corda 1837, K. vaginata (Corda) Kuntze 1891] RS99

Nectria coryli Fuckel 1865 [=Chilonectria coryli (Fuckel) Ellis & Everh. 1892, Creonectria coryli (Fuckel) Seaver 1909; incl. Coelosphaeria acervata Karsten 1879, Nectria coryli f. salicis Rehm 1882] RS99

Nectria cucurbitula (Tode: Fries) Fries 1849 [=Sphaeria cucurbitula Tode 1791: Fries 1823, *Chilonectria cucurbitula, Scoleconectria cucurbitula (Tode: Fries) Booth 1959; incl. Nectria cylindrospora Sollm. 1864, Ophionectria cylindrospora (Sollm.) Berlese & Voglino 1886, Nectria rosellinii, Chilonectria rosellinii (Carestia) Saccardo 1878, O. scolecospora Brefeld & Tavel in Brefeld 1891, *Sc. scolecospora (Brefeld & Tavel) Seaver 1909; anam. Zythiostroma pinastri (Karsten) von Höhnel ex Weese 1931 = Zythia pinastri Karsten 1885] RS99

Nectria lamyi (Desmazières) De Not. 1863 [=Sphaeria lamyi Desmazières 1836, *Pleonectria lamyi (Desmazières) Saccardo 1876, Thyronectria lamyi (Desmazières) Seeler 1940] RS99

Nectria lateritia (Karsten) Rossman 1983 [=*Stilbonectria lateritia Karsten 1889; incl. Calonectria erythrina Sydow & Sydow 1912, Nectria erythrina (Sydow & Sydow) Rossman 1979] RS99

Nectria miltina (Montagne) Montagne 1856 [=Sphaeria miltina Montagne in Durieu 1849, Allantonectria miltina (Montagne) Weese in von Höhnel 1910, Nectriella miltina (Montagne) Saccardo 1878; incl. Nectriella bacillispora Traverso & Spessa 1910, *Allantonectria yuccae Earle in Greene 1901] RS99

Nectria missouriensis Ellis & Everh. 1888 [=Paranectria missouriensis (Ellis & Everh.) Rabenhorst 1891, Pleonectria missouriensis (Ellis & Everh.) Saccardo 1891, Thyronectria missouriensis (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1909; anam. Gyrostroma missouriense Seeler 1940] RS99

Nectria novaezelandiae (Dingley) Rossman 1983 [=Calonectria novae-zelandiae Dingley 1952, N. novaezealandica (l. c.)] RS99

Nectria pseudotrichia Berkeley & Curtis 1853 [=Calonectria pseudotrichia (Berkeley & Curtis) Saccardo 1878, *Megalonectria pseudotrichia (Berkeley & Curtis) Spegazzini 1881, Pleonectria pseudotrichia (Berkeley & Curtis) Seeler 1940, Sphaerostilbe pseudotrichia (Berkeley & Curtis) Berkeley & Broome 1875, Thyronectria pseudotrichia (Berkeley & Curtis) Seeler 1940; incl. Megalonectria polytrichia var. australiensis Henn. 1903, M. caespitosa Spegazzini 1889, Pleonectria caespitosa (Spegazzini) Wollenw. 1926, Sphaerostilbe cinnabarina Tulasne & Tulasne 1861, P. heveana Saccardo 1918, Sp. incerta Ces. 1879, Sp. lateritia Berkeley & Curtis 1869, Megalonectria madagascariensis Henn. in Voeltzkow 1908, Pleonectria megalospora Spegazzini 1881, Sphaerostilbe nigrescens Kalchbrenner & Cooke 1880, Megalonectria nigrescens (Kalchbrenner & Cooke) Saccardo 1883, Nectria polythalama Berkeley 1855, Pleonectria riograndensis Theissen 1910, Megalonectria verrucosa Möller 1901, M. yerbae Spegazzini 1908; anam. Tubercularia lateritia (Berkeley) Seifert 1985 = Stilbum lateritium Berkeley 1843, Botryonipha lateritia (Berkeley) Kuntze 1891, Stilbella lateritia (Berkeley) Bresadola 1911; incl. Crinula aurantiocinnabarina Spegazzini 1880, Botryonipha aurantiocinnabarina (Spegazzini) Kuntze 1891, Calocera aurantiocinnabarina (Spegazzini) Saccardo 1888, Stilbum aurantiocinnabarinum (Spegazzini) Spegazzini 1882, Dendrostilbella bonarii Morris 1966, Stilbum caespitosum Welw. & Curr. 1867, Ciliciopodium caespitosum (Welw. & Curr.) Saccardo 1886, Ci. caespitosum Spegazzini 1922 non (Welw. & Curr.) Saccardo 1886, Stilbum camerunense Henn. 1895, Ci. costaricense Spegazzini 1919, Stilbum fructigenum Penzig & Saccardo 1901, Stilbum aurantiocinnabarinum var. fuscipes Spegazzini 1882, Stilbum fuscocinnabarinum Spegazzini 1889, Stilbella heveae Zimm. in Henn. 1902, Stilbum heveae (Zimm.) Saccardo & Saccardo 1906, Stilbum inconspicuum Curr. 1874, Stilbum kurzianum Cooke 1888, Stilbum javanicum Henn. 1893, Stilbum kalchbrenneri Saccardo 1886, Stilbum minutulum Penzig & Saccardo 1902, Stilbum nanum Massee 1898 non (Ehrenb.) Sprengel 1827, Stilbum physaroides Spegazzini 1889 non Kalchbrenner 1882, Stilbum spegazzinianum Saccardo 1892, Stilbum proliferum Marchal 1894, Sphaerostilbe rosea Kalchbrenner 1880, Stilbella rosea (Kalchbrenner) Weese 1919, Stilbella rubescens Sydow 1901, Stilbum rubescens (Sydow) Saccardo 1901, Polycephalum subaurantiacum Peck 1912, Stilbella theae Bernard 1907, Stilbum theae (Bernard) Saccardo & Trotter 1913] RS99

Nectria pyrrhochlora Auersw. in Rabenhorst 1869 [=Calonectria pyrrhochlora (Auersw.) Saccardo 1878, Pleonectria pyrrhochlora (Auersw.) Winter 1884, Thyronectria pyrrhochlora (Auersw.) Saccardo 1878] RS99

Nectria sinopica (Fries: Fries) Fries 1849 [=Sphaeria sinopica Fries: Fries 1828; anam. Zythiostroma mougeotii (Fries: Fries) von Höhnel 1931 = Sphaeria mougeotii Fries: Fries 1828, Sphaeronamella mougeotii (Fries: Fries) Saccardo 1884, Zythia mougeotii (Fries: Fries) Jacz. 1898; incl. Sphaeronaema hederae Fuckel 1863] RS99

Nectria xanthoxyli (Peck) Rossman 1989 [=Valsa xanthoxyli Peck 1879, Fenestella xanthoxyli (Peck) Saccardo 1883, Pseudovalsa xanthoxyli (Peck) Saccardo 1883, Thyronectria xanthoxyli (Peck) Ellis & Everh. 1892; incl. Valsonectria virens Harkn. in Ellis & Everh. 1886, Thyronectria virens (Harkn.) Harkn. in Ellis & Everh. 1892] RS99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AO03] Aoki, T., K. O’Donnell, Y. Homma & A. R. Lattanzi. 2003. Sudden-death syndrome of soybean is caused by two morphologically and phylogenetically distinct species within the Fusarium solani species complex—F. virguliforme in North America and F. tucumaniae in South America. Mycologia 95 (4): 660-684.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.