Eurytoma

Male (above) and female (below) pair of Eurytoma rosae, photographed by Josef Dvořák.

Belongs within: Eurytominae.

Eurytoma is a diverse group of small wasps including both parasitoid and phytophagous species, with the majority being the former. The genus has long been regarded as poorly defined; Burks commented in 1978 that "Many species are placed in Eurytoma not because they are greatly like the type species, but because it has not as yet been possible to place them elsewhere" (Bouček 1988). Notable species include Eurytoma amygdali, the almond seed wasp, which causes premature drops of fruit from almonds in southern Europe and the Middle East.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Gena posteriorly delimited by strong carina ascending to level of lower third of eye, carina accompanied laterally by a groove (often deepened by piliferous punctures); back of head with postgenal groove descending obliquely to near genal carina and there, on its inner side, marked by a short raised ridge or tooth usually visible in lateral view; thorax densely umbilicately punctate; pronotum carinate at most on sides, always rounded in median third; marginal vein frequently longer than the stigmal; in male antenna with five or six free funicular segments, these usually with two whorls of white bristles and usually pedunculate at apex.

<==Eurytoma Illiger 1807 B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*E. abrotani B88 [=Chalcis abrotani B88, Cynips abrotani L02]
    |--E. abnormiclava Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Diplolepis’ adonidum [=*Decatoma adonidum] B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ amsterdamensis Girault 1917 G17a
    |--E. amydali B88
    |--E. appendigaster MS01
    |--E. arachnophaga (Girault 1925) [=Bruchophagus arachnophagus] B88
    |--E. aretheas Walker 1839 B88
    |--E. aroueti Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. australiensis Ashmead 1900 B88
    |--E. bicoloriventris Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. braconidis B88
    |--E. brunniventris A71
    |--E. carlylei Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. casuarinae Girault 1917 B88
    |--E. centaureae A71
    |--E. chalcidiformis Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. dentata B88
    |--E. descartesi Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. dubiella Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. dumasi Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. epicephalae Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. eucalyptorum Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. eylandti Girault 1927 B88
    |--E. flavitegula Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ florida Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. fulvivena Girault 1922 B88
    |--E. fuscipennis (Girault 1913) [=Phylloxeroxenus fuscipennis] B88
    |--E. gahani Noble 1939 B88
    |--E. gallephedrae AN-A04
    |--E. gigantea MH11
    |--E. gregi Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. hallami Girault 1920 B88
    |--E. hawthornei Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. helena Girault 1933 B88
    |--E. herbertonensis Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. inconspicua Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ isis Girault 1917 G17a
    |--E. joanna Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. johnsoni Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. larvicola Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. latrodecti Fullaway 1925 [=*Desantisca latrodecti] B88
    |--E. leeuwenhoeki Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. lincolni Girault 1914 B88
    |--E. longipetiolata Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ marilandica Girault 1916 GM79
    |--E. mazzinii Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. minutivespa Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. monemae A71
    |--E. mordax Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. motleyi Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. multipunctum Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. nelsonia Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. nigra (Girault 1913) [=Bruchophagus niger] B88
    |--E. nigripedicel Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. nigripes Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. nigroculex Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. nodularis BM76
    |--E. nox Girault 1928 B88
    |--E. nympha (Girault 1913) [=*Bephratella nympha; incl. B. pulchra Girault 1913, Eurytoma pulchra] B88
    |--E. olbus (Walker 1839 [=Isosoma olbus] B88
    |--E. omnirubricornis (Girault 1922) [=Eurytomocharis omnirubricornis] B88
    |--E. oophagus A71
    |--E. phoenix Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. picus Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. pistaciae B88
    |--E. promecothecae Ferrière 1939 B88
    |--E. puella Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. punctatifossa Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. pyrrhocera Crawford 1911 [=E. pyrrhocerus] B88
    |--E. quinquenotata Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. rhois MH11
    |--E. robusta A71
    |--E. rosae B88
    |--E. saltinata Girault 1927 [=E. saltinatus] B88
    |--E. sarcophaga Girault 1915 [=Bephratella sarcophaga] B88
    |--E. sculptura Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. semifuscicornis Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. seminigrifemur Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. sequax Brues 1910 B88
    |--E. serratulae A71
    |--E. silvae Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. silvipuer Girault 1927 B88
    |--E. speciosa Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. spes Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. squamosa MH11
    |--E. stigmi Ashmead 1895 GM79
    |--E. striatifacies Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. subsanguinea Girault 1926 B88
    |--E. tellis Walker 1839 B88
    |--E. tibialis [incl. E. curta] A71
    |--E. tricoloripes Girault 1915 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--E. varivena Girault 1929 B88
    `--E. xantherella Girault 1915 B88

Nomina nuda: E. aequalivena Girault 1927 B88
             E. fabrei Girault 1935 B88
             E. guttipleura Girault 1935 B88
             E. opacicorpus Girault 1935 B88
             E. unifossa Girault 1928 B88

Eurytoma Illiger 1807 B88 [incl. Bephratella Girault 1913 B88, Decatoma Spinola 1811 B88, Desantisca Burks 1971 B88, Dieurytoma Erdös 1957 B88, Enneatoma Dalla Torre 1898 B88, Ennetoma Dahlbom 1857 B88, Evoxysoma Ashmead 1888 G17b, GM79, Hydateurytoma Erdös 1957 B88, Moneurytoma Erdös 1957 B88]

Eurytoma tricoloripes Girault 1915 [incl. E. cressoni Girault 1915 non Howard 1897, E. cressoni var. limoni Girault 1926] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[AN-A04] Askew, R. R. & J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. 2004. Further observations on Eupelminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands, including descriptions of new species. Graellsia 60 (1): 27–39.

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80–101).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116–131).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PloS One 6 (11): e27023.

Last updated: 29 August 2017.