Glossata

Dyseriocrania subpurpurella, photographed by Sander van der Molen.

Belongs within: Lepidoptera.
Contains: Heteroneura, Exoporia.

The Glossata are the clade of Lepidoptera in which the mouthparts have become modified into a long coiled proboscis (though this has been lost in various subgroups). The proboscis also bears intrinsic musculature conveying greater mobility in members of the Neopseustidae, Exoporia and Heteroneura though such musculature is absent in Lophocorona, Acanthopteroctetes and Eriocraniidae. Basal lineages of the Glossata are mostly leaf-miners as larvae (Grimaldi & Engel 2005).

Synapomorphies (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Nonfunctional or vestigial adult mandibles, lacinia reduced; galeae long, concave and zippped together with rows of minute processes (legulae) to form a proboscis that is usually coiled at rest; larva with a spinneret on apex of prelabial-hypopharyngeal lobe.

<==Glossata [Coelolepida, Eriocraniina, Eriocranioidea, Haustellata, Myoglossata]
    |  i. s.: Catapterigidae NC91
    |--Neolepidoptera [Monotrysia] GE05
    |    |--Heteroneura KP19
    |    `--+--Exoporia KP19
    |       `--Lophocorona [Lophocoronidae, Lophocoronina, Lophocoronoidea] KP19
    |            |--L. astipica KP19
    |            |--L. melanora NC91
    |            `--L. pediasia NC91
    `--+--Neopseustoidea KP19
       |    |--Acanthopteroctetes [Acanthopteroctetidae, Acanthopteroctetoidea] KP19
       |    |    `--A. unifascia KP19
       |    `--Neopseustidae [Neopseustina] GE05
       |         |--Apoplania valdiviana WRM02
       |         `--Neopseustis meyricki KP19
       `--Eriocraniidae GE05
            |  i. s.: Mnemonica RD77
            |           |--M. auricyanea P27
            |           `--M. subpurpurella RD77
            |         Electrocrania immensipalpa Kuznetsov 1941 P92
            |--Dyseriocrania KP19
            |    |--D. auricyanea WRM02
            |    |--D. griseocapitella WRM02
            |    |--D. perveta Cockerell 1919 P92
            |    `--D. subpurpurella WRM02
            `--+--Heringocrania unimaculella WRM02
               `--Eriocrania WRM02
                    |--E. sangii WRM02
                    `--E. semipurpurella WRM02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[KP19] Kawahara, A. Y., D. Plotkin, M. Espeland, K. Meusemann, E. F. A. Toussaint, A. Donath, F. Gimnich, P. B. Frandsen, A. Zwick, M. dos Reis, J. R. Barber, R. S. Peters, S. Liu, X. Zhou, C. Mayer, L. Podsiadlowski, C. Storer, J. E. Yack, B. Misof & J. W. Breinholt. 2019. Phylogenomics reveals the evolutionary timing and pattern of butterflies and moths. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 116 (45): 22657–22663.

[NC91] Nielsen, E. S., & I. F. B. Common. 1991. Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 817–915. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[P27] Philpott, A. 1927. The maxillae in the Lepidoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 721–746.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[WRM02] Wiegmann, B. M., J. C. Regier & C. Mitter. 2002. Combined molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the earliest lepidopteran lineages. Zoologica Scripta 31 (1): 67–81.

Last updated: 4 March 2021.